Jefferson Davis
Provisional President President of the Confederate States of America
In office February 18, 1861 – May 5, 1865
Vice President	Alexander Stephens
Preceded by	Office instituted
Succeeded by	Office abolished
23rd United States Secretary of War
In office March 7, 1853 – March 4, 1857
President	Franklin Pierce
Preceded by	Charles Magill Conrad
Succeeded by	John Buchanan Floyd
Born	June 3, 1808(1808-06-03) Christian County, Kentucky
Died	December 6, 1889 (aged 81) New Orleans, Louisiana
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Sarah Knox Taylor Varina Howell
Profession	Soldier, Politician
Religion	Episcopal
Signature

Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War. The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This is an article about the Confederate Vice President For the shipbuilding company see Alexander Stephen and Sons Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Franklin Pierce (November 23 1804 &ndash October 8 1869 was an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States, serving from 1853 to Charles Magill Conrad ( December 24, 1804 &ndash February 11, 1878) was an American Political figure. John Buchanan Floyd ( June 1, 1806 August 26, 1863) was a Virginia politician (legislator and governor U Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Christian County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Sarah Knox Taylor (birth March 6 1814, Vincennes Indiana - death September 15 1835, St Varina Howell Davis ( May 7, 1826 &ndash October 16, 1906) was an American Author who was best-known as the First A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South During his presidency, Davis was never able to find a strategy that would defeat the larger, more industrially developed Union. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three Davis's insistence on independence, even in the face of crushing defeat, prolonged the war. While not disgraced, he was displaced in Southern affection after the war by the leading general, Robert E. Lee. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated After Davis was captured in 1865, he was charged with treason (although never convicted) and was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. This limitation was removed in 1978, 89 years after his death. A West Point graduate, Davis prided himself on the military skills he gained in the Mexican-American War as a colonel of a volunteer regiment, and as U. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, S. Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce. The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Franklin Pierce (November 23 1804 &ndash October 8 1869 was an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States, serving from 1853 to

Early life and military career

Davis was the youngest of the ten children of Samuel Emory Davis (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1756 – 4 July 1824) and wife (married 1783) Jane Cook (Christian County, (later Todd County), Kentucky, 1759 – 3 October 1845), daughter of William Cook and wife Sarah Simpson, daughter of Samuel Simpson (1706 – 1791) and wife Hannah (b. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Year 1756 ( MDCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Christian County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Todd County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. As of 2000 the population is 11971 The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1706 ( MDCCVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1710). Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year The younger Davis' grandfather Evan Davis (Cardiff, County Glamorgan, 1729 – 1758) emigrated from Wales and had once lived in Virginia and Maryland, marrying Lydia Emory. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Morgannwg is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. Year 1729 ( MDCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state His father, along with his uncles, had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War; he fought with the Georgia cavalry and fought in the Siege of Savannah as an infantry officer. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Also, three of his older brothers served during the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Two of them served under Andrew Jackson and received commendation for bravery in the Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815, and was the final major battle of the War of 1812.

During Davis' youth, the family moved twice; in 1811 to St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, and in 1812 to Wilkinson County, Mississippi near the town of Woodville. St Mary Parish (Paroisse de Sainte-Marie is a Parish located in the U Wilkinson County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Woodville is a town in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, United States. In 1813, Davis began his education together with his sister Mary, attending a log cabin school a mile from their home in the small town of Woodville, known as the Wilkinson Academy. A log cabin is a small house built from logs It is a fairly simple type of Log house. Two years later, Davis entered the Catholic school of Saint Thomas at St. Rose Priory, a school operated by the Dominican Order in Washington County, Kentucky. St Rose Priory, a Dominican Order Monastery, was the location of the first Catholic educational institution west of the Allegheny Mountains. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is Washington County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. At the time, he was the only Protestant student. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

Davis went on to Jefferson College at Washington, Mississippi, in 1818, and to Transylvania University at Lexington, Kentucky, in 1821. Jefferson College was a college in Washington Mississippi. It was the first educational institution in Mississippi, being chartered in 1802. History The town of Washington's namesake is George Washington. Transylvania University is a private liberal arts college related by covenant to the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ located in Lexington, Kentucky Lexington (officially Lexington-Fayette Urban County is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 68th largest in the United States. In 1824, Davis entered the United States Military Academy (West Point). "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, ^[1] He completed his four-year term as a West Point cadet, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in June 1828 following graduation.

Davis was assigned to the 1st Infantry Regiment and was stationed at Fort Crawford, Wisconsin. This article deals with the history of the current 1st Infantry Regiment of the United States Army Fort Crawford was an outpost of the United States Army located in Prairie du Chien Wisconsin during the 19th Century. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States His first assignment, in 1829, was to supervise the cutting of timber on the banks of the Red Cedar River for the repair and enlargement of the fort. The Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin, is a tributary of the Chippewa River, flowing approximately 85 miles from Lake Chetek, a reservoir Later the same year, he was reassigned to Fort Winnebago. This article is about the US Army fort For the civil township of the same name see Fort Winnebago Wisconsin Fort Winnebago was a 19th century Fortification While supervising the construction and management of a sawmill in the Yellow River in 1831, he contracted pneumonia, causing him to return to Fort Crawford. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal ^[2]

First wife, Sarah Knox Taylor

Second wife, Varina Howell

The year after, Davis was dispatched to Galena, Illinois, at the head of a detachment assigned to remove miners from lands claimed by the Native Americans. Sarah Knox Taylor (birth March 6 1814, Vincennes Indiana - death September 15 1835, St Varina Howell Davis ( May 7, 1826 &ndash October 16, 1906) was an American Author who was best-known as the First Galena is the largest city in and County seat of Jo Daviess County, Illinois in the United States with an estimated population of 3396 Lieutenant Davis was home in Mississippi for the entire Black Hawk War, returning after the Battle of Bad Axe. Following the conflict, he was assigned by his colonel, Zachary Taylor, to escort Black Hawk himself to prison—it is said that the chief liked Davis because of the kind treatment he had shown. Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. Black Hawk or Black Sparrow Hawk ( Sauk Makataimeshekiakiak ( Mahkatewi-meši-kehkehkwa) "be a large black hawk" (1767 &ndash Another of Davis' duties during this time was to keep miners from illegally entering what would eventually become the state of Iowa. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America.

Marriage, plantation life, and early political career

Davis fell in love with Colonel Taylor's daughter, Sarah Knox Taylor. Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. Sarah Knox Taylor (birth March 6 1814, Vincennes Indiana - death September 15 1835, St Her father did not approve of the match, so Davis resigned his commission and married Miss Taylor on June 17, 1835, at the house of her aunt near Louisville, Kentucky. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The marriage, however, proved to be short. While visiting Davis' oldest sister near Saint Francisville, Louisiana, both newlyweds contracted malaria, and Davis' wife died three months after the wedding on September 15, 1835. St Francisville is a town in and the Parish seat of West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In 1836, he moved to Brierfield Plantation in Warren County, Mississippi. Warren County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. For the next eight years, Davis was a recluse, studying government and history, and engaging in private political discussions with his brother Joseph. ^[1]

The year 1844 saw Davis' first political success, as he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, taking office on March 4 of the following year. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth In 1845, Davis married Varina Howell, the granddaughter of late New Jersey Governor Richard Howell whom he met the year before, at her home in Natchez, Mississippi. Varina Howell Davis ( May 7, 1826 &ndash October 16, 1906) was an American Author who was best-known as the First The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. Richard Howell ( October 25, 1754 - April 28, 1802) was Governor of New Jersey from 1794 to 1802 Natchez is the county seat of and the largest and only incorporated city within Adams County, Mississippi, United States.

There is a portrait of Mrs. Jefferson Davis in old age at the Jefferson Davis Shrine in Biloxi, Mississippi, painted by Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862-1947) in 1895 and dubbed 'Widow of the Confederacy'. Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862-1947 was a Swiss-born American portrait painter and impressionistic still-life painter It was exhibited at the Durand-Ruel Galleries in New York in 1897. The Museum of the Confederacy at Richmond, Virginia, possesses Müller-Ury's 1897-98 profile portrait of their daughter Winnie Davis which the artist presented to the Museum in 1918. The Museum of the Confederacy is located in Richmond Virginia. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Second military career

The year 1846 saw the beginning of the Mexican-American War. He resigned his House seat in June, and raised a volunteer regiment, the Mississippi Rifles, becoming its colonel. The "Mississippi Rifles" or the 155th Infantry Regiment (United States, is Mississippi's oldest National Guard unit On July 21, 1846 they sailed from New Orleans for the Texas coast. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Davis armed the regiment with percussion rifles and trained the regiment in their use, making it particularly effective in combat. The percussion rifle is a Rifle that uses a Percussion cap instead of older Flintlock or Matchlock variants

In September of the same year, he participated in the successful siege of Monterrey, Mexico. This article is about the Mexican city for other uses see Monterrey (disambiguation. He fought bravely at the Battle of Buena Vista on February 22, 1847, and was shot in the foot, being carried to safety by Robert H. Chilton. The Battle of Buena Vista ( 23 February 1847) also known as the Battle of Angostura saw the United States Army use heavy artillery to repulse Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Robert Hall Chilton ( February 25, 1815 &ndash February 18, 1879) was an officer in the U In recognition of Davis's bravery and initiative, commanding general Zachary Taylor is reputed to have said, "My daughter, sir, was a better judge of men than I was. Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. "^[1]

President James K. Polk offered him a Federal commission as a brigadier general and command of a brigade of militia. James Knox Polk ( November 2 1795&ndashJune 15 1849 was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4 1845 to March 4 1849 Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service He declined the appointment, arguing that the United States Constitution gives the power of appointing militia officers to the states, and not to the Federal government of the United States. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution.

Return to politics

Senator

Because of his war service, the Governor of Mississippi appointed Davis to fill out the Senate term of the late Jesse Speight. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Jesse Speight ( September 22, 1795 &ndash May 1, 1847) was a North Carolina and Mississippi politician in the He took his seat 5 December 1847, and was elected to serve the remainder of his term in January 1848. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In addition, the Smithsonian Institution appointed him a regent at the end of December 1847. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor

Portrait of Jefferson Davis by Daniel Huntington. Daniel Huntington ( October 4, 1816 &ndash April 19, 1906) American Artist, was born in New York City New York

The Senate made Davis chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. The Committee on Armed Services is a Committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nation's military, including the When his term expired, he was elected to the same seat (by the Mississippi legislature, as the Constitution mandated at the time). He had not served a year when he resigned (in September 1851) to run for the Governorship of Mississippi on the issue of the Compromise of 1850, which Davis opposed. The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846&ndash1848 This election bid was unsuccessful, as he was defeated by fellow senator Henry Stuart Foote by 999 votes. Henry Stuart Foote ( February 28, 1804 May 20, 1880) was a United States Senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1852

Left without political office, Davis continued his political activity. He took part in a convention on states' rights, held at Jackson, Mississippi in January 1852. States' rights refers to the idea in US politics and constitutional law, that U In the weeks leading up to the presidential election of 1852, he campaigned in numerous Southern states for Democratic candidates Franklin Pierce and William R. King. The United States presidential election of 1852 was in many ways a replay of the election of 1844. Franklin Pierce (November 23 1804 &ndash October 8 1869 was an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States, serving from 1853 to William Rufus deVane King (April 7 1786 &ndash April 18 1853 was a U

Secretary of War

Pierce won the election and, in 1853, made Davis his Secretary of War. The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration ^[3] In this capacity, Davis gave to Congress four annual reports (in December of each year), as well as an elaborate one (submitted on February 22, 1855) on various routes for the proposed Transcontinental Railroad. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Pacific Railroad Surveys (1853-1855 explored possible routes for a Transcontinental railroad across North America This article refers to a railroad built in the United States between Omaha and Sacramento completed in 1869 The Pierce Administration ended in 1857. The President lost the Democratic nomination, which went instead to James Buchanan. James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 Davis' term was to end with Pierce's, so he ran successfully for the Senate, and re-entered it on March 4, 1857. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the

Return to Senate

His renewed service in the Senate was interrupted by an illness that threatened him with the loss of his left eye. Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain Still nominally serving in the Senate, Davis spent the summer of 1858 in Portland, Maine. Portland is the largest city in the US state of Maine and the County seat of Cumberland County. On the Fourth of July, he delivered an anti-secessionist speech on board a ship near Boston. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity He again urged the preservation of the Union on October 11 in Faneuil Hall, Boston, and returned to the Senate soon after. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Faneuil Hall (ˈfænl̩ previously /ˈfʌnl̩/ located near the waterfront and today's Government Center, in Boston, Massachusetts, has been a marketplace

As Davis explained in his memoir, "The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government," he believed that each State was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union. He counseled delay among his fellow Southerners, however, because he did not think that the North would permit the peaceable exercise of the right to secession. Having served as Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce, he also knew that the South lacked the military and naval resources necessary to defend itself if war were to break out. Franklin Pierce (November 23 1804 &ndash October 8 1869 was an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States, serving from 1853 to Following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, however, events accelerated. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal South Carolina adopted an ordinance of secession on December 20, 1860, and Mississippi did so on January 9, 1861. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common As soon as Davis received official notification of that fact, he delivered a farewell address to the United States Senate, resigned, and returned to Mississippi. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States

President of the Confederate States 1861-1865

Third Confederate National Flag

Four days after his resignation, Davis was commissioned a Major General of Mississippi troops. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries ^[1] On February 9, 1861, a Constitutional convention at Montgomery, Alabama named him provisional President of the Confederate States of America and he was inaugurated on February 18. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy In meetings of his own Mississippi legislature, Davis had argued against secession; but when a majority of the delegates opposed him, he gave in. Davis was not opposed to secession in principle; he counseled delay because he did not believe the North would agree to the peaceable exercise of the claimed right, and he knew that the South was not prepared for war.

Jefferson Davis being sworn in as President of the Confederate States of America on February 18, 1861 on the steps of the Alabama State Capitol. The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Alabama State Capitol, also known as First Confederate Capitol, is located on Goat Hill in Montgomery Alabama.

In conformity with a resolution of the Confederate Congress, Davis immediately appointed a Peace Commission to resolve the Confederacy's differences with the Union. The Congress of the Confederate States was the legislative body of the Confederate States of America, existing during the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865 In March 1861, before the bombardment of Fort Sumter, the Commission was to travel to Washington, D. Fort Sumter, a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor South Carolina, was named after General Thomas Sumter C. , to offer to pay for any Federal property on Southern soil, as well as the Southern portion of the national debt, but it was not authorized to discuss terms for reunion. He appointed General P.G.T. Beauregard to command Confederate troops in the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina. Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (ˈboʊrɪgɑrd ( May 28, 1818 &ndash February 20, 1893) was a Louisiana -born author civil servant The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. He approved the Cabinet decision to bombard Fort Sumter, which started the Civil War. When Virginia switched from neutrality and joined the Confederacy, he moved his government to Richmond, Virginia, in May 1861. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Davis and his family took up his residence there at the White House of the Confederacy in late May. The Museum of the Confederacy is located in Richmond Virginia.

Confederate postage stamp featuring President Jefferson Davis. This is a survey of the Postage stamps and Postal history of the Confederate States of America. The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from

Davis was elected to a six-year term as President of the Confederacy on November 6, 1861. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He had never served a full term in any elective office, and that would turn out to be the case on this occasion as well. He was inaugurated on February 22, 1862. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday In June, 1862, he assigned General Robert E. Lee to replace the wounded Joseph E. Johnston in command of the Army of Northern Virginia, the main Confederate army in the Eastern Theater. Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3 1807 &ndash March 21 1891 was a career U The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. That December, he made a tour of Confederate armies in the west of the country. This article presents an overview of major military and naval operations in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Davis largely made the main strategic decisions on his own, or approved those suggested by Lee. He had a very small circle of military advisors. Jefferson Davis openly pushed for the acquisition of Cuba upon completion of the Civil War.

In August 1863, Davis declined General Lee's offer of resignation after his defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg. Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] As Confederate military fortunes turned for the worse in 1864, he visited Georgia with the intent of raising morale. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Morale, also known as esprit de corps when discussing the morale of a group is an intangible term used for the capacity of people to maintain Belief in

On April 3, 1865, with Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant poised to capture Richmond, Davis escaped for Danville, Virginia, together with the Confederate Cabinet, leaving on the Richmond and Danville Railroad. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Danville is an Independent city in Virginia, bounded by Pittsylvania County Virginia and Caswell County North Carolina. The Richmond and Danville Railroad was chartered in Virginia in the United States in 1847 He issued his last official proclamation as President of the Confederacy, and then went south to Greensboro, North Carolina. Circa April 12, he received Robert E. Lee's letter announcing surrender. Robert E Lee's Letter to President Davis Announcing Surrender was written April 12, 1865.

President Jefferson Davis met with his Confederate Cabinet for the last time on May 5, 1865 in Washington, Georgia, and the Confederate Government was officially dissolved. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Washington (originally called Heard's Fort is a city in Wilkes County, Georgia, United States. The meeting took place at the Heard house, the Georgia Branch Bank Building, with fourteen officials present. On May 10, he was captured at Irwinville in Irwin County, Georgia. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Irwin County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. It was created on December 15, 1818. After being captured, he was held as a prisoner for two years in Fort Monroe, Virginia. Fort Monroe (also known as Fortress Monroe) is a Hampton Virginia, military installation located at Old Point Comfort, which is on the tip of the

Administration and Cabinet

The original Confederate Cabinet. L-R: Judah P. Benjamin, Stephen Mallory, Christopher Memminger, Alexander Stephens, LeRoy Pope Walker, Jefferson Davis, John H. Reagan and Robert Toombs. Judah Philip Benjamin ( August 6, 1811 &ndash May 6, 1884) was an American politician and lawyer Stephen Russell Mallory (1813 &ndash November 9, 1873) was a United States Politician and the Confederate Secretary of Christopher Gustavus Memminger ( January 9, 1803 &ndash March 7, 1888) was a prominent political leader and the first Secretary of the Treasury This is an article about the Confederate Vice President For the shipbuilding company see Alexander Stephen and Sons Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( LeRoy Pope Walker ( February 7, 1817 &ndash August 23, 1884) was the first Confederate States Secretary of War and issued the orders John Henninger Reagan ( October 8, 1818 &ndash March 6, 1905) was a leading 19th century American politician from Robert Augustus Toombs ( July 2, 1810 &ndash December 15, 1885) was an American political leader Secretary of State of the Confederacy

Imprisonment and retirement

Jefferson Davis at his home c. The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from The Vice President of the Confederate States of America was formally the second highest position within the government of the short-lived Confederacy This is an article about the Confederate Vice President For the shipbuilding company see Alexander Stephen and Sons Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( The Confederate States Secretary of State was the head of the Confederate States State Department from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War. Robert Augustus Toombs ( July 2, 1810 &ndash December 15, 1885) was an American political leader Secretary of State of the Confederacy Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter ( April 21, 1809 &ndash July 18, 1887) American Statesman, was born in Essex Judah Philip Benjamin ( August 6, 1811 &ndash May 6, 1884) was an American politician and lawyer The Confederate States of America dollar was first issued into circulation in April 1861 when the Confederacy was only two months old and on the eve of the outbreak of the Christopher Gustavus Memminger ( January 9, 1803 &ndash March 7, 1888) was a prominent political leader and the first Secretary of the Treasury George Alfred Trenholm ( February 25, 1807 &ndash December 9, 1876) was a prominent politician in the Confederate States of America John Henninger Reagan ( October 8, 1818 &ndash March 6, 1905) was a leading 19th century American politician from The Confederate States Secretary of War was a member of the Confederate States President's Cabinet during the Civil War. LeRoy Pope Walker ( February 7, 1817 &ndash August 23, 1884) was the first Confederate States Secretary of War and issued the orders Judah Philip Benjamin ( August 6, 1811 &ndash May 6, 1884) was an American politician and lawyer George Wythe Randolph ( March 10, 1818 &ndash April 3, 1867) was a lawyer and the Confederate States Secretary of War during the James Alexander Seddon ( July 13, 1815 &ndash August 19, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms in the John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16 1821 &ndash May 17 1875 was a lawyer U The Confederate States Navy ( CSN) was the naval branch of the Confederate States Armed forces established by an act of the Confederate Congress Stephen Russell Mallory (1813 &ndash November 9, 1873) was a United States Politician and the Confederate Secretary of John Henninger Reagan ( October 8, 1818 &ndash March 6, 1905) was a leading 19th century American politician from In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Judah Philip Benjamin ( August 6, 1811 &ndash May 6, 1884) was an American politician and lawyer Thomas Bragg ( November 9, 1810 January 21, 1872) was a North Carolina Politician and Lawyer. Thomas Hill Watts ( January 3 1819 September 16 1892) was the Democratic Governor of the U For the US Representative from Illinois see George R Davis. For other people with this name see George Davis. 1885

On May 19, 1865, Davis was imprisoned in a casemate at Fortress Monroe, on the coast of Virginia. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A casemate, sometimes rendered casement, is a fortified gun emplacement or armored structure from which guns are fired originally a vaulted chamber in a Fortress. Fort Monroe (also known as Fortress Monroe) is a Hampton Virginia, military installation located at Old Point Comfort, which is on the tip of the He was placed in irons for three days. Davis was indicted for treason a year later. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. While in prison, Davis arranged to sell his Mississippi estate to one of his former slaves, Ben Montgomery. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco Benjamin Montgomery (1819-1877 was an influential American Inventor, landowner and Freedman. Montgomery was a talented business manager, mechanic, and even an inventor who had become wealthy in part from running his own general store.

After two years of imprisonment, he was released on bail which was posted by prominent citizens of both northern and southern states, including Horace Greeley, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Gerrit Smith (Smith, as a member of the Secret Six, had earlier supported John Brown). Horace Greeley ( February 3, 1811 &ndash November 29, 1872) was an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder Cornelius Vanderbilt ( May 27 1794 &ndash January 4 1877) also known by the Sobriquets The Commodore or Gerrit Smith ( March 6, 1797 &ndash December 28, 1874) was a leading United States social reformer Abolitionist, The Secret Six, or the Secret Committee of Six, were six wealthy and influential men who secretly funded the American abolitionist, John Brown. John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Davis visited Canada, Cuba and Europe. In December 1868, the court rejected a motion to nullify the indictment, but the prosecution dropped the case in February 1869.

In 1869 Davis became president of the Carolina Life Insurance Company in Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. Upon Robert E. Lee's death in 1870, Davis presided over the memorial meeting in Richmond, Virginia. Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Elected to the U. S. Senate again, he was refused the office in 1875, having been barred from Federal office by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, first He also turned down the opportunity to become the first president of The Agriculture and Mechanical College of Texas, which is now Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University, often called A&M or TAMU, is a Coeducational public Research University located in College Station

In 1876, he promoted a society for the stimulation of U. S. trade with South America. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Davis visited England the next year, returning in 1878 to Beauvoir (Biloxi, Mississippi). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Beauvoir is the location of the historic post-war home and Presidential library of Confederate President Jefferson Davis begun in 1848 at Over the next three years there, Davis wrote The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government is a Book written by Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America during the Having completed that book, he visited Europe again, and traveled to Alabama and Georgia the following year. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America.

He completed A Short History of the Confederate States of America in October 1889. A Short History of the Confederate States of America is a Memoir written by Jefferson Davis, completed shortly before his death in 1889. Two months later on December 6, Davis died in New Orleans of unestablished cause at the age of eighty-one. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana His funeral was one of the largest ever staged in the South, and included a continuous cortège, day and night, from New Orleans to Richmond, Virginia. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. He is buried at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. This article is about the cemetery in Richmond Virginia for the cemetery in Hollywood California see Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Legacy

Statue of Jefferson Davis, given to the National Statuary Hall, Mississippi, in 1931

Jefferson Davis grave at the Hollywood Cemetery

• The Jefferson Davis Presidential Library, on the grounds of Davis's last home, Beauvoir, at Biloxi, Mississippi, was dedicated in 1998 by the state of Mississippi. This article is about the cemetery in Richmond Virginia for the cemetery in Hollywood California see Hollywood Forever Cemetery. The Jefferson Davis Presidential Library is an artifical Presidential library and Museum with the purpose of preserving housing and making available the papers Beauvoir is the location of the historic post-war home and Presidential library of Confederate President Jefferson Davis begun in 1848 at
• Jefferson Davis is included on a bas relief sculpture on Stone Mountain, which is just east of Atlanta, Georgia. A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture This article is about Stone Mountain in Georgia USA For other uses see Stone Mountain (disambiguation.
• A monument to Jefferson Davis was unveiled on June 3, 1907, on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia and a life-sized statue marks his grave at Hollywood Cemetery in that city. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Monument Avenue, in Richmond Virginia, memorializes Virginian native Confederate participants of the Civil War and one 20th century Richmond native This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
• A statue of Jefferson Davis stands in Confederate Park in Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County.
• A statue of Jefferson Davis stands on the South Mall of the University of Texas at Austin.
• A 351-foot (107 m) tall concrete obelisk at the Jefferson Davis State Historic Site in Fairview, Todd County, Kentucky marks the site of his birth place in what was then Christian County, Kentucky. An obelisk (from Greek ὀβελίσκος - obeliskos, diminutive of ὀβελός - obelos, "spit nail pointed pillar" The Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site is a Kentucky State Park preserving the birthplace of Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States Fairview may refer to Places Canada Fairview Alberta, a town in Alberta Fairview Calgary, a neighbourhood in Calgary Christian County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky.
• A bust statue of Jefferson Davis is located in a park on the spot he was captured, near Fitzgerald, Georgia. Fitzgerald is a City in Ben Hill and Irwin Counties in the US
• Another bust of Jefferson Davis is located outside of the Jeff Davis County Court House building in Hazlehurst, Georgia. Hazlehurst is a city in and the County seat of Jeff Davis County, Georgia, United States.
• The state of Alabama celebrates Jefferson Davis's birthday on the first Monday in June. The state of Mississippi observes Davis's birthday in conjunction with the Memorial Day Federal holiday. Memorial Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the last Monday of May (on May in)
• In the State of Florida, Jefferson Davis's birthday, June 3, is a legal holiday and public holiday. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the [1]
• Jefferson Davis was honorarily inducted into the Kappa Sigma Fraternity (University of Arkansas - Xi chapter) following his son's death. He is currently the only honorary member of the fraternity.
• Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi, Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana, Jeff Davis County, Texas, and Jeff Davis County, Georgia, all created after the civil war, were named after Jefferson Davis. Jefferson Davis County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Jefferson Davis Parish (Paroisse de Jefferson Davis is a Parish located in the U Jeff Davis County is a County in the US state of Texas. It is named for Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States Jeff Davis County is a County located in the US state of Georgia.
• The Jefferson Davis Highway was named in his honor. The Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway was a transcontinental highway in the United States from Washington D
• Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution barred from office anyone who had violated their oath to protect the Constitution by serving in the Confederacy. The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, first That prohibition included Davis. In 1978, pursuant to authority granted to Congress under the same section of the Amendment, Congress posthumously removed the ban on Davis with a two-thirds vote of each house and President Jimmy Carter signed it. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 These actions were spearheaded by Congressman Trent Lott of Mississippi. Chester Trent Lott Sr (born October 9, 1941) is a former United States Senator from Mississippi and a member of the Republican Party Congress had previously taken similar action on behalf of Robert E. Lee. Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated
• A statue of Jefferson Davis is depicted in the National Statuary Hall in the U.S. Capitol Building, for the state of Mississippi. National Statuary Hall is a chamber in the United States Capitol devoted to Sculptures of prominent Americans. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States
• There is a carved stone memorial to Jefferson Davis at First and Camp Streets, next to the home where he died, in New Orleans, La, as well as a life-sized statue at the corner of Jefferson Davis Parkway and Canal Street.
• There are statues of Davis in the Alabama, Virginia and Kentucky State Capitols -- in Montgomery, on the grounds in front of the main entrance where he was sworn in as President of the Confederacy; in Richmond, in the old house of delegates chamber; and inside the rotunda at Frankfort.
• There are also two bronze statues, one larger than life and the other is life size, in the Vicksburg National Military Park located in Warren County, Mississippi. Warren County, Mississippi is where the Davis family Plantations where located.

Notes

References

Primary sources

• Jefferson Davis, Jefferson Davis: The Essential Writings ed. by William J. Cooper (2003)
• Dunbar Rowland, ed. , Jefferson Davis: Constitutionalist; His Letters, Papers, and Speeches (10 vols. , 1923).
• The Papers of Jefferson Davis (1971- ), edited by Haskell M. Monroe, Jr. , James T. McIntosh, and Lynda L. Crist; latest is vol. 12 (2008) to December 1870 published by Louisiana State University Press
• Jefferson Davis. The Louisiana State University Press, founded in 1935 is a Nonprofit Book publisher dedicated to the publication of scholarly general interest and regional The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (1881; numerous reprints)
• http://www.nndb.com/people/336/000050186/

Secondary sources

• Allen, Felicity. Jefferson Davis: Unconquerable Heart (1999) online edition
• Ballard, Michael. Long Shadow: Jefferson Davis and the Final Days of the Confederacy (1986) online edition
• William J. Cooper. Jefferson Davis, American (2000)
• William C. Davis, Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour (1991).
• William E Dodd. Jefferson Davis (1907)
• Clement Eaton, Jefferson Davis (1977).
• Paul D. Escott, After Secession: Jefferson Davis and the Failure of Confederate Nationalism (1978).
• Herman Hattaway and Richard E. Beringer. Jefferson Davis, Confederate President. (2001)
• Rable; George C. The Confederate Republic: A Revolution against Politics. (1994). online edition
• Neely Jr. ' Mark E. Confederate Bastille: Jefferson Davis and Civil Liberties (1993) online edition
• Hudson Strode, Jefferson Davis (3 vols. , 1955-1964)
• Emory M. Thomas, The Confederate Nation, 1861-1865 (1979)

External links

• Jefferson Davis at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved on 2008-02-13
• Works by Jefferson Davis at Project Gutenberg
  • Speeches of the Hon. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi; delivered during the summer of 1858, available at Project Gutenberg. The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
• The Papers of Jefferson Davis at Rice University
• Biography of Jefferson Davis
• Capture of Jefferson Davis
• Jefferson Davis' final resting place
• Jefferson Davis items can be seen at The University of Mississippi Archive and Special Collections in the Small Manuscripts Collection (MUM00400).