Jatt people जाट ਜੱਟ جاٹ
Maharaja Churaman • Bhagat Singh • Gurdas Mann • Bobby Deol Bhagat Dhanna • Foolabai • Maharaja Kishan Singh • Simi Garewal
Total population
31 million[1]
Regions with significant populations
•  India •  Pakistan •  Europe •  United States •  Canada •  Australia •  United Kingdom
Languages
• Punjabi • Rajasthani • Hariyanavi • Balochi • Sindhi • Gujarati • Hindi • Urdu • English
Religions
• Hinduism • Vedic religion • Islam • Sikhism
Related ethnic groups
• Indo-Aryans • Indo-Iranians • Indo-Scythians • Indo-European • Punjabis • Baluchis • Sindhis

The Jat people (IAST: Jāṭ, Hindi: जाट, Punjabi: ਜੱਟ جٹ Jatt, Urdu: جاٹ), are an ethnic group of people^[2][3] native to mainly the Punjab region^[4] of Northern India and Pakistan that have attributes of an ethnic group, tribe and a people. Churaman (1695 – 1721 ( चूड़ामण) was Zamindar of Sinsini and the real founder of Jat state of Bharatpur in Rajasthan Bhagat Singh ( Punjabi: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ بھگت سنگھ pə̀gət̪ sɪ́ŋg ( September 27, 1907 &ndash March 23, 1931 Vijay Singh Deol ( Punjabi: ਵਿਜੈ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਿਉਲ Hindi:विजय सिंह देओल Urdu: وِجے سِںہ دِیول Dhanna Bhagat (धन्ना भगत was a charitable person and devotee of God with divine powers Foolabai (1664 - 1682 was a saintly Jat woman popularly known as Bhakt Shiromani Foolabai. Maharaja Sir Kishan Singh, KCSI (born 1899 – death 1929 was the ruler of Princely state Bharatpur (1918 - 1929 and successor of Maharani Girraj Simi Garewal (born 1947 is an Indian Hindi movie actress Born in India, to a sikh punjabi family her India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Rajasthani (राजस्थानी is a language or language cluster Bagri: about five million speakers in Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar districts of Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period see Hinduism and Indian religions for details For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Indo-Iranian peoples consist of the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Dardic and Nuristani peoples that is speakers of Indo-Iranian languages The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas ( Scythians) who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, The Punjabi people ( Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Sindhis ( Sindhi: سنڌي) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh in Pakistan. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration ( IAST) is a popular Transliteration scheme that allows a lossless Romanization of Indic Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Geography Northern India lies mainly on continental India and a very small part of it lies on the Indian peninsula Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use An English Noun The English noun people has two distinct fields of application as a countable noun, a group of Humans ^[5][6]

The Jat people are considered by some to be the merged descendants of the original Indo-Aryans and a later addition of Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat people. The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas ( Scythians) who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, ^[7] Others conclude a native Indo-Aryan lineage on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards^{[8][9][10][11][12][13]}. The Jat people of India and Pakistan are not to be confused with the peripatetic Jats of Afghanistan, who are a distinct ethnic group. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, ^[14]

The Jat people have a discrete and distinct cultural history that can be historically traced back to ancient times. ^[15][16]

People

Jat Regiment Battle Insignia

The Jat people are an ethnic people^[2][17] spread over Northern India and Pakistan (mainly the Punjab region)^[18] including large populations living in the EU, US, Canada, Australia and UK. The Jat Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army Geography Northern India lies mainly on continental India and a very small part of it lies on the Indian peninsula Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Historically, most South Asians have been farmers and even today (two-thirds) 66% of Indians are farmers. ^[19] The Jat people have traditionally been no different to other South Asians and have been mainly agriculturalists (landlord farmers) and members of the military as soldiers and officers serving in the Jat Regiment and most other regiments in India & Pakistan. Landlord is the owner of a House, Apartment, Condominium, or Real estate which is rented or Leased to an individual or business The Jat Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army However, in modern times (last 40 years) they are mainly a professional class e. The American middle class is an ambiguously defined Social class in the United States. g. Doctors, engineers, politicians and etc. The Jat Regiment is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. ^[20] Historically, there have been many Jat kings and other leading figures in history. ^[21] The Jat people have also produced many prominent politicians and political leaders in Pakistan & India including (Choudhary Charan Singh, Chaudhary Bansi Lal, Chaudhari Devi Lal and Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi). Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 &ndash 29 May 1987 was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980 Chaudhary Bansi Lal ( August 26 1927 &ndash March 28 2006) (चौधरी बंसी लाल was an Indian Freedom fighter Chaudhari Devi Lal (1914-2001 (चौधरी देवी लाल was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, Chief Minister of the state of Haryana Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi ( Urdu: چودھری پرویز الہی) ( November 1 1945 &ndash September 20 2008) was a This includes many Senators/ministers in the US and Canada, including the American State Senator from Minnesota, Satveer Chaudhary (the first South Asian state senator in American history). A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Satveer Chaudhary ( सतवीर चौधरी) (b June 12 1969) is an American politician in the Minnesota State Senate. ^[22]

People Demographics

The census in 1931 in India recorded population on the basis of ethnicity. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population In 1925, according to Professor Qanungo^[23] the population of Jats was around nine million in South Asia and was made up of followers of three major religions as shown below:

The Jat People Religious Demographic

The Jat People are mainly concentrated in the greater Punjab region

Professor B. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies Demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government Marketing or opinion research or the Demographic profiles Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies S. Dhillon, states by taking population statistical analysis into consideration the Jat population growth of both India and Pakistan since 1925, Professor Quanungo's figure of nine million could be translated into a minimum population statistic (1988) of 30 million. ^[2]

According to earlier censuses, the Jati or Jat people accounted for approximately 25% of the entire Sindhi-Punjabi speaking area, making it the one of "largest single socially distinctive group" in the region. ^[24]

According to Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria), adequate statistics about Jat people population are available in the Census Report of India of 1931, which is the last and the most comprehensive source of information on the Jat people, who were estimated to be approximately ten million in number at that time. ^[25] From 1931 to 1988 the estimated increase in the Jat people population of the Indian subcontinent including Pakistan respectively is 3. 5% Hindu, 3. 5% Sikh and 4. 0% Muslim. ^[26] Dr Sukhbir Singh estimates that the population of Hindu Jats, numbered at 2,210,945 in the 1931 census, rose to about 7,738,308 by 1988, whereas Muslim Jats, numbered at 3,287,875 in 1931, would have risen to about 13,151,500 in 1988. The total population of Jats was given as 8,406,375 in 1931, and estimated to have been about 31,066,253 in 1988.

The region-wise break-up of the total Jat people population (including the Jat Hindu, Jat Sikh and Jat Muslim) is given in the following table. The Jat people, approximately 73%, are located mainly in the Punjab region:^[27]

Military and politics

14th Murray's Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett

A Jat Infantry Soldier

A large number of Jat people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based The Jat Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army The Sikh Regiment is Regiment of the Indian Army. The Sikh Regimental Centre is presently located in Ramgarh Cantonment, 30 km from the Ranchi The Rajputana Rifles are the most senior rifle Regiment of the Indian Army. The Grenadiers are a regiment of the Indian Army, formerly known as the 4th Bombay Grenadiers when part of the British Indian Army. Gallantry redirects here Or see Gallant for other meanings Courage, also known as bravery, will, intrepidity Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment, where they have also been highly decorated. The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered The Punjab Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the Pakistan Army. The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army^[28]. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947^[29] and post independence 5 battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals^[30] Major Hoshiar Singh of Rohtak won the Paramvir Chakra during Indo-Pak war of 1971. A battle honour is a military tradition practised in the Commonwealth countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand The Maha Vira Chakra (MVC is the second highest military decoration in India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy whether Kirti Chakra is an Indian Military decoration awarded for valor courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of Shaurya Chakra is an Indian Military decoration awarded for valor courageous action or self-sacrifice while not engaged Vira Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery in the Battlefield. Major Hoshiar Singh (1936 - 1998 was born on 5 May 1936 in Sisana village Rohtak tehsil Haryana to Choudhary Hira Singh The Param Vir Chakra (PVC is India 's highest Military decoration awarded for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy similar Rohtak district, which has a high density of Jat people, has the distinction of producing the highest number of Victoria Cross winners of any district in India. Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since

Traditionally they have dominated as the political class in Punjab. ^[31]

A number of Jat people belonging to the political classes have produced many political leaders, including the 6th Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister Choudhary Charan Singh. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 &ndash 29 May 1987 was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980 Moreover, there have been many Jat Kings and warriors throughout history. ^[21]

The Jat people are one of the most prosperous groups in India on a per-capita basis (Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat are the wealthiest of Indian states). ^[32]

Origin

Main article: Origin of Jat people

Nothing certain known about the origin of Jat people^[33], and there are several theories on the topic. ^[34]

Several scholars, including Alexander Cunningham, B. Sir Alexander Cunningham ( 23 January 1814 &ndash 28 November 1893) was a British Archaeologist and Army S. Dhillon, James Tod^[35] and Bhim Singh Dahiya, believe that the Jats are the merged descendants of the Indo-Aryans living in the Indian subcontinent and a later addition of Indo-Scythians from Central Asia. Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod (1782-1835 a British officer Historian of Rajasthan and Numismatist, was born on March 20 Bhim Singh Dahiya (1940 - 2000 (भीमसिंह दहिया was a Historian and Civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas ( Scythians) who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south ^[7][2][36]

Others scholars, including E. B. Havell, KR Qanungo, Sir Herbert Risley, C. Ernest Binfield Havell (1861-1934 who published under the name E Sir Herbert Hope Risley KCIE, CSI ( 4 January 1851 &ndash 30 September 1911) was a British ethnographer and V. Vaidya, and Thakur Deshraj, advocate a native Indo-Aryan lineage on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards. Thakur Deshraj ( Hindi: ठाकुर देशराज (1903-1970 was a social worker nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ^{[37][38][39][40][41][42]}

The Sinsinwar Jat people rulers of Bharatpur have been recorded as Yadav by Prakash Chandra Chandawat. Sinsinwar is a gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bharatpur (भरतपुर is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan ^[43]

The Hindu mythological account in Deva Samhita traces the origin of Jats to Shiva's locks (see Origin of Jat people from Shiva's Locks). Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva The Mythological account of Origin of Jat people from Shiva's Locks was propounded by the author of Deva Samhita. ^[44][45]

The Jat people of India and Pakistan are not related with the peripatetic Jats of Afghanistan, who are a distinct ethnic group. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, ^[46]

Etymology of the word Jat

Main article: Etymology of Jat

Professor J. A. Leake states Jat is dervied from the old Central Asian and Gothic word "Jaet". Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s ^[47][2] The Gothic etymology is agreed by other scholars such as Bhim Singh Dahiya who states that Jeat (also spelt Geat) was the name of a Central Asian tribe. Bhim Singh Dahiya (1940 - 2000 (भीमसिंह दहिया was a Historian and Civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south ^[7]

History

Mentions in ancient litearture

Bhim Singh Dahiya states that the Jats find a mention in Mahabharata and other ancient Indian literature. Bhim Singh Dahiya (1940 - 2000 (भीमसिंह दहिया was a Historian and Civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS Jat people find a mention in most ancient Indian literature like Mahabharata and Rig Veda. ^[7] Mahendra Singh Arya etal. believe that the shloka Jat Jhat Sanghate (Sanskrit: जट झट संघाते) in famous Sanskrit scholar Panini's Astadhyayi refers to the Jat people as a federation. A Sanskrit term shloka (श्लोक also spelt sloka specifically denotes a metered and often rhymed poetic verse or phrase Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Pāṇini ( IAST: Pāṇini Dēvanāgarī: sa पाणिनि a Patronymic meaning "descendant of {{IAST|Paṇi}} " was an ancient Pāṇini ( IAST: Pāṇini Dēvanāgarī: sa पाणिनि a Patronymic meaning "descendant of {{IAST|Paṇi}} " was an ancient ^[48]

G. C. Dwivedi writes that the Persian Majmal-ut-Tawarikh mentions Jats and Meds as the descendants of Ham, living in Sind on the banks of the river Bahar. Majmal al-Tawarikh wa al-Qasas (مجمل التواریخ و القصص was a book written in Persia in 1126CE by an unknown author Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ^[49][50] S. M. Yunus Jaffery believes that the Jat people have been mentioned in Shāhnāma, a well-known Persian epic. According to Dr SM Yunus Jaffery Jat people have been mentioned in Shāhnāma ("The epic of kings", the national epic of Persia (modern Iran) ^[51]

Ancient Jat kingdoms

Main article: Ancient Jat Kingdoms

Professor K. The Jat people of the Indian subcontinent had many kingdoms in ancient times The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies R. Kanungo writes that when Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sind, the Kaikan region in Sind was in independent possession of Jats. Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (محمد بن قاسم (c 31 December, 695 &ndash 18 July, 715) born Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ^[52] The first Arab invasions in the region were repelled by the Jats.

According to Thakur Deshraj and Cunningham, the Jats of the Panwar clan ruled Umerkot in Sind prior to Mughal ruler Humayun. Thakur Deshraj ( Hindi: ठाकुर देशराज (1903-1970 was a social worker nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. The Ponwar (also Panwar, Puar, Powar, or Pawar) are an Arya clan of that ruled the states of Chhatarpur, Dewas Umarkot, also known as Omarkot, ( Urdu: عمرکوٹ) is town in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Background Babur's decision to divide the territories of his empire between two of his sons was unusual in India but it had been a common Central Asian practice since the time of ^[53][54]

Thakur Deshraj also mentions that the Susthan region in Sindh was ruled by Chandra Ram, a Jat of Hala clan. Thakur Deshraj ( Hindi: ठाकुर देशराज (1903-1970 was a social worker nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. Chandra Ram lost his kingdom (known as Halakhandi) to the Muslim invaders sent by Muhammad bin Qasim. Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (محمد بن قاسم (c 31 December, 695 &ndash 18 July, 715) born Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi ^[55][56]

There is no information of any important Jat state in a period of two centuries following Kushan rule. The Kushan Empire (c 1st &ndash 3rd centuries) was a Bactrian state that at its cultural zenith Circa 105 &ndash 250 However, in the beginning of fifth century, there is evidence of the Jat ruler Maharaja Shalinder ruling from "Shalpur" (the present-day Sialkot); his territory extended from Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. Sialkot ( Urdu / Punjabi:) the capital of Sialkot District, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area This is indicated by the Pali inscription obtained by James Tod from village Kanswa^[57] in Kota state in year 1820 AD. Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod (1782-1835 a British officer Historian of Rajasthan and Numismatist, was born on March 20 Kanswa or Kansua is an ancient village of archaeological importance in Kota district in Rajasthan, India. Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year ^[58]

See also: Jat people in Islamic History

Medieval period

Main article: Jat Kingdoms in Medieval India

There were several small Jat states in what is now Rajasthan. The Jat people and Meds have been the oldest occupants of Sind. The Jat people of India had numerous kingdoms during medieval to modern times Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area The Bikaner region (then known as Jangladesh) in the desert region of Western India was dominated by the Jats. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India Early history Prior to middle 15th century rule the region that is Bikaner was a Barren Wilderness called "Jangladesh" The Thar Desert ( Hindi: थार मरुस्थल also known as the Great Indian Desert, is At what period the Jat people established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c ^[59] The small Jats in this region were inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law. ^[60]

See also: Jat states in Rajasthan

There were several small Jat rulers in North India. Jat republics in Jangladesh Jangladesh was the name of a region of northern Rajasthan state in India These included Garhwals of Garhmukteshwar, Kaliramnas (who ruled near Mathura), Khirwars of Brij and Narsinghpur, Nauhwars (who ruled the area surrounding the Noh lake area near Mathura), the Koīls of Kampilgarh (the area that is now Aligarh), the Halas, the Kuntals, the Pachars, the Thenuas, the Toouts, and the Thakureles. Garhwal (गढवाल is a Gotra ( Clan) of Jats are found in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Garhmukteshwar (गढ़मुक्तेश्वर is a city and a Municipal board in Ghaziabad Kaliramna (कालीरमना or Kaliraman (कालीरमन or Kaleramne (कालीरमने is Gotra of Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Khirwar is a clan or Gotra of Jats found in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh in India. Region and the cult of Krishna Region is closely related to the Hindu epic Mahabharata. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Narsinghpur or Narsimhapur is a town in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Nauhwar (नौहवार or Nohwar is a gotra of Jats found in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Aligarh ( Hindi: अलीगढ़ Urdu: علی گڑھ) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian Aligarh ( Hindi: अलीगढ़ Urdu: علی گڑھ) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian Hala is a Gotra or Clan of the Jats found in the states of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India and in the province Kuntal or Khutail is a gotra of Jats found in Uttar Pradesh. There is mention of Kuntibhoj and Kauntey people in Mahabharat. Pachar or Pachehra is Gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. Thenua (ठेनुवा Thenuva (ठेनुवा Thenewal (ठेनेवाल Thinwal (ठीनवाल is a gotra of jats found

The Jats also dominated the Malwa region, under rulers like Harshavardhana, Shiladitya, Singhavarma, Vishnuvardhan, and Yasodharman. Harsha or Harshavardhana (हर्षवर्धन or "Harsha vardhan" ( 590 &ndash 647) was an Indian emperor who ruled Northern India Shiladitya ( Hindi: शिलादित्य was a ruler of Malwa. Singhvarma ( Hindi: सिंहवर्मा was a ruler of Malwa, contemporary of Samudragupta ( 335 - 375 AD Yasodharman or Yashôdharman ( Devanagari:यशोधर्मा was the king of Malwa, in central India, during

See also: Jats in the pre-Aurangzeb period

Rise of Jat power after 1699

Main article: The rise of Jat power

In 1699, the Jats of Gokula region around Mathura rebelled against the powerfule Mughal rulers (see 1669 Jat uprising). The Jats in the pre-Aurangzeb period, according to the historian Qanungo had little scope for their lawless activity under the strong governments of the Surs and the Mughals The rise of Jat power in India which started in 1669 as a resistance against narrow and over-centralised despotic regime of Aurangzeb under the leadership of Gokula Gokula (गोकुला or Gokul Singh (गोकुल सिंह (died 1670 AD was a Jat chieftain of Sinsini Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ^[61] The rebellion was essentially the result of the political provocation aggravated by the economic discontent, and further aggravated by the religious persecution and discrimination. ^[62]

Maharaja Suraj Mal

Coat of arms of Bharatpur rulers

In the disorder following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Jat resistance resumed, organized under the leadership of Churaman (1695–1721). Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. Churaman (1695 – 1721 ( चूड़ामण) was Zamindar of Sinsini and the real founder of Jat state of Bharatpur in Rajasthan Churaman's nephew, Badan Singh (1722–1756), established a kingdom centered at Deeg, from which he extended his rule over Agra and Mathura. Badan Singh (1722 – 1756 ( बदन सिंह) was the formal founder of the Princely state of Bharatpur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Deeg (डीग is a city and a Municipality in Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan Badan Singh's eldest son and successor, Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707–1763), extended his kingdom to include Agra, Mathura, Dholpur, Mainpuri, Hathras, Aligarh, Etawah, Meerut, Rohtak (including Bhiwani), Farrukhnagar, Mewat, Rewari and Gurgaon. Badan Singh (1722 – 1756 ( बदन सिंह) was the formal founder of the Princely state of Bharatpur. Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mainpuri is a city and a Municipal board in Mainpuri district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hathras ( Hindi: हाथरस Urdu: ہاتھرس) is a city and a Municipal Aligarh ( Hindi: अलीगढ़ Urdu: علی گڑھ) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Etawah is a City on the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India Meerut ( Hindi: मेरठ Urdu: میرٹھ is a city and a Municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhiwani is a city and a Municipal council in Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Farrukhnagar is a town in Gurgaon district in the state of Haryana, India. Mewat District is a district of Haryana Haryana state in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rewari (रेवाडी़ is a city and a Municipal council in Rewari District in the Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. He has been described as one of the greatest Jat rulers. ^[63][64] Suraj Mal moved the capital from Deeg to Bharatpur in 1733. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Deeg (डीग is a city and a Municipality in Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bharatpur (भरतपुर is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan Rustam, a Jat king of the Sogariya clan, had laid the foundation of the modern city of Bharatpur. Rustam may refer to Rostam, a mythical hero of ancient Persia central figure in Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh" epos Roustam Raza, During the British Raj, the princely state of Bharatpur covered an area of 5,123 sq. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British km, and its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state acceded unto the dominion of India in 1947.

Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana of Gohad

According to Cunningham and William Cook, the city of Gohad was founded in 1505 by the Jats of Bamraulia village, who had been forced to leave Bamraulia by a satrap of Firuz Shah Tughluq. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gohad ( Hindi:गोहद, also Gohud, is a city and a Municipality in Bhind Cunningham is a Family name. Notable people with the family name include Abe Cunningham, American drummer Alan Cunningham, British WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gohad ( Hindi:गोहद, also Gohud, is a city and a Municipality in Bhind See also the related deity Satrapes. Satrap (Persian ساتراپ was the name given to the governors of the Provinces of ancient Firuz Shah Tughlaq (also known as Firoz Shah Tughluq ( 1309 - 1388 in Delhi) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty from 1351 The Gohad later developed into an important Jat state, and was later captured by the Marathas. The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day The Jats of Gohad signed a treaty with the British and helped them capture Gwalior and Gohad from the Marathas. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India The British kept Gwalior with them and handed over Gohad to Jats in 1804. ^[65] Gohad was handed over to the Marathas under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between the Marathas and the British. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or As a compensation for Gohad, the Jat ruler Rana Kirat Singh was given Dhaulpur, Badi and Rajakheda; Kirat Singh moved to Dhaulpur in December 1805. Kirat Singh Rana or Rana Kirat Singh was the last Jat ruler of Gohad state ( 1803 - 1805) in Madhya Pradesh, India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of ^[65]

Rana Udaybhanu Singh of Dholpur

In the 10th century, the Jat people took over control of Dholpur, which had earlier been ruled by the Rajputs and the Yadavs. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of Dholpur was taken by Sikandar Lodhi in 1501, who transferred it to a Muslim governor in 1504. Sikandar Lodhi (born Nizam Khan died November 21, 1517) was the second ruler of the Pashtun Lodhi Dynasty. In 1527, the Dholpur fort fell to Babur and continued to be ruled by the Mughals until 1707. Babur ( February 14 1483 - December 26 1530) was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who following a series of setbacks After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Raja Kalyan Singh Bhadauria obtained possession of Dholpur, and his family retained it until 1761. Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, After that, Dholpur was taken successively by the Jat ruler Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur; by Mirza Najaf Khan in 1775; by the Scindia ruler of Gwalior in 1782; and finally, by the British East India Company in 1803. Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. For the School in Gwalior India see Scindia School. For the Italian city see Sindia Italy. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or It was restored by the British to the Scindias under the Treaty of Sarji Anjangaon, but in consequence of new arrangements, was again occupied by the British. In 1806, Dholpur again came under the Jat rulers, when it was handed over to Kirat Singh of Gohad. Dholpur thus became a princely state, a vassal of the British during the Raj. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British

Ballabhgarh was another important princely state established by the Jats of the Tewatia clan, who had come from Janauli vilage. Ballabhgarh is a town in Faridabad District of Haryana, India. Tewatia, Tewathia, Tebatiya, Tevatia or Teotia is Clan or Gotra found in Jats of Haryana, Rajasthan Balram Singh, the brother-in-law of Maharaja Suraj Mal was the first powerful ruler of Ballabhgarh. Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. Raja Nahar Singh (1823–1858) was another notable king of this princely state. Raja Nahar Singh (राजा नाहर सिंह in Hindi (1823 – 1858 was a King of the Princely state of Ballabhgarh in Faridabad District

Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala

Patiala and Nabha were two important Jat states in Punjab, ruled by the Jats of Siddhu clan. Bhupinder Singh ( 12 October, 1891, Patiala &ndash 23 March 1938, Patiala) was the ruling Maharaja of the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Patiala ( Punjabi: ਪਟਿਆਲਾ is a city in the Punjab state of India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nabha is a city and a Municipal council in Patiala district in the Indian state Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Sidhu (ਸਿੱਧੂ siddhū) is a prominent and one of the most influential Jat /Jatt Gotra (clan ^[21] The Jind state in present-day Haryana was founded by the descendants of Phul Jat of Siddhu ancestry. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jind (जींद ( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a town in Jind District, Harayana Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Sidhu (ਸਿੱਧੂ siddhū) is a prominent and one of the most influential Jat /Jatt Gotra (clan ^[21]

Maharaja Ranjit Singh
ca. 1835-40

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) of the Sandhawalia^[21] Jat clan of Punjab became the Sikh emperor of the sovereign country of Punjab and the Sikh Empire. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ also called "Sher-e-Punjab" ("The Lion of the Punjab" (1780-1839 was a Sansi (Sandhawalia is a very small Jat tribe (or Gotra) originally from Rajasthan and now living in Punjab. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c The Sikh Confederacy was a nation that existed from 1716 to 1799 He united the Sikh factions into one state, and conquered vast tracts of territory on all sides of his kingdom. From the capture of Lahore in 1799, he rapidly annexed the rest of the Punjab. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. To secure his empire, he invaded Afghanistan, and defeated the Pathan militias and tribes. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Ranjit Singh took the title of Maharaja on April 12, 1801 (to coincide with Baisakhi day). Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of Lahore served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he took the city of Amritsar. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state In the year 1802, Ranjit Singh successfully invaded Kashmir. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir

Other Jat states of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries included Kuchesar (ruled by the Dalal Jat clan of Mandoti, Haryana), and the Mursan state (the present-day Hathras district in Uttar Pradesh) ruled by the Thenua Jats. Kuchesar was a Zamindari, or princely estate in British India, located in the Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh, at a distance of 80 km Dalal (दलाल is clan or Gotra of Jats found in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mursan is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Hathras district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hathras ( Hindi: हाथरस Urdu: ہاتھرس) is a city and a Municipal Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Thenua (ठेनुवा Thenuva (ठेनुवा Thenewal (ठेनेवाल Thinwal (ठीनवाल is a gotra of jats found

The Jats also briefly ruled at Gwalior and Agra. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, The Jat rulers Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (1707-1756) and Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana (1757-1782) occupied the Gwalior fort twice, Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana from 1740 to 1756, and Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana from 1780 to 1783. Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (1707-1756 was the most powerful ruler of princely state Gohad in northwestern Madhya Pradesh, India. Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana was the ruler of Gohad Jat state in Madhya Pradesh, India. Maharaja Suraj Mal captured Agra Fort on 12 June 1761 and it remained in the possession of Bharatpur rulers till 1774. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a ^[66] After Maharaja Suraj Mal, Maharaja Jawahar Singh, Maharaja Ratan Singh and Maharaja Kehri Singh (minor) under resident ship of Maharaja Nawal Singh ruled over Agra Fort. Maharaja Jawahar Singh (reigned 1763-1768 ( Hindi: महाराजा जवाहर सिंह was ruler of Bharatpur state. Maharaja Ratan Singh ( Hindi: महाराजा रतन सिंह was the ruler of Princely state of Bharatpur (1768-1769 Maharaja Kehri Singh was the ruler of Princely state of Bharatpur (1769-1771 Maharaja Nawal Singh was the ruler of Princely state Bharatpur ( 1771 - 1776) Agra Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, India.

Genetics

A recent study of the people of Indian Punjab, where about 40% or more of the population are Jats, suggest that the Jat people are similar to other populations of the Indus Valley. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd The study involved a genealogical DNA test which examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutations in a single DNA "letter") on the Y chromosome (which occurs only in males). Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of Nucleotides are Organic compounds that consist of three joined structures a nitrogenous base a Sugar, and a Phosphate group The Y chromosome is the sex-determining Chromosome in most Mammals including Humans In mammals it contains the gene SRY, which triggers Jats share many common haplotypes with German, Slavic, Baltic, Iranian, and Central Asian groups. The term haplotype is a contraction of the term " haploid Genotype. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Balts or Baltic peoples (People who live by the Baltic Sea) defined as speakers of one of the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south It found Jat people share only two haplotypes, one of which is also shared with the population of present-day Turkey, and have few matches with neighbouring Pakistani populations. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ^[67] This haplotype shared between the two Jat groups may be part of an Indo-Aryan (or Indo-European) genetic contribution to these populations, where as the haplotypes shared with other Eurasian populations may be due to the contribution of Indo-European Scythians (Saka, Massagetae) or White Huns. The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic The Sakas ( English form of Old Iranian Sakā, Nominative plural masculine case; Ancient Greek Σάκαι, The Massageteans ( Massagetai; Massagetae or Massagetaeans were an Iranian people of antiquity known primarily from the writings of Herodotus The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy ^[67] (These groups may of course all have been branches of a larger ethnic complex). However using the same database Jat people share many haplotypes (within the R1a haplogroup) with Southern Indians. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Hence it seems as far as haplogroup R1a is concerned Jat people, many Europeans and Southern Indians, but not non-Punjabi Pakistani populations, share a common recent history (based on R1a1 haplotypes). South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union A Subclade of R1, R1a is a Y-chromosome haplogroup found at high frequency in the extreme north of India among the Kashmiri Pandits The R1a marker on it own or in its entirety is not indicative of the spread of Indo-European/Scythian populations. A Subclade of R1, R1a is a Y-chromosome haplogroup found at high frequency in the extreme north of India among the Kashmiri Pandits ^[67]

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Jat people contain haplogroups typical of North India, Pakistan, and West Asia. In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. Geography Northern India lies mainly on continental India and a very small part of it lies on the Indian peninsula Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. This indicates that for the female mtDNA, there is very little connection with Central Asian or northwest European populations, even though Jats share manyY-SNP markers with these populations. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Hence this may indicate that there has been male migration in or out of the Jat population in 'historical' times.

Jat people today

Today, besides agriculture, Jat people are engaged in blue and white-collar jobs, trade and commerce. Though they continue to be a rural populace, their presence in towns and district headquarters can be noted due to migration, which undoubtedly explains their distance from agriculture and animal husbandry. ^[68]

Jat people are considered a Forward class in the vast majority of states in India, with a few exceptions in a small number of areas were they are Other Backward Class (OBC). " Forward class " is used in India generally to denote communities and Castes from any religion who do not currently qualify for Government of India The Central Government of India classifies some of its citizens based on their social and economic condition as Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Class In Rajasthan, the Jat people are classified as OBC, except in Bharatpur and Dhaulpur districts. Bharatpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. Dholpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. ^[69] In Rajasthan the Jat people are a wealthy and rich section of society but the BJP in 1999 in order to win their votes gave them OBC for political reasons. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political ^[70] Some specific clans of Jats are classified as OBC in some states. Eg. Muslim Jats in Gujarat^[71] and Mirdha Jat people (except Muslim Jats) in Madhya Pradesh. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often ^[72] Land reforms, particularly the abolition of Jagirdari and Zamindari systems, Panchayati Raj and Green revolution, to which Jat people have been major contributors, have immensely contributed to the economic betterment of the Jat people. In Pakistan and India, a Jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years but not extending beyond Zamindar ( Devanagari: ज़मींदार zamīndār, Urdu: زمیندار zamīndār, Eastern Nagari: জমিদার The Panchayat is a South Asian Political system. ‘Panchayat’ literally means assembly ( yat) of five ( panch) wise and respected elders chosen The Green Revolution refers to the transformation of Agriculture that began in 1945 at the request of the Mexican government to establish an agricultural research station to

Adult franchise has created enormous social and political awakening among Jat people. Consolidation of economic gains and participation in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of north India. However since demise of Charan Singh and Devi Lal and rise of OBC and BSP their influence is on decline. Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 &ndash 29 May 1987 was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980 Chaudhari Devi Lal (1914-2001 (चौधरी देवी लाल was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, Chief Minister of the state of Haryana Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed amongst Jats. ^[73]

Life and culture of Jat people

Main article: Life and culture of Jats

A typical Jat chaupal in a village smoking a hubble-bubble (hooka)

The Life and culture of Jats is full of diversity and approaches most closely to that ascribed to the traditional Aryan colonists of India. The Life and culture of Jats is full of diversity and approaches most closely to that ascribed to the traditional Aryan colonists of India A hookah (हुक़्क़ा حقّہ hukkah) is a single or multi-stemmed (often glass-based water pipe for Smoking. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" ^[23][74] The Jat lifestyle was designed to foster a martial spirit. Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial) (March 1 40 AD - ca ^[75] Whenever they lost their kingdoms, Jat people retired to the country-side and became landed barons and the landlords with their swords girded round their waists. ^[23] They would draw the sword out of the scabbard at the command of their panchayat to fight with the invaders. The Panchayat is a South Asian Political system. ‘Panchayat’ literally means assembly ( yat) of five ( panch) wise and respected elders chosen Jat people have a history of being brave and ready fighters. ^[23] They are fiercely independent in character and value their self respect more than anything, which is why they offered heavy resistance against any foreign force that treated them unjustly. ^[23] They are known for their pride, bravery and readyness to sacrifice their lives in battle for their people and kinsmen. ^[76] In the government of their villages, they appear much more democratic. they have less reverence for hereditary right and a preference for elected headmen. ^[23]

Food habits

In Gujarat, Rajasthan and part of Haryana Jat people are mostly vegetarians. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea Some practise the Arya Samaj sect of Hinduism. Arya Samaj ( Sanskrit ārya samāja sa आर्य समाज " Noble Society" is a Hindu reform movement founded in India Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Their staple food is wheat or bajra (pearl millet), vegetables and plenty of milk and ghee. Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of Millet. The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Ghee ( Hindi घी ghī, Urdu گھی ghī, Punjabi ਘਿਉ/گھیو ghiu, Kashmiri ग्याव/گیاو ^[77] In Punjab, the Jats usually eat meat, especially goat meat. Punjabi Jat people are also fond of spinach with cornflour roti. However, food habits within individual families can be completely different, so no universal "Jat diet" can be identified. Mathura's Jat people are pure vegetarian. Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Their food includes dal, milk, ghee, matha, and bajri ki rootia. Dal (also spelled dahl, dhal or daal) ( Devanagari दाल Telugu పప్పు Bangla দ্দাল is a preparation Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Ghee ( Hindi घी ghī, Urdu گھی ghī, Punjabi ਘਿਉ/گھیو ghiu, Kashmiri ग्याव/گیاو Some Jats consider non-vegetarian food undesirable, but many Jats, particularly the ones who belonged to the martial/warrior stock and defied Brahmin orthodoxy, customarily ate meat. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. For instance, meat is part of regular diet for Jat Sikhs and segments of Warrior clan Hindu Jats (now scattered in parts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh) who formed part of the erstwhile Jat royalty/aristocracy/nobility. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U No doubt meat consumption was essential for sustained warfare and only the purely agrarian Jats of peaceful farming habits who did not have much to do by way of taking to martial ways and adversities of wars, could remain purely vegetarian.

To an extent, the incidence of Jat meat consumption is higher in areas where Jats have historically had higher social status, particularly during the medieval/aristocratic periods. For instance, meat consumption is particularly high in the Punjab region (including modern day Haryana), where the king was a Jat, and is almost non-existent in Rajasthan (except in Bharatpur and Dholpur, where there was likewise a Jat king). Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of

Jat people Organizations

Main article: Khap

The Jats have always organized themselves into hundreds of patrilineage clans, Panchayat system or Khap. Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the For the Wasp Genus, see Gotra (wasp A Gotra is the Lineage The Panchayat is a South Asian Political system. ‘Panchayat’ literally means assembly ( yat) of five ( panch) wise and respected elders chosen Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the A clan was based on one small gotra or a number of related gotras under one elected leader whose word was law. A clan is a group of People united by Kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor For the Wasp Genus, see Gotra (wasp A Gotra is the Lineage ^[78]The big Jat clans now are so big that individual in them are only related to each other by individual that lived typically hundreds years ago. Mutual quarrels of any intensity could be settled by orders of Jat elders. In times of danger, the whole clan rallied under the banner of the leader. The Jat Khap or Panchayat "system is territorial and highly democratic. Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the District and a number of Khaps form a 'Sarva Khap' embracing a full province or state. Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the Negotiations with anyone were done - at 'Sarva Khap' level. Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the

In addition to the conventional Sarva Khap Panchayat, there are regional Jat Mahasabhas affiliated to the All India Jat Mahasabha to organize and safeguard the interests of the community, which held its meeting at regional and national levels to take stock of their activities and devise practical ways and means for the amelioration of the community. Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the The Panchayat is a South Asian Political system. ‘Panchayat’ literally means assembly ( yat) of five ( panch) wise and respected elders chosen See also Jat people Jat Mahasabha ( Hindi:जाट महासभा or All India Jat Mahasabha ( Hindi:अखिल भारतीय All India is a phrase used to refer the all the states/regions of India together esp See also Jat people Jat Mahasabha ( Hindi:जाट महासभा or All India Jat Mahasabha ( Hindi:अखिल भारतीय ^[79]

The Association of Jats of America (AJATA) is the main Jat people organization of North America. ^[80] It performs as the main body, forum and lobby for Jat people issues in North America.

The North American Jat Charities (NAJC) is one of the main Jat people Charities of North America. It performs as a charity for the welfare Jat people in North America. ^[81]

Social customs of Jat people

Main article: Social customs of Jats

Jat marriage:Toran ceremony

Tejaji fairs are organized in all areas inhabited by Jats

All Jats, irrespective of their official or financial positions in life, have equal social status . The social customs of Jats are those of Vedic Aryans. All Jats irrespective of their official or financial positions in life have equal social status Toran is the name in Hindustani (Skr torana, from tor, pass of a sacred or honorific gateway in Buddhist Architecture. Veer Teja ( Hindi:वीर तेजा or Tejaji ( Hindi:तेजाजी (1074- 1103 was a folk-deity who lived in the state of Rajasthan

The only criterion of superiority is age. The Jat people are ethnically and culturally required to marry within their community. With the advancement of modern civilization, as people are becoming less dependent upon and more tolerant towards each other, the joint family system is going out of vogue. A Civilization is a society in which large numbers of people share a variety of common elements It is still prevalent in the less advanced areas.

Religion

Jat people are followers of many faiths. Today they follow Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century As per Indian caste system Jat people are classified in Hinduism as Kshatriyas. Caste (Sanskrit Gyati ज्ञाति, Hindi Biradari बिरादरी samaj समाज jati जाति etc, Urdu Zat ज़ात) is an Endogamous group Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Kshatriya (क्षत्रिय kṣatriya from क्षत्र kṣatra) is one of the four varnas (social orders in Hinduism In the early 21st century the Jat constituted about 20 percent of the population of Punjab, nearly 10 percent of the population of Balochistan, Rajasthan, and Delhi, and from 2 to 5 percent of the populations of Sindh, Northwest Frontier, and Uttar Pradesh. The four million Jat of Pakistan are mainly Muslim by faith; the nearly six million Jat of India are mostly divided into two large groups of about equal strength: one Sikh, concentrated in Punjab, the other Hindu. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical ^[82]

The Jat Muslims in the western regions are organized in hundreds of groups tracing their descent through paternal lines; they are mostly camel herders or labourers. Those of India and of the Punjabi areas of Pakistan are more often landlord farmers. Numerically, Jats form the largest percentage of the Sikh community. Some scholars attribute Sikh military tradition largely to its Jat heritage. ^[83]

Language

Jat people usually speak Hindi and its dialects (Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Malvi), Punjabi and its dialects, Urdu, Dogri, Sindhi or Gujarati. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Rajasthani (राजस्थानी is a language or language cluster Bagri: about five million speakers in Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar districts of Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. Malvi is the language of the Malwa region of India, with more than a million speakers Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Not to be confused with the Dogrib language. Dogri (डोगरी or ڈوگرى is an Indo-Aryan Language spoken by Sindhis ( Sindhi: سنڌي) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh in Pakistan. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? Sikh and Muslim Jats from the Punjab mostly speak Punjabi and its various dialects (such as Maajhi, Malwi, Doabi,Saraiki, Pothohari, and Jhangochi). Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Majhi or Majhaili is referred to as the standard Dialect of Punjabi language originating from the Majha region of Punjab Malvi is the language of the Malwa region of India, with more than a million speakers A Doab ( Persian, Urdu: dō, "two" + āb, "water" or "river" is a term used in India and Potwari or Pothohari can refer to An inhabitant of Potwar (Pothohar a plateau in northern Pakistan The Potwari language (Pothohari Jhangochi (جھنگوچی is the oldest and most idiosyncretic dialect of the Punjabi language. (See - Haryanavi Language & Rajasthani_Language)

List of Jat People Clans

Main article: List of Jat Clans

The Jat people clan names are unique in South Asia. See also Jat people See also Jat clan system The Clan names of the Jats are generally unique in India, but some do overlap with However, some of their clan names do overlap with the Rajputs and Gujars. ^[84] List of Jat Clans have been compiled by many Jat historians like Ompal Singh Tugania,^[85] Bhaleram Beniwal^[86][87] Dr Mahendra Singh Arya and others,^[88] Thakur Deshraj,^[89] Dilip Singh Ahlawat,^[90] Ram Swarup Joon^[91] etc. See also Jat people See also Jat clan system The Clan names of the Jats are generally unique in India, but some do overlap with The above lists have more than 2700 Jat gotras. Thakur Deshraj, Ram Swarup Joon and Dilip Singh Ahlawat have mentioned history of some of Jat gotras. Thakur Deshraj ( Hindi: ठाकुर देशराज (1903-1970 was a social worker nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. Ram Swarup Joon ( Devanagari: रामस्वरुप जून is a Jat historian Some websites of Jats have also prepared list of Jat Gotras with details of history and distriburion. ^[92]

Famous Jat people

Main article: List of famous Jats

The Jat people have produced famous personalities in all the fields of life such as Rajas, Politicians, Generals, Administrators, Actors, Freedom fighters, Reformers, Technocrats, Players, Industrialists and Businessmen. The Jat (Jatt or Jutt جاٹ یا جٹ people is a 31 million strong Ethnic group spread over of north west India and Pakistan and with large populations living in the EU

Jats in popular culture

• The "Jat Lancer" is a mercenary Indian cavalry unit in the Age of Empires. Age of Empires is a series of computer Video games developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios. ^[93]

• Maula Jat is one of the most popular films in the history of Pakistani cinema. Maula Jatt ( Punjabi: مولا جٹ) is one of the most popular films in the history Pakistani cinema It has been described as a kind of Pakistani/Western style movie, the story mostly revolves around the clashes between Maula Jat. ^[94]

• Many Punjabi songs are written around evey day life of Jat people. Official Website Punjab is a region in the world which has a diverse style of Music.

• The 1975 Hindi film Pratigya had a popular song Main Jat Yamla Pagla shot on Dharmendra a Jat himself and acted as a Jat person role in the film. Pratigya is a 1975 Indian Hindi film Produced by Dharmendra and B Dharamendra Singh Deol (धर्मेन्द्र सिंह देओल (ਧਰਮਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਿਉਲ born 8 December 1935 in ^[95]

• Ghulami (1985), Indian Hindi movie by Dharmendra, focuses on the caste and feudal system in Rajasthan and a rebellion started by Dharmendra, as a Jat youth, against the Jagirdars. Ghulami is an 1985 Indian Hindi movie directed by JP Dutta. The film had an ensemble cast comprising of Dharmendra, Mithun Chakraborty, Mazhar Khan Dharamendra Singh Deol (धर्मेन्द्र सिंह देओल (ਧਰਮਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਿਉਲ born 8 December 1935 in

• Veer Tejaji is a Rajasthani language movie, based on the life of Tejaji, made in the 1980’s. Veer Tejaji is a Rajasthani language movie, based on the life of Tejaji, made in the 1982 Rajasthani (राजस्थानी is a language or language cluster Bagri: about five million speakers in Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar districts of Veer Teja ( Hindi:वीर तेजा or Tejaji ( Hindi:तेजाजी (1074- 1103 was a folk-deity who lived in the state of Rajasthan It shows the life of Jat people and their position in the society in eleventh century.

• Heer Ranjha is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. For 1970 Hindi movie of same name and characters see Heer Raanjha Heer Ranjha (ਹੀਰ ਰਾਂਝਾ ہیر رانجھا hīr rāñjhā) is one It tells the story of the love of Heer and her lover Ranjha. Heer Saleti is an extremely beautiful woman, born into a wealthy Jat family of the Sials clan. Sial ( Punjabi: ਸਯਾਲ سیال, Sindhi: स्याल سيال) is a Punjabi tribe originating and predominantly Ranjha (whose first name is Dheedo; Ranjha is the surname), also a Jat, is the youngest of four brothers and lives in the village 'Takht Hazara' by the river Chenab. For 1970 Hindi movie of same name and characters see Heer Raanjha Heer Ranjha (ਹੀਰ ਰਾਂਝਾ ہیر رانجھا hīr rāñjhā) is one HeadMarala3jpg|200px|right|thumb|A View of Marala Headworks on Chenab near Sialkot]] The Chenab River (ਚਨਾਬ, चनाब چناب literally 'Moon(

Photo gallery

Jat people: The Sixth Prime Minister of India Choudhary Charan Singh. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 &ndash 29 May 1987 was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980	Jat people: Former Deputy Prime Minister of India Chaudhari Devi Lal. The Deputy Prime Minister of India is a member of the Indian cabinet in the Indian government. Chaudhari Devi Lal (1914-2001 (चौधरी देवी लाल was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, Chief Minister of the state of Haryana	Jat people: Dhanna Bhagat. Dhanna Bhagat (धन्ना भगत was a charitable person and devotee of God with divine powers	Jat people: Gurdas Maan.
Jat people: Parasram Maderna. Shri Parasram Maderna (born July 23, 1926) is a leader of Indian National Congress from Rajasthan, India.	Jat people: Mansukh Ranwa. Mansukh Ranwa ( Hindi:मनसुख रणवां (also Manusukh Ranwa Manu is a Hindi poet and author from Sikar district in Rajasthan.	Jat people: Mahendra Singh Tikait. Mahendra Singh Tikait is a popular leader of Farmers from Uttar Pradesh in India.	Jat people: Maharaja Kishan Singh. Maharaja Sir Kishan Singh, KCSI (born 1899 – death 1929 was the ruler of Princely state Bharatpur (1918 - 1929 and successor of Maharani Girraj
Jat people: Raja Ram Jat. Raja Ram (1670 – 1688 ( राजा राम) was a Jat leader and organizer of rebellion for freedom against Aurangzeb.	Jat people: Dr. Giri Raj Singh Sirohi. Giri Raj Singh Sirohi was the first Indian to set foot on Antarctica.	Jat people: former Indian Foreign Minister K. Natwar Singh. The External Affairs Minister or the Indian Foreign Minister is a position of office at cabinet level within the Government of India. Kunwar Natwar Singh, popularly known as K Natwar Singh (born May 16, 1931, Jaghina Bharatpur, Rajastan, India) is	Jat people: Daulatram Saran. Daulatram Saran (दौलतराम सारण (born 13 January 1924) is a parliamentarian and popular former leader of in India.
Jat people: Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya. Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya (1914-1995 (चौधरी कुम्भाराम आर्यwas a freedom fighter, parliamentarian and popular leader of farmers	Jat people: Natthan Singh. Natthan Singh is an author of Hindi literature, a Novelist and a Jat historian	Jat people: Sardar Singh Agre. Sardar Singh Agre ( Hindi:सरदारसिंह अग्रे is a political leader from Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh.	Jat people: Jawahar Singh. Maharaja Jawahar Singh (reigned 1763-1768 ( Hindi: महाराजा जवाहर सिंह was ruler of Bharatpur state.
Jat people: Rae Ahmed Nawaz Khan Kharal. Rai Ahmed Khan Kharal was one of the greatest freedom fighters in the Indian rebellion of 1857.	Jat people: Swami Omanand Sarswati. Swami Omanand Sarswati (1910 - 2003 was a Freedom fighter, Educator, Historian and a social worker from Haryana	Jat people: Justice Mahavir Singh. Justice Mahavir Singh (1920-1997 was a popular justice an authority of law and social reformer of India.	Jat people: Raja Mahendra Pratap. Raja Mahendra Pratap (1886-1979 was a Freedom fighter, Journalist, Writer and Revolutionary

References

Futher reading

• Rattan Singh Bhangoo. Prachin Panth Parkash, Punjabi, Published in 1841.
• Bal Kishan Dabas. Political and Social History of the Jats". Sanjay Prakashan, 2001. ISBN 81-7453-045-2
• Dharampal Singh Dudee. Indian Army History: France to Kargil. 2001.
• Dharampal Singh Dudee. Navin Jat History. Shaheed Dham Trust, Bhiwani, Haryana, India.
• Dr Kanungo. History of the Jats.
• Dr Natthan Singh. Jat-Itihas. Jat Samaj Kalyan Parishad, Gwalior, 2004.
• Hukum Singh Panwar (Pauria). The Jats: Their Origin, Antiquity & Migrations. Manthan Publications, Rohtak, Haryana. ISBN 81-85235-22-8
• K. Natwar Singh. Kunwar Natwar Singh, popularly known as K Natwar Singh (born May 16, 1931, Jaghina Bharatpur, Rajastan, India) is Maharaja Suraj Mal. Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India.
• Dr. Prakash Chandra Chandawat. Maharaja Suraj Mal Aur Unka Yug (1745-1763). Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. Jaypal Agencies, Agra. 1982. (in Hindi)
• Raj Pal Singh. Rise of the Jat Power. Harman Pub. House. ISBN 81-85151-05-9
• Aadhunik Jat Itihas. Dharmpal Singh Dudee & Dr Mahinder Singh Arya. Jaypal Agency, Agra. 1998.
• Ram Swaroop Joon. History of the Jats.
• Shashi Prabha Gupta. Demographic Differentials Among the Rajputs and the Jats: A Socio-Biological Study of Rural Haryana. Classical Pub. House. ISBN 81-7054-180-8
• Thakur Deshraj Jat Itihasa Maharaja Suraj Mal. Thakur Deshraj ( Hindi: ठाकुर देशराज (1903-1970 was a social worker nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707&ndash1763 ( Devanagari:महाराजा सूरज मल was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi. 1936. (in Hindi)
• Girish Chandra Dwivedi The Jats - Their Role in the Mughal Empire. Surajmal Educational Society, New Delhi, India. ISBN- 81-7031-150-0.
• Dr. Atal Singh Khokkar. Jaton ki Utpati evam Vistar. Jaipal Agencies, 31-1 Subashpuram, Agra, UP, India 282007. 2002.
• Chaudhary Kabul Singh. Sarv Khap Itihasa (History of the Jat Republic). Khap ( Hindi:खाप IAST: khāpa and Sarv Khap (सर्व खाप was a system of social administration and organization in the Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. Shoram, Muzzafarnagar, U. P. India. 1976.
• Nihal Singh Arya. Sarv Khap Panchayat ka Rastriya Parakram (The National Role of the Jat Republic of Haryana). Arya mandal, B 11 Om Mandal, Nangloi, New Delhi, India. 1991
• Mangal sen Jindal. History of Origin of Some Clans in India (with special Reference to Jats). Sarup & Sons, 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002. ISBN 81-85431-08-6
• Dr Vir Singh. The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India. Surajmal Educational Society, D K Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2004. ISBN 81-88629-16-2
• Professor B. S. Dhillon History and study of the Jats, Beta Publishers. 1994. ISBN 1895603021

See also

• Indo-Scythians
• Jat Regiment
• Indo-Aryans
• Jat clan system

External links

Jat people at the Open Directory Project