Jane Fonda
Jane Fonda, March 1990
Born	Jayne Seymour Fonda December 21, 1937 (1937-12-21) (age 70) New York City, USA
Years active	1960-present
Spouse(s)	Roger Vadim (1965-1973) Tom Hayden (1973-1990) Ted Turner (1991–2001)

Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American two-time Academy Award-winning actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Roger Vadim, born Roger Vladimir Plemiannikov (26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000 was a French Journalist, Author, Actor, Screenwriter Thomas Emmet Hayden (born December 11 1939) is an American social and political activist and politician most famous for his involvement Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change Physical fitness is used in two close meanings general fitness (a state of Health and well-being and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability She rose to fame in the 1960s with films such as Barbarella and Cat Ballou and has appeared in films ever since. Barbarella is a 1968 erotic sci-fi film directed by Roger Vadim and based on the French Barbarella comics Cat Ballou is a 1965 comedy-western film which tells the story of a woman who hires a famous gunman to avenge her father's murder but finds that the man she She has won two Academy Awards and received several other awards and nominations. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. She initially announced her retirement from acting in 1991, and said for many years that she would never act again, but she returned to film in 2005 with Monster in Law, and later Georgia Rule, released in 2007. Monster-in-Law is a 2005 Romantic comedy film, directed by Robert Luketic. Georgia Rule is a 2007 Comedy-drama Film directed by Garry Marshall and starring Jane Fonda, Lindsay Lohan She also produced and starred in several exercise videos released between 1982 and 1995.

Fonda has served as an activist for many political causes, one of the most notable and controversial of which was her opposition to the Vietnam War. A controversy or dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statements of accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal that disagrees with argues against The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia She has also protested the Iraq War and violence against women. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign She describes herself as a liberal and a feminist. Social liberalism, also called new liberalism (as it was originally termed high liberalism radical liberalism, modern liberalism, or Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Since 2001, Fonda has been a Christian. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth She published an autobiography in 2005 and currently resides in Atlanta, Georgia.

Biography

Fonda was born in New York City, the daughter of actor Henry Fonda and socialite Frances Ford Seymour, and named Jayne Seymour Fonda. The City of New York Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American Academy Award -winning Film and Frances Ford Seymour ( April 14, 1908 – April 14 1950) was a New York City Socialite, the second wife of actor Henry Henry Fonda had distant Dutch ancestry, and the surname Fonda originates from Friesland, a northern province of the Netherlands. The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known ^[1] The "Lady" part of Jane Fonda's name was apparently inspired by Lady Jane Seymour, to whom she is distantly related on her mother's side. Jane Seymour (1508– 24 October 1537) was Queen Consort of England and the third wife of Henry VIII. Her brother, Peter Fonda (born 1940), and her niece Bridget Fonda (born 1964), are also actors. Peter Henry Fonda (born February 23[[ 940]] is an American actor Bridget Jane Fonda (born January 27, 1964) is an Emmy - and Golden Globe Award -nominated American actress. She has an older half-sister, Frances Brokaw, as well as an adopted sister, Amy.

When Fonda was 12 years old, her mother committed suicide after voluntarily seeking treatment at a psychiatric hospital. A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is ^[2] After Seymour's suicide, Henry Fonda married Susan Blanchard; this marriage ended in divorce. For the actress from All My Children, see Susan Blanchard (actress.

Fonda attended Greenwich Academy in Greenwich, CT. Greenwich Academy is an independent all-girls college preparatory day school located in Greenwich Connecticut

Acting career

Before starting her acting career, Fonda was a fashion model, gracing the cover of Vogue twice. A model is a person who is posed or displayed for the purpose of Art, Fashion, or other products and Advertising. Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. Fonda became interested in acting in 1954, while appearing with her father in a charity performance of The Country Girl, at the Omaha Community Theatre. She attended The Emma Willard School in Troy, New York and Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, where she was an undistinguished student. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Vassar College is a private Coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. Poughkeepsie (pəˈkɪpsiː is a City in New York, USA and serves as the County seat of Dutchess County, located in the Hudson Subsequently she was introduced by her father to renowned drama teacher Lee Strasberg in 1958, and subsequently joined his Actors Studio. Lee Strasberg ( November 17, 1901 – February 17, 1982) was an Academy Award -nominated Austro-Hungarian - American The Actors Studio is a membership Organization for Professional Actors theatre directors and Playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in

1960s

Her stage work in the late 1950s laid the foundation for her film career in the 1960s. She averaged almost two movies a year throughout the decade, starting in 1960 with Tall Story, in which she recreated one of her Broadway roles as a college cheerleader pursuing a basketball star, played by Anthony Perkins. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Anthony Perkins ( April 4, 1932 – September 12, 1992) was an Academy Award -nominated Golden Globe -winning American Period of Adjustment and Walk on the Wild Side followed in 1962. Period of Adjustment is a 1960 play by Tennessee Williams that was adapted for the screen in 1962, in a film directed by George Roy Hill and A Walk on the Wild Side is a 1956 novel by Nelson Algren, most often quoted as the source for Algren's "three rules of life" "Never play In A Walk on the Wild Side, Fonda played a prostitute, and earned a Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner

In 1963, she appeared in Sunday in New York. Sunday in New York ( 1963) is a American Comedy film directed by Peter Tewksbury and starring Cliff Robertson, Jane Newsday called her "the loveliest and most gifted of all our new young actresses". Newsday is a daily Tabloid -size Pulitzer Prize winning Newspaper that primarily serves Long Island and the New York City However, she also had her detractors—in the same year, the Harvard Lampoon named her the "Year's Worst Actress". The Harvard Lampoon is an Undergraduate humor publication and social organization founded in 1876 at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts Fonda's career breakthrough came with Cat Ballou (1965), in which she played a schoolmarm turned outlaw. Cat Ballou is a 1965 comedy-western film which tells the story of a woman who hires a famous gunman to avenge her father's murder but finds that the man she This comedy Western received five Oscar nominations and was one of the year's top ten films at the box office. The Western is a fiction Genre seen in Film, Television, Radio, Literature, Painting and other Visual arts. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. It was considered by many to have been the film that brought Fonda to stardom at the age of twenty-eight. After this came the comedies Any Wednesday (1966) and Barefoot in the Park (1967), the latter co-starring Robert Redford. Any Wednesday is a 1966 comedy film directed by Robert Ellis Miller, starring Jason Robards, Jane Fonda and Dean Jones. Barefoot in the Park is a 1967 American Comedy film. Based on Neil Simon 's 1963 play of the same title, it focuses Charles Robert Redford Jr (born August 18 1936) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, Actor,

In 1968, she played the lead role in the science fiction spoof Barbarella, which established her status as a sex symbol. Barbarella is a 1968 erotic sci-fi film directed by Roger Vadim and based on the French Barbarella comics A sex symbol is a famous person of either gender typically an Actor, Musician, model, Teen idol, or Sports star In contrast, the tragedy They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) won her critical acclaim, and she earned her first Oscar nomination for the role. For other uses see They Shoot Horses Don't They? They Shoot Horses Don't They? is a 1969 American Fonda was very selective by the end of the 1960s, turning down lead roles in Rosemary's Baby and Bonnie and Clyde. Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror / thriller Film written and directed by Roman Polanski. Bonnie and Clyde is a American Crime film about Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, the bank robbers who operated in the Central United States

1970s

Fonda won her first Academy Award for Best Actress in 1971, again playing a prostitute, the gamine Bree Daniel, in the murder mystery Klute. Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to Gamine is a French word the feminine form of gamin, originally meaning urchin, Waif or playful naughty child Klute is a 1971 Film which tells the story of a prostitute who assists a detective in solving a mystery She won her second Oscar in 1978 for Coming Home, the story of a disabled Vietnam War veteran's difficulty in re-entering civilian life. Coming Home is a 1978 Drama film which tells the story of an injured Vietnam War veteran's difficulty in re-entering civilian life ^[3]

Between Klute in 1971 and Fun With Dick and Jane in 1977, Fonda spent most of the first half of the decade without a major film success, even though she appeared in films such as A Doll's House (1973), Steelyard Blues and The Blue Bird (1976). Fun with Dick and Jane is a 1977 romantic comedy film starring George Segal and Jane Fonda as an upper-middle class couple who turn to crime A Doll's House is a 1973 Franco - British Movie directed by Joseph Losey. Steelyard Blues is a 1973 comedy crime film starring Donald Sutherland, Jane Fonda and Peter Boyle. The Blue Bird is a 1976 Children's film ( Cinema) directed by George Cukor, with a screenplay by Hugh Whitemore based on From comments ascribed to her in interviews, some have inferred that she personally blamed the situation on anger at her outspoken political views - "I can't say I was blacklisted, but I was greylisted. "^[4] However, in her 2005 autobiography, My Life So Far, it would appear that she categorically rejects such simplification. "The suggestion is that because of my actions against the war my career had been destroyed . . . But the truth is that my career, far from being destroyed after the war, flourished with a vigor it had not previously enjoyed. "^[5] From her own point of view, her absence from the silver screen was related more to the fact that her political activism provided a new focus in her life. By the same token her return to acting with a series of 'issue-driven' films was a reflection of this new focus. "When I hear admonitions . . . warning outspoken actors to remember 'what happened to Jane Fonda back in the seventies', this has me scratching my head: And what would that be. . . ?"

In 1972, Fonda starred as a reporter alongside Yves Montand in Jean-Luc Godard and Jean-Pierre Gorin's film Just Great. Yves Montand (iv mɔ̃ˈtɑ̃ in French ( 13 October 1921 &ndash 9 November 1991) was an Italian -born French Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague Jean-Pierre Gorin (born 1943 in Paris) is a French Filmmaker and Professor, best known for his work with Nouvelle Vague Tout va bien is a 1972 film directed by Jean-Luc Godard and collaborator Jean-Pierre Gorin starring Jane Fonda and Yves Montand The film's directors then made Letter to Jane, in which the two spend nearly an hour discussing a news photograph of Fonda. Letter to Jane (1972 is a postscript film to Tout va bien directed by Jean-Luc Godard and Jean-Pierre Gorin and made under the

Through her production company, IPC Films, she produced films that helped return her to star status. The 1977 comedy film Fun With Dick and Jane is generally considered her "comeback" picture. Fun with Dick and Jane is a 1977 romantic comedy film starring George Segal and Jane Fonda as an upper-middle class couple who turn to crime She also received positive reviews and an Oscar nomination for her portrayal of playwright Lillian Hellman in the 1977 film, Julia. Lillian Florence Hellman ( June 20, 1905 &ndash June 30, 1984) was an American playwright linked throughout her life with many Julia is a 1977 Film Drama made by 20th Century Fox. It is based on Lillian Hellman 's book Pentimento ^[3] During this period, Fonda announced that she would make films only that focused on important issues, and she generally stuck to her word. She turned down An Unmarried Woman because she felt the part was not relevant. An Unmarried Woman is a 1978 dramatic film that tells the story of the wealthy New York wife Erica ( Jill Clayburgh) whose “perfect” She followed with popular and successful films such as The China Syndrome (1979), about a cover-up of an accident in a nuclear power plant; and The Electric Horseman (1979) with her previous co-star, Robert Redford. The China Syndrome is a 1979 Thriller film which tells the story of a reporter and cameraman who discover safety coverups at a Nuclear power Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions The Electric Horseman is a 1979 adventure and romance film starring Robert Redford and Jane Fonda and directed by Charles Robert Redford Jr (born August 18 1936) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, Actor,

1980s

In 1980, Fonda starred in Nine to Five with Lily Tomlin and Dolly Parton. Nine to Five, also known as 9 to 5, is a 1980 American comedy movie starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin Mary Jean “Lily” Tomlin (born September 1 1939 is an American Actress, Comedian, Writer and producer who has won several Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American Country music Singer / Songwriter, Author, actress The film was one of Fonda's greatest commercial successes.

Fonda had long wanted to work with her father, hoping it would help their strained relationship. ^[3] She achieved this goal when she purchased the screen rights to the play On Golden Pond specifically for her father and herself. On Golden Pond is a play by Ernest Thompson. The plot focuses on aging couple Ethel and Norman Thayer who spend each summer at their home on a lake called Golden ^[6] The film, which also starred Katharine Hepburn, brought Henry Fonda his only Academy Award for Best Actor, which Jane accepted on his behalf, as he was ill and home bound. On Golden Pond is a 1981 American Drama film directed by Mark Rydell. Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12 1907 – June 29 2003 was an American actress of film television and stage Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to recognize He died five months later. ^[3]

Fonda continued appearing in feature films throughout the 1980s, most notably her role of Dr. Martha Livingston in Agnes of God. Agnes of God is a play by John Pielmeier which tells the story of a Novice Nun who gives birth and insists that the dead child was She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of an alcoholic murder suspect in the 1986 thriller The Morning After. Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions The Morning After is a 1986 film which tells the story of an alcoholic woman who wakes up after a long drinking bout to find a murdered man in the bed next She finished off the decade by appearing in Old Gringo, for which she received a worst actress Razzie nomination. Old Gringo is a 1989 film directed by Luis Puenzo and co-written with Aída Bortnik, based on the novel Gringo Viejo by

Exercise videos

For many years, Fonda was a ballet enthusiast, but after fracturing her foot while filming The China Syndrome, she was no longer able to participate. Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance To compensate, she began actively participating in aerobics and strengthening exercises under the direction of Leni Cazden. Aerobics is a form of Physical exercise that combines rhythmic Aerobic exercise with Stretching and Strength training routines with the The Leni Workout became the Jane Fonda Workout and thus a second career for her, which continued for many years. ^[3]

In 1982, Fonda released her first exercise video, titled Jane Fonda's Workout, inspired by her best-selling book, Jane Fonda's Workout Book. The Jane Fonda's Workout video eventually sold 17 million copies, the most of any home video ever. ^[3] The video's release led many people to buy the then-new VCR, in order to watch and perform the workout in the privacy and convenience of their own homes. PLEASE BEAR IN MIND THAT THIS IS A GENERAL ARTICLE ABOUT VCRs/VIDEOCASSETTE RECORDERS Fonda subsequently released 23 workout videos, five workout books, and thirteen audio programs. Her most recent original workout video was released in 1995.

Exercise videos in chronological order:

• 1982: Jane Fonda's Workout (aka Workout Starring Jane Fonda)
• 1983: Jane Fonda's Pregnancy, Birth and Recovery Workout
• 1983: Jane Fonda's Workout Challenge
• 1984: Jane Fonda's Prime Time Workout (re-released as Jane Fonda's Easy Going Workout)
• 1985: Jane Fonda's New Workout
• 1986: Jane Fonda's Low Impact Aerobic Workout
• 1987: Jane Fonda's Start Up (aka Start Up with Jane Fonda)
• 1987: Jane Fonda's Sports Aid
• 1987: Jane Fonda's Workout with Weights (re-released as Jane Fonda's Toning and Shaping)
• 1988: Jane Fonda's Complete Workout
• 1989: Jane Fonda's Light Aerobics and Stress Reduction Program (re-released as Jane Fonda's Stress Reduction Program)
• 1990: Jane Fonda's Lean Routine Workout
• 1990: Jane Fonda's Workout Presents Fun House Fitness: The Swamp Stomp
• 1990: Jane Fonda's Workout Presents Fun House Fitness: The Fun House Funk
• 1991: Jane Fonda's Lower Body Solution
• 1992: Jane Fonda's Step Aerobic and Abdominal Workout
• 1993: Jane Fonda's Favorite Fat Burners
• 1993: Jane Fonda's Yoga Exercise Workout
• 1994: Jane Fonda's Step and Stretch Workout
• 1995: Jane Fonda's Personal Trainer Series: Low Impact Aerobics & Stretch
• 1995: Jane Fonda's Personal Trainer Series: Total Body Sculpting
• 1995: Jane Fonda's Personal Trainer Series: Abs, Buns & Thighs

In 2005, some of Fonda's popular programs were re-released on DVD. One included her Complete Workout from 1988 and her Stress Reduction Program from 1989, a second DVD included her 1991 Fun House Fitness series, and a third DVD included her 1995 Personal Trainer Series.

Fonda has been credited with popularizing the phrase "go for the burn".

Retirement and return

In April 1991, after three decades in film, Fonda announced her retirement from the film industry. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. In May 2005, however, she returned to the screen with the box office success Monster-in-Law. May 2005 was the fifth month of that year It began on a Sunday and ended after 31 days on a Tuesday. Monster-in-Law is a 2005 Romantic comedy film, directed by Robert Luketic. ^[3]

In July 2005, the British tabloid The Sun reported that when asked if she would appear in a sequel to her 1980 hit Nine to Five, Fonda replied "I'd love to". 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Sun is a Tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language ^[7]

Fonda's most recent project is the Garry Marshall-directed Georgia Rule. Garry Kent Marshall Georgia Rule is a 2007 Comedy-drama Film directed by Garry Marshall and starring Jane Fonda, Lindsay Lohan She starred along with Felicity Huffman and Lindsay Lohan. Felicity Huffman (born December 9, 1962) is an Academy Award -nominated American Actress. Lindsay Dee Lohan (born July 2 1986 is an American Actress, model and Pop music Singer. The movie opened in theaters May 11, 2007. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

NBC controversy

On February 14, 2008, Fonda appeared on NBC's Today to talk about her participation in The Vagina Monologues. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Today, also referred to as The Today Show, is an American morning news and talk show airing weekday mornings on NBC. The Vagina Monologues is an Obie Award -winning episodic play written by Eve Ensler which ran at the Off-Broadway Westside Theatre At approximately 8:20 AM, Fonda used the word "cunt" during the live interview, a word which is regarded by many Americans as offensive. Cunt ( IPA:/kʌnt/ is an English language Vulgarism referring generally to the Female genitalia. In context, she said: “Well, it wasn’t that I wasn’t a big fan. I hadn’t seen the play. I live in Georgia, okay? I was asked to do a monologue called ‘Cunt,’ and I said ‘I don’t think so, I got enough problems. ’” A press agent almost immediately issued an apology for the incident on behalf of Fonda,^{[8] [9]} however the public outcry was still substantial. ^[10]

Political activism

During the 1960s, Fonda engaged in political activism in support of the Civil Rights Movement and in opposition to the Vietnam War. Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War is significant because domestic protest in the U ^[3]

Along with celebrities, she supported the Alcatraz Island occupation in 1969, which was intended to call attention to Native American issues. Alcatraz Island, sometimes informally referred to as simply Alcatraz or locally as the Rock, is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States (In the 1990s, she was criticized by Native American activists for making the perceived racist, sports-fan celebration gesture, "The Tomahawk Chop", at Atlanta Braves baseball games with her then-husband Ted Turner. Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. )

She likewise supported Huey Newton and the Black Panthers in the early 1970s, stating "Revolution is an act of love; we are the children of revolution, born to be rebels. Huey Percy Newton ( February 17, 1942 – August 22, 1989) was co-founder and leader of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a Marxist / Maoist African-American organization established It runs in our blood. " She called the Black Panthers "our revolutionary vanguard", and said "we must support them with love, money, propaganda and risk. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people " In a 1979 appearance at the National Press Club in Washington, DC, she was asked about her past praise for Newton and won laughter and applause for her response: "I've said a lot of off-the-wall things in my life. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D All I can say about that is I was naive and utterly wrong. "

Fonda has also been involved in the feminist movement since the 1970s, which dovetails with her activism in support of civil rights. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate

Opposition to the Vietnam War

Main article: Opposition to the Vietnam War

In April 1970, Fred Gardner, Fonda and Donald Sutherland formed the FTA tour ("Free The Army", a play on the troop expression "Fuck The Army"), an anti-war road show designed as an answer to Bob Hope's USO tour. Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War is significant because domestic protest in the U Fred Gardner is an American political organizer and author best known for his opposition to the Vietnam War and his writings about the medical mariijuana movement Donald McNicol Sutherland OC (born July 17, 1935) is a Canadian Actor with a film career spanning over 50 years The FTA Tour (" Free The Army " a play on the troop expression " Fuck The Army " which in turn was a play on the army slogan " Fun Travel Bob Hope, KBE KCSG ( May 29, 1903 &ndash July 27, 2003) was an American comedian and actor who appeared in "USO" redirects here for other uses see USO (disambiguation The United Service Organizations Inc The tour, referred to as "political vaudeville" by Fonda, visited military towns along the West Coast, with the goal of establishing a dialogue with soldiers about their upcoming deployments to Vietnam. Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States The dialogue was made into a movie (F. T. A. ) that contained strong, frank criticism of the war by service men and women. It was released in 1972. ^[11]

In the same year, Fonda spoke out against the war at a rally organized by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Vietnam Veterans Against the War ( VVAW) is a tax-exempt Non-profit organization and Corporation, originally created to oppose the Vietnam War The Village of Valley Forge is an unincorporated settlement located on the west side of Valley Forge National Historical Park at the confluence of Valley Creek and She offered to help raise funds for VVAW, and, for her efforts, was rewarded with the title of Honorary National Coordinator. ^[12] On November 3, 1970, Fonda started a tour of college campuses on which she raised funds for the organization. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As noted by the New York Times, Fonda was a "major patron" of the VVAW.

In March 1971, Fonda traveled to Paris to meet with National Liberation Front (NLF) foreign minister Nguyen Thi Binh. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Nguyễn Thị Bình, nee Nguyễn Châu Sa was a Vietnamese Communist leader who negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference on behalf of the Vietcong According to a transcript that was translated into Vietnamese and back to English, Fonda told Binh at one point: "Many of us have seen evidence proving the Nixon administration has escalated the war, causing death and destruction, perhaps as serious as the bombing of Hiroshima. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States " Afterwards, Fonda traveled to London, where she again came under fire for making a speech that discussed the use of torture by US troops in Vietnam. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally Her financial support to VVAW at this time was apparently not significant, as the organization ran out of money within a month, and one of its prominent leaders, John Kerry, was called upon to raise the necessary funds. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator

See also: RITA Resistance Inside the Armies#Jane Fonda and RITA

"Hanoi Jane"

Jane Fonda on the NVA anti-aircraft gun

Fonda visited Hanoi in July 1972. Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam Among other statements, she repeated the North Vietnamese claim that the United States had been deliberately targeting the dike system along the Red River stating that “I believe in my heart, profoundly, that the dikes are being bombed on purpose”. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam During in the Vietnam War, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff considered and rejected several additions to Strategic bombing campaigns that would include a series of Columnist Joseph Kraft who was also touring North Vietnam, believed that the damage to the dikes was incidental and was being used as propaganda by Hanoi, and that if the U. S. Air Force were "truly going after the dikes, it would do so in a methodical, not a harum-scarum way. " ^[13]

In Vietnam, Fonda was photographed seated on an anti-aircraft battery used against American aircrews. Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces ^[14] She also participated in several radio broadcasts on behalf of the Communist regime, asking US aircrews to consider the consequences of their actions. In her 2005 autobiography, she states that she was manipulated into sitting on the battery, and claims to have been immediately horrified at the implications of the pictures. Fonda says that it was not what was in her heart at all, and wasn't the reason why she was even there. She was there to film evidence of the Nixon Administration's plan to blow up the dikes (a plan that Fonda says "Johnson, to his credit decided not to do"), and the lie the administration had been giving to the public, that troop returns were imminent. She expressed regret for her actions many times over the years, but some Americans remain hostile to her. "I've learned that a picture does not capture what was actually in your heart. "

During this visit she also visited American prisoners of war (POWs), and brought back messages from them to their families. When cases of torture began to emerge among POWs returning to the United States, Fonda called the returning POWs "hypocrites and liars. "^[15] She added, "These were not men who had been tortured. These were not men who had been starved. These were not men who had been brainwashed. " On the subject of torture in general, Fonda told The New York Times in 1973, "I'm quite sure that there were incidents of torture. . . but the pilots who were saying it was the policy of the Vietnamese and that it was systematic, I believe that's a lie. "

The POW camp visits also led to persistent stories—decades later circulated widely on the Internet and via email—that the POWs she met had spat on her, or attempted to sneak notes to her which she had then reported to the North Vietnamese, leading to further abuse. However, a study by Snopes.com, which interviewed many of the alleged victims, found these allegations to be false . Snopes (ˈsnoʊps also known as the Urban Legends Reference Pages, is a Web site that is the most widely-known resource for validating or debunking Urban legends ^[16]

Although Fonda's actions in July 1972 did not receive widespread coverage at the time (The New York Times, for example, ran only a brief UPI story and no photograph), her trip was perceived by many as an unpatriotic display of aid and comfort to the enemy, with some characterizing it as treason; the Nixon Administration, however, dismissed calls for legal action against her. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. Years later, she was labeled as Hanoi Jane by her critics and compared to war propagandists Tokyo Rose and Hanoi Hannah. Tokyo Rose (alternate spelling Tokio Rose) was a generic name given by Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II to any of approximately Trịnh Thị Ngọ, also known as Hanoi Hannah, is a Vietnamese Radio personality best known for her work during the Vietnam war

In 1972, Fonda funded and organized the Indochina Peace Campaign. ^[17] It continued to mobilize antiwar activists across the nation after the 1973 Paris Peace Agreement, when most other antiwar organizations closed down. The Paris Peace Accords (or Paris Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam) were signed on January 27, 1973 by the governments of the

Fonda's regrets

In 1988, Fonda admitted to former American POWs and their families that she had some regrets, stating:^[18]

"I would like to say something, not just to Vietnam veterans in New England, but to men who were in Vietnam, who I hurt, or whose pain I caused to deepen because of things that I said or did. I was trying to help end the killing and the war, but there were times when I was thoughtless and careless about it and I'm very sorry that I hurt them. And I want to apologize to them and their families. [. . . ] I will go to my grave regretting the photograph of me in an anti-aircraft gun, which looks like I was trying to shoot at American planes. It hurt so many soldiers. It galvanized such hostility. It was the most horrible thing I could possibly have done. It was just thoughtless. . . "

In a 60 Minutes interview on March 31, 2005, Fonda reiterated that she had no regrets about her trip to North Vietnam in 1972, with the exception of the anti-aircraft gun photo. Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series. She stated that the incident was a "betrayal" of American forces and of the "country that gave me privilege". Fonda said, "The image of Jane Fonda, Barbarella, Henry Fonda's daughter . Barbarella is a 1968 erotic sci-fi film directed by Roger Vadim and based on the French Barbarella comics Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American Academy Award -winning Film and . . sitting on an enemy aircraft gun was a betrayal . . . the largest lapse of judgment that I can even imagine. " She later distinguished between regret over the use of her image as propaganda and pride for her anti-war activism: "There are hundreds of American delegations that had met with the POWs. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Both sides were using the POWs for propaganda. . . It's not something that I will apologize for. " Fonda said she had no regrets about the broadcasts she made on Radio Hanoi, something she asked the North Vietnamese to do: "Our government was lying to us and men were dying because of it, and I felt I had to do anything that I could to expose the lies and help end the war. "^[19]

Feminist causes

Jane Fonda in the lobby of the theater immediately after the conclusion of the telecast of the 62nd Academy Awards (Jane is holding Ted Turner's arm), March 26, 1990

Fonda has been a longtime supporter of feminist causes, including V-Day, a movement to stop violence against women, inspired by the off-Broadway hit The Vagina Monologues, of which she is an honorary chairperson. The 62nd Academy Awards were presented March 26, 1990 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) For other uses see Victory Day, Beppe Grillo, Valentine's Day and Military designation of days and hours. The Vagina Monologues is an Obie Award -winning episodic play written by Eve Ensler which ran at the Off-Broadway Westside Theatre She was present at their first summit in 2002, bringing together founder Eve Ensler, Afghan women oppressed by the Taliban, and a Kenyan activist campaigning to save girls from genital mutilation. Eve Ensler (b May 25 1953 in New York) is an American Playwright, Performer, Feminist and Activist The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately The terms genital modification and genital mutilation can refer to permanent or temporary changes to Human Genitals. ^[20]

In 2001, Fonda established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia; the goal of the center is to prevent adolescent pregnancy through training and program development. Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, ^[21]

On February 16, 2004, Fonda led a march through Ciudad Juárez, with Sally Field, Eve Ensler, and other women, urging Mexico to provide sufficient resources to newly appointed officials helping investigate the murders of hundreds of women in the rough border city. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Ciudad Juárez, also known as just Juárez, is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua formerly known as El Paso del Norte. Sally Margaret Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American two-time Academy Award -winning actress Eve Ensler (b May 25 1953 in New York) is an American Playwright, Performer, Feminist and Activist The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. ^[22]

Fonda strongly feels that many gender stereotypes are damaging to individuals of both genders. Sexism is the belief or attitude that one Gender or Sex is inferior to or less valuable than the other and can also refer to a Hatred or distrust towards In 2004, she served as a mentor to the first ever all-transsexual cast of The Vagina Monologues. Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies with a physical Sex different from the one with which they were born ^[23]

In the days before the Swedish election on September 17, 2006, Fonda came to Sweden to support the new political party Feministiskt initiativ in their election campaign. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Feminist Initiative ( Swedish: Feministiskt initiativ, abbreviated Fi or F!) is a feminist Political party in ^[24]

In My Life So Far, Fonda says that she considers patriarchy to be harmful to men as well as women. Patriarchy is the structuring of Society on the basis of Family units where fathers have primary responsibility for the welfare of hence authority over She also states that for many years, she feared to call herself a feminist, because she believed that all feminists were "anti-male". But now, with her increased understanding of patriarchy, she feels that feminism is beneficial to both men and women, and states that she "still loves men". She states that when she divorced Ted Turner, she felt like she had also divorced the world of patriarchy, and was very happy to have done so. ^[25]

Native Americans

Fonda came to Seattle in 1970 to plead the case of Native Americans led by Bernie Whitebear, who had invaded and occupied part of the grounds of Fort Lawton, intending to secure a land base to serve Indians in Seattle, Washington which had the largest "urban Indian" population in the Northwest. Bernie Whitebear ( September Fort Lawton is a United States Army Fort located in the Magnolia neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. Urban Indians are those who left the reservations in search of jobs in cities but remained in poverty since they could not get federal benefits off-reservation. Fort Lawton was in the process of being surplussed by the Army and turned into a park by the city of Seattle, and Fonda came to Seattle to help Whitebear argue "Indians had a right to part of the land that was originally all theirs. " ^[26] Ultimately Whitebear and Fonda were successful, leading to the construction of the Daybreak Star Cultural Center in Seattle's Discovery Park. The Daybreak Star Cultural Center is a Native American cultural center in Seattle Washington, described by its parent organization United Indians of All

Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Fonda continued to participate in political activism, particularly in connection with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. During a trip to Jerusalem in 2002 (billed as a promotion of "world peace"), Fonda was criticized by right wing Israelis, and heckled as she arrived for a meeting with leading Israeli feminists. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Three hecklers, members of Women for Israel's Tomorrow, criticized her controversial stance during the Vietnam War, her stance toward Israel, and said that she "came to Israel as a guest of Peace Now". Peace Now ( Hebrew: שלום עכשיו - Shalom Akhshav) is a left-wing Non-governmental organization in Israel with the agenda of ^[27]

Opposition to the Iraq War

Main article: Opposition to the Iraq War

Fonda has argued that the military campaign in Iraq will turn people all over the world against America, and has asserted that a global hatred of America will result in more terrorist attacks in the aftermath of the war. There has been significant opposition to the Iraq War across the world In July 2005, Fonda said that some of the war veterans she had met while on her book tour had urged her to speak out against the Iraq War. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign ^[28]

In September 2005, Fonda and George Galloway postponed their anti-war bus tour due to the slow start to the relief operation now underway in the Gulf Coast, which had been devastated by Hurricane Katrina. George Galloway (born 16 August 1954 in Dundee) is a Scottish Politician, author and talkshow host noted for his Left-wing views confrontational style The term anti-war usually refers to the opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States

Fonda then planned to take a bus tour in March 2006 with her daughter and several families of military veterans but later scrapped her plans, mostly because she felt like she would distract attention from Cindy Sheehan's activism. ^[29] She remains opposed to the Iraq War and to the administration of President George W. Bush in general. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

On January 27, 2007, Fonda participated in an anti-war rally held on the National Mall in Washington, D. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. C. , declaring that "silence is no longer an option. "^[30]

Members of the conservative organization Free Republic staged a counter-protest^[31] which included a life-sized effigy of Fonda with a sign reading "Jane Fonda; American Traitor; Bitch. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Free Republic is a moderated Internet forum, activist and chat site for self-described conservatives and nationalists, primarily within the United " ^[32]

Anti-Fonda protests

In the 2004 presidential election, her name was used as a disparaging epithet against John Kerry, the former VVAW leader, who was then the Democratic Party presidential candidate. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Vietnam Veterans Against the War ( VVAW) is a tax-exempt Non-profit organization and Corporation, originally created to oppose the Vietnam War The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Republican National Committee Chairman Ed Gillespie called Kerry a "Jane Fonda Democrat". Edward W Gillespie is an American Republican Lobbyist, and current White House counsel to George W In addition, Kerry's opponents circulated a photograph showing Fonda and Kerry in the same large crowd at a 1970 anti-war rally, although they were sitting several rows apart. ^[33] A faked composite photograph, which gave the false impression that the two had shared a speaker's platform, was also circulated. ^[34]

Christianity

In 2001, Fonda publicly announced that she had become a Christian. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings She stated that she strongly opposed bigotry, discrimination, and dogma, which she believes are promoted by a small minority of Christians. A bigot is a person who is intolerant of opinions lifestyles or identities differing from his or her own and bigotry is the corresponding state of mind Unlike most discrimination policies discrimination between, which is the discernment of qualities and recognition of the differences focused here discrimination against is Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek, plural) is the established Belief or Her announcement came shortly after her divorce from Ted Turner. Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. Fonda stated publicly on Charlie Rose in April 2006 that her Christianity may have played a part in the divorce, as Turner had allegedly criticized religion. Charlie Rose is an American television interview show with Charlie Rose as executive producer executive editor and host ^[35]

Autobiography

On April 5, 2005, Random House released Fonda's autobiography My Life So Far. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Random House Inc is the world's largest English-language general trade book publisher The book describes her life as a series of three acts, each thirty years long, and declares that her third "act" will be her most significant, due in part to her commitment to the Christian religion, and that it will determine the things she will be remembered for. Fonda also claims that her autobiography shows that "she is so much more than what we as America knows her as". The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Fonda's autobiography was praised by the Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, and several other newspapers. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Fonda has held book-signing events all over the United States since publishing her book. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Awards

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008 that Fonda will be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( German ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ born July 30 1947 is an Austrian American Bodybuilder, Actor Maria Owings Shriver ( born November 6 1955 is an award-winning American journalist a prolific author and First Lady of California. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Conceived by First Lady Maria Shriver, the California Hall of Fame was established with The California Museum for History Women and the Arts to honor legendary individuals The California Museum for History Women and the Arts – home of the California Hall of Fame – is housed in the State Archives Building in Sacramento, one block The induction ceremony will take place December 10th and she will be inducted alongside 11 other legendary Californians.

Roger Vadim and Jane Fonda (then married) near their home in Malibu, from Look Magazine, May 13, 1969, photo by Douglas Kirkland

Filmography

References

Works cited

Bibliography

• Andersen, Christopher. Citizen Jane. 1990: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-0959-0.
• Davidson, Bill. Jane Fonda: An Intimate Biography. 1991: New American Library. ISBN 0-451-17028-8.
• Fine, Carla and Jane Fonda. Strong, Smart, and Bold: Empowering Girls for Life. 2001: Collins. ISBN 0-06-019771-4.
• Fonda, Jane. My Life So Far. 2005: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50710-8.
• Fonda, Jane. Jane Fonda's Workout Book. 1986: Random House Value Publishing. ISBN 0-517-40908-9.
• Fonda, Jane, with Mignon McCarthy. Women Coming of Age. 1987: Random House Value Publishing. ISBN 5-550-36643-6.
• Fox, Mary Virginia and Mary Molina. Jane Fonda: Something to Fight for. 1980: Dillon Press. ISBN 0-87518-189-9.
• Freedland, Michael. Jane Fonda: The Many Lives of One of Hollywood's Greatest Stars. 1989: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-00-637390-9.
• French, Sean. Jane Fonda: A Biography. 1998: Trafalgar Square Publishing. ISBN 1-85793-658-2.
• Gilmore, John. Laid Bare: A Memoir of Wrecked Lives and the Hollywood Death Trip. Amok Books, 1997. ISBN 1-878923-08-0.
• Hershberger, Mary. Peace work, war myths: Jane Fonda and the antiwar movement. Peace & Change, Vol. 29, No. 3&4, July 2004.
• Hershberger, Mary. Jane Fonda's War: A Political Biography of an Antiwar Icon. 2005: New Press. ISBN 1-56584-988-4.
• Kiernan, Thomas. Jane: an intimate biography of Jane Fonda. 1973: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-11207-3.
• Mickey Avalon song, "Jane Fonda" 2007

External links

• Jane Fonda at the Internet Movie Database
• Jane Fonda at TV.com
• Jane Fonda at Yahoo! Movies
• Jane Fonda Profile at Turner Classic Movies
• Jane Fonda's campaign contributions
• Spotlight on Jane Fonda
• About.com article about Fonda's Vietnam era activities
• Jane Fonda and Gloria Steinem discuss The Women’s Media Center, their non-profit media organization. (video)
• RITA: Resistance Inside the Armies
• Fonda Family Genealogy
• Jane Fonda's official website with screenshot-galleries of her workout videos
• Jane Fonda interview
• Text of Jane Fonda Hanoi Radio Broadcast