Jane Addams
Born	September 6, 1860(1860-09-06) Cedarville, Illinois
Died	May 21, 1935 (aged 74) Chicago, Illinois
Occupation	Activist
Parents	John H. Addams and Sarah Weber

Laura Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the U.S. Settlement House movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Cedarville is a village in Stephenson County, Illinois, United States. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For the organisations for kibbutzim and moshavim see Settlement movement (Israel The settlement movement was involved in the creation of "settlement The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor

Biography

Born in Cedarville, Illinois, Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous miller family. For other uses see Miller (disambiguation A miller usually refers to a person who operates a mill, a machine to grind a Cereal ^[1] Her mother was Sarah Addams (née Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator John H. Addams. ^[2] She was a first cousin twice removed to Charles Addams, noted macabre cartoonist for The New Yorker. Charles Samuel Addams ( 7 January, 1912 - 29 September, 1988) was an American Cartoonist known for his particularly The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry ^[3] She was born with a congenital spinal defect and although this was later corrected by surgery, she was never truly robust. A congenital disorder is a disease or disorder that is present at birth ^[1]

Addams' father taught her philanthropy and care for people. He encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the United States and Europe, graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now Rockford College) in Rockford, Illinois. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Rockford College is a private American Liberal arts college in Rockford, Illinois. Rockford is a mid-sized city located on both banks of the Rock River in far northern Illinois After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in medicine, but her parents felt that she was sufficiently educated and feared for her marriage prospects. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS **************

While in London, Addams was influenced by Andrew Mearn's essay, The Bitter Cry of Outcast London, which highlighted slum conditions. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security ^[4] She visited Europe when she was 27 years old, visiting Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in the East End of London. Toynbee Hall is the original university Settlement house of the settlement movement For the organisations for kibbutzim and moshavim see Settlement movement (Israel The settlement movement was involved in the creation of "settlement ^[4]

Hull House

Jane Addams in a car, 1915

In 1889 she and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr co-founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, one of the first settlement houses in the United States. Ellen Gates Starr ( March 19, 1859 near Laona Illinois – February 10, 1940 in Suffern New York) was an American Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. For the organisations for kibbutzim and moshavim see Settlement movement (Israel The settlement movement was involved in the creation of "settlement At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around two thousand people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, kindergarten classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an art gallery, a coffeehouse, a gymnasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a book bindery, a music school, a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. ( German, literally means "children's garden" is a form of education for young children which serves as a transition from home to the commencement of more formal schooling An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. A coffeehouse ( French / Portuguese: café; Spanish: cafetería; Italian: caffè The word γυμνάσιον (gymnasion was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual Education of young men (see Gymnasium Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a Book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of Paper or other material A university school of music or college of music, or academy of music or conservatoire ( French, but used in British English) &mdash She is probably most remembered for her adult night school, a forerunner of the continuing education classes offered by many community colleges today. Continuing education is an all encompassing term within a broad spectrum of post-secondary learning activities and programs A community college is a type of Educational institution. The term has different meanings in different countries

Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915

Hull House also served as a women's sociological institution. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the Chicago School of Sociology, influencing their thought through her work in applied sociology and, in 1893, co-authoring the Hull-House Maps and Papers that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. In Sociology and later Criminology, the Chicago School (sometimes described as the Ecological School) refers to the first major body of works emerging Sociological practice is intervention using sociological knowledge whether it is in a clinical or applied setting She worked with George H. Mead on social reform issues including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and the mediating during the 1910 Garment Workers' Strike. George Herbert Mead ( February 27, 1863 – April 26, 1931) was an American Philosopher, Sociologist and Psychologist Timeline of Organized labor history 1790s - 1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "social work", Addams did not consider herself a social worker. Social work is a discipline involving the application of Social theory and research methods to study and improve the lives of people groups and societies She combined the central concepts of symbolic interactionism with the theories of cultural feminism and pragmatism to form her sociological ideas (Deegan, 1988). Symbolic interactionism is a major sociological perspective that is influential in many areas of the discipline Cultural feminism developed from radical feminism It is an ideology of a "female nature" or "female essence" that attempts to revalidate what cultural feminists consider Pragmatism generally considered to have originated in the late nineteenth century with Charles Peirce, who first stated the Pragmatic maxim.

Hull House's first resident: Jane describes the Hull Houses "first resident" as an older lady who read to listeners from Hawthorne. She reported that she wanted to live in a place where "idealism ran high" (1910, 101). Volunteers seemed plentiful. Ellen read George Eliot's "Romola" to listeners and Jenny Dow, another volunteer, started a kindergarten (1910).

Hull House also offered an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the Juvenile Protective Association, the first juvenile court in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic. Juvenile Protective Association (JPA is a private non-profit agency devoted to protecting children from abuse and neglect by providing intervention and treatment services to families in A juvenile court or young offender court is a court of law having special authority to try and pass judgments for Crimes committed by children or adolescents ^[5]

Peace Movement

Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911

Addams helped organize the Women's Peace Party and the International Congress of Women in an effort to avert the first World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In 1917, after America entered the war, she was expelled from the Daughters of the American Revolution. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR is a lineage -based membership organization of women dedicated to promoting Historic preservation, Education

In 1920 she was elected first president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the successor organization to the Women's Peace Party. She continued in the presidency until her death.

Personal Relationships

Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull Houses's programmes. Her closest adult companion, friend and lover was Mary Rozet Smith, who nurtured and supported Addams and her work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in Bar Harbor, Maine^[6].

Legacy

A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in The American Adventure in the World Showcase pavilion of Walt Disney World's Epcot. The American Adventure is the host pavilion of the World Showcase within Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort. Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels Epcot is a Theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. The park is dedicated to international Culture and technological Innovation.

Jane Addams was a member of the NAACP, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, and the first vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1911. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations Alpha Kappa Alpha ( ΆΚΆ) is the first Greek-lettered Sorority established and incorporated by African American college women Beginnings Lydia Chapin (Taft (February 2 1712 – November 9 1778 was a forerunner of women's suffrage in Colonial In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the Juvenile Protective Association, a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect. Juvenile Protective Association (JPA is a private non-profit agency devoted to protecting children from abuse and neglect by providing intervention and treatment services to families in She was also actively involved with Pi Gamma Mu, the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. 'Pi Gamma Mu' or ΠΓΜ (from Πολιτικές Γνώσεως Μάθεται) is the oldest and preeminent Honor society in the Social sciences In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom commissioned Canadian artist Christian Cardell Corbet to create a bronze medallion of Jane Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. Christian Cardell Corbet (born January 31, 1976) is a Canadian painter Sculptor and designer The medallion has since been collected by several important museums.

The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, give the annual Jane Addams Children's Book Awards to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions. The Jane Addams Children's Book Awards are given annually to children's books published the preceding year that advance the causes of Peace and Social equality

A 2007 joint resolution of the Illinois General Assembly, HJR 19 (Currie), would rename the Northwest Tollway as the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway. The Illinois General Assembly is the Legislative branch of the Government of the state of Illinois in the United States, created by the Barbara Flynn Currie is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 25th District since 1979 The Jane Addams Memorial Tollway in Illinois is a 79 mile (127 km segment of Interstate 90 from Interstate 190 in far northwest Chicago to

The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is 12. 85 miles (20. 68 km) long, and is part of the larger Grand Illinois Trail, which is over 575 miles (925 km) long. The Grand Illinois Trail (occasionally abbreviated GIT) is a multipurpose recreational Trail in the northern part of the U ^[7] The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois. ^[8]

See also

• Florence Kelley
• Flora Dunlap
• Mary Treglia
• Jane Addams Burial Site
• Jane Addams School for Democracy
• John H. Addams Homestead
• John Dewey
• Community practice social work
• Stanton Street Settlement

References

Jane Addams on a US postage stamp of 1940

Further reading

• Bowen, Louise de Koven. Growing up with a City. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
• Deegan, Mary. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc. , 1988.
• Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
• Polacheck, Hilda Satt. I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

External links

• Jane Addams entry at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Maurice Hamington Looks at her as "the first woman 'public philosopher' in United States history". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP is a freely-accessible Online encyclopedia of Philosophy maintained by Stanford University.
• Works by Jane Addams at Project Gutenberg
• Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Women Working, 1870-1930. Jane Addams (1860-1935). A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Jane Addams.
• Works by Jane Addams listed at the Online Books Page
• Jane Addams Hull-House Museum
• The Bitter Cry of Outcast London by Rev. Andrew Mearns
• Online photograph exhibit of Jane Addams from Swarthmore College's Peace Collection