Citizendia

James Naismith
James Naismith

James A. Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian who invented the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m A helmet is a form of Protective gear worn on the head to protect it from injuries a variation of the hat American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with

He was born in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada, the eldest son of Scottish immigrants, John Naismith and Margaret Young who had arrived in the area in 1851 and worked in the mining industry. Mississippi Mills is a Town in eastern Ontario, Canada, in the County of Lanark on the Mississippi River. Almonte (Pronounced "AL-mont" as opposed to the original Spanish pronunciation of "al-MON-tay is a Canadian Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Contents

Invention of basketball

Naismith was a star gymnast, lacrosse player and Canadian football player at McGill University where he earned a BA in Physical Education (1888) and a Diploma at the Presbyterian College in Montreal (1890). Lacrosse is a full contact Team sport played using a solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or Lacrosse stick. In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) The Presbyterian College/Le Collège Presbytèrien, 3495 University Avenue Montreal, Quebec, is a Theological College of the Presbyterian Church in Canada In 1885-86 he won the Wicksteed Silver Medal as the gymnastics champion of the school's junior class. In his graduating year, he lost the Medal as the top athlete of the university's senior class. He was working to do physical education.

In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCABCMAS International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, Naismith was asked to make a game that would not take up much room, was not too rough, that could help its track athletes to keep in shape and at the same time, could be played indoors. Springfield College is a College located in Springfield, Massachusetts. Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. He had no idea he would invent what would become the most popular indoor sport in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Inspired by a game he played as a child called "Duck on a Rock", Naismith's game started December 14, 1891 with thirteen rules, a peach basket nailed to either end of the school's gymnasium, and two teams of nine players. Duck on a Rock is a Medieval children’s game Game play Duck on a Rock was a Game that combined tag and marksmanship Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The peach ( Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach On January 26, 1892 Naismith published the rules for basketball. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The original rules did not include what is known today as the dribble. In Sports such as Football (soccer, Basketball, Bandy and Water polo, dribbling refers to the maneuvering of a ball around a defender SInce the ball could only be moved up the court via a pass early players tossed the ball over their head as they ran up court. Eventually they began bouncing the ball on the court in front of them as they ran up court which was the precursor to today's dribble. Following each "goal" a jump ball was taken in the middle of the court. Although it was not a rule, players would commonly use the dust of coal to cover the palms of their hands, allowing them to get a better grip on the ball. The palm coal was used up until the early 1930s. Also interesting was the rule concerning balls out of bounds—the first player to retrieve the ball received possession.

Basketball became a very popular men's sport in the United States and Canada very quickly, and spread to other countries as well. The International Basketball Federation ( French: Fédération Internationale de Basketball) more commonly known by the French acronym FIBA Additionally, there were several efforts to establish a women's version with modified rules. Naismith himself was impressed with how quickly women caught onto the game and remarked that they were quick to understand the nature of the teamwork involved. He observed some women playing at a college in Springfield, MA, and was instrumental in promoting the sport for women in New England. This met with great resistance in some circles and was consequently far slower to become truly widespread.

Basketball was a demonstration sport at the 1904 Games in St. Louis, NUSA. The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in St Men's basketball was officially added to the Olympic Games program at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. There, Naismith handed out the medals to three North American teams; United States, for the Gold Medal, Canada, for the Silver Medal, and Mexico, for their Bronze medal win. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Women's basketball became an Olympic event in Montreal during the 1976 Summer Olympics. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Montreal, Quebec

Coaching

Following a brief period of study in Denver, Naismith moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1898 to become a professor of physical education and the athletic director at Kansas University. Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies Athletic director (commonly "athletics director" is a position at many American Colleges and universities, as well as in larger High schools The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City He also introduced the game of basketball to Kansas, and served as the school's first basketball coach from 1898 to 1907. Coach (baseball|Coach (basketball|Coach (ice hockeyIn Sports a coach or manager is an individual involved in the direction instruction and training of the operations Kansas went on to develop one of the nation's most storied college basketball programs.

With a record of 55-60, Naismith is the only Kansas coach to have a losing record. Nevertheless, Naismith has one of the greatest coaching legacies in basketball history. Naismith coached Forrest "Phog" Allen, his eventual successor at Kansas, who went on to become one of the most successful coaches in U. Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen, DO ( November 18, 1885 – September 16, 1974) was an American collegiate basketball S. college basketball history. The court itself in Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas is named the James Naismith Court. Allen Fieldhouse is an indoor arena at the University of Kansas in Lawrence Kansas. Phog Allen was the college basketball coach of Dean Smith and Adolph Rupp, who are two of the most successful men's college basketball coaches, and won a combined total of six NCAA championships. Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen, DO ( November 18, 1885 – September 16, 1974) was an American collegiate basketball Dean Edwards Smith (born February 28 1931 is a retired head coach of men’s college Basketball. Adolph Frederick Rupp ( September 2, 1901 &ndash December 10, 1977) was one of the most successful coaches Adolph Rupp was the college basketball coach of Pat Riley who is one of the greatest coaches in NBA history and has coached five teams to the NBA championship, including the 2006 NBA champion Miami Heat. Adolph Frederick Rupp ( September 2, 1901 &ndash December 10, 1977) was one of the most successful coaches Patrick James Riley (born March 20 1945 is a former American National Basketball Association head coach and current team president of the Miami Heat. Dean Smith went on to be the college basketball coach of hall of fame coach Larry Brown (who also coached at the University of Kansas for five seasons, leading them to a national title in 1988), current North Carolina coach Roy Williams (who also coached for 15 seasons at the University of Kansas previous to that, and won a national championship in 2005 with North Carolina), and basketball great Michael Jordan. Dean Edwards Smith (born February 28 1931 is a retired head coach of men’s college Basketball. Lawrence Harvey Brown (born September 14 1940 in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is the head coach of the National Basketball Association Roy Allen Williams (born August 1, 1950) is head coach of the men's Basketball team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman

In the late 1930s Naismith played a role in the formation of the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball, which later became the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA) seeks to fully integrate life academics sport and fitness into the higher education environment

In August 1936, while attending the Berlin Olympics, he was named honorary President of the International Basketball Federation. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin The International Basketball Federation ( French: Fédération Internationale de Basketball) more commonly known by the French acronym FIBA

Kansas Coaching Record

SeasonTeamWinsLossesWin Percentage
1898-99Kansas74. 636
1899-1900Kansas34. 429
1900-01Kansas48. 333
1901-02Kansas57. 417
1902-03Kansas78. 467
1903-04Kansas58. 385
1904-05Kansas56. 455
1905-06Kansas127. 632
1906-07Kansas78. 467
TotalKansas5560. 478

Personal life

Naismith married Maude Sherman in 1894 and they had five children. Naismith graduated as a medical doctor. Naismith was also a Presbyterian Minister and became a naturalized American citizen on May 4, 1925. The Presbyterian Church in Canada is the name of a Protestant Christian church, of Presbyterian and reformed Theology In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1939 he was awarded his Doctor of Divinity from The Presbyterian College, Montreal. The Presbyterian College/Le Collège Presbytèrien, 3495 University Avenue Montreal, Quebec, is a Theological College of the Presbyterian Church in Canada After Maude's death in 1937, he married Florence Kincade on June 11, 1939. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The marriage lasted five months, as James Naismith died of a cerebral brain hemorrhage.

He has been honored extensively in his native country Canada and also in other nations. He was the founding inductee when on February 17, 1968 the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, named in his honor, opened in Springfield, Massachusetts. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, located in downtown Springfield Massachusetts, honors players who have shown exceptional skill at Basketball Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. He was also an inaugural inductee to the McGill University Sports Hall of Fame in 1996. In 2007, he was enshrined in the FIBA Hall of Fame. FIBA Hall of Fame honors basketball players coaches and administrators who have contributed to international competitive basketball

In 2005 James Naismith's grandson, Ian Naismith, planned on selling the original copy of the thirteen rules. The rules were passed down on Naismith's death to his youngest son, James Naismith, who was Ian's father. James lived in Corpus Christi, Texas. Corpus Christi is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U Ian Naismith, as of November 19, 2007, still has possession of the originals and was in Beaumont, Texas where Lamar University basketball fans and alumni were able to view them. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Beaumont is a city in and the County seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont&ndash Port Arthur Metropolitan Lamar University is a four-year university located in Beaumont Texas, and a member of The Texas State University System.

Naismith was a Freemason [1] and a member of Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. ΣΦΕ ( Sigma Phi Epsilon) commonly Nicknamed SigEp or SPE, is a social fraternity for male College students in the

In Lawrence, James Naismith has a road named in his honor, Naismith Drive. It is a separated, four-lane road that runs North-South from 24th street all the way into the KU campus. Naismith Hall, a college residential dorm, is located on the Northeast edge of 19th and Naismith.

13 Rules of Basketball (as written by James Naismith)

A basketball
A basketball
  1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
  2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.
  3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed.
  4. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it.
  5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
  6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5.
  7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
  8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
  9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
  10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
  11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
  12. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.
  13. The side making the most goals in that time is declared the winner.

External links and references

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