| James Jay Archer | |
|---|---|
| December 19, 1817 – October 24, 1864 | |
 | |
| Place of birth | Bel Air, Maryland |
| Place of death | Richmond, Virginia |
| Allegiance | United States of America, Confederate States of America |
| Years of service | 1846–48, 1855–61 (USA), 1861–64 (CSA) |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Battles/wars | Mexican-American War |
James Jay Archer (December 19, 1817 – October 24, 1864) was a lawyer and an officer in the United States Army during the Mexican-American War and in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. The Battle of Chapultepec (September 1847 was a US victory over Mexican forces holding Chapultepec Castle west of Mexico City during the Mexican-American Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Background When Confederate General Joseph E Johnston unexpectedly withdrew his forces from the Warwick Line at the Battle of Yorktown the night Background Johnston withdrew his 60000-man army from the Virginia Peninsula as McClellan's army pursued him and approached the Confederate capital of Richmond Start of the Peninsula Campaign Opposing forces See also [[Seven Days Confederate order of battle]] [[Seven Days Union order of battle]] Almost Background Maj Gen John Pope was placed in command of the newly constituted Union Army of Virginia on June 26. Background and opposing forces See also Northern Virginia Campaign See also [[Second Bull Run Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] The Battle of Shepherdstown, also known as the Battle of Boteler's Ford, took place from September 19 &ndash20 1862 in Jefferson County Virginia Background and Burnside's plan The battle was the result of an effort by the Union Army to regain the initiative in its struggle against Lee's smaller but more aggressive army Forces and plans The Chancellorsville campaign began with the potential of leading to one of the most lopsided clashes in the war The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863 during the American Civil War. The Richmond-Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865 The Battle of Peebles' Farm (or Poplar Springs Church) was the western part of a simultaneous Union offensive against the Confederate works guarding Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Taken as a prisoner of war at the Battle of Gettysburg, Archer was the first general captured from Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.
Contents |
Early life
Archer was born in Bel Air, Maryland, to John and Ann Stump Archer, a wealthy military family. He graduated from Princeton in 1835 before attending Bacon College in Georgetown, Kentucky. Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. Transylvania University is a private liberal arts college related by covenant to the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ located in Lexington, Kentucky Georgetown is a city in Scott County, Kentucky, United States. Nicknamed "Sally" at Princeton for his frail and slight physique, he studied law at the University of Maryland and passed the bar exam. The University of Maryland College Park (often referred to as The University of Maryland UMD, UMCP or simply Maryland) is a public research He established a successful law practice. When the Mexican-American War erupted, he volunteered as a captain and served in the U. See " Captain " for other versions of this rank In the uniformed services of the United States, captain is a federal S. Army in numerous battles, being cited for bravery at Chapultepec and brevetted to the rank of major. The Battle of Chapultepec (September 1847 was a US victory over Mexican forces holding Chapultepec Castle west of Mexico City during the Mexican-American In the UK and US military brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a Commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily but usually without receiving Please see " Major " for other countries that use this rank In the United States, Major is a Military rank denotes He moved to Texas in 1848, where he was wounded in a duel with Andrew Porter; his "second" in the duel was Thomas J. Jackson. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the [1] Returning to Maryland, Archer resumed his law practice, but decided in 1855 to join the regular army as a captain in the 9th U. Please see Regular Army (disambiguation for countries other than the United States that use this term The United States Regular Army S. Infantry, with whom he served primarily in the Pacific Northwest. The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean
Civil War
When the war began, Archer was stationed in Fort Walla Walla in the Washington Territory. Fort Walla Walla is a Fort located in Walla Walla Washington. The Washington Territory was a historic Organized territory of the United States that was formed in February 8, 1853 from the portion of the He resigned his commission on May 14, 1861, traveled to the South, and joined the Confederate Army as a captain in the Provisional Army. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He soon was named colonel of the 5th Texas Infantry, serving in the brigade organized by former Texas Senator Louis T. Wigfall. See also Colonel In the United States Army, the United States Marine Corps and the United States Air Force, colonel A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is Louis Trezevant Wigfall ( April 21, 1816 &ndash February 18, 1874) was an American politician from Texas and a After Brig. Gen. John Bell Hood assumed command, the Texas Brigade fought in the Peninsula Campaign in Virginia. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. John Bell Hood ( June 1 or June 29, 1831 &ndash August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War The Texas Brigade, also often referred to as Hood's Brigade, was an Infantry Brigade in the Confederate States Army that distinguished itself The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Archer served with distinction at Eltham's Landing and Seven Pines, but never found favor in the eyes of his Texans, who thought him a "tyrant. Background When Confederate General Joseph E Johnston unexpectedly withdrew his forces from the Warwick Line at the Battle of Yorktown the night Background Johnston withdrew his 60000-man army from the Virginia Peninsula as McClellan's army pursued him and approached the Confederate capital of Richmond "
He was promoted to brigadier general on June 3, 1862, and initially given command of three regiments from Tennessee, whose commander, Robert H. Hatton, had been killed at Seven Pines. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Robert Hopkins Hatton ( November 2, 1826 &ndash May 31, 1862) was a lawyer politician United States Congressman, and Confederate Later in June, Archer's brigade joined five others to form the "Light Division" under Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Ambrose Powell Hill (November 9 1825 &ndash April 2 1865 was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. Soon, two more regiments were added to Archer's brigade, which fought well in the Seven Days Battles, at Cedar Mountain, and at Second Bull Run, where his horse was killed under him. Start of the Peninsula Campaign Opposing forces See also [[Seven Days Confederate order of battle]] [[Seven Days Union order of battle]] Almost Background Maj Gen John Pope was placed in command of the newly constituted Union Army of Virginia on June 26. Background and opposing forces See also Northern Virginia Campaign See also [[Second Bull Run Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] His men dubbed him "The Little Gamecock" for his slight build and fierce attitude in combat.
During the Maryland Campaign of September 1862, Archer was suffering from an illness that forced him to direct his brigade from an ambulance, being too sick to ride his horse. The Maryland Campaign, or the Antietam Campaign, of September 1862 is widely considered one of the major turning points of the American Civil War. His men made a forced march from Harpers Ferry and arrived in Sharpsburg on the left flank of the Union IX Corps. Sharpsburg is a town in Washington County, Maryland, approximately 13 miles (20 km south of Hagerstown. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. IX Corps ( Ninth Army Corps) was a Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War that distinguished itself in combat in multiple theaters In a fierce assault, Archer drove back the enemy and recaptured a Confederate artillery battery. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine Three days later at the Battle of Shepherdstown, Archer and Brig. The Battle of Shepherdstown, also known as the Battle of Boteler's Ford, took place from September 19 &ndash20 1862 in Jefferson County Virginia Gen. William Dorsey Pender led an attack that drove a Union pursuit force back across the Potomac River, enabling Lee's army to slip away into Virginia. William Dorsey Pender ( February 6, 1834 &ndash July 18, 1863) was one of the youngest and most promising Generals fighting The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid- Atlantic coast of the United States. Despite his continued ill health, Archer's leadership contributed to victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Background and Burnside's plan The battle was the result of an effort by the Union Army to regain the initiative in its struggle against Lee's smaller but more aggressive army Forces and plans The Chancellorsville campaign began with the potential of leading to one of the most lopsided clashes in the war
During the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, Archer's health continued to deteriorate as a result of long marches in the summer heat and humidity. The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863 during the American Civil War. His brigade was now part of the division of Maj. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers Gen. Henry Heth. Henry "Harry" Heth (ˈhiːθ not /ˈhɛθ/ December 16, 1825 &ndash September 27, 1899) was a career U Arriving at Gettysburg on July 1, Archer's troops were engaged with Federal cavalry under John Buford for over two hours, before being counterattacked by rapidly arriving Union infantry, including the famed Iron Brigade. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. John Buford Jr ( March 4, 1826 &ndash December 16, 1863) was a Union Cavalry officer during the American Civil War A counterattack The Iron Brigade, also known as the Iron Brigade of the West or the Black Hat Brigade, was an Infantry Brigade in the Union Archer's men were likely those who killed Union commander Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds (the exact cause of Reynolds' death is controversial), but were quickly pushed back across Willoughby Run, where the exhausted Archer took cover in a thicket. John Fulton Reynolds ( September 20, 1820 &ndash July 1, 1863) was a career United States Army officer and a General in A Union soldier, Private Patrick Maloney of the 2nd Wisconsin, seized Archer and escorted him behind enemy lines, where he briefly met an old colleague, Union Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday. Abner Doubleday (June 26 1819 &ndash January 26 1893 was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War. Archer became the first general officer to be taken captive from the Army of Northern Virginia since General Lee assumed command. Birkett D. Fry assumed command of Archer's Brigade and led it during Pickett's Charge, while Archer and his younger brother and aide-de-camp Robert Harris Archer (1820–1878) were sent to Fort Delaware for processing. Birkett Davenport Fry (June 24 1822 &ndash January 21 1891 was an adventurer soldier lawyer cotton manufacturer and a Confederate general in the American Civil War See also Battle of Gettysburg See also [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] and [[Gettysburg Union order An aide-de-camp ( French for camp assistant) is a personal assistant secretary or Adjutant to a person of high rank usually a senior military officer Fort Delaware is a harbor defense facility built in 1859 on Pea Patch Island in the Delaware River.
Archer, along with many other officers captured at Gettysburg, was eventually sent to the Johnson's Island prisoner of war camp on the coast of Lake Erie, where his health rapidly declined with from exposure to the inclement Ohio weather. Johnson's Island is a 300- Acre (1214 ha) island in Sandusky Bay, located on the coast of Lake Erie, 3 miles (5 km from the city of Sandusky A prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of enemy combatants captured by the enemy in time of war and is similar to an Internment camp which is used for civilian Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads He wrote a letter to the Confederate War Department in which he advocated a plot to overthrow the guards, but the conspirators would require assistance from the government to get the men back home. After a stay of nearly a year, he was sent, along with 600 officers from various prisons, to Fort Delaware, in accordance with a scheme to reship them to Morris Island in South Carolina, a place under constant fire from Confederate cannon. Morris Island is an 840 acre (34 km² uninhabited Island in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, accessible only by boat South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. Archer and the others would be hostages to prevent further shelling. This plan did not materialize. Archer was finally exchanged late in the summer of 1864, and rejoined the army. On August 9, he was ordered to report to the Army of Tennessee under Hood in Atlanta, but this order was revoked ten days later, possibly due to his bad health. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the [2] He traveled to Petersburg, Virginia, and command of his old brigade, briefly serving in the Siege of Petersburg before his health finally collapsed after the Battle of Peebles' Farm. Petersburg is an Independent city in Virginia, United States located on the Appomattox River. The Richmond-Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865 The Battle of Peebles' Farm (or Poplar Springs Church) was the western part of a simultaneous Union offensive against the Confederate works guarding He died in Richmond, Virginia, and was buried in Hollywood Cemetery. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. This article is about the cemetery in Richmond Virginia for the cemetery in Hollywood California see Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Archer never married.
References
- "Brigadier General James T. Archer. " Confederate Veteran Vol. 8, No. 2, 1900.
- Eicher, John H. , & Eicher, David J. , Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- Heidler, David S. , and Heidler, Jeanne T. , "James Jay Archer", Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, Heidler, David S. , and Heidler, Jeanne T. , eds. , W. W. Norton & Company, 2000, ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
- Tagg, Larry, The Generals of Gettysburg, Savas Publishing, 1998, ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
- Warner, Ezra J. , Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1959, ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.
Notes
External links
- Photo gallery of Archer
- James J. Archer at Find A Grave Retrieved on 2008-02-13
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