Citizendia

James B. Sumner
BornNovember 19, 1887(1887-11-19)
Canton, Massachusetts, United States
DiedAugust 12, 1955 (aged 67)
Buffalo, New York, United States
InstitutionsCornell University
Alma materHarvard University
Doctoral advisorOtto Folin
Known forisolating urease in crystallized form
Notable awards Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1946)

James Batcheller Sumner (November 19, 1887 – August 12, 1955) was an American chemist. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Canton is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Otto Knut Olof Folin (born April 4, 1867 &ndash October 25, 1934) was a Swedish -born American Chemist Urease ( is an Enzyme that catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Urea into Carbon dioxide and Ammonia. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 with John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. John Howard Northrop ( July 5 1891 &ndash May 27 1987) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Wendell Meredith Stanley ( August 16, 1904 &ndash June 15, 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist

Contents

Education

Sumner graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in 1910 where he was acquainted with prominent chemists Roger Adams, Farrington Daniels, Frank C. Whitmore, James Bryant Conant and Charles Loring Jackson. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and Roger Adams ( January 2, 1889 – July 6, 1971) was an American organic chemist. Farrington Daniels (1889-1972 an American physical chemist is considered one of the pioneers of the modern direct use of Solar energy. Frank Clifford Whitmore (1887-1947 nicknamed "Rocky" was a prominent chemist who submitted significant evidence for the existence of Carbocation mechanisms in organic James Bryant Conant ( March 26, 1893 &ndash February 11, 1978) was a Chemist, educational administrator and government official Charles Loring Jackson (1847-1935 was the first significant organic chemist in the United States In 1912, he went to study biochemistry in Harvard Medical School and obtained his Ph. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Harvard Medical School ( HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University and currently the #1 medical school in America as ranked by U D. degree in 1914 with Otto Folin. Otto Knut Olof Folin (born April 4, 1867 &ndash October 25, 1934) was a Swedish -born American Chemist He then worked as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. The Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, formerly named the Joan and Sanford I

Research

It was at Cornell where Sumner began his research into isolating enzymes in pure form; a feat which had never been achieved before. Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins The enzyme he worked with was urease. Urease ( is an Enzyme that catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Urea into Carbon dioxide and Ammonia. Sumner's work was unsuccessful for many years and many of his colleagues were doubtful, believing that what he was trying to achieve was impossible, but in 1926 he discovered that even low molecular weight enzymes could be isolated and crystallized. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating His successful research brought him to full professorship in 1929.

Awards

In 1937, he was given a Guggenheim Fellowship and he spent five months in Sweden working with Professor Theodor Svedberg. Guggenheim Fellowships are American grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Theodor Svedberg ( August 30, 1884 &ndash February 25, 1971) was a Swedish Chemist and Nobel laureate. Also that year, John Howard Northrop of the Rockefeller Institute obtained crystalline pepsin making it clear that Sumner had devised a general crystallization method for enzymes and he was awarded the Scheele Medal in Stockholm. John Howard Northrop ( July 5 1891 &ndash May 27 1987) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Pepsin is a digestive Protease ( released by the chief cells in the Stomach that functions to degrade food Proteins into ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the

Both Sumner and Northrop shared the Nobel Prize in 1946 for crystallization of enzymes. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Sumner was elected to the National Academy of Science in 1948. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science Sumner died aged 67 of cancer on August 12 1955.

Notes

While hunting at age 17, Sumner was accidentally shot by a companion and as a result his left arm had to be amputated just below the elbow.

References

External links


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