Persian Muslim Philosopher Medieval
Name	Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad
Birth	1207 AD Balkh, Afghanistan
Death	17 December 1273 AD Konya
School/tradition	Sufi
Main interests	lyric poetry, music
Notable ideas	Persian poetry, Persian music, Persian philosophy, Sufi philosophy, and Sufi dance
Influenced by	Attār, Sanā'ī, Abu Sa'īd Abulḫayr, Ḫaraqānī, Bayazīd Bistāmī, Šamse Tabrīzī
Influenced	Sir Mohammad Iqbāl, Tāhir ul-Qadrī, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Abdolkarim Soroush

Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī^[a] (Persian: مولانا جلال الدین محمد رومی), also known as Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī^[1] (Persian: محمد بلخى), but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi, (September 30, 1207–December 17, 1273), was a 13th century Persian^[2][3] poet, Islamic jurist, and theologian. Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost Persian traditional music (also known as Iranian traditional music, Musiqi-e Sonati-e Irani, also Persian classical music or Iranian classical music Iranian philosophy or Persian philosophy can be traced back as far as to Old Iranian philosophical traditions and thoughts which originated in ancient Indo-Iranian Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف The practice of Sufi whirling (or Sufi spinning) ( Arabic: رقص سماع is a twirling Meditation that originated among Sufis which is still Abū Hamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (born 1145-46 in Nishapur &ndash died c Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi ( was a Persian Sufi ( Tajik) Poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Abusa'id Abolkhayr or Abū-Sa'īd Abulkhayr (ابوسعید ابوالخیر ( December 7, 967 - January 12, 1049 / Abul-Hassan Ali ibn Ahmad (or ibn Ja’far ibn Salmān al-Kharaqāni or Shaikh Abul-Hassan Kharaqāni written Kherqāni ( Persian شیخ ابوالحسن خرقانی Bayazid Bastami ( Persian بايزيد بسطامى) also known as Abu Yazid Bistami or Tayfur Abu Yazid al-Bustami, (804-874 CE was a Shams-e-Tabrīzī ( d 1248 was an Iranian Sufi mystic born in the city of Tabriz in Iranian Azerbaijan. Dr Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri ( Urdu: محمد طاہر القادری) (also known as Quaid-e-Inqalab Quaid-e-Muhterum Shaykh ul Islam and Qibla Hazoor (born For the Bangladeshi politician see Syed Nazrul Islam Kazi Nazrul Islam (কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম Kazi Nozrul Islam Hosein Haj Faraj Dabbagh (1945 -)(, mostly known by his pen-name Abdolkarim Soroush (Persian عبدالكريم سروش) or Abdulkarim Soroush is an Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective ^[4] Rumi is a descriptive name meaning "the Roman" since he lived most parts of his life in Anatolia or 'Rum', which had been part of the Byzantine (or Eastern Roman) Empire until the Seljuq conquest two centuries earlier. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black ^[5]

He was born in Balkh, (Persian: بلخ - Balḫ), Khorasan (today known as Afghanistan), the hometown of his father's family, but some scholars believe that Rumi was born in 1207 CE in Wakhsh (Waḫš),^[6] a small town located at the river Wakhsh in what is now Tajikistan. Balkh ( - Balḫ) also known as Bactra, was once a major world city but was destroyed entirely by the Mongols. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Vakhsh is a city in Tajikistan. See also Vakhsh River The Vakhsh River, also known as the Surkhob (in north-central Tajikistan) and the Kyzyl-Suu (in Kyrgyzstan) is a Central Asian river Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Wakhsh belonged to the larger province of Balkh, and in the year Rumi was born, his father was an appointed scholar there. ^[6] Both these cities were at the time included in the Greater Persian cultural sphere of Khorāṣān, the easternmost province of historical Persia,^[7] and were part of the Khwarezmian Empire. Greater Khorasan (خراسان بزرگ (also written Khorasaan, Khurasan and Khurasaan) is a modern term for eastern territories of ancient Persia Greater Iran (in Irān-e Bozorg, or fa ایران‌زمین Irān-zamīn; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term The Khwarezmian Empire, more commonly known as the empire of the Khwarezm Shahs ( Khwārezmšhāḥīān, "Kings of Khwarezmia "

His birthplace^[8] and native language^[9] both indicate a Persian heritage. Due to quarrels between different dynasties in Khorāṣān, opposition to the Khwarizmid Shahs who were considered devious by Bahā ud-Dīn Wālad (Rumi's father)^[10] or fear of the impending Mongol cataclysm,^[11] his father decided to migrate westwards. Greater Khorasan (خراسان بزرگ (also written Khorasaan, Khurasan and Khurasaan) is a modern term for eastern territories of ancient Persia Rumi's family traveled west, first performing the Hajj and eventually settling in the Anatolian city Konya (capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, now located in Turkey), where he lived most of his life, composed one of the crowning glories of Persian literature and profoundly affected the culture of the area. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost ^[12]

He lived most of his life under the Sultanate of Rum, where he produced his works^[13] and died in 1273 CE. He was buried in Konya and his shrine became a place of pilgrimage. ^[14] Following his death, his followers and his son Sultan Walad founded the Mawlawīyah Sufi Order, also known as the order of the Whirling Dervishes, famous for its Sufi dance known as the samāʿ ceremony. Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad ( more popularly known as Sultan Walad ( was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi Persian poet and Sufi and one of the founders of the Mawlawiyaa (order The Mevlevi Order or the Mevleviye are a Sufi order founded by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th century Persian The practice of Sufi whirling (or Sufi spinning) ( Arabic: رقص سماع is a twirling Meditation that originated among Sufis which is still Specialty Equipment Market Association ( SEMA) of the Automobile aftermarket was formed in 1963 by Roy Richter, Ed Iskenderian Willie Garner Bob Hedman

Rumi's works are written in the New Persian language. New Persian (also called Dari-Persian or Dari), a widely understood vernacular of Middle Persian, has its linguistic origin in the Fars Province of modern Iran. Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language/ethnolect of Southwestern Iran that during Sassanid times (224-654 CE became a Prestige dialect Fars (pronounced/fɑː(ɹs ( Persian: فارس Fârs) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ^[15] A Dari-Persian literary renaissance (In the 8th/9th century) started in regions of Sistan, Khorasan and Transoxiana^[16]and by the 10th/11th century, it overtook Arabic as the literary and cultural language in the Persian Islamic world. Modern Sistan ( is a border region in southeastern Iran (see Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and southwestern Afghanistan (see Nimruz Province Transoxiana (sometimes spelled Transoxania "河中“Chinese / Ma Wara'un-Nahr ( Arabic: ما وراء النهر / Farārood (فرارود Although Rumi's works were written in Persian, Rumi's importance is considered to transcend national and ethnic borders. His original works are widely read in the original language across the Persian-speaking world. Translations of his works are very popular in South Asian, Turkic, Arab and Western countries. His poetry has influenced Persian literature as well as Urdu, Bengali and Turkish literatures. Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language Urdu, in which it is written The term Bengali literature refers to literary works written in Bengali language particularly from Bangladesh and Indian province of West Bengal Turkish literature (Türk edebiyatı or Türk yazını is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages in various formats, and BBC News has described him as the "most popular poet in America". ^[17]

Life

Mawlānā's tomb. "Konya",Turkey

He was born in Balkh, Afghanistan. Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin Balkh ( - Balḫ) also known as Bactra, was once a major world city but was destroyed entirely by the Mongols. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Rumi's life is described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflāki's "Manāqib ul-Ārifīn" (written between 1318 and 1353). His father was Bahā ud-Dīn Wālad, a theologian, jurist and a mystic from Balkh, who was also known during his lifetime as "Sultan of the Scholars". Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity Balkh ( - Balḫ) also known as Bactra, was once a major world city but was destroyed entirely by the Mongols. His mother was Mu'mina Ḫātūn.

When the Mongols invaded Central Asia sometime between 1215 and 1220, his father with his whole family and a group of disciples set out westwards. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south On the road to Anatolia, Rumi encountered one of the most famous mystic Persian poets, Attar, in Iran's city of Nishapur, located in the province of Khorāsān. Abū Hamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (born 1145-46 in Nishapur &ndash died c Nishapur, or Neyshābūr ( is a city in the Razavi Khorasan province in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot 'Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw the father walking ahead of the son and said, "Here comes a sea followed by an ocean. " He gave the boy his Asrārnāma, a book about the entanglement of the soul in the material world. This meeting had a deep impact on the eighteen-year-old Rumi's thoughts and later on became the inspiration for his works.

From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage set out for Baghdad, meeting many of the scholars and Sufis of the city. ^[18] From there they went to Baghdad, and Hejaz and performed the pilgrimage at Mecca. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous al-Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz; الحجاز al-Ḥiǧāz, literally "the barrier" is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored The migrating caravan then passed through Damascus, Malatya, Erzincan, Sivas, Kayseri and Nigde. They finally settled in Karaman during seven years. For the village in Azerbaijan see Qaraman. Karaman (formerly Larende) is a town in south central Turkey, located north His mother and his brother died in Karaman. In 1225 Rumi married Gawhar Khatun in Karaman. They had two sons: Sultan Walad and Alaeddin Çelebi. Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad ( more popularly known as Sultan Walad ( was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi Persian poet and Sufi and one of the founders of the Mawlawiyaa (order When his wife died, Rumi married again and had a son Emir Alim Çelebi and a daughter Melike Khatun.

On 1 May 1228, most likely as a result of the insistent invitation of 'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād, ruler of Anatolia, Baha' ud-Din came and finally settled in Konya in Anatolia within the westernmost territories of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black

Baha' ud-Din became the head of a madrassa (religious school) and when he died Rumi inherited his position and succeeded him at the age of twenty-five. "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. One of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din-e Muhaqqiq, continued to train Rumi in the religious and mystical doctrines of Rumi's father. For nine years, Rumi practiced Sufism as a disciple of Burhan ud-Din until the latter died in 1240-1. From then on started Rumi's public life. He became the teacher who preached in the mosques of Konya and taught his adherents in the madrassah. "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə.

During this period Rumi also travelled to Damascus and is said to have spent four years there. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria.

It was his meeting with the dervish Shams-e Tabrizi on 15 November 1244 that changed his life completely. Shams-e-Tabrīzī ( d 1248 was an Iranian Sufi mystic born in the city of Tabriz in Iranian Azerbaijan. Shams had traveled throughout the Middle East searching and praying for someone who could "endure my company". A voice came, "What will you give in return?" "My head!" "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya. " On the night of December 5, 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking, Shams was called to the back door. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. He went out, never to be seen again. It is believed that he was murdered with the connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mystical friendship.

Rumi's love and his bereavement for the death of Shams found their expression in an outpouring of music, dance and lyric poems, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi. Dīwān-e Kabīr, Dīwān-e Šams-e Tabrīzī ( or Dīwān-e Šams is one of Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi 's He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, he realized:

Why should I seek? I am the same as

He. His essence speaks through me.

I have been looking for myself!^[19]

For more than ten years after meeting Shams, Mawlana had been spontaneously composing ghazals, and these had been collected in the Divan-i Kabir. In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a Rumi found another companion in Salaḥ ud-Din-e Zarkub, the goldsmith. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favorite student Hussam-e Chelebi assumed the role. One day, the two of them were wandering through the Meram vineyards outside of Konya when Hussam described an idea he had to Rumi: "If you were to write a book like the Ilāhīnāma of Sanai or the Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar it would become the companion of many troubadours. They would fill their hearts from your work and compose music to accompany it. "

Rumi smiled and took out a piece of paper on which were written the opening eighteen lines of his Masnavi, beginning with:

Listen to the reed and the tale it tells,

How it sings of separation. . . ^[20]

Hussam implored Rumi to write more. Rumi spent the next twelve years of his life in Anatolia dictating the six volumes of this masterwork, the Masnavi to Hussam. In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own death and composed the well-known ghazal, which begins with the verse:

How doest thou know what sort of king I have within me as companion?

Do not cast thy glance upon my golden face, for I have iron legs. ^[21]

He died on December 17, 1273 in Konya; Rumi was laid to rest beside his father, and a splendid shrine, the Yeşil Türbe "Green Tomb" (original name:قبه لخزراء), was erected over his tomb. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin The Mevlâna museum, located in Konya, Turkey is the mausoleum of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, a Sufi mystic also known as Mevlâna or Rumi His epitaph reads:

"When we are dead, seek not our tomb in the earth, but find it in the hearts of men. "^[22]

Teachings of Rumi

A page of a copy circa 1503 of the "Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz-i"

The general theme of his thoughts, like that of the other mystic and Sufi poets of the Persian literature, is essentially about the concept of Tawhīd (unity) and union with his beloved (the primal root) from which/whom he has been cut and fallen aloof, and his longing and desire for reunity. Dīwān-e Kabīr, Dīwān-e Šams-e Tabrīzī ( or Dīwān-e Šams is one of Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi 's Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost

The "Masnavi" weaves fables, scenes from everyday life, Qur’anic revelations and exegesis, and metaphysics, into a vast and intricate tapestry. Rumi is considered an example of "insan-e kamil" — the perfected or completed human being. In the East, it is said of him, that he was, "not a prophet — but surely, he has brought a scripture". Rumi believed passionately in the use of music, poetry and dancing as a path for reaching God. For Rumi, music helped devotees to focus their whole being on the divine, and to do this so intensely that the soul was both destroyed and resurrected. It was from these ideas that the practice of Whirling Dervishes developed into a ritual form. He founded the order of the Mevlevi, the "whirling" dervishes, and created the "Sema", their "turning", sacred dance. The Mevlevi Order or the Mevleviye are a Sufi order founded by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th century Persian Specialty Equipment Market Association ( SEMA) of the Automobile aftermarket was formed in 1963 by Roy Richter, Ed Iskenderian Willie Garner Bob Hedman In the Mevlevi tradition, Sema represents a mystical journey of spiritual ascent through mind and love to "Perfect. " In this journey the seeker symbolically turns towards the truth, grows through love, abandons the ego, finds the truth, and arrives at the "Perfect". The seeker then returns from this spiritual journey with greater maturity, so as to love and to be of service to the whole of creation without discrimination against beliefs, races, classes and nations.

According to Shahram Shiva, one reason for Rumi's popularity is that "Rumi is able to verbalize the highly personal and often confusing world of personal/spiritual growth and mysticism in a very forward and direct fashion. Shahram Shiva is a performance poet actor and author known for his Rumi concerts He does not offend anyone, and he includes everyone. The world of Rumi is neither exclusively the world of a Sufi, nor the world of a Hindu, nor a Jew, nor a Christian; it is the highest state of a human being — a fully evolved human. A complete human is not bound by cultural limitations; he touches every one of us. Today Rumi's poems can be heard in churches, synagogues, Zen monasteries, as well as in the downtown New York art/performance/music scene. " According to Professor Majid M. Naini [2], Rumi's life and transformation provide true testimony and proof that people of all religions and backgrounds can live together in peace and harmony. Professor Majid M Naini is a leading scholar of Rumi, the 13th century Persian mystic ( Sufi) who has been the best-selling poet in the U Rumi’s visions, words, and life teach us how to reach inner peace and happiness so we can finally stop the continual stream of hostility and hatred and achieve true global peace and harmony.

In other verses in Masnavi, Rumi describes in detail the universal message of love:

Love’s nationality is separate from all other religions,

The lover’s religion and nationality is the Beloved (God).

The lover’s cause is separate from all other causes

Love is the astrolabe of God’s mysteries. ^[23]

Major works

Main articles: Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi and Masnavi

Rumi's poetry is often divided into various categories: the quatrains (rubayāt) and odes (ğazal) of the Divan, the six books of the Masnavi, the discourses, the letters, and the almost unknown Six Sermons. Dīwān-e Kabīr, Dīwān-e Šams-e Tabrīzī ( or Dīwān-e Šams is one of Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi 's This article is about the Masnavi-i Ma'navi of Rumi for the masnavi poetic form see Masnavi (poetic form. In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a

Poetic Works

Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī
Mevlâna museum, Konya, Turkey

• Rumi's major work is Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī ("Spiritual Couplets"; Persian: مثنوی معنوی - Maṣnawīye Ma'nawī), a six-volume poem regarded by some Sufis^[24] as the Persian Language Qur'an. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran It is considered by many to be one of the greatest works of mystical poetry.

• Rumi's other major work is the Dīwān-e Kabīr ("Great Work") or Dīwān-e Šams-e Tabrīzī ("The Works of Shams of Tabriz"; Persian: دیوان شمس تبریزی - named in honor of Rumi's great friend and inspiration, the dervish Shams), comprising some 40,000 verses. Tabriz ( تبریز, تبریز) is the largest city in northwestern Iran. Darvesh or Dervish ( Arabic and Persian: درویش) as it is known in European languages refers to members of Sufi Shams-e-Tabrīzī ( d 1248 was an Iranian Sufi mystic born in the city of Tabriz in Iranian Azerbaijan. Several reasons have been offered for Rumi's decision to name his masterpiece after Shams. Some argue that since Rumi would not have been a poet without Shams, it is apt that the collection be named after him.

Prose Works

• Fihi Ma Fihi ("In It What's in It") provides a record of seventy-one talks and lectures given by Rumi on various occasions to his disciple. It was compiled from the notes of his various disciples, so Rumi did not author the work directly. ^[25] The English translation from Persian was first provided by A. J. Arberry as Discourses of Rumi(New York: Samuel Weiser, 1972) and the second book by Wheeler Thackston, Sign of the Unseen(Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994).

• Majālese Sab'a ("Seven Sessions") contains seven Persian sermons (as the name implies) or lectures given in seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves gives a commentary on the deeper meaning of Quran and Hadeeth. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic The sermons include also quotations from poems of Sana'i, Attar and other poets, including Rumi himself. As Aflakī relates, after Šams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the request of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarqūbī. ^[26]

• Maktubāt ("The Letters") is the book containing Rumi's letter in Persian Language to his disciples, family members and the men of state and influence. The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping family members and administering a community of disciples that had gown up around them.

Philosophical outlook

Rumi was an evolutionary thinker in the sense that he believed that the spirit after devolution from the divine Ego undergoes an evolutionary process by which it comes nearer and nearer to the same divine Ego. ^[27] All matter in the universe obeys this law and this is due to an inbuilt urge (which Rumi calls love) to evolve and seek enjoinment with the divinity from which it has emerged. Evolution into a human being from an animal is only a stage in this process. The doctrine of the Fall of Adam is reinterpreted as the devolution of the ego from the universal ground of divinity and is a universal cosmic phenomena. The Fall of Man, or simply the Fall, in Christian doctrine refers to the transition of the first humans from a state of innocent obedience to God, ^[28] This synthesis of evolution and creationism combined was a culmination of the ideas of Plotinus and of previous Muslim philosophers like Al Farabi. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 "Creationism" can also refer to Creation myths in general or to a concept about the origin of the soul. Plotinus ( Greek:) (ca AD 204–270 was a major philosopher of the ancient world who is widely considered the founder of Neoplatonism (along with his TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Farakh al-Fārābi ( Nastaliq:) or Abū Nasr al-Fārābi The French philosopher Henri Bergson's idea of life being creative and evolutionary is also a little similar. Unlike Bergson, Rumi believes that there is a specific goal to this whole process which is the attainment of God. God is the ground as well as goal of all existence.

Original Persian:

از جمادی مُردم و نامی شدم --- وز نما مُردم بحیوان سرزدم

مُردم از حیوانی و آدم شدم --- پس چه ترسم کی ز مردم کم شدم

حملهء دیگر بمیرم از بشر --- تا برآرم از ملایک بال و پر

وز ملک هم بایدم جستن ز جو --- کل شییء هالک الاوجهه

بار دیگر از ملک پران شوم --- آنچه اندر وهم ناید آن شوم

پس عدم گردم عدم چو ارغنون --- گویدم کانا الیه راجعون

Rumi's "universality"

It is often said^[29] that the teachings of Rumi are universal in nature. For him religion was mostly a personal experience and not confined to logical arguments and sense perceptions. ^[30] Creative love, or the urge to rejoin the spirit to divinity, was the goal towards which every thing moves. ^[31] The dignity of life, in particular human life (which is conscious of its divine origin and goal) was important. ^[32]

I searched for God among the Christians and on the Cross and therein I found Him not.
I went into the ancient temples of idolatry; no trace of Him was there.
I entered the mountain cave of Hira and then went as far as Qandhar but God I found not.
With set purpose I fared to the summit of Mount Caucasus and found there only 'anqa's habitation.
Then I directed my search to the Kaaba, the resort of old and young; God was not there even.
Turning to philosophy I inquired about him from ibn Sina but found Him not within his range.
I fared then to the scene of the Prophet's experience of a great divine manifestation only a 'two bow-lengths' distance from him' but God was not there even in that exalted court.
Finally, I looked into my own heart and there I saw Him; He was nowhere else.

It should however be noted that Rumi was a devout Muslim.

Legacy

Rumi's importance transcends national and ethnic borders. Tabriz ( تبریز, تبریز) is the largest city in northwestern Iran. Shams-e-Tabrīzī ( d 1248 was an Iranian Sufi mystic born in the city of Tabriz in Iranian Azerbaijan. ^[33] Speakers of the Persian languages in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan see him as one of their most significant classical poets and an influence on many poets through history. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ^[34] He has also had a great influence on Turkish literature throughout the centuries. Turkish literature (Türk edebiyatı or Türk yazını is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman ^[35] His poetry forms the basis of much classical Iranian and Afghanistani music. The music of Iran or Persian music has thousands of years of history dating back to the Neolithic age as seen in the archeological Since the 1980s Afghanistan has been involved in near constant violence ^[36] Contemporary classical interpretations of his poetry are made by Muhammad Reza Shajarian (Iran), Shahram Nazeri (Iran), Davood Azad (Iran) and Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti (Afghanistan). Mohammad Reza Shajarian ( محمد رضا شجريان) (born September 23, 1940 in Mashhad, Iran) is an internationally For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Shahram Nazeri ( is a contemporary Iranian Kurdish Tenor who sings classical Persian and Kurdish music. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Davod Azad (born 1963 in Urmia, Iran) is an Iranian singer and a prominent master of Iranian classical music For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti was a famous contemporary Tajik classical musician and composer born in Kharabat area of Kabul Afghanistan Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, To many modern Westerners, his teachings are one of the best introductions to the philosophy and practice of Sufism. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Pakistan's National Poet, Muhammad Iqbal (November 9, 1877-April 21, 1938) was also inspired by Rumi's works and considered him to be his spiritual leader and addressed him as Pir Rumi in his poems (the honorific Pir literally means old man, but in the sufi/mystic context it means founder, master, or guide). A national poet or national bard is a Poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity beliefs and principles of a particular national The term Perfect Master has different meanings and connotations in various religions and movements mainly denoting high spiritual mastery ^[37]

Rumi's work has been translated into many of the world's languages including Russian, German, Urdu, Turkish, Arabic, French, Italian and Spanish, and is appearing in a growing number of formats including concerts, workshops, readings, dance performances and other artistic creations. The English interpretations of Rumi's poetry by Coleman Barks have sold more than a half million copies worldwide. Coleman Barks (born 1937 is an American Poet. Although he neither speaks nor reads Persian, he is nonetheless renowned as a Translator of ^[38] Recordings of Rumi poems have made it to Billboard's Top 20 list. A collection of Deepak Chopra's editing the translations by Fereydoun Kia of Rumi's love poems, has been sung by Hollywood personalities such as Madonna, Goldie Hawn, Philip Glass and Demi Moore; also Shahram Shiva's CD, Rumi: Lovedrunk has been very popular on the Internet's music communities such as MySpace. Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie (born August 16 1958 known as Madonna, is an American Goldie Jean Hawn (born November 21 1945 is an American Academy Award -winning Actress, director and producer. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Philip Glass (born January 31 Demi Moore (born Demetria Gene Guynes on November 11 1962 is an American Actress. Shahram Shiva is a performance poet actor and author known for his Rumi concerts com. Rumi is one of the most widely read poets in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[39]

Rumi and the Persian world

^[40]

Rumi's poetry reflects the rich Iranian culture and represents the literary environment of Khorasan, the medieval center of the Persian world. To best understand Iran and its people one must first attempt to acquire an understanding of its ancient culture Greater Khorasan (خراسان بزرگ (also written Khorasaan, Khurasan and Khurasaan) is a modern term for eastern territories of ancient Persia A Persianate society ( - Djāma-ye Pārsīzabān) is a society that is either based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature

These cultural, historical and linguistic ties between Rumi and the Iranian world have made Rumi an iconic Persian and Iranian poet. Greater Iran (in Irān-e Bozorg, or fa ایران‌زمین Irān-zamīn; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term Rumi's poetry is displayed on the walls of many cities across the Persian-speaking world, sung in Persian music, and read in school books. Literally, Persian-speakers live with Rumi's poetry.

The Mawlawī Sufi Order

Main articles: Mevlevi and Sema

The Mawlawī Sufi order (Mawlawīyah or Mevlevi, as it is known in Turkey) was founded in 1273 by Rumi's followers after his death. The Mevlevi Order or the Mevleviye are a Sufi order founded by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th century Persian Specialty Equipment Market Association ( SEMA) of the Automobile aftermarket was formed in 1963 by Roy Richter, Ed Iskenderian Willie Garner Bob Hedman The Mevlevi Order or the Mevleviye are a Sufi order founded by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th century Persian ^[41] His first successor in the rectorship of the order was Husam Chelebi himself, after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad († 1312), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the "Book of the Guitar", was installed as grand master of the order. Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad ( more popularly known as Sultan Walad ( was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi Persian poet and Sufi and one of the founders of the Mawlawiyaa (order ^[42] The leadership of the order has been kept in Rumi's family in Konya uninterruptedly since then. ^[43] The Mawlawī Sufis, also known as "Whirling Dervishes", believe in performing their dhikr in the form of samāʿ. Dhikr ذکر Plural اذكار Adhkaar ( Zikir in Turkish and Malay, Zikr in Urdu, Jikir in Bengali and Zekr Specialty Equipment Market Association ( SEMA) of the Automobile aftermarket was formed in 1963 by Roy Richter, Ed Iskenderian Willie Garner Bob Hedman During the time of Rumi (as attested in the "Manākib ul-Ārefīn" of Aflākī), his followers gathered for musical and "turning" practices. Rumi himself was a notable musician who played the robāb although his favorite instrument was the ney. The rebab ( Arabic الرباب or رباب; also rebap, rabab, rebeb, The ney ( Persian: نی; Arabic: ناي; also nai, nye, nay, ^[44] The music accompanying the traditional ritual consists of settings of poems from the Maṭnawī and Dīwān-e Kabīr or of Sultan Walad's poems. ^[44] The Mawlawīyah was a well-established Sufi Order in the Ottoman Empire, and many of the members of the order served in various official positions of the Caliphate. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The center for the Mawlawīyah was in Konya. There is also a Mawlawī monastery (Persian: درگاه - dargāh) in Istanbul, near the Galata Tower, where the samāʿ ceremony is performed and accessible to the public. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The Galata Tower ( Turkish: Galata Kulesi) also called Christea Turris ( Tower of Christ) by the Genoese and Megalos The Mawlawī order issues an invitation to people of all backgrounds:

Rumi's tomb in Konya, Turkey

During Ottoman times, the Mawlawīyah produced a number of notable poets and musicians such as Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede who are all buried at the Galata Mawlawī Ḫāna (Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane) in Istanbul. Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish ^[46] Music, especially the ney, play an important part in the Mawlawīyah and thus much of the traditional oriental music that Westerners associate with Turkey originates with the Mawlawī order.

With the foundation of the modern secular republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk removed religion from the sphere of public policy and restricted it exclusively to that of personal morals, behavior, and faith. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing all the tekkes (dervish lodges) and zāwīyas (chief dervish lodges) and also the centers of veneration to which pilgrimages (zīyārat) were made. Darvesh or Dervish ( Arabic and Persian: درویش) as it is known in European languages refers to members of Sufi Istanbul alone had more than 250 tekkes as well as small centers for the gatherings of various fraternities. This law dissolved the Orders, prohibited the use of mystical names, titles and costumes pertaining to these titles, impounded their assets, banned their ceremonies and meetings; the law also provided penalties for those who tried to re-establish them. Two years later, in 1927, the Mausoleum of Mevlana in Konya was allowed to reopen as a Museum. ^[47]

In the 1950s, the Turkish government began allowing the Whirling Dervishes to perform annually in Konya on the Urs of Mawlānā, December 17, the anniversary of Rumi's death. ^[48] In 1974, they were allowed to come to the West. ^[48] The Mawlānā annual festival is held every year in Konya in December. It lasts two weeks and its culminating point is the 17th December called Šabe Arūz (meaning nuptial night in Persian), the night of the union of Rumi with God.

International Rumi Year

Upon a proposal by Ministry of Culture & Islamic Guidance of Iran & Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkey the year 2007 was proposed as the "International Rumi Year" to UNESCO, but has not yet been confirmed. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 This is intended for the commemoration of Rumi's 800th birthday anniversary and will be celebrated all over the world. ^[49] On this occasion Iranian musician Shahram Nazeri was awarded Légion d'honneur and Iran's House of Music Award for his renowned works on Rumi masterpieces. Shahram Nazeri ( is a contemporary Iranian Kurdish Tenor who sings classical Persian and Kurdish music. ^[50] 2006 was declared as the "International Mozart Year" by UNESCO. ^[51]. ^[52]

In honour of Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi, one of the great humanists, philosophers and poets who belong to humanity in its entirety, UNESCO issued a UNESCO Medal in his name in association with the 800th anniversary of his birth in 2007 in the hope that this medal will prove an encouragement to those who are engaged in a deep and scholarly dissemination of his ideas and ideals, which in turn would in fact enhance the diffusion of the ideals of UNESCO. ^[53][54]

Rumi and orthodox Islam

The idea that Rumi cared little for orthodox Islam has been put forward by translations of poems attributed to him which were actually not composed by him. Some writers have even claimed or suggested that Rumi was not really a Muslim, because they believed that the line, "na tarsâ na yahûd-am man na gabr-am na musalmân-am" ("I am not a Christian, a Jew, a Zoroastrian, or a Muslim") expressed Rumi's true attitude toward Islam. However, this poem is not in the earliest manuscripts and probably is not a genuine Rumi poem. R. A. Nicholson first published a translation of this line in 1898, but he admitted that, "The original text does not occur in any of the editions or MSS used by me" (p. Reynold Alleyne Nicholson (or RA Nicholson; born in Keighley, Yorkshire, England on 18 August1868 died on Chester, Cheshire 281) Furthermore, the line can also be translated as "do not fear, I am not Jewish, not Zoroastrian, not Muslim", therefore again alluding to the main central theme of all Rumi's poetry, which is the enlightened being that has transcended beyond religions into the complete man.

Rumi's actual approach to Islam is clarified by the following quatrain composed by him:

I am the servant of the Qur'an as long as I have life. A quatrain is a Poem, or a Stanza within a poem that consists always of four lines I am the dust on the path of Muhammad, the Chosen one. If anyone quotes anything except this from my sayings, I am quit of him and outraged by these words. man banda-yé qur'ân-am, agar jân dâr-am man khâk-é rah-é muHammad-e mukhtâr-am gar naql kon-ad joz în, kas az goftâr-am bêzâr-am az-ô, w-az-în sokhan bêzâr-am — Rumi's Quatrain No. 1173^[55]

In an article entitled "Rumi and the Sufi Tradition," professor Seyyed Hossein Nasr states:

One of the greatest living authorities on Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in an unpublished work that some 6,000 verses of the Dîwân and the Mathnawî are practically direct translations of Qur'ânic verses into Persian poetry. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Seyyed Hossein Nasr ( Persian سید حسین نصر) an Iranian "^[56]

Rumi states in his Dî'wân:

The Sufi is hanging on to Muhammad, like Abu Bakr. Early life Abu Bakr was born at Mecca some time in the year 573 CE, in the Banu Taym branch of the Quraysh tribe ^[57]

Make your intellect a sacrifice in the presence of Muhammad, and say, “God is sufficient for me, since God is enough for satisfying me. ”^[58]

800th anniversary

A postage stamp honoring Rumi.

Mawlana Jalal-ud-Dine Balkhi-Rumi is one of the greatest spiritual masters and mystic poets of Islamic civilization. In Afghanistan, he is known as ‘Mawlana’, in Iran as ‘Mawlawi’ and in Turkey, he is known as ‘Mevlana’. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, To honour the greatness of Mawlana, his work, vision and philosophy that are in conformity with the objectives and mission of UNESCO “constructing in the minds of men the defences of peace”, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was associated with the celebration of Mawlana’s eight hundred years of birth in 2007, as proposed by the Permanent Delegations of Afghanistan, Egypt and Turkey and approved by the Executive Board and the General Conference of UNESCO. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت,

The Afghan Ministry of Culture & Youth established a national committee who organized an international seminar to celebrate the birth and life of the great ethical philosopher and world’s renowned poet. This grand gathering of the world’s intellectuals, diplomats and followers of Maulana was held in Kabul and in Balkh. } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with Balkh ( - Balḫ) also known as Bactra, was once a major world city but was destroyed entirely by the Mongols. ^[59]

The commemoration at UNESCO took place on September 6, 2007 to celebrate the 800th anniversary of the birth of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi, one of the greatest poets, philosophers and scholars of the eastern civilization. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[60]

On September 30, 2007, Iranian school bells were rung throughout the country in honor of Mowlana. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[61]On the occasion of Rumi's birthday, Iran held Iran’s Rumi week from October 26 until November 2. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. An international ceremony and conference was held in Tehran, Iran. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of The event was opened by Iranian president and chairman of Iranian parliament. The Majlis of Iran ( Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی lit Scholars from 29 countries attended the events and 450 articles were presented in the conference. ^[62]

On September 30, 2007, Turkey celebrated Rumi’s 800th birthday with a giant whirling dervish sama performance aired live in 8 countries using 48 cameras. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Birthday is the name given to the date of the anniversary of a person's birth Darvesh or Dervish ( Arabic and Persian: درویش) as it is known in European languages refers to members of Sufi Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey Ertugrul Gunay stated that: “300 dervishes are scheduled to take part in this ritual, making it the largest performance of sama in history. ”^[63]

Farshchian & Molana

Iranian master miniaturist, Mahmud Farshchian has created a work entitled “Shams and Rumi”. Mahmoud Farshchian (محمود فرشچیان Mahmud Faršciyân; born January 24, 1930) is a world renowned master of Persian painting and Mahmoud Farshchian (محمود فرشچیان Mahmud Faršciyân; born January 24, 1930) is a world renowned master of Persian painting and The painting took two months to complete in the U. S. and was unveiled at the Farshchian Art and Cultural Complex in Isfahan on August 2, 2007. Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān Farshchian’s work “Shams and Rumi,” has been inspired by one of Rumi’s poems. Special colors have been used in the painting to feature the mystical and spiritual relationship that existed between Shams and Rumi.

Bibliography

English translations

• "MA-AARIF-E-MATHNAVI A commentary of the Mathnavi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi (R. A. )", by Hazrat Maulana Hakim Muhammad Akhtar Saheb (D. B. ), 1997. ^[64]
• The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi, by William Chittick, Albany: SUNY Press, 1983. William C Chittick is a leading translator and interpreter of classical Islamic philosophical and mystical texts
• The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love, by Majid M. Naini, Universal Vision & Research, 2002 ISBN 0-9714600-0-0 www.naini.net
• The Mesnevi of Mevlānā Jelālu'd-dīn er-Rūmī. Book first, together with some account of the life and acts of the Author, of his ancestors, and of his descendants, illustrated by a selection of characteristic anecdotes, as collected by their historian, Mevlānā Shemsu'd-dīn Ahmed el-Eflākī el-'Arifī, translated and the poetry versified by James W. Redhouse, London: 1881. Contains the translation of the first book only.
• Masnaví-i Ma'naví, the Spiritual Couplets of Mauláná Jalálu'd-din Muhammad Rúmí, translated and abridged by E. H. Whinfield, London: 1887; 1989. Abridged version from the complete poem. On-line editions at sacred-texts.com and on wikisource.
• The Masnavī by Jalālu'd-din Rūmī. Book II, translated for the first time from the Persian into prose, with a Commentary, by C. E. Wilson, London: 1910.
• The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí, edited from the oldest manuscripts available, with critical notes, translation and commentary by Reynold A. Nicholson, in 8 volumes, London: Messrs Luzac & Co. Reynold Alleyne Nicholson (or RA Nicholson; born in Keighley, Yorkshire, England on 18 August1868 died on Chester, Cheshire , 1925–1940. Contains the text in Persian. First complete English translation of the Mathnawí.
• Rending The Veil: Literal and Poetic Translations of Rumi, translated by Shahram Shiva Hohm Press, 1995 ISBN 0-934252-46-7. Shahram Shiva is a performance poet actor and author known for his Rumi concerts Recipient of Benjamin Franklin Award.
• Hush, Don't Say Anything to God: Passionate Poems of Rumi, translated by Shahram Shiva Jain Publishing, 1999 ISBN 0-87573-084-1. Shahram Shiva is a performance poet actor and author known for his Rumi concerts
• The Essence Of Rumi's Masnevi (Including His Life and Works), from Prof. Dr. Erkan TÜRKMEN
• The Essential Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks with John Moyne, A. Coleman Barks (born 1937 is an American Poet. Although he neither speaks nor reads Persian, he is nonetheless renowned as a Translator of J. Arberry, Reynold Nicholson, San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1996 ISBN 0-06-250959-4; Edison (NJ) and New York: Castle Books, 1997 ISBN 0-7858-0871-X. Selections.
• The Illuminated Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks, Michael Green contributor, New York: Broadway Books, 1997 ISBN 0-7679-0002-2. Coleman Barks (born 1937 is an American Poet. Although he neither speaks nor reads Persian, he is nonetheless renowned as a Translator of
• The Masnavi: Book One, translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford University Press, 2004 ISBN 0-19-280438-3. Translated for the first time from the Persian edition prepared by Mohammad Estelami with an introduction and explanatory notes. Awarded the 2004 Lois Roth Prize for excellence in translation of Persian literature by the American Institute of Iranian Studies.
• Divani Shamsi Tabriz translated by Nevit Oguz Ergin as Divan-i-kebir, published by Echo Publications, 2003 ISBN-10: 188799128X; ISBN-13: 978-1887991285.
• The Masnavi: Book Two, translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-921259-0. The first ever verse translation of the unabridged text of Book Two, with an introduction and explanatory notes.

Further reading

On Rumi's life and work

• Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Art and Spirituality, Albany: SUNY Press, 1987, chapters 7 and 8.
• William Chittick, The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: Illustrated Edition, Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2005.
• Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.
• Majid M. Naini, The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love, Universal Vision & Research, 2002, ISBN 0-9714600-0-0
• Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. ISBN 1-85168-214-7
• Leslie Wines, Rumi: A Spiritual Biography, New York: Crossroads, 2001 ISBN 0-8245-2352-0.
• Rumi's Thoughts, edited by Seyed G Safavi, London: London Academy of Iranian Studies, 2003.
• Şefik Can, Fundamentals of Rumi's Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective, Sommerset (NJ): The Light Inc. , 2004 ISBN 1-932099-79-4.

On Persian literature

• E.G. Browne, History of Persia, four volumes, 1998 ISBN 0-7007-0406-X. Edward Granville Browne (1862&ndash1926 born in Stouts Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire, England was a British Orientalist who published 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing.
• Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature, Reidel Publishing Company; 1968 OCLC 460598. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose ISBN 90-277-0143-1

See also

External links

• Speaking of Faith: The Ecstatic Faith of Rumi, with Krista Tippet, American Public Media, December 13, 2007:
  — Pragram's Main Page
  — Program Particulars
  — Listen Now (RealAudio, 53 min)
  — Download (mp3, 53 min)
  — Video Performance: The Musicality of Rumi
• A mystic chant from Rumi's Masnavi sung by Shusha Guppy in the 1970s: Masnavi. Reynold Alleyne Nicholson (or RA Nicholson; born in Keighley, Yorkshire, England on 18 August1868 died on Chester, Cheshire Shushā (Shamsi Guppy ( Persian: شوشا (شمسی گوپی née Shamsi Assār (شمسی عصار ( December 24, 1935, Tehran
• BBC News.

On-line texts & translations of Rumi

• "MA-AARIF-E-MATHNAVI A commentary of the Mathnavi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi (R.A.)", by Hazrat Maulana Hakim Muhammad Akhtar Saheb (D.B.), 1997.
• Four new translations of Rumi poems by Coleman Barks
• Rumi poetry set to beautiful Persian Music on Mp3 and CD
• The Masnavi I Ma'navi, by Maulana Jalalu-'d-din Muhammad Rumi, Abridged and Translated by E. H. Whinfield on sacred-texts.com
• Dar al Masnavi, several English versions of selections by different translators.
• (Rumi.net) Rumi's little-known biography and poems (Quatrains and Odes) in English by Shahram Shiva
• [3]
• [4]
• Quatrains at Iranian.com

On Rumi

• The Rubaiyat of Rumi Lecture of Khosro Naghed. Shahram Shiva is a performance poet actor and author known for his Rumi concerts Khosro Naghed ( Persian: خسرو ناقد, born 1950 Shiraz Iran) is a Persian scholar Iranist and linguist.
• Rumi, Poet of Love and Justice, CHN News
• Jalaluddin Rumi
• About Rumi, English translations and personal/rare biography
• Several Rumi Poems (Quatrains and Odes) in English
• Iranian studies site
• The Threshold Society and Mevlevi Order
• The Mevlevi Order of America. [This organization and the one above are unaffiliated with each other]
• Official website of the Family of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi
• Mevlana
• Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi- Mevlevi webpage
• RumiOnFire.com - A Tribute to Rumi
• Rumi, Jalal al-Din, a biography by Professor Iraj Bashiri, University of Minnesota. Iraj Bashiri (born July 31, 1940) is Professor of History at the University of Minnesota USA‎ and one of the leading scholars in the fields of Central Asian The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system.
• What goes round... - The Guardian, November 5, 2000
• Rumi Lectures at Harvard University
• Rumi and the Tradition of Sufi Poetry
• Rumi and Islamic Spirituality
• Rumi and Self Discovery
• Mewlana Jelal Ad-Din Rumi
• Treasures of Persian Literature, by Professor Behrouz Homayoun Far
• Sadeq Dehqan. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. UNESCO designates 2007 "Year of Molana", Iran Daily, April 8, 2006.
• Ashkhabad to host Molana conference
• Guernica Magazine (guernicamag.com) on the 800th anniversary of Rumi's birth
• Can Rumi Save Us Now?

Notes

References

جلال ‌الدین محمد بلخی رومی]]