This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. For the band , see Jakarta (band). Jakarta were a former Yugoslav rock band Band history The band was formed in 1981 in Belgrade. For The Apache Jakarta project, see Jakarta Project. The Jakarta Project creates and maintains Open source software for the Java platform.

Special Capital Territory of Jakarta

Motto: Jaya Raya (Indonesian): "Prosperous and Great"
Jakarta Jakarta (Indonesia)
Capital	Jakarta
Governor	Fauzi Bowo
Area	750. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Fauzi Bowo (born 10 April 1948 in Jakarta, Indonesia) is the governor of Jakarta for the 2007-2012 term Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 28 km² (290 sq mi)
Population	8,389,443  (2000[1])
Density	11,181. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7 /km² (28,960 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Javanese (35%), Betawi (28%), Sundanese (15%), Chinese (6%), Batak (4%), Minangkabau (3%) [2]
Religion	Islam (86%), Protestant (6%), Roman Catholic (4%), Buddhism (4%), Hindu
Languages	Indonesian, Betawi, Javanese, Sundanese
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Web site	www.jakarta.go.id

Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. The Javanese are an Ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. The Betawi ( Orang Betawi, or "people of Batavia" are the descendants of the people living around Batavia (the colonial name for Jakarta) from around Not to be confused with Sudanese people The Sundanese are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Indonesian island of Java. Chinese Indonesians ( Hakka: Thong ngin Min: Teng lang Indonesian: Tionghoa Indonesia, or (derisively Cina totok) are ethnically Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra Indonesia. The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of The Betawi language is the spoken Language of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia. Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. Sundanese ( Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda " is the Language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia UTC+7 is a Time zone used in Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. It was formerly known as Sunda Kalapa (397-1527), Jayakarta (1527-1619), Batavia (1619-1942), and Djakarta (1942-1972). Located on the northwest coast of the Java Island, it has an area of 661. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. 52 km² and an official population of 8,389,443 (2000^[1]). Jakarta currently is the eleventh largest city in the world. This is a list of the most populous cities of the World defined according to the concept of city proper. Its metropolitan area is called Jabodetabek and contains more than 23 million people, and is part of an even larger Jakarta-Bandung megalopolis. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Jabotabek or Jabodetabek is the term given to the Metropolitan area surrounding Jakarta, Indonesia. Bandung (bʌndʊŋ is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's fourth largest city A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas

Jakarta is served by the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta is the main Airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java Since 2004, Jakarta, while under the governance of Sutiyoso, has built a new bus system known as "TransJakarta" or "Busway" and is planning to increase the number of Busway routes. Sutiyoso (born 6 December 1944 in Semarang, Central Java) is a Politician and former Indonesian General. TransJakarta is a Bus rapid transit system in Jakarta, Indonesia. The city had hoped to establish its newest transportation system, the Jakarta Monorail, in 2007, but the project has been delayed and its completion date is uncertain. The Jakarta Monorail was a planned Monorail system in Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta also is the location of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the National Monument. Jakarta Stock Exchange ( JSX) or in Indonesian Bursa Efek Jakarta ( BEJ) is a Stock exchange based in Jakarta, Indonesia The Monumen Nasional (or Tugu Monas, the National Monument tower is a 450 ft (137 m tall tower in Central Jakarta, symbolizing the fight for Indonesia

Geography

Jakarta skyline and Mount Gede

Jakarta is located on the northwestern coast of Java Island, at the mouth of the Ciliwung River on Jakarta Bay, which is an inlet of the Java Sea. Mount Gede or Gunung Gede is a Stratovolcano in the West Java, Indonesia. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Ciliwung is a River that passes through Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from its source near Puncak on the highlands of West Java Jakarta Bay (Teluk Jakarta is a Bay north of North Jakarta city Java Sea (Laut Jawa is a large (310000 km² shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf. The northern part of Jakarta is constituted on a plain land, approximately eight meters above the sea level. This contributes to the frequent flooding. The southern parts of the city are hilly. There are about 13 rivers flowing through Jakarta, mostly flowing from the hilly southern parts of the city northwards towards the Java Sea. The most important river is the Ciliwung river, which divides the city into the western and eastern principalities. The city borders the province of West Java on its east side and the province of Banten on its west side. West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. Banten is a province of Indonesia located at the western end of Java Island.

The thousand islands, which is a part of the administrative region of Jakarta, is located in the Jakarta Bay. These 105 islets are located 45 km on the north part of the city.

Climate

Jakarta has a hot and humid equatorial/tropical climate (Af) according to the Köppen climate classification system. An equatorial climate is a type of Tropical climate in which there is no Dry season – all months have mean Precipitation values of at least 60 mm The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Located in the western-part of Indonesia, Jakarta's wet season rainfall peak is January with average monthly rainfall of 350mm, and its dry season low point is August with a monthly average of 60mm. ^[3] The city is humid throughout the year with daily temperature range of 25°C to 38°C; Absolute maximum is 43. 8°C and absolute minimum is 21. 5°C.

History

For more details on this topic, see History of Jakarta. Pre-Dutch Colonial The earliest recorded mention of Jakarta is as a port of origin that can be traced to a Hindu settlement as early as the 4th century.

The former Stadhuis of Batavia, the seat of Governor General of VOC. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian The building now serves as Jakarta Historical Museum, Jakarta Old Town area. Jakarta Old Town ( Kota Tua Jakarta) also known as Old Jakarta, and Old Batavia ( Oud Batavia) is a small area in Jakarta, Indonesia

Dutch Batavia in the 17th Century, built in what is now North Jakarta

The old name of Jakarta was Sunda Kelapa. North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara is a city ( kota) of Jakarta, Indonesia. Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta. In the original name it is known "Sunda Kalapa" (from Sundanese words The earliest record mentioning this area as a capital city can be traced to the Indianized kingdom of Tarumanagara as early as the fourth century. The concept of the Indianized kingdom, first described by George Coedès, is based upon the Hindu and Buddhist cultural and economic influences in Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma is an early Sundanese kingdom whose fifth-century ruler As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century In 397 AD, King Purnawarman established Sunda Pura as a new capital city for the kingdom, located at the northern coast of Java. ^[4] Purnawarman left seven memorial stones with inscriptions bearing his name spread across the area, including the present-day Banten and West Java provinces. Banten is a province of Indonesia located at the western end of Java Island. West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. The Tugu Inscription is considered the oldest of all of them. ^[5]

After Tarumanagara power declined, all his territories, including Sunda Pura, felt under the Kingdom of Sunda. The Sunda Kingdom was according to primary historical records from the sixteenth century a kingdom covering areas of present-day Banten Province Jakarta, West The harbour area were renamed into Sunda Kelapa as written in a Hindu monk's lontar manuscripts, which are now located at the Oxford University Library in England, and travel records by Prince Bujangga Manik. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[6] By the 14th century, Sunda Kelapa became a major trading port for the kingdom. The first European fleet, four Portuguese ships from Malacca, arrived in 1513 when the Portuguese were looking for a route for spices and especially pepper. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) is a flowering Vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its Fruit, which is usually dried ^[7]

The Kingdom of Sunda made a peace agreement with Portugal by allowing the Portuguese to build a port in 1522 in order to defend against the rising power of the Sultanate of Demak from central Java. The Sultanate of Demak was Muslim state located on Java 's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak. ^[8] In 1527, Fatahillah, a Sumatran Malay warrior from Demak attacked Kingdom of Sunda and succeeded in conquering the harbour on June 22, 1527, after which Sunda Kelapa was renamed into to Jayakarta. KRI Fatahillah is an Indonesian Navy ship class named after Fatahillah, a national war Heroic figure who successfully captured back Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. ^[8]

The Castle of Batavia, seen from West Kali Besar by Andries Beeckman circa 1656-58

Through the relationship with Prince Jayawikarta from the Sultanate of Banten, Dutch ships arrived in Jayakarta in 1596. The Sultanate of Banten was founded in the sixteenth century It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati, who later went on to found Cirebon. In 1602, the British East India Company's first voyage, commanded by Sir James Lancaster, arrived in Aceh and sailed on to Banten where they were allowed to build a trading post. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or Sir James Lancaster was a prominent Elizabethan trader and privateer See also Sultanate of Aceh Aceh (ʔaˈtɕɛh generally anglicized as ˈɑːtʃeɪ is a special territory ( daerah istimewa) of Indonesia This site became the center of British trade in Indonesia until 1682. ^[9]

Apparently, Jayawikarta also made a trading connection with the English merchants, rivals of the Dutch, by allowing them to build houses directly across from the Dutch buildings in 1615. ^[10] When relations between Prince Jayawikarta and the Dutch later deteriorated, Jayawikarta's soldiers attacked the Dutch fortress. But even with the help of fifteen British ships, Prince Jayakarta's army wasn't able to defeat the Dutch, in part owing to the timely arrival of Jan Pieterszoon Coen (J. Jan Pieterszoon Coen ( 8 January 1587 &ndash 21 September 1629) was an officer of Dutch East India Company (VOC in the early P. Coen). The Dutch burned the English fort, and forced the English retreat on their ships. With this victory, Dutch power in the area was consolidated. In 1619 they renamed the city "Batavia. "

Batavia c. 1870

Within Batavia's walls, wealthy Dutch built tall houses and pestilential canals. Commercial opportunities attracted Indonesian and especially Chinese immigrants, the increasing numbers creating burdens on the city. Tensions grew as the colonial government tried to restrict Chinese migration through deportations. On 9 October 1740, 5,000 Chinese were massacred and the following year, Chinese inhabitants were moved to Glodok outside the city walls. Glodok is the shopping center in Jakarta Old Town, Indonesia. ^[11] The city began to move further south as epidemics in 1835 and 1870 encouraged more people to move far south of the port. The Koningsplein, now Merdeka Square, was completed in 1818, and Kebayoran Baru was the last Dutch-built residential area. Merdeka Square may refer to Dataran Merdeka, Malaysia Merdeka Square Jakarta Kebayoran Baru is one of the most exclusive residential areas in Jakarta, Indonesia. ^[11]

The city was renamed "Jakarta" by the Japanese during their World War II occupation of Indonesia. Imperial Japan occupied Indonesia during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945 Following World War II, Indonesian Republicans withdrew from allied-occupied Jakarta during their fight for Indonesian independence and established their capital in Yogyakarta. Timeline of the Indonesian National RevolutionThe Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between In 1950, once independence was secured, Jakarta was once again made the national capital. ^[11] Indonesia's founding president, Sukarno, envisaged Jakarta as a great international city. Sukarno ( June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. He instigated large government-funded projects undertaken with openly nationalistic and modernist architecture. This article is concerned with architectural aspects of Modernism; for the most recent developments in architecture see Contemporary architecture. ^[12] Projects in Jakarta included a clover-leaf highway, a major boulevard (Jalan Sudirman), monuments such as The National Monument, major hotels, and a new parliament building. The Monumen Nasional (or Tugu Monas, the National Monument tower is a 450 ft (137 m tall tower in Central Jakarta, symbolizing the fight for Indonesia

In 1966, Jakarta was declared a "special capital city district" (daerah khusus ibukota), thus gaining a status approximately equivalent to that of a state or province. ^[13] Lieutenant General Ali Sadikin served as Governor from this time to 1977; he rehabilitated roads and bridges, encouraged the arts, built several hospitals, and a large number of new schools. Ali Sadikin ( 7 July 1927 &ndash 20 May 2008) was an Indonesian Politician. He also cleared out slum dwellers for new development projects—some for the benefit of the Suharto family^[14]—and tried to eliminate rickshaws and ban street vendors. He began control of migration to the city in order to stem the overcrowding and poverty. ^[15] Land redistribution, structural adjustment, and foreign investment contributed to a real estate boom which changed the face of the city. ^[16] The boom ended with the 1997/98 East Asian Economic crisis putting Jakarta at the center of violence, protest, and political maneuvering. The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of Financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown ( Long-time president, Suharto, began to lose his grip on power. Suharto, also spelled Soeharto (June 8 1921 &ndash January 27 2008 was an Indonesian military leader and the second President of Indonesia, holding Tensions reached a peak in May 1998, when four students were shot dead at Trisakti University by security forces; four days of riots ensued resulting in the loss of an estimated 1,200 lives and 6,000 buildings damaged or destroyed. Jakarta Riots of May 1998 were Riots that occurred in several parts of Indonesia, notably Jakarta and Surakarta during May 1998. ^[17] Suharto resigned as president, and Jakarta has remained the focal point of democratic change in Indonesia. ^[18] A number of Jemaah Islamiah-connected bombings have occurred in the city since 2000. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups ^[11]

Administration

Officially, Jakarta is not a city but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. It is administered much as any other Indonesian province. For example, Jakarta has a governor (instead of a mayor), and is divided into several sub-regions with their own administrative systems. Jakarta, as a province, is divided into five cities (kota), formerly municipalities, each headed by a mayor, and one regency (kabupaten) headed by a regent. This is the list of regencies and cities of Indonesia, one step lower hierarchy of the Indonesia administrative division below the provincial government (sometimes A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or This is the list of regencies and cities of Indonesia, one step lower hierarchy of the Indonesia administrative division below the provincial government (sometimes A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor In August 2007, Jakarta held its first ever election to pick a governor, which was won by Fauzi Bowo. The city's governors have previously been appointed by local parliament. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralization drive allowing for direct local elections in several areas. ^[19]

Jakarta skyline taken from the top of Monas. The Monumen Nasional (or Tugu Monas, the National Monument tower is a 450 ft (137 m tall tower in Central Jakarta, symbolizing the fight for Indonesia

List of cities of Jakarta:

• Central Jakarta (Jakarta Pusat)
• East Jakarta (Jakarta Timur)
• North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara)
• South Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan)

• West Jakarta (Jakarta Barat)

The only regency of Jakarta is:

• Thousand Islands (Kepulauan Seribu), formerly a subdistrict of North Jakarta. Central Jakarta ( Indonesian: Jakarta Pusat) is a city of Jakarta, Indonesia. East Jakarta (Jakarta Timur is a city of Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of 187 North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara is a city ( kota) of Jakarta, Indonesia. South Jakarta West Jakarta (Jakarta Barat is a city ( kota) in Jakarta, Indonesia. Thousand Islands (Kepulauan Seribu is the only regency of Jakarta, Indonesia. A Subdistrict ( kecamatan) is a subdivision of a regency ( kabupaten) or city ( kota) in Indonesia.

Culture

National Museum of Indonesia

As the economic and political capital of Indonesia, Jakarta attracts many foreign as well as domestic immigrants. The National Museum of Indonesia ( Indonesian: Museum Nasional, sometimes referred to as Museum Gajah) is an archeological, historical As a result, Jakarta has a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor and a diverse culture. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Many of the immigrants are from the other parts of Java Island, bringing along a mixture of dialects of the Javanese and Sundanese languages, as well as their traditional foods and customs. Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. Sundanese ( Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda " is the Language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java

Jakarta is sometimes called "The Big Durian" by foreigners resident in the city. The durian is a tropical fruit with a distinctive odor and acquired taste. The durian ( is the Fruit of trees from the Genus Durio belonging to the A bustling urban metropolis, Jakarta is known for its overcrowding, traffic congestion, and income disparity. A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with

The Betawi (Orang Betawi, or "people of Batavia") is a term used to describe the descendants of the people living around Batavia and recognized as a tribe from around the 18th-19th century. The Betawi ( Orang Betawi, or "people of Batavia" are the descendants of the people living around Batavia (the colonial name for Jakarta) from around Batavia is the Latin name for the land of the Batavians during Roman time The Betawi people are mostly descended from various Southeast Asian ethnic groups brought or attracted to Batavia to meet labor needs, and include people from various parts of Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. ^[20] The language and culture of these immigrants are distinct from those of the Sundanese or Javanese. Not to be confused with Sudanese people The Sundanese are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Indonesian island of Java. The Javanese are an Ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. The language is more based on East Malay dialect and enriched by loan words from Javanese, Chinese, and Arab. The Old Malay is possibly the ancestor of Malay language, including Indonesian. Nowadays, the Jakarta-dialects used by people in Jakarta is loosely based on Betawi Language.

There has also been a significant Chinese community in Jakarta for many centuries. Chinese Indonesians ( Hakka: Thong ngin Min: Teng lang Indonesian: Tionghoa Indonesia, or (derisively Cina totok) are ethnically Officially, they make up 6% of the Jakarta population, though this number may be under-reported. ^[21]

One of the many Sukarno era statues in the city

Jakarta has several performance centers, such as the Senayan center. Sukarno ( June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. Senayan may refer to several places in Jakarta Indonesia Senayan Kebayoran Baru, an administrative village ( kelurahan) Taman Ria Senayan Traditional music is often found at high-class hotels, including wayang and gamelan performances. Wayang is an Indonesian and Malay word for Theatre. When the term is used to refer to kinds of puppet theater sometimes the puppet itself is referred A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and As the nation's largest city and capital, Jakarta has lured much national and regional talent who hope to find a greater audience and more opportunities for success.

Ironically, the Betawi arts are rarely found in Jakarta due to their infamous low-profile and most of them had moved to the border of Jakarta, ridden by the wave of immigrant. It is easier to find Java or Minang based wedding ceremonial instead of Betawi wedding in Jakarta. It is easier to find Javanese Gamelan instead of Gambang Kromong (mixture between Betawi and Chinese music) or Tanjidor (mixture between Betawi and Portuguese music) or Marawis (mixture between Betawi and Yaman music). However, some festival such as Jalan Jaksa Festival or Kemang Festival tried to preserve the Betawi art by inviting the artist to do some performance. ^[22]

The concentration of wealth and political influence in the city means that it has much more noticeable foreign influence on its landscape and culture, an effect illustrated by the presence in the city of many major international fast-food chains, for example.

Transportation

Jalan Thamrin, a main road in Central Jakarta

One of the most populous cities in the world, Jakarta is strained by transportation problems. "^[23] In Indonesia most communal transport is provided by bemos, which are privately run minibuses. Types of vehicle Share taxis come in various Vehicle types including Minibuses Midibuses covered Pickup trucks Station wagons

Road transport

Jakarta traffic

Despite the presence of many wide roads, Jakarta suffers from congestion due to heavy traffic, especially in the central business district. To reduce traffic jams, some major roads in Jakarta have a 'three in one' rule during rush hours, first introduced in 1992, prohibiting fewer than three passengers per car on certain roads.

Jakarta's roads are notorious for undisciplined driver behavior; transportation laws are broken with impunity and police bribery is commonplace. The painted lines on the road are regarded as mere suggestions as vehicles often travel four or five abreast on a typical two-lane road. It is not uncommon to encounter a vehicle traveling the wrong direction in a given traffic flow. Furthermore, in recent years the number of motorcycles on the streets has been growing almost exponentially. The vast sea of small, 100-200cc motorcycles, many of which have 2-stroke motors, create much of the traffic, noise and air pollution that plague Jakarta.

Motorised bajaj

Auto rickshaws, called bajaj (pronounced badge-eye), provide local transportation in the back streets of some parts of the city. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief From the early 1940s to 1991 they were a common form of local transportation in the city. In 1966, an estimated 160,000 rickshaws were operating in the city; as much as fifteen percent of Jakarta's total workforce was engaged in rickshaw driving. In 1971, rickshaws were banned from major roads, and shortly thereafter the government attempted a total ban, which substantially reduced their numbers but did not eliminate them. An especially aggressive campaign to eliminate them finally succeeded in 1990 and 1991, but during the economic crisis of 1998, some returned amid less effective government attempts to control them. ^[24]

To reduce traffic congestion, a new TransJakarta bus system was introduced. TransJakarta is a Bus rapid transit system in Jakarta, Indonesia.

The TransJakarta service operates on a special bus-line called the busway. TransJakarta is a Bus rapid transit system in Jakarta, Indonesia. The busway network is optimized for busy city routes and is a relatively effective alternative for travel in Jakarta. Construction of the 2nd and 3rd corridor routes of the busway was completed in 2006, serving the route from Pulo Gadung to Kalideres. Pulo Gadung is a subdistrict ( kecamatan) of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Kalideres is a subdistrict of West Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 5 administrative villages ( kelurahan) The busway serving the route from Blok M to Jakarta Kota has been operational since January 2004. Blok M is a business and shopping quarter located in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta Kota Station (Stasiun Jakarta Kota is a Train station at the west of Jakarta, Indonesia.

An outer ring road is now being constructed and is partly operational from Cilincing-Cakung-Pasar Rebo-Pondok Pinang-Daan Mogot-Cengkareng. Cilincing is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 7 administrative villages ( kelurahan) Cakung is a subdistrict ( kecamatan) of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Pasar Rebo is a subdistrict ( kecamatan) of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Kebayoran Lama is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 6 administrative villages ( kelurahan Cengkareng is a subdistrict of West Jakarta, Indonesia. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is located near Cengkareng A toll road connects Jakarta to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in the north of Jakarta. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta is the main Airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java Also connected via toll road is the port of Merak and Tangerang to the west and Bekasi, Cibitung and Karawang, Purwakarta and Bandung to the east. Tangerang is a City in Banten, Indonesia. It is located about 20 km west of Jakarta. Purwakarta is the capital of the Purwakarta Regency of West Java, Indonesia. Bandung (bʌndʊŋ is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's fourth largest city

Rail and Waterway

There are railways throughout Jakarta; however, they are judged as being inadequate for providing necessary transportation for the citizens of Jakarta. In peak hours, the number of passengers greatly exceeds capacity. The railroad tracks connect Jakarta to its neighboring regions: Depok and Bogor to the south, Tangerang and Serpong to the west, and Bekasi, Karawang, and Cikampek to the east. Depok is a city in West Java, Indonesia. It is part of the Jabotabek metropolitan area Bogor is a city in West Java with a population of approximately 800000 people in the CBD area and 2000000 in suburban area bringing a total of 3 million population Tangerang is a City in Banten, Indonesia. It is located about 20 km west of Jakarta. Bekasi is a growing city in Indonesia, located in the east of Jakarta in the Jabotabek region Karawang is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. Cikampek is a subdistrict ( kecamatan) of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The major rail stations are Gambir, Jatinegara, Pasar Senen, Manggarai, Tanah Abang and Jakarta Kota. Gambir Station (Stasiun Gambir is a mainline railway station in Gambir, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta Kota Station (Stasiun Jakarta Kota is a Train station at the west of Jakarta, Indonesia.

Jakarta Railway transportation system

Two lines of the Jakarta Monorail are under construction: the green line serving Semanggi-Casablanca Road-Kuningan-Semanggi and the blue line serving Kampung Melayu-Casablanca Road-Tanah Abang-Roxy. The Jakarta Monorail was a planned Monorail system in Jakarta, Indonesia. Tanah Abang is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 7 administrative villages ( kelurahan ITC Roxy Mas located in West Jakarta is a mall noted for its Mobile phone business In addition, there are plans for a two-line subway (MRT) system, with a north-south line between Kota and Lebak Bulus, with connections to both monorail lines; and an east-west line, which will connect with the north-south line at the Sawah Besar station. The current project, which began in 2005, has been halted due to a lack of funds and its future remains uncertain.

Soekarno-Hatta International Airport check in desks

On 6 June 2007, the city administration started to introduce the Waterway, a new river boat service along the Ciliwung river. ^[23] The move aims to reduce the traffic snarls in Jakarta. ^[25]

On 30 November 2007, KRL(Commuter Train) Ciliwung Blue Line began operation ^[26]. It serves Jakarta's circle line, which was used in the 80s. The fare price is Rp5000,00. It serves Manggarai, Mampang, Karet, Jend. The Manggarai are an Ethnic group found in eastern Flores in Indonesia. Sudirman Road, Duri, Angke, Kampung Bandan, Rajawali, Kemayoran, Pasar Senen, Gang Sentiong, Kramat, Pondok Jati, and Jatinegara. General Sudirman ( January 24, 1916 - January 29, 1950; also spelled Soedirman) was the military commander of Indonesian forces during Kemayoran is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The former Kemayoran Airport is located in the subdistrict Senen is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 6 administrative villages ( kelurahan) Bungur The train can supports 400 passengers^[27].

Air

Soekarno-Hatta International Airport(CGK) is the primary airport for Jakarta and Indonesia alike. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta is the main Airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java It is used by both private and commercial carriers connecting Jakarta with other Indonesian cities. It is also Indonesia's main international gateway. The airport is divided into three separate terminals. Terminal 1 serves all domestic airliners except Garuda Indonesia. PT (Persero Perusahaan Penerbangan Garuda Indonesia is the national Airline of Indonesia. Terminal 2 serves all foreign carriers and Garuda Indonesia (both domestic and international routes). PT (Persero Perusahaan Penerbangan Garuda Indonesia is the national Airline of Indonesia. Terminal 3 serves for hajj pilgrimage flights and for transnational migrant laborers. ^[28] A second airport, Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport(HLP) serves mostly private and presidential flights. Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Halim Perdanakusuma is located the Indonesian capital Jakarta, and was the city's main

Education

See also: List of universities in Indonesia

Jakarta is the home of many universities, the oldest of which are state-run University of Indonesia(UI)^[29] and the privately-owned Universitas Nasional (UNAS)^[30]. This is a list of universities in Indonesia. By financing Public Institut Pembangunan, Surabaya University of Indonesia (in Indonesian: Universitas Indonesia) abbreviated as UI has its roots in the oldest tertiary-level education facilities in Indonesia (then There are also many other private universities in Jakarta. As the largest city and the capital, Jakarta houses a large number of students from various parts of Indonesia, many of whom reside in dormitories or home-stay residences. Similar to other large cities in developing Asian countries, there are many professional schools. For basic education, there are a variety of primary and secondary schools, tagged with public (national), private (national and bi-lingual national plus) and international schools. One of the major international schools located in Jakarta is the Jakarta International School. The Jakarta International School (JIS is a private, International school in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is an IASAS school. The Interscholastic Association of Southeast Asian Schools (IASAS consists of six member schools in the East Asia and South East Asia region

Sports

Since Soekarno's era, Jakarta has often been chosen as the venue for international sport events, such as being the host of Asian Games in 1962, host of Asian Cup 2007 and several times hosting the regional-scale Sea Games. Jakarta is also home of several professional soccer clubs. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The most popular of them is Persija, which regularly plays its matches in the Lebak Bulus Stadium. Persija ( Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jakarta) is an Indonesian football club from Jakarta. Cilandak is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, Indonesia. It is a middle-class Suburb of the city Another first division team is Persitara. Persitara Jakarta Utara is an Indonesian football club based in Jakarta. The biggest stadium in Jakarta is the Bung Karno Stadium with a capacity of 100,000 seats^[31]. Gelora Bung Karno Stadium (formerly known as Gelora Senayan or Istora) is a multi-use Stadium in Central Jakarta, Indonesia, For basketball, the Kelapa Gading Sport Mall in Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta, with a capacity of 7,000 seats, is the home arena of the Indonesian national basketball team. Kelapa Gading Sport Mall is an indoor sporting arena located in Jakarta Indonesia. Kelapa Gading is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 3 administrative villages (kelurahan West Kelapa Gading East Kelapa Many international basketball matches are played in this stadium. The Senayan sports complex is comprised of several sport venues, which include the Bung Karno soccer stadium, Madya Stadium, Istora Senayan, a shooting range, a tennis court and a golf driving range. The Senayan complex was built in 1959 to accommodate the Asian Games in 1962. In 2011, Jakarta, together with Bandung, will once again host the Southeast Asian Games. Preparations to host the event have started since the conclusion of the 2007 Thailand Southeast Asian Games. The Indonesian Polo Association, as the governing body of polo in Indonesia, have stated its commitment to host the SEA Games polo tournament in Indonesia after polo is confirmed to be absent in the 2009 Laos Southeast Asian Games. The Indonesian Polo Team were placed last in the 2007 Southeast Asian Games. Polo at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games was held in the VR Sport Club Samut Prakan, Thailand.

Nusantara Polo Club - Jakarta's Premiere Polo Facility

Media

Main article: Communications in Indonesia

Newspapers

Jakarta has several daily newspaper such as Bisnis Indonesia, Investor Daily, The Jakarta Post, Indo Pos , Seputar Indonesia, Kompas, Media Indonesia, Republika, Pos Kota, Warta Kota, Lampu Merah and Suara Pembaruan. Indonesia has had a complex history of communications due to its spread over an extended archipelago - the importance on non-electronic means in the past has given away to a considerable Bisnis Indonesia is a daily Newspaper, published in Jakarta Indonesia. The Jakarta Post is a daily English language newspaper in Indonesia. Seputar Indonesia (lit 'Around Indonesia' is Indonesia 's longest evening Newscast ever carried by a private Television station Kompas is the most widely read newspaper in Indonesia. Published by Kompas-Gramedia Group Publishing since June 28, 1965, it has a Media Indonesia is an Indonesian daily newspaper published in Jakarta. For other publications a band and a nightclub named Republika, see Republika (disambiguation Republika is one of several national

Television

Government television: TVRI. For the international Romanian language channel TVR Internaţional see TVRi Televisi Republik Indonesia ( TVRI) is the oldest television station

Private national television: TPI, RCTI, Metro TV, Indosiar, StarANTV, SCTV, Trans TV, TV ONE (used to be Lativi), Trans 7, and Global TV. TPI ( Indonesian Education Television) is an Indonesian private television station based in East Jakarta. RCTI ( Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) is Indonesia 's first privately owned Television network based in West Jakarta. Metro TV is Indonesia 's first 24-hour News channel based in West Jakarta. Indosiar is a privately owned national Television station in Indonesia, which has been operating from West Jakarta since 1994 antv ( Andalas Televisi) is an Indonesian Television network based in South Jakarta. Surya Citra Televisi ( SCTV) is an Indonesian Television station. Trans TV ( Televisi Transformasi Indonesia) is an Indonesian national Television station based in South Jakarta. TV One is an Indonesian privately owned national Television station based in East Jakarta. Trans 7 (formerly known as TV7) is an Indonesian commercial Television station based in Central Jakarta. Global TV is an Indonesian private Television station based in West Jakarta.

Local television: Jak-TV, O-Channel, and Space-Toon.

Cable television: First Media, TelkomVision Satellite television: Indovision, ASTRO, TelkomVision

Radio

Main article: List of radio stations in Jakarta

Problems

A trash dump in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi

Population in excess of infrastructure

Like many big cities in developing countries, Jakarta suffers from major urbanization problems. First Media is a triple play Cable Television network in Indonesia. TelkomVision is a Subscription -based Direct broadcast satellite (DBS or direct-to-home Satellite television and Cable television Indovision is a Subscription -based Direct broadcast satellite (DBS or direct-to-home Satellite television and radio service TelkomVision is a Subscription -based Direct broadcast satellite (DBS or direct-to-home Satellite television and Cable television This is a list of FM & AM Radio stations in Jakarta, Indonesia, and their frequencies FM Order by frequency Hard Rock Bekasi is a growing city in Indonesia, located in the east of Jakarta in the Jabotabek region Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing The population has risen sharply from 1. 2 million in 1960 to 8. 8 million in 2004, counting only its legal residents. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The population of greater Jakarta is estimated at 23 million, making it the fourth largest urban area in the world. The rapid population growth has outgrown the government's ability to provide basic needs for its residents. As the third biggest economy in Indonesia, Jakarta has attracted a large number of visitors. The population during weekdays is almost double that of weekends, due to the influx of residents residing in other areas of Jabotabek. Jabotabek or Jabodetabek is the term given to the Metropolitan area surrounding Jakarta, Indonesia. Because of government's inability to provide adequate transportation for its large population, Jakarta also suffers from severe traffic jams that occur almost every day. Air pollution and waste management are also severe problems. Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials By 2025 the population of Jakarta may reach 24. 9 million, not counting millions more in surrounding areas. ^[32]

Sanitation

Surveys show that "less than a quarter of the population is fully served by improved water sources. The rest rely on a variety of sources, including rivers, lakes and private water vendors. Some 7. 2 million people are [without clean water]. "^[33]

Flooding

During the wet season, Jakarta suffers from flooding due to clogged sewage pipes and waterways, deforestation near rapidly urbanizing Bogor and Depok, and the fact that 40% of it is below sea level. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge Deforestation is the conversion of Forested areas to non-forest land for use such as Arable land, Pasture, urban use logged area or wasteland Bogor is a city in West Java with a population of approximately 800000 people in the CBD area and 2000000 in suburban area bringing a total of 3 million population Depok is a city in West Java, Indonesia. It is part of the Jabotabek metropolitan area Terrible floods occurred in 1996^[34][35] when 5,000 hectares flooded ^[36] and 2007. ^[37] Losses from infrastructure damage and state revenue were at least 5. 2 trillion rupiah (572 million US dollars) and at least 85 people were killed ^[38] and about 350,000 people forced from their homes. ^[39]. Approximately 70% to 75% of Jakarta's total area was flooded and water up to 4 meters deep in parts of city. ^{[40] [41] [42]}

The informal sector

In September 2007, a new law was brought into effect which attempted to regulate aspects of public order. It forbids the giving of money to beggars, buskers and hawkers, bans squatter settlements on river banks and highways, and prohibits spitting and smoking on public transportation. Unauthorized people cleaning car windscreens and managing traffic at busy intersections will also be penalized. Critics of the new legislation claim that such laws will be difficult to enforce and ignore the desperate poverty of many of the capital's inhabitants. ^[43]

Sister relationships

Jakarta has sister relationships with a number of towns and regions worldwide:

• Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Beijing, China
• Berlin, Germany
• Istanbul, Turkey
• Los Angeles, United States
• State of New South Wales, Australia
• Paris, France
• Rotterdam, the Netherlands
• Manchester, United Kingdom
• Seoul, South Korea
• Tokyo, Japan

References

See also

• 2005 Java-Bali Blackout
• 2007 Jakarta flood
• 2007 Java earthquake
• Jakarta Old Town
• Jakarta riots of May 1998
• List of Governors of Jakarta
• List of metropolitan areas by population
• Lubang Buaya

External links

• Official website
• Jakarta travel guide from Wikitravel
• Travelling to Jakarta
• About Jakarta

• Jakarta is at coordinates 6°07′60″S 106°45′00″E / -6.1333, 106.75 (Jakarta)Coordinates: 6°07′60″S 106°45′00″E / -6.1333, 106.75 (Jakarta)