Jack Kirby
Kirby in 1982.
Birth name	Jacob Kurtzberg
Born	August 28, 1917(1917-08-28) New York City. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The City of New York New York
Died	February 6, 1994 (aged 76) Thousand Oaks, California
Nationality	American
Area(s)	Penciller, Inker, Writer, Editor
Pseudonym(s)	The King
Notable works	Marvel Comics (Captain America, Fantastic Four, Hulk, X-Men), DC Comics (Fourth World)
Awards	Alley Award Best Pencil Artist (1967), plus many awards for individual stories Shazam Award Special Achievement by an Individual (1971)

Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 – February 6, 1994) was an American comic book artist, writer and editor. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Thousand Oaks, commonly referred to as "TO" by residents is a city in southeastern Ventura County, California, in the United States. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media

Widely recognized as one of the most influential, recognizable, and prolific artists in comics, Kirby was the co-creator of such enduring characters and popular culture icons as the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, the Hulk, Captain America, and hundreds of others stretching back to the earliest days of the medium. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The X-Men is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. This article is about the comic book character and series For all other media appearances see Hulk in other media. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" His most common nickname is "The King," and Kirby was inducted into comic books' Shazam Awards Hall of Fame in 1975. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The Academy of Comic Book Arts is an American professional organization of the 1970s that was designed to be the Comic book industry analog of such groups as the The Jack Kirby Award for achievement in comic books was named in his honor. The Jack Kirby Award for achievement in Comic books was presented from 1985-1987 by Amazing Heroes magazine and managed by Dave Olbrich

The New York Times, in a Sunday op-ed piece written more than a decade after his death, said Kirby

His output was legendary, with one count estimating^[2] that he produced over 25,000 pages, as well as hundreds of comic strips and sketches. He also produced paintings, and worked on concept illustrations for a number of Hollywood films.

Biography

Early life

Born to Jewish Austrian parents in New York City, he grew up on Suffolk Street in New York's Lower East Side Delancey Street area, attending elementary school at P. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The City of New York The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Delancey Street is one of the main thoroughfares of Manhattan 's Lower East Side, running east from the Bowery to connect to the Williamsburg Bridge See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary S. 20. His father, Benjamin, a garment-factory worker, was a Conservative Jew, and Jacob attended Hebrew school. Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out Hebrew school can be either (1 the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school - an educational regimen separate from secular education focusing on topics of Jewish Jacob's one sibling, a brother five years younger, predeceased him. After a rough-and-tumble childhood with much fighting among the kind of kid gangs he would render more heroically in his future comics (Fantastic Four's Jewish Ben Grimm was raised on rough-and-tumble Yancy Street, and was predeceased by his older brother; in addition to sharing Kirby's father's first name, his middle name is Jacob, Kirby's first name at birth). The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four Kirby enrolled at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, at what he said was age 14, leaving after a week. Pratt Institute is a specialized private college in New York City with campuses in Manhattan and Brooklyn, as well as in Utica New York Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. "I wasn't the kind of student that Pratt was looking for. They wanted people who would work on something forever. I didn't want to work on any project forever. I intended to get things done". ^[3]

Essentially self-taught, Kirby cited among his influences the comic strip artists Alex Raymond and Milton Caniff. A comic strip is a sequence of drawings that tells a story Currently in the Western world, most comic strips are written and drawn by a Comics artist Alexander Gillespie Raymond ( October 2, 1909 – September 6, 1956) was an American Comic strip artist best known for creating the Milton Arthur Paul Caniff ( February 28, 1907 - April 3, 1988) was an American Cartoonist famous for the Terry

The Golden Age of Comics

Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). Cover art by Kirby & Joe Simon. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher

Per his own sometimes-unreliable memory, Kirby joined the Lincoln Newspaper Syndicate in 1936, working there on newspaper comic strips and on single-panel advice cartoons such as Your Health Comes First (under the pseudonym "Jack Curtiss"). A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) He remained until late 1939, then worked for the movie animation company Fleischer Studios as an "inbetweener" (an artist who fills in the action between major-movement frames) on Popeye cartoons. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Fleischer Studios Inc is an American corporation which originated as an Animation studio located at 1600 Broadway, New York City New York. Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration. "I went from Lincoln to Fleischer," he recalled. "From Fleischer I had to get out in a hurry because I couldn't take that kind of thing," describing it as "a factory in a sense, like my father's factory. They were manufacturing pictures. "^[4]

Around that time, the first American comic books appeared. An American comic book is a small Magazine originating in the United States and containing a Narrative in the Comics form Initially consisting solely of reprints of newspaper comic strips, these tabloid-size, 10-inch by 15-inch publications soon began to include original material in comic-strip form. Kirby began writing and drawing for the comic-book packager Eisner & Iger, one of a handful of firms creating comics on demand for publishers. Eisner & Iger was a prominent Comic book " packager " that produced comics on demand for Publishers entering the new medium during its late-1930s Through that company, Kirby did what he remembers as his first comic book work, for Wild Boy Magazine. ^[5] This included such strips as the science fiction adventure The Diary of Dr. Hayward (under the pseudonym "Curt Davis"), the Western crimefighter strip Wilton of the West (as "Fred Sande"), the swashbuckler strip "The Count of Monte Cristo" (again as "Jack Curtiss"), and the humor strips Abdul Jones (as "Ted Grey)" and Socko the Seadog (as "Teddy"), all variously for Jumbo Comics and other Eisner-Iger clients. Swashbuckler or swasher is a term that developed in the 16th century to describe rough noisy and boastful Swordsmen It is based on a fighting style using a Kirby was also helpful beyond his artwork when he once frightened off a mobster who was strong-arming Eisner for their building's towel service. ^[6]

Kirby moved on to comic-book publisher and newspaper syndicator Fox Feature Syndicate, earning a then-reasonable $15 a week salary. Fox Feature Syndicate (also known as Fox Comics and Fox Publications) was a Comic book Publisher from early in the period known to fans and historians He began exploring superhero narrative with the comic strip The Blue Beetle (January–March 1940), starring a character created by the pseudonymous Charles Nicholas, a house name that Kirby retained for the three-month-long strip. "Charles Nicholas" is the Pseudonymous house name of three early creators of American Comic books for the Fox Feature Syndicate and

Simon & Kirby

During this time, Kirby met and began collaborating with cartoonist and Fox editor Joe Simon, who in addition to his staff work continued to freelance. A cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing Cartoons Traditionally much of this work was and still is humorous and is intended primarily for entertainment purposes Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher Speaking at a 1998 Comic-Con International panel in San Diego, California, Simon recounted the meeting:

"Daring Disc", page 2. Comic-Con International San Diego, commonly known as Comic-Con or the San Diego Comic-Con, is an annual multigenre Fan convention founded as the Golden California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Note kinetic similarities to Capt. America's shield.

and remained a team across the next two decades. In the early 2000s, original art for an unpublished, five-page Simon & Kirby collaboration titled "Daring Disc", which may predate the duo's Blue Bolt, surfaced. Simon published the story in the 2003 updated edition of his autobiography, The Comic Book Makers. ^[8]

After leaving Fox and landing at pulp magazine publisher Martin Goodman's Timely Comics (the future Marvel Comics), the new Simon & Kirby team created the seminal patriotic hero Captain America in late 1940. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines Martin Goodman (born January 18, 1908; died June 6, 1992, Palm Beach Florida) was an American Publisher of Timely Comics is the 1940s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into first Atlas Comics, and then Marvel Comics Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc Their dynamic perspectives, groundbreaking use of centerspreads, cinematic techniques and exaggerated sense of action made the title an immediate hit and rewrote the rules for comic book art.

Captain America became the first and largest of many hit characters the duo would produce. The Simon & Kirby name soon became synonymous with exciting superhero comics, and the two became industry stars whose readers followed them from title to title.

A financial dispute with Goodman led to their accepting an offer from Jack Liebowitz's National Comics, one of the precursors of DC Comics. DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company Working on new ideas for National while still producing Captain America, the two left after finishing ten issues of that title, and moved to National fulltime. Given a lucrative contract at their new home (although initially National seemed unsure how best to utilise their talents), Simon & Kirby took over the Sandman in Adventure Comics, and scored their next hits with the "kid gang" teams the Newsboy Legion and the Boy Commandos (evoking their Sentinels of Liberty gang from Captain America), and the superhero Manhunter. Sandman ( Wesley Dodds) is a fictional Superhero appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics. Adventure Comics is a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1935 to 1983 The Newsboy Legion are Fictional characters, a kid gang in the DC Comics Universe. The Boy Commandos was a 1940s Comic book series created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby for DC Comics. The Young Allies is the name of two Superhero teams in the Marvel Universe. Manhunter is the name given to several different DC Comics Superheroes Antiheroes as well as the Manhunters, an entire race of Androids

Family and World War II

Kirby married Rosalind "Roz" Goldstein (September 25, 1922–December 22, 1998) on May 23, 1942. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Kirby met his future wife when the two families became neighbors in Brooklyn in the Summer of 1940. The two began dating shortly after, and Jack proposed on her 18th birthday. ^[9]

The couple would have four children: Susan (December 6, 1945 - ), Neal (May 1948 - ), Barbara (November 1952 - ) and Lisa (c1961-1962 - ). Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The same year that he married, he changed his name legally from Jacob Kurtzberg to Jack Kirby. The couple was living in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, when Kirby was drafted into the U.S. Army on June 7, 1943. BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[9] Serving with the Third Army combat infantry, he landed in Normandy, on Omaha Beach, 10 days after D-Day. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Omaha Beach was the Code name for one of the principal landing points of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote

Serving overseas (experiences which Kirby later enjoyed sharing with friends, family and relative strangers alike^[9]), Kirby and his wife corresponded regularly by "V-Mail" - Jack writing between battles, and Roz sending "him a letter a day," while working in a lingerie shop and living with her mother. ^[9] During the winter of 1944, Kirby wound up with "severe frostbite on both feet and legs," and was taken to a London hospital for recovery. He returned to the United States in January, 1945, and was honorably discharged on July 20, 1945 returning soon after to his pre-war partnership with Joe Simon. A military discharge is given when a member of the Armed forces is released from his or her obligation to serve Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar ^[9]

Romance and other comics

Young Romance #1 (Oct. 1947). Cover art by Kirby & Simon. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher

As superhero comics waned in popularity after the end of World War II, Kirby and his partner began producing a variety of other genre stories, initially for Harvey Comics, with whom Simon had arranged that they would receive a "decent percentage of whatever comics they delivered. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Harvey Comics (also known as Harvey Publications) was an American Comic book Publisher, founded by Alfred Harvey in 1941 after buying "^[9] Kirby worked on such titles as the crime comic Justice Traps the Guilty for publishers including Harvey, Hillman Comics and Crestwood/Prize. Hillman Periodicals was an American Magazine and Comic book Publishing company founded in 1938 by Alex L Crestwood Publications, also known as Prize Comics and Feature Publications, was a Comic book publisher from the 1940s through the 1960s though most of

They are credited with the creation of the first romance title, Young Romance at Crestwood Publications, also known as Prize Comics. The two had previously created a (children's^[10]) romance story for Hillman Comics' My Date #1 (July 1947), which inspired Crestwood/Prize publishers Teddy Epstein and Paul Blyer (or "Bleier") to offer Simon and Kirby 50% of profits if they would produce their follow-up for their company. September/October 1947's Young Romance "became Jack and Joe's biggest hit in years," selling "millions of copies" and inspiring Crestwood to print triple the number of copies and produce the spin-off Young Love (both titles would later be sold to DC Comics). DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company ^[11]

Romance comics would reinvigorate the comics industry (and, supposedly, appeal to a much broader - i. Romance comics are a Genre of US Comic books that were most popular during the Golden Age of Comics. e. female - audience) over the next few years. Kick-starting a whole genre of comics, Young Romance spawned dozens of imitators from publishers such as "Timely, Fawcett, Quality, and even Fox Features Syndicate [who] delivered knockoffs like Love Confessions, Romance Tales, True Stories of Romance, and My Love Secret. Fawcett Comics, a subsidiary of Fawcett Publications, was one of several successful Comics publishers during the Golden Age of Comic Books in the 1940s Quality Comics was an American comic book Publishing company that operated from 1939 to 1956 and was an influential creative force in what historians and fans call Fox Feature Syndicate (also known as Fox Comics and Fox Publications) was a Comic book Publisher from early in the period known to fans and historians ^[9] Despite the glut of titles, the Simon and Kirby Romance titles "continued to sell five million" a month, allowing the pair "to earn more than enough to buy their own homes. "^[9]

In addition, Kirby and Simon produced crime, horror (notably Black Magic), western and humor comics. Crime fiction is the Genre of Fiction that deals with Crimes their detection criminals and their motives It is usually distinguished from Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience Black Magic is the name of a fifty-issue horror Anthology Comic book series published by Prize Comics from 1950-1961 Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West between the years of 1860 and 1900

After Simon

Sky Masters by Kirby & Wally Wood. Wallace Allan Wood ( June 17, 1927, Menahga Minnesota – November 2, 1981, Los Angeles California) was an American

The Kirby & Simon partnership ended amicably in 1955 with the failure of their own Mainline Publications, due in large part to the backlash fronted by Dr. Wertham against comics. Mainline Publications was a very short-lived Comic book publisher established and owned by Jack Kirby and Joe Simon. Fredric Wertham ( March 20, 1895 November 18, 1981) was a German-American Psychiatrist and crusading author who protested Simon left the industry for a career in advertising, while Kirby continued to freelance. He was instrumental in the creation of Archie Comics' The Fly and The Double Life of Private Strong reuniting briefly with Joe Simon. Archie Comics is an American Comic book publisher known for its many series featuring the fictional teenage Archie Andrews, Betty Cooper The Shield is the name of several fictional Patriotic Superheroes created by MLJ (now known as Archie Comics) He also drew some issues of Classics Illustrated. Classics Illustrated is a comic book series featuring adaptations of literary classics such as Moby Dick, Hamlet, and The

For DC Comics, then known as National Comics, Kirby co-created with writers Dick and Dave Wood the non-superpowered adventuring quartet the Challengers of the Unknown in Showcase #6 (Feb. DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company The Challengers of the Unknown is a group of Fictional characters in Comic books published by DC Comics. Showcase has been the title of several Anthology series published by DC Comics. 1957), while also contributing to such anthologies as House of Mystery. During 30 months at DC, Kirby drew slightly more than 600 pages, which included 11 six-page Green Arrow stories in World's Finest Comics and Adventure Comics that, in a rarity, Kirby inked himself. For the LNER Steam locomotive, see LNER Class V2 4771 Green Arrow Green Arrow ( Oliver Jones "Ollie" Queen World's Finest Comics was a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1941 to 1986 Adventure Comics is a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1935 to 1983 ^[12] Kirby recast the Emerald Archer as a "science-fiction hero," moving him away from his Batman-formula roots, but in the process alienating Green Arrow co-creator Mort Weisinger. Mortimer Weisinger ( April 25, 1915 - May 7, 1978) was an American Jewish Magazine and Comic book ^[9] He also began drawing a newspaper comic strip, Sky Masters of the Space Force, written by the Wood brothers and initially inked by the unrelated Wally Wood. Sky Masters of the Space Force is an American Comic strip created by Jack Kirby, featuring the adventures of an American Astronaut. Wallace Allan Wood ( June 17, 1927, Menahga Minnesota – November 2, 1981, Los Angeles California) was an American

Kirby left National Comics largely^[13] due to a contractual dispute in which editor Jack Schiff, who had been involved in getting Kirby and the Wood brothers the Sky Masters contract, claimed he was due royalties from Kirby's share of the strip's profits. Schiff sued Kirby and was successful at trial. ^[14][15]

Stan Lee and Marvel Comics

One of comics' most iconic covers: The Avengers #4 (March 1964). The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Art by Kirby & George Roussos. George Roussos, also known as "George Bell" (August 20 1915 Washington DC, United States – February 19 2000 Southside Hospital

Kirby returned to work with Stan Lee on the cusp of the company's evolution from its 1950s incarnation as Atlas Comics (previously Timely Comics) to become Marvel. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Atlas Comics is the 1950s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into Marvel Comics. Timely Comics is the 1940s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into first Atlas Comics, and then Marvel Comics Inker Frank Giacoia approached Lee for work, but when informed that Atlas artists inked their own pencils, suggested he could "get Kirby back here to pencil some stuff". Frank Giacoia ( July 6, 1924 - February 4, 1988) is an American Comic book Artist known primarily as an ^[9] Kirby was still working on DC's Challengers of the Unknown, but also searching for work from other publishers, with little success. Continuing with DC on such titles as House of Mystery and House of Secrets, he drew occasional stories for Atlas, including the Lone Ranger-like Black Rider and the Fu Manchu stand-in Yellow Claw. The House of Mystery is the name of several horror-mystery-suspense anthology comic book series The House of Secrets is the name of several mystery -suspense Anthology Comic book series published by DC Comics. The Lone Ranger is an American, long-running Old-time radio and early Television show created by George W The Black Rider is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe. Dr Fu Manchu is a Fictional character first featured in a series of novels by English author Sax Rohmer during the first half of the 20th century The Yellow Claw is a fictional Comic book Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe, created by EC Comics great ^[16][9]

After being sued by DC editor Jack Schiff over the comic strip Sky Masters (see above), Kirby returned full-time as an Atlas freelancer, drawing the cover and seven-page story "I Discovered the Secret of the Flying Saucers" in Strange Worlds #1 (Dec. Sky Masters of the Space Force is an American Comic strip created by Jack Kirby, featuring the adventures of an American Astronaut. Strange Worlds was the name of two American, Science-fiction Anthology Comic book series of the 1950s the first published by 1958). Initially with Christopher Rule as his regular inker, and later Dick Ayers, Kirby drew across all genres, from romance to war comics, crime stories to Westerns, but made his mark primarily with a series of supernatural-fantasy and science fiction stories — primarily involving giant, drive-in movie-style monsters with names like Groot, the Thing from Planet X; Grottu, King of the Insects; and Fin Fang Foom — for the company's many anthology series, such as Amazing Adventures, Strange Tales, Tales to Astonish, Tales of Suspense, and World of Fantasy. Christopher Rule (living status unknown was an American Comic book artist active from the 1940s through at least 1960 and best-known as legendary comics Artist Richard Bache "Dick" Ayers (born April 28, 1924, Ossining New York, United States) is a Comic book artist and Cartoonist Romance comics are a Genre of US Comic books that were most popular during the Golden Age of Comics. War comics is a genre of Comic books that gained popularity in English-speaking countries following Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West between the years of 1860 and 1900 The term supernatural or supranatural ( Latin: super, supra "above" + natura "nature" pertains to entities events Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting A drive-in theater is a form of cinema structure consisting of a large outdoor screen a projection booth a Concession stand and a large parking area for automobiles Fin Fang Foom is an extraterrestrial Dragon that appears in the fictional Marvel Universe, typically as an opponent of Iron Man. Amazing Adventures is the name of several Anthology Comic book series all but one published by Marvel Comics. Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. Tales to Astonish is the name of two American Comic book series and a one-shot comic published by Marvel Comics. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. World of Fantasy was a Science fiction / Fantasy Comic book Anthology series published by Marvel Comics ' 1950s predecessor His bizarre designs of powerful, unearthly creatures proved a hit with readers.

Then, with Marvel editor-in-chief Lee, Kirby began working on superhero comics again, beginning with The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. 1961). The landmark series became a hit that revolutionized the industry with its comparative naturalism and, eventually, a cosmic purview informed by Kirby's seemingly boundless imagination — one coincidentally well-matched with the consciousness-expanding youth culture of the 1960s. A youth subculture is a Youth -based Subculture with distinct styles behaviours and interests

For almost a decade, Kirby provided Marvel's house style, co-creating with Stan Lee many of the Marvel characters and designing their visual motifs. At Lee's request, he often provided new-to-Marvel artists "breakdown" layouts , over which they would pencil in order to become acquainted with the Marvel look. Artist Gil Kane summed up Kirby's influence in the following manner:

Highlights besides the Fantastic Four include Thor, the Incredible Hulk, Iron Man, the original X-Men, the Silver Surfer, Doctor Doom, Galactus, The Watcher, Magneto, Ego the Living Planet, the Inhumans and their hidden city of Attilan, and the Black Panther — comics' first known Black superhero — and his African nation of Wakanda. Thor is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. This article is about the comic book character and series For all other media appearances see Hulk in other media. Iron Man is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The X-Men is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. } The Silver Surfer is a Marvel Comics Superhero created by Jack Kirby. Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. Galactus is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Magneto (alias Erik Magnus Lehnsherr, born Max Eisenhardt) is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Ego the Living Planet is a Fictional extraterrestrial being that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Inhumans are a fictional race of Superhumans created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. The Black Panther ( T'Challa) is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe who is the first modern Black Simon & Kirby's Captain America was also incorporated into Marvel's continuity.

In 1968 and 1969, Joe Simon was involved in litigation with Marvel Comics over the ownership of Captain America, initiated by Marvel after Simon registered the copyright renewal for Captain America in his own name. According to Simon, Kirby agreed to support the company in the litigation and, as part of a deal Kirby made with publisher Martin Goodman, signed over to Marvel any rights he might have had to the character. ^[14]

Kirby continued to expand the medium's boundaries, devising photo-collage covers and interiors, developing new drawing techniques such as the method for depicting energy fields now known as "Kirby Dots," and other experiments. A collage (From the coller to glue is a work of formal art primarily in the Visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms thus creating a new whole Kirby dots (sometimes Kirby Krackle) are an artistic convention in Superhero and Science fiction Comic books and similar Illustrations Yet he grew increasingly dissatisfied with working at Marvel. There have been a number of reasons given for this dissatisfaction, including resentment over Stan Lee's increasing media prominence, a lack of full creative control, anger over breaches of perceived promises by publisher Martin Goodman, and frustration over Marvel's failure to credit him specifically for his story plotting and for his character creations and co-creations. He began to both script and draw some secondary features for Marvel, such as "The Inhumans" in Amazing Adventures and horror stories for the anthology title Chamber of Darkness, and received full credit for doing so; but he eventually left the company in 1970 for rival DC Comics, under editorial director Carmine Infantino. Amazing Adventures is the name of several Anthology Comic book series all but one published by Marvel Comics. Chamber of Darkness was a horror / Fantasy Anthology Comic book published bi-monthly by Marvel Comics that under this and Carmine Infantino (born May 24, 1925) is an American Comic book Artist and editor who was a major force in the Silver Age

Later life and career

DC Comics

The New Gods #1 (March 1971) Cover art by Kirby & Don Heck. Don Heck ( January 2, 1929 – February 23, 1995) was an American Comic book Artist best known for co-creating

Kirby returned to DC in late 1970, on a "five-year deal. . . a three year contract with an option for two more", with an arrangement that gave him full creative control as editor, writer and artist. He produced a series of inter-linked titles under the blanket sobriquet "The Fourth World" including a trilogy of new titles, New Gods, Mister Miracle, and The Forever People, as well as the Superman title, Superman’s Pal Jimmy Olsen. The Fourth World is the popular name given to a Metaseries of interconnecting Comic book titles written and drawn by Jack Kirby and published The New Gods are a Fictional race published by DC Comics, as well as the title for four series of comics about those characters Mister Miracle ( Scott Free) is fictional Superhero published by DC Comics. The Forever People are a Fictional group of Extraterrestial Superheroes published by DC Comics. Superman is a fictional Comic book Superhero widely considered to be one of the most recognized of such characters and an American Cultural icon Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen is an American comic book series published by DC Comics from October 1954 until March 1974 spanning a total of 163 issues Kirby picked the latter book because the series was without a stable creative team and he did not want to cost anyone a job. ^[18] The central villain of the Fourth World series, Darkseid, and some of the Fourth World concepts, appeared in Jimmy Olsen before the launch of the other Fourth World books, giving the new titles greater exposure to potential buyers. Darkseid is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by DC Comics.

Kirby later produced other DC titles such as OMAC, Kamandi, The Demon, and, together with former partner Joe Simon for one last time, a new incarnation of the Sandman. OMAC ( One-Man Army Corps) is a Superhero Comic book created by Jack Kirby and published by DC Comics. Kamandi is a DC Comics Comic book character created by acclaimed artist Jack Kirby. The Demon is a DC Comics Superhero series created by prolific Comic book writer-artist Jack Kirby. Sandman is the name of seven Fictional characters Superheroes appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics. Several characters from this period have since become fixtures in the DC Universe, including the demon Etrigan and his human counterpart Jason Blood; Scott Free (Mister Miracle), and the cosmic villain Darkseid. The Demon is a DC Comics Superhero series created by prolific Comic book writer-artist Jack Kirby. Mister Miracle ( Scott Free) is fictional Superhero published by DC Comics. Darkseid is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by DC Comics.

Return to Marvel

Kirby then returned to Marvel Comics where he both wrote and drew Captain America and created the series The Eternals, which featured a race of inscrutable alien giants, the Celestials, whose behind-the-scenes intervention influenced the evolution of life on Earth. The Eternals are a fictional race of Superhumans in the Marvel Comics universe. Kirby’s other Marvel creations in this period include Devil Dinosaur, Machine Man, and an adaptation and expansion of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey. Devil Dinosaur is a Marvel Comics character who resembles a red Tyrannosaurus rex. Machine Man ( X-51 /also called Aaron Stack) is a Fictional character created by writer/artist Jack Kirby for Marvel Comics. 2001 A Space Odyssey was the name of an oversized Comic book Adaptation of the 1968 film of the He also wrote and drew The Black Panther and did numerous covers across the line.

Film and animation

Still dissatisfied with Marvel's treatment of him, and with the company's refusal to provide health and other employment benefits, Kirby left Marvel to work in animation. In that field, he did designs for Turbo Teen, Thundarr the Barbarian and other animated television series. Thundarr the Barbarian was a Saturday morning Animated television series, created by Joe Ruby and produced by Ruby-Spears Productions The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic He also worked on The Fantastic Four cartoon show, reuniting him with scriptwriter Stan Lee. He illustrated an adaptation of the Walt Disney movie The Black Hole for Walt Disney’s Treasury of Classic Tales syndicated comic strip in 1979-80. For the 2006 film see Black Hole (2006 film The Black Hole is a 1979 Science fiction movie directed by Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales is an American Sunday Comic strip, which ran in newspapers from the early 1950s until 15 February 1987

In 1979, Kirby drew concept art for film producer Barry Geller's script treatment adapting Roger Zelazny's science fiction novel, Lord of Light, for which Geller had purchased the rights. A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. Roger Joseph Zelazny ( May 13, 1937 – June 14, 1995) was an American writer of Fantasy and Science fiction Geller, who additionally imagined using Kirby's set designs for a Colorado theme park to be called Science Fiction Land, announced his plans at a November press conference attended by Kirby, former NFL football star and prospective cast-member Rosey Grier, and others. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Football is the word given to a number of similar Team sports all of which involve (to varying degrees kicking a Ball with the foot in an attempt to score a Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier (born July 14, 1932 in Brooklyn, New York) is an African American actor Christian minister While the film did not come to fruition, Kirby's drawings were used for the C.I.A.'s "Canadian Caper", in which some members of the U. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The Canadian Caper was the unofficial name given to the Covert rescue by the Government of Canada of six American Diplomats who evaded capture S. embassy in Tehran, Iran, who had avoided capture in the Iran hostage crisis, were able to escape the country posing as members of a movie location-scouting crew. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Iran hostage crisis ( Persian: تصرف سفارت آمریکا was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States where 52 ^[19]

Independent comics

Topps Comics' Bombast #1 (April 1993). Topps Comics is a division of the American Trading card publisher and gum / Candy distributor the Topps Company Inc Cover art by Kirby

In the early 1980s, Pacific Comics, a new, non-newsstand comic book publisher, made a then-groundbreaking deal with Kirby to publish his series Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers: Kirby would retain copyright over his creation and receive royalties on it. Pacific Comics (PC is best known as one of the independent Comic book publishers that flourished in the early 1980s but was also a chain of comics shops and a distributor Captain Victory was a Comic book created written and drawn by Jack Kirby. This, together with similar actions by other independent comics publishers as Eclipse Comics, helped establish a precedent to end the monopoly of the work for hire system, wherein comics creators, even freelancers, had owned no rights to characters they created. The term "alternative comics" is one of several labels applied to a range of Comics that have appeared since about 1980 in the wake of the Underground comix Eclipse Comics was an American Comic book Publisher, one of several influential independent publishers during the 1980s and early 1990s A work made for hire (sometimes abbreviated as work for hire and WFH) is an exception to the general rule that the person who actually creates a work is the legally-recognized

Kirby also retained ownership of characters used by Topps Comics beginning in 1993, for a set of series in what the company dubbed "The Kirbyverse". Topps Comics is a division of the American Trading card publisher and gum / Candy distributor the Topps Company Inc Topps Comics is a division of the American Trading card publisher and gum / Candy distributor the Topps Company Inc These titles were derived mainly from designs and concepts that Kirby had kept in his files, some intended initially for the by-then-defunct Pacific Comics, and then licensed to Topps for what would become the "Jack Kirby's Secret City Saga" mythos. Secret City Saga is a concept and collection of various comic book titles created by influential writer-artist Jack Kirby, and published

Kirby died at age 76 of heart failure in his Thousand Oaks, California home. Thousand Oaks, commonly referred to as "TO" by residents is a city in southeastern Ventura County, California, in the United States.

Awards and honors

Jack Kirby received a great deal of recognition over the course of his career, including the 1967 Alley Award for Best Pencil Artist. The Alley Award was an American series of Comic-book fan awards first presented in 1962 for comics published in 1961 The following year he was runner-up behind Jim Steranko. James Steranko (born 5 November, 1938, Reading Pennsylvania, United States) is an American Graphic artist, Comic His other Alley Awards were:

• 1963: Favorite Short Story - "The Human Torch Meets Captain America,", by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, Strange Tales #114
• 1964: Best Novel - "Captain America Joins the Avengers", by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, from The Avengers #4
• 1964: Best New Strip or Book - "Captain America", by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, in Tales of Suspense
• 1965: Best Short Story - "The Origin of the Red Skull", by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, Tales of Suspense #66
• 1966: Best Professional Work, Regular Short Feature - "Tales of Asgard" by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, in The Mighty Thor
• 1967: Best Professional Work, Regular Short Feature - (tie) "Tales of Asgard" and "Tales of the Inhumans", both by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, in The Mighty Thor
• 1968: Best Professional Work, Best Regular Short Feature - "Tales of the Inhumans", by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby, in The Mighty Thor
• 1968: Best Professional Work, Hall of Fame - Fantastic Four, by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby; Nick Fury, Agent of S. Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. Thor is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Inhumans are a fictional race of Superhumans created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. H. I. E. L. D. , by Jim Steranko^[20]

Kirby won a Shazam Award for Special Achievement by an Individual in 1971 for his "Fourth World" series in Forever People, New Gods, Mister Miracle, and Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen. The Academy of Comic Book Arts is an American professional organization of the 1970s that was designed to be the Comic book industry analog of such groups as the He was inducted into the Shazam Awards Hall of Fame in 1975.

His work was honored posthumously with the 1998 Harvey Award for Best Domestic Reprint Project, for Jack Kirby's New Gods by Jack Kirby, edited by Bob Kahan. The Harvey Awards, named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman (1924-1993 and coordinated by the publisher Fantagraphics are given for achievement in Comic books

The Jack Kirby Awards and Jack Kirby Hall of Fame were named in his honor. With Will Eisner, Robert Crumb, Harvey Kurtzman, Gary Panter and Chris Ware, Kirby was among the artists honored in the exhibition "Masters of American Comics" at the Jewish Museum in New York City, New York, from Sept. William Erwin Eisner ( March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an acclaimed American Comics Writer, Artist and Robert Dennis Crumb (born August 30, 1943) often credited simply as R Harvey Kurtzman ( October 3, 1924, Brooklyn New York – February 21, 1993) was a U Gary Panter (born December 1 1950 in Durant Oklahoma) is an illustrator painter designer and part-time musician Franklin Christenson Ware (born December 28, 1967) is an American Comic book artist and Cartoonist, best-known The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous 16, 2006 to Jan. 28, 2007.

Legacy

The rooftop fighting and urban action were common in Kirby's superhero comics. They were drawn from Kirby's Depression-era youth on New York’s Lower East Side. In an interview, Kirby related that the conflict among rival gangs was incessant. The fighting was often staged up and down the tenement fire escapes, as well as in running battles across the neighborhood rooftops. ^[1]

The most imitated aspect of Kirby's work has been his exaggerated perspectives and dynamic energy. Less easy to imitate have been the expressive body language of his characters, who embrace each other and charge into everything from battle to pancakes with unselfconscious exuberance; and such constantly forward-looking innovations as the then cutting-edge photomontages he often used. Photomontage is the process (and result of making a composite photograph by cutting and joining a number of other photographs The "Kirby Crackle" is the often imitated technique of visually depicting crackling energy using an arrangement of black dots. Kirby dots (sometimes Kirby Krackle) are an artistic convention in Superhero and Science fiction Comic books and similar Illustrations He (along with fellow Marvel creator Steve Ditko) pioneered the use of visible minority characters in comic books, and Kirby co-created the first black superhero at Marvel (the African prince the Black Panther) and created DC's first two black superheroes: Vykin the Black in The Forever People #1 (March 1971) and the Black Racer in The New Gods #3 (July 1971). Steve Ditko (born 2 November 1927) is an American Comic book Artist and Writer best known as the co-creator of the The Black Panther ( T'Challa) is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe who is the first modern Black The Forever People are a Fictional group of Extraterrestial Superheroes published by DC Comics. The Forever People are a Fictional group of Extraterrestial Superheroes published by DC Comics. The Black Racer is a Fictional character, a Deity and Avatar of Death in DC Comics universe. The New Gods are a Fictional race published by DC Comics, as well as the title for four series of comics about those characters

Kirby’s daughter, Lisa Kirby, announced in early 2006 that she and co-writer Steve Robertson, with artist Mike Thibodeaux, plan to publish via the Marvel Comics Icon imprint, a six-issue miniseries, Jack Kirby’s Galactic Bounty Hunters, featuring characters and concepts created by her father. Icon Comics is an Imprint of Marvel Comics for creator-owned titles In the Publishing Industry, an imprint can refer to two different things It can mean a Brand name under which a work is published A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes

Comics historian and Kirby friend Mark Evanier wrote in February 2007 that his long-in-progress Kirby biography would be broken into at least two books, with the first of these to be an art book, Kirby: King of Comics, scheduled for publication October 2007 by publisher Harry N. Abrams. Mark Stephen Evanier (born March 2 1952) is an American Comic book and Television Writer, particularly known for his Harry N Abrams Inc is a book publishing company in New York City, New York founded in 1949 by Harry Nathan Abrams to publish high-quality art and illustrated books ^[21]

Several Kirby images are among those on the "Marvel Super Heroes" set of commemorative stamps issued by the U.S. Postal Service on 27 July 2007. A commemorative stamp is a Postage stamp issued to honor or commemorate a place event or person ^[22] Ten of the stamps are portraits of individual Marvel characters and the other 10 stamps depict individual Marvel Comic book covers. According to the credits printed on the back of the pane, Jack Kirby's artwork is featured on: Captain America, The Thing, Silver Surfer, Amazing Spider-Man #1, The Incredible Hulk #1, Captain America #100, X-Men #1, and Fantastic Four #3. ^[1][23]

Homages

• In the episode "The Forever War" of the 1998-1999 Fox Kids animated television series The Silver Surfer, an alien general offers the Surfer a beverage "made from the finest grapes in the Kirby Cluster. Fox Kids (officially Fox Family Worldwide Inc and prior to that Fox Children's Productions and Fox Kids Worldwide was the FOX network's children's programming division An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer "

• Jacob Krigstein, a character in The Authority comic books, is inspired by Jack Kirby. The Authority is a Superhero Comic book published by DC Comics under the Wildstorm imprint

• Rock group Monster Magnet referenced Kirby's cultural impact in their song, "Melt", which includes the lyrics, "I was thinking how the world should have cried/On the day Jack Kirby died. Monster Magnet is an American Hard rock band Hailing from Red Bank, New Jersey, the group was founded by Dave Wyndorf (vocals "

• Jazz percussionist Gregg Bendian's group Interzone recorded a tribute album, Requiem for Jack Kirby, in 2001. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Composer/percussionist Gregg Bendian was born on July 13th 1963 in Englewood New Jersey

• In Fantastic Four #511 (May 2004), when the team went to Heaven, God — depicted as an artist sitting at a drawing board — closely resembled Jack Kirby, the characters' co-creator. The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics.

• The mid-1980s independent comic Boris the Bear satirized the conflict between Kirby and Marvel Comics over the rights to Kirby's creations. Boris the Bear is a Black and white independent comic book that was published for 34 issues The eponymous Boris was given the "Cosmic Can Opener of Kir-By" with instructions to right the wrongs done against an entity known as "The King". Boris confronts "Jim Spouter" (a parody of Jim Shooter, then editor-in-chief at Marvel), who sets The King's own creations against Boris. James Shooter (born September 27 1951 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American Writer, occasional fill-in artist editor, and Spouter, eventually defeated sets off in a huff to create "the "Phew Universe", over which The King would have no control. The New Universe is a Comic book Imprint from Marvel Comics that was published in its original incarnation from 1986 to 1989

• In the animated television series, Superman: The Animated Series, the supporting character Dan Turpin, created by Kirby in the comic book New Gods, is modeled visually after Kirby. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Superman The Animated Series is the unofficial title of a Warner Bros Dan "Terrible" Turpin is a Fictional character published by DC Comics. Episodes #38-39, titled "Apokolips Now," were dedicated to Kirby's memory.

• The 1986 comic Donatello #1, a one shot centering around the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles character Donatello told the story of "Kirby and the Warp Crystal". In the American Comic book industry the term one-shot is used to denote a pilot comic or a stand-alone story created to last as one issue Donatello (sometimes shortened to Don or Donnie) a Fictional character, is one of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT It featured a character, based on Jack Kirby, whose drawings came to life. When Donatello goes into this artist's fantasy world, he finds characters based on the New Gods. The comic was made into an episode of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2003 animated series, "The King" which was also dedicated to him. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is an American animated series, mainly set in New York City. This is the list of the existing episodes of the 2003 TV series, by season and year

• Also, in a proposal for a character in the fourth live action TMNT movie (which was never produced), a fifth Turtle named Kirby was designed, who was named after Jack. ^[24]

• In the fourth volume of Mirage's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles there is a hospital called Kurtzburg Memorial Hospital which caters specifically to super beings, mutants and other special cases. Mirage Studios is an independent American Comic book company founded in 1983 by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, based in Northampton It is said in one issue that some of the super beings refer to Kurtzburg as the "father of us all".

• In Transdimensional Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, a supplement for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness, an example alternate dimension has a man named Kirby with a pen that gives him the ability to draw creations that come to life. Transdimensional Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was a supplement for the Role-playing game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness which covered setting Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness is a Role-playing game based on Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

• In Kurt Busiek's comic-book series Astro City, many Kirby references and tributes appear, such as a mountain called Mount Kirby, and the character Silver Agent, who a pastiche of Captain America, the Guardian, and Silver Star. Kurt Busiek (born September 16, 1960) is a Comic book Writer.

• Alan Moore's final storyline in Supreme: The Return features a character known as King, an inhabitant of Idea Space, who is clearly modeled after Kirby and is heralded by Kirby dots. Alan Moore (born November 18 1953 in Northampton) is an English Writer most famous for his influential work in Comics, including the acclaimed Supreme is a fictional Superhero created by Rob Liefeld and Brian Murray. Kirby dots (sometimes Kirby Krackle) are an artistic convention in Superhero and Science fiction Comic books and similar Illustrations The storyline features tributes to characters Kirby created or had a hand in defining, such as the Newsboy Legion, Guardian, the New Gods, and Doctor Doom. The Guardian ( Jim Harper) is a Fictional character, a DC Comics costumed hero

• In the series Mage one of the supporting characters is named "Kirby Hero". Mage is an American Superhero Comic book written and illustrated by Matt Wagner.

• The look of the adult swim animated television series Minoriteam is an homage to Kirby's art style. Adult Swim, (usually stylized swim with its signature square Brackets, is an adult-oriented Television network sharing channel space with Cartoon Minoriteam is an Animated television series on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. He is credited as "The King" in the show's end credits.

• In the Batman Animated series Etrigan the Demon allies with Batman and during a battle scene the window to KIRBY'S BAKERY is smashed.

• The 1995 movie Crimson Tide features a scene in which submarine sailors brawl over a disagreement as to whether the Silver Surfer as drawn by Kirby was better than the version drawn by Moebius. Crimson Tide is a 1995 Hollywood Submarine film starring Denzel Washington and Gene Hackman, produced by Don Simpson } The Silver Surfer is a Marvel Comics Superhero created by Jack Kirby. Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (born May 8, 1938) is a French comics artist. Second-in-command Ron Hunter (played by Denzel Washington) finally announces, "Now, everyone who reads comic books knows that the Kirby Silver Surfer is the only true Silver Surfer. Denzel Hayes Washington Jr (born December 28 1954) is an American Actor and director. Now, am I right or wrong?"

• Episodes late in the 2006-2007 season of the NBC superhero TV series Heroes include New York City scenes set at the fictional Kirby Plaza. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Heroes is an American Science fiction television drama series created by Tim Kring, which premiered on NBC on September

• Kirby appeared in an episode of Sabrina, the Animated Series, in which he is idolized by Sabrina's friend Harvey. Sabrina the Animated Series (often punctuated Sabrina The Animated Series, even in official promotional material is an American Harvey meets "Jack" at a comic book convention.

• He appeared in an episode of the TV series "The Incredible Hulk" as a sketch artist at a police station. He does a sketch of the Hulk as described by an eyewitness, and of course the drawing he does looks like one of his early illustrations of the character.

• In the Marvel title She-Hulk, the titular character is employed in her civilian identity by the law firm Goodman, Lieber, Kurtzberg & Holliway, Kurtzburg being the birth surname of Jack Kirby. She-Hulk ( Jennifer Susan Walters) is a Marvel Comics superheroine Created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Buscema, she Goodman Lieber Kurtzberg & Holliway is the name of a Fictional law firm featured in the pages of the She-Hulk comic books published by Marvel Comics

• In the 2003 film Daredevil, a forensic analyst by the name of Jack Kirby is portrayed by Daredevil comic author Kevin Smith. Daredevil is a 2003 Superhero film written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson. Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2 1970 is an American Screenwriter, Writer, Film director, Actor and Comic book writer

• The Freedom Force (2002 video game) franchise of video & computer games features characters designed in the style of Jack Kirby's art. Freedom Force is a real-time Tactical role-playing game developed by Irrational Games and published by Electronic

Quotes

Al Williamson: "If you told me or most of my buddies to draw fifty spaceships, they'd all look like they were built in the same plant. Al Williamson (born March 21 1931) is an American cartoonist comic book artist and illustrator of partly Colombian descent best known for his science-fiction If Jack drew fifty spaceships, they'd look like they were built by fifty different alien races. "^[25]

Joe Simon: "My favorite artist was Lou Fine. Joseph H Simon (born October 11, 1913) is a Jewish-American Comic book Writer, Artist, editor, and publisher Louis Kenneth Fine ( November 26, 1914 - July 24, 1971) was an American Comic book Artist known for his work He was also Jack Kirby's favorite artist. I know that Jack was a fan of and greatly influenced by Fine’s work. "^[26]

Selected bibliography

Marvel

• Captain America Comics (Golden Age) #1–10 (1941-1942)
• Various issues of "pre-superhero Marvel" science-fiction/fantasy stories in Amazing Adventures, Journey into Mystery, Strange Tales, Tales of Suspense, Tales to Astonish, Strange Worlds and World of Fantasy (1958 to early 1960s)
• Fantastic Four #1–102 (1961-1970)
• Incredible Hulk #1–5 (1962-1963)
• X-Men #1–17 + Annual 1 (1963-1965)
• Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #1–7 (1963-1964)
• Avengers #1–8 (1963-1964), #14–17 (1965)
• The Mighty Thor #126–177,179 (1966-70; continued from Journey into Mystery)
• Captain America (modern) #100–109 (1968-1969; continued from Tales of Suspense), #193–214 (1976-1977)
• The Eternals #1–19 + Annual 1 (1976-1978)
• The Black Panther #1–12 (1977-1978)
• Devil Dinosaur #1–9 (1978)
• Machine Man #1–9 (1978)
• 2001: A Space Odyssey (comics) #1–10 (1976)

DC

• Challengers of the Unknown #1–8 (May 1958 - July 1959)
• Adventure Comics #250–256 (July 1958 - January 1959)
• World's Finest #96–99 (September 1958 - February 1959)
• Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #133–148 (1970-1972)
• Forever People #1–11 (1971-1972)
• New Gods #1–11 (1971-1972)
• Mister Miracle #1–18 (1971-1974)
• The Demon #1–16 (1972-1974)
• Kamandi: The Last Boy on Earth #1–40 (1972-1976)
• The Sandman #1–6 (1974-1976)
• OMAC #1–8 (1974)
• Justice, Inc. #2–4 (July-November 1975)
• 1st Issue Special #1, 5-6 (April, Aug. Atlas Comics is the 1950s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into Marvel Comics. Amazing Adventures is the name of several Anthology Comic book series all but one published by Marvel Comics. Journey into Mystery was an American Comic book series published by Atlas Comics, and later its successor Marvel Comics. Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. Tales of Suspense is the name of an American Comic book series and two one-shot comics published by Marvel Comics. Tales to Astonish is the name of two American Comic book series and a one-shot comic published by Marvel Comics. Strange Worlds was the name of two American, Science-fiction Anthology Comic book series of the 1950s the first published by World of Fantasy was a Science fiction / Fantasy Comic book Anthology series published by Marvel Comics ' 1950s predecessor The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. This article is about the comic book character and series For all other media appearances see Hulk in other media. The X-Men is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Sgt Fury and his Howling Commandos are a fictional World War II unit in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Thor is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Eternals are a fictional race of Superhumans in the Marvel Comics universe. The Black Panther ( T'Challa) is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe who is the first modern Black Devil Dinosaur is a Marvel Comics character who resembles a red Tyrannosaurus rex. Machine Man ( X-51 /also called Aaron Stack) is a Fictional character created by writer/artist Jack Kirby for Marvel Comics. 2001 A Space Odyssey was the name of an oversized Comic book Adaptation of the 1968 film of the The Challengers of the Unknown is a group of Fictional characters in Comic books published by DC Comics. Adventure Comics is a Comic book series published by DC Comics from 1935 to 1983 Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen is an American comic book series published by DC Comics from October 1954 until March 1974 spanning a total of 163 issues The Forever People are a Fictional group of Extraterrestial Superheroes published by DC Comics. The New Gods are a Fictional race published by DC Comics, as well as the title for four series of comics about those characters Mister Miracle ( Scott Free) is fictional Superhero published by DC Comics. The Demon is a DC Comics Superhero series created by prolific Comic book writer-artist Jack Kirby. Kamandi is a DC Comics Comic book character created by acclaimed artist Jack Kirby. Sandman is the name of seven Fictional characters Superheroes appearing in Comic books published by DC Comics. This article refers to the Fictional character. For Swedish band Amon Amarth 's album see The Avenger (album. 1st Issue Special was a short-lived anthology series from DC Comics, done in similar style to their Showcase series -Sept. 1975)

Audio

• Audio of Merry Marvel Marching Society record, including voice of Jack Kirby

Notes

References

External links

• The New York Times (Aug. 27, 2003): "Jack Kirby Heroes Thrive in Comic Books and Film", by Elvis Mitchell