Close relationships

Affinity • Attachment • Bonding • Boyfriend • Casual • Cohabitation • Compersion • Concubinage • Courtship • Divorce • Domestic partnership • Dower, dowry, and bride price • Family • Friendship • Girlfriend • Husband • Infatuation • Intimacy • Jealousy • Limerence • Love • Marriage • Monogamy • Nonmonogamy • Passion • Pederasty • Platonic love • Polyamory • Polyfidelity • Polygamy • Psychology of monogamy • Relationship abuse • Romance • Separation • Sexuality • Serial monogamy • Sexual orientation • Significant other • Wedding • Widowhood • Wife  This box: view • talk • edit

In the contexts of sociology and of popular culture, the concept of interpersonal relationships involves social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. Affinity in terms of Sociology, refers to " Kinship of Spirit " interest and other interpersonal commonalities. Attachment in adults deals with the theory of attachment in adult romantic relationships Human bonding refers to the development of a close Interpersonal relationship between family members or friends NOTICE*************** Casual relationship is a term used to describe the physical and emotional relationship between two people who may have a Sexual relationship or a near-sexual relationship without Cohabitation is when people live together in an emotionally- and/or physically- Intimate relationship. Compersion is a term used by practitioners of Polyamory or Swingers to describe the experience of taking pleasure that one's partner is with another person Concubinage is the state of a woman or youth in an ongoing quasi-matrimonial relationship with a man of higher social status Courtship is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. A domestic partnership is a legal or Personal relationship between two individuals who live together and share a common domestic life but are neither joined by a traditional Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized A dowry (also known as trousseau or tocher) is the money goods or estate that a woman brings to her soon to be husband in marriage Bride price also known as bride wealth is an amount of Money or Property or Wealth paid by the groom or his family to the Parents of Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings Girlfriend is a term that can refer to either a Female partner in a non- marital romantic relationship or a female non-intimate Friend A husband is a Male spouse (participant in a Marriage, Civil union or Civil partnership. Infatuation is the state of being completely carried away by unreasoned passion or Love; addictive love The meaning of intimacy varies from relationship to relationship and within a given relationship Limerence, as posited by psychologist Dorothy Tennov, is an involuntary Cognitive and emotional state in which a person feels an intense romantic Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Nonmonogamy is a Blanket term covering several different types of Interpersonal relationship in which some or all participants have multiple marital, Passion (from the Latin patior, meaning to suffer or to endure is an emotion of feeling very strongly about a person Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family Amor Platonicus The term amor platonicus was coined as early as the 15th century by the Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino Polyamory (from Greek el πολυ meaning many or several and Latin la amor “love” is the desire practice or acceptance of having more than one Polyfidelity is a form of polyamorous Group marriage wherein all members consider each other to be primary partners and agree to be sexual only with other members The term polygamy (a Greek word meaning "the practice of multiple marriage" is used in related ways in Social anthropology, Sociobiology, and The psychology of monogamy deals with the thoughts feelings and behaviors that commonly occur in monogamous relationships Abuse refers to the use or treatment of something (a person item substance concept or vocabulary that is harmful NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** Legal separation (sometimes "separate maintenance" " divorce a mensa et thoro," or "divorce from bed-and-board" is a possible step towards Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display Serial monogamy is characterized by a series of long- or short-term exclusive Sexual relationships entered into consecutively over the lifespan Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage. WIDOW is a full-length Album recorded by British rock band Ritual released in 1983 A wife is a Female spouse or participant in a Marriage, or Civil union or Civil partnership. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes In Law, affiliation (from Latin ad-filiare, to adopt as a son is the term to describe a partnership between two or more parties Such persons may interact overtly, covertly, face-to-face; or may remain effectively unknown to each other (as in a virtual community whose members maintain anonymity and do not socialize outside of a chat-room). Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an Effect upon one another The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by Mass media to describe any form of Synchronous conferencing, occasionally even Asynchronous conferencing

Contents 1 Analyzing interpersonal relationships 2 The concept of relationship 3 Interpersonal relationships and other fields of study 4 Possible stages in the course of interpersonal relationships 5 Types of interpersonal relationships 6 Factors in establishing and maintaining relationships 7 Theories concerning interpersonal relationships 8 See also 9 Bibliography 10 References 11 External links

Analyzing interpersonal relationships

Sometimes an observer can detect explicit interactions that define an interpersonal relationship — such as body-language or dialogue. Body language is a term for Communication using Body movements or Gestures instead of or in addition to sounds verbal language or other communication A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities. Erving Goffman and his followers see any public appearance as a ritual built from a "ceremonial idiom". Erving Goffman ( June 11, 1922 – November 19, 1982) was a Canadian and American sociologist and writer A ritual is a set of actions often thought to have Symbolic value the performance of which is usually prescribed by a Religion or by the Traditions ^[1][2]

On the other hand, implicit interactions include standing in a shopping-line or in an emergency-room. Queue areas are places in which people in line ( First-come first-served) wait for goods or services

Human interactions often mix the explicit and implicit interaction modes.

An interpersonal interaction can constitute a social transaction of the form "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours". Some transactions facilitate further interaction between the participants and some act as Interpersonal violence consists of action, interaction and transaction — without necessarily terminating the relationship. Violence is the exertion of force so as to injure or abuse The word is used broadly to describe the destructive action of natural phenomena like Storms and Earthquakes

Context has great importance in meaningfully describing any particular interaction between people. Meaning itself can result from interpersonal interactions, most significantly in the developmental stage of life when one interacts with peers, parents and teachers. Socialization transmits culture. The term socialization is used by sociologists, social psychologists and Educationalists to refer to the process of learning one’s Culture Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Culture — in the light of social constructionism — forms how people construct their world and the relationships in it. Social constructionism and social constructivism are sociological and psychological theories of Knowledge that consider how social phenomena develop in

Analysts of interpersonal relationships (namely, any functioning humans) may view a relationship as focused (such as the sales-oriented relationship between a sales assistant and a customer) or as unfocused (as between passengers on a bus). People traveling to a football-match share a relationship — whether they support the same team or opposing teams. The significance of the relationship may not become apparent until they cheer or boo. In each case culture will tend to define the forms of both accepted and unacceptable interactions.

Interpersonal relationships vary in their degree of self-disclosure, feedback, power and respect — to name but a few aspects. Self-disclosure is both the Conscious and Unconscious act of revealing more about ourselves to others Feedback is a circular causal Process whereby some proportion of a system's output is returned (fed back to the Input. Power is a measure of a person's ability to control the environment around them including the behavior of other people Respect is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person a personal quality or ability or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability They vary in the extent to which culture and language define or construct them. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them They vary in the degree to which people can question, challenge or change relationships of relevance to themselves; and that degree of changeability itself can demonstrate power-differentials in a variety of interpersonal relationships and settings.

Relationships vary in the degree to which both intimacy and sharing occur — implying the discovery or establishment of common ground over time. The meaning of intimacy varies from relationship to relationship and within a given relationship Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space In its narrow sense it refers to joint or alternating use of an inherently finite good such as a common pasture or a Timeshared This article is about the interpersonal communication technique of finding common ground They may or may not center around things shared in common.

The concept of relationship

Interpersonal relationships as a category may have escaped public attention until the late 20th century:

The term "relationship", as applied to personal life, came into general use only twenty or thirty years ago, as did the idea that there is a need for "intimacy" or "commitment" in personal life. "^[3]

If valid, this view raises questions as to what has changed — and how — to bring about the result where interpersonal relationships receive so much attention — both in academia and in popular lore.

Teens and parents go through a stage where relationships are lost or broken up by the changes kids go through as they mature into adults.

Over 90% of all failed relationships result from a lack of honest communication and awareness.

Interpersonal relationships and other fields of study

The study of relationships beyond the merely personal involves fields such as mathematics, sociology, psychology and anthropology, to name but a few. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Every branch of science — to some extent — studies relationship and occurs in the context of interpersonal relationships. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding (Interpersonal relationships form and maintain the culture of science and its paradigms, and often prove more influential than evidence which may contradict a theory. The word paradigm ( Greek:παράδειγμα (paradigmacomposite from para- and the verb δείχνυμι "to show" as a whole -roughly- meaning "example" )

Game theory, a branch of applied mathematics and economics, studies two-person interactions in decision-making. Game theory is a branch of Applied mathematics that is used in the Social sciences (most notably Economics) Biology, Engineering, Applied mathematics is a branch of Mathematics that concerns itself with the mathematical techniques typically used in the application of mathematical knowledge to other domains Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes ( cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives Game theory can stand distinct from the "games people play" of transactional analysis, which may relate to relationship therapy. Transactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents is an integrative approach to the theory of Psychology and Psychotherapy.

The meaning of a particular relationship depends on the definition of the situation. The definition of the situation is a fundamental concept in Symbolic interactionism advanced by the American sociologist W The work of the sociologist Erving Goffman — particularly in his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life — suggests the degree to which one manages presentation of the self in every interaction. Erving Goffman ( June 11, 1922 – November 19, 1982) was a Canadian and American sociologist and writer The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life is a seminal Sociology book by Erving Goffman.

This points to the ultimate source of interpersonal relationship in intrapersonal communication. Intrapersonal communication is language use or Thought internal to the communicator What lies within each person and how each person communicates internally provides the source of meaning, of self-definition and of self-presentation in interpersonal relationships.

Martin Buber has written eloquently on this aspect of dialogue — with oneself and with an Other. Martin Buber ( 8 February 1878 – 13 June 1965) was an Austrian Israeli Jewish Philosopher, translator A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities.

Possible stages in the course of interpersonal relationships

1) Contact:

a) Perceptual: noticing how parties look at each other and their body-language. Body language is a term for Communication using Body movements or Gestures instead of or in addition to sounds verbal language or other communication

b) Interactional cues: nodding, maintaining eye-contact, etc. Eye contact is an event in which two people look at each other's Eyes at the same time

c) Invitational: encouraging the potential relationship (for example, suggesting a later meeting involving some social lubricant such as coffee)

d) Avoidance strategies: if one person discloses and the other does not: minimal response, lack of eye-contact, etc.

2) Involvement:

a) Feelers: hints or questions (for example: asking about family)

b) Intensifying strategies: furthering the relationship (for example meeting an old friend, bringing the other to meet family, becoming more affectionate, etc. A Strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal, most often "winning Affection is defined by the Random House Dictionary as "disposition or state of mind or body )

c) Public: parties seen in public together often (if in a romantic relationship, may involve holding hands)

3) Intimacy: parties very close; may have exchanged some sort of personal belonging or something that represents further commitment. The meaning of intimacy varies from relationship to relationship and within a given relationship Personal commitment is the act or quality of voluntarily taking on or fulfilling Obligations What makes personal commitment "personal" is the voluntary aspect (For example, a promise ring in a romantic relationship or a friendship-necklace identifying two people as best friends)

4) Deterioration: things start to fall apart. A promise ring is a ring that is indicative of a serious Promise made to oneself or another In a romantic relationship, typically after approximately six months, people move out of the so-called "honeymoon stage", NRE, or limerence and start to notice flaws. New Relationship Energy (often abbreviated as NRE is a state of mind experienced at the beginning of most significant sexual and romantic relationships typically involving heightened Limerence, as posited by psychologist Dorothy Tennov, is an involuntary Cognitive and emotional state in which a person feels an intense romantic The way they address this determines the fate of the relationship (see relationship counseling). Relationship counseling is the process of Counseling the parties of a relationship in an effort to recognize and to better manage or reconcile troublesome differences

Types of interpersonal relationships

Examples of categories of personal relationships may include:

• kinship relationships (including family relationships) involve relating to someone else:
  • genetically (consanguinity, as for example in fatherhood, motherhood)
  • through marriage (affinity, as for example as a father-in-law, mother-in-law, uncle by marriage, aunt by marriage)
• formalized intimate relationships or long-term relationships recognized by law and formalized through public ceremony (for example, the relationships of marriage and of civil union)
• non-formalized intimate relationships or long-term relationships such as loving relationships or romantic relationships with or without living together; with the "other person" often called lover, boyfriend or girlfriend (as distinct from just a male or female friend), or "significant other". Kinship is a relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin through either biological cultural or historical descent Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Consanguinity (" con- (with sanguine (blood -ity" refers to the property of being from the same Lineage as another person NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** An intimate relationship is a particularly close Interpersonal relationship. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society A ceremony is an activity infused with Ritual significance performed on a special occasion NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. An intimate relationship is a particularly close Interpersonal relationship. Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. Cohabitation is when people live together in an emotionally- and/or physically- Intimate relationship. NOTICE*************** Girlfriend is a term that can refer to either a Female partner in a non- marital romantic relationship or a female non-intimate Friend NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** If the partners live together, the relationship may resemble marriage, with the parties possibly called "husband" and "wife". A husband is a Male spouse (participant in a Marriage, Civil union or Civil partnership. A wife is a Female spouse or participant in a Marriage, or Civil union or Civil partnership. (Scottish common law can regard such couples as such after a time. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive Long-term relationships in other countries can become known as common-law marriages, although they may have no special status in law. Common-law marriage (or Common law marriage) sometimes called de facto marriage, informal marriage or marriage by habit and repute The term mistress may refer in a somewhat old-fashioned way to a female lover of an already married or unmarried man. A mistress may have the status of an "official mistress" (in French maîtresse en titre); as exemplified by the career of Madame de Pompadour. A mistress is a man's long term female Sexual partner and companion who is not married to him especially used when the man is married to another woman Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour ( December 29, 1721 &ndash April 15, 1764
• soulmates, individuals intimately drawn to one another through a favorable "meeting of minds" and who find mutual acceptance and/or understanding with one another. Soulmate (or soul mate) is a term sometimes used to designate someone with whom one has a feeling of deep and natural affinity Friendship, Love, Intimacy Meeting of the minds (also referred to as mutual assent or consensus ad idem) is a phrase in contract law used to describe the intentions of the parties Soulmates may feel themselves bonded together for a lifetime; and hence may become sexual partners — but not necessarily. A sexual partner is a person with whom one engages in sex acts.
• casual relationships, sexual relationships extending beyond "one-night stands" that exclusively consist of sexual behavior; one can label the participants as "friends with benefits" when limited to considering sexual intercourse, or regard them as sexual partners in a wider sense. Casual relationship is a term used to describe the physical and emotional relationship between two people who may have a Sexual relationship or a near-sexual relationship without A one-night stand is originally a single night theatre performance (usually a guest group on tour and today more commonly also a single sexual encounter between individuals Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display Casual relationship is a term used to describe the physical and emotional relationship between two people who may have a Sexual relationship or a near-sexual relationship without Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract A sexual partner is a person with whom one engages in sex acts.
• Platonic love, an affectionate relationship into which the sexual element does not enter, especially in cases where one might easily assume otherwise. Amor Platonicus The term amor platonicus was coined as early as the 15th century by the Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino
• friendship, which consists of mutual love, trust, respect, and (often unconditional) acceptance; and usually implies the discovery or establishment of common ground between the individuals involved; see also internet friendship and pen-pal. Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. Internet friendships are Friendships between people who have met Online, and in some cases know each other only via the Internet. Pen pals (or penpals or pen friends) are People who regularly write to each other particularly via Postal mail.
• brotherhood and sisterhood: individuals united in a common cause or having a common interest, which may involve formal membership in a club, organization, association, society, lodge, fraternity or sorority. A club is an association of people united by a common interest or goal An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and A voluntary association or union (also sometimes called a voluntary organization, unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions This type of interpersonal relationship relates to the comradeship/camaraderie of fellow soldiers in peace or war. Comrade means "friend" "colleague" or "ally" often with a Military or left-wing political Connotation. A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units
• partners or co-workers in a profession, business, or a common workplace. The term profession is applied to those persons who have specialized and technical skill or knowledge which they apply for a fee to certain tasks that ordinary and unqualified people cannot A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to Compare team. A team comprises a group of people or Animals linked in a common purpose
• participation in a community, for example, a community of interest or practice. In biological terms a community is a group of interacting Organisms sharing an environment. COI, Community of Interest is a means by which network assets and or network users are segregated by some technological means for some established purpose "CoP" redirects here This article is about "Communities of Practice"
• association, simply knowing someone by introduction or knowing someone by interaction.

Factors in establishing and maintaining relationships

The discovery or establishment of common ground between individuals provides a fundamental component for enduring interpersonal relationships. Loss of common ground, which may happen over time, may tend to end interpersonal relationships.

An observer of relationships can consider the motivation of each participant in the relationship. Does X love Y — or simply love what Y does for X? And vice versa.

In a longitudinal research study, psychotherapist Emily Kensington asked one hundred couples, “What do you love most about one another?" Answers indicating little depth generally correlated with the relationship experiencing "negative" outcomes. According to hearts-and-kisses. com, replies such "Because she's pretty" or "he's fun" emerge as negative predictors, indicating surface attraction. Relationships can evolve from the meeting of facile needs to a stable, committed companionship, and couples that can identify their attraction to positive partner-qualities such as compassion, intelligence, and an ability and willingness to communicate effectively have "better" outcomes. Compassion is a profound human Emotion prompted by the pain of others Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways though most involve participants who are interdependent on one another have a shared history Self-aware couples have a greater ability to recognize areas for potential growth, and to develop a plan to work on their relationship jointly. Self-awareness is the concept that one exists as an individual separate from other people with private Thoughts. Self-help or self-improvement refers to self-guided improvement—economically intellectually or emotionally—most frequently with a substantial psychological or spiritual ^[4]

Each relationship-type demands essential skills, and without these skills more "advanced" relationships cannot develop. Systemic coaching advocates a hierarchy of relationships, from friendship to global order. This article refers to the act of coaching people For other uses of the word see Coach (disambiguation Coaching -a definitionProminent Expertise in each relationship-type (in this hierarchy) requires the skills of all previous relationship-types. (For example partnership requires friendship and teamwork skills). Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings A general dictionary defines teamwork as a " Cooperative or coordinated effort on the part of a group of persons acting together as a team or in the interests of a common

Interpersonal relationships through consanguinity and affinity can persist despite the absence of love, affection, or common ground. Consanguinity (" con- (with sanguine (blood -ity" refers to the property of being from the same Lineage as another person With such relationships within prohibited degrees, sexual intimacy becomes the taboo of incest. Consanguinity (" con- (with sanguine (blood -ity" refers to the property of being from the same Lineage as another person A taboo is a strong Social prohibition (or ban) against words objects actions or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group culture Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo.

Legal sanction reinforces and regularizes marriages and civil unions as perceived "respectable" building-blocks of society. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. Respect is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person a personal quality or ability or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions In the United States of America, for example, the de-criminalization of homosexual sexual relations in the Supreme Court decision, Lawrence v. Texas (2003) facilitated the "mainstreaming" of gay long-term relationships, and broached the possibility of the legalization of same-sex marriages in that country. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Lawrence v Texas, 539 US 558 ( 2003) was a landmark United States Supreme Court case Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same

Intimate relationships often (but not always) involve an implicit or explicit agreement on monogamy — an agreement that the partners will not have sex with any third party. An intimate relationship is a particularly close Interpersonal relationship. Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract The extent to which society and partners may accept physical intimacy with other people varies. Physical intimacy is sensual proximity and/or touching It can be enjoyed by itself and/or be an expression of Feelings (such as close Friendship For example, a husband may react more favorably to his wife demonstrating physical affection with a female friend than to a similar demonstration with a male friend (see also jealousy).

Friendship may involve some degree of transitivity: one may become a friend of an existing friend's friend. Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings However, if two people have a sexual relationship with the same person, they may become competitors rather than friends. Competition is a rivalry between individuals groups nations or animals for territory or resources Accordingly, sexual behavior with the sexual partner of a friend may damage the friendship. See love triangle. A love triangle is a romantic relationship involving three people

Sexual relations between two friends may alter that relationship: either by "taking it to the next level" or by severing it. Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display Sexual partners may also class as friends: the sexual relationship may either enhance or depreciate the friendship. A sexual partner is a person with whom one engages in sex acts. Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings

The rise of popular psychology has led to an explosion of concern about one's interpersonal relationships (often simply called: "relationships"). The term popular psychology (frequently called pop psychology or pop psych) refers to concepts and theories about human mental life and behaviour that are purportedly Intimate relationships receive particular attention in this context, but sociology recognises many other interpersonal links of greater or less duration and/or significance. An intimate relationship is a particularly close Interpersonal relationship. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge"

One need not always regard relationships as necessarily healthy. Unhealthy examples include abusive relationships and codependence. Relational aggression, also known as covert bullying is a type of Psychological abuse in which harm is caused through or to relationships Codependence (or codependency) is a Popular psychology concept popularized by Twelve-Step program advocates

Some sociologists recognize a hierarchy of forms of activity and interpersonal relations, divided into:

• behavior
• action
• social behavior
• social action
• social contact
• social interaction
• social relation

Theories concerning interpersonal relationships

Social psychology and related spheres propose several approaches to the study and fostering of interpersonal relationships, among them:

• closure

• trust, as trust between parties can become mutual. This article provides a list of sociologists and major contributors to Sociology (even if they did not primarily work as sociologists Forms of activity and interpersonal relations in Sociology can be described as follows first and most basic are Animal -like Behaviors i Behavior or behaviour (see spelling differences) refers to the actions or Reactions of an object or Organism, usually In Sociology, social actions refer to any action that takes into account the actions and reactions of other Individuals and is modified based on those events In Biology, Psychology and Sociology social behavior is behavior directed towards society or taking place between members of the same species In Sociology, social actions refer to any action that takes into account the actions and reactions of other Individuals and is modified based on those events Social contact is a pair of Social actions with no further consequence - i Social interaction is a dynamic changing sequence of Social actions between individuals (or groups who modify their actions and reactions according to the actions by their Social relation can refer to a multitude of Social interactions regulated by Social norms between two or more people with each having a Social position Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Need for closure is a psychological term used to describe an individual’s desire for a quick answer as opposed to enduring ambiguity Trust is a relationship of reliance A trusted party is presumed to seek to fulfill policies, ethical codes Law and their previous promises In Social psychology, reciprocity refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action and responding to a negative action with another negative one This may lead to enduring relationships.

• social exchange theory, which interprets relationships in terms of exchanged benefits. Social exchange theory is a social psychological and Sociological perspective and that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between People will regard relationships in the light of the rewards of the relationship, as well as rewards they may potentially receive in alternate relationships.

• systemic coaching, which analyzes relationships as expressions of a perceived human need to give and receive love. This article refers to the act of coaching people For other uses of the word see Coach (disambiguation Coaching -a definitionProminent Transferences, entanglements and substitution can complicate relationships. Transference is a phenomenon in Psychoanalysis characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another Systemic coaching claims to offer solutions for many difficulties in relationships.

• equity theory, which stems from a criticism of social exchange theory. Equity Theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fair/unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships Social exchange theory is a social psychological and Sociological perspective and that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between Proponents argue that people care about more than just maximizing rewards: they also allegedly want fairness and equity in their relationships.

• relational dialectics, which regards relationships not as static entities, but as continuing processes, forever changing. Relational dialectics is a concept within Communication theory. This approach sees constant tension in the negotiation of three main issues: autonomy vs. Autonomy ( Greek: Auto- Nomos - nomos meaning "law" one who gives oneself his/her own Law) is the right to Self-government connection, novelty vs. predictability, and openness vs. Openness to experience is one of five major domains of personality discovered by psychologists closedness.

• attachment styles, which analyze relationships in yet another way. Attachment theory, originating in the work of John Bowlby, is a Psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory that provides a descriptive Proponents of attachment styles argue that styles developed in childhood continue influential throughout adulthood, influencing the roles people adopt in relationships.

• socionics and some other theories of psychological compatibility consider interpersonal relationships as at least partly dependent on the psychological types of partners. Socionics (соционика is a theory of information processing that incorporates elements of Carl Jung 's work on Psychological Types, Freud 's The concept of personality type refers to the psychological classification of different types of people

See also

Main list: List of basic relationship topics

• Relational disorder (proposed DSM-V new diagnosis)
• Adultery
• Affection
• Alternatives to marriage project
• Concubinage
• Courtship (Dating)
• empathy
• Forms of activity and interpersonal relations
• Historical pederastic couples
• Human bonding
• Interpersonal communication
• Monogamy, polyamory, polyandry, polygamy, endogamy, exogamy
• Single (relationship)
• Social interaction
• Social rejection
• Terms of endearment

Bibliography

• Anthony Lauria: "Respeto, Relajo and Inter-Personal Relations in Puerto Rico". According to Michael First MD of the DSM-V working committee the locus of a relational Disorder, in contrast to other DSM-IV disorders "is on the relationship rather Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is Affection is defined by the Random House Dictionary as "disposition or state of mind or body "Alternatives To Marriage Project" (AtMP is an American non-profit organization Concubinage is the state of a woman or youth in an ongoing quasi-matrimonial relationship with a man of higher social status Courtship is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage Empathy is the capacity to recognize or understand another's state of mind or Emotion. Forms of activity and interpersonal relations in Sociology can be described as follows first and most basic are Animal -like Behaviors i Over the course of history there have been a number of pederastic relationships between adult men and adolescent boys which have become part of the historical record Human bonding refers to the development of a close Interpersonal relationship between family members or friends Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways though most involve participants who are interdependent on one another have a shared history Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Polyamory (from Greek el πολυ meaning many or several and Latin la amor “love” is the desire practice or acceptance of having more than one In Social anthropology and Sociobiology, polyandry ( Greek: poly - many andros - man refers to a form of polygamous The term polygamy (a Greek word meaning "the practice of multiple marriage" is used in related ways in Social anthropology, Sociobiology, and Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a social group. Cultures who practice endogamy require marriage between specified social groups classes or ethnicities Exogamy has two related definitions both biological and cultural In relationships, a single person is one who is not married or in a romantic relationship Social interaction is a dynamic changing sequence of Social actions between individuals (or groups who modify their actions and reactions according to the actions by their A term of endearment is a word or phrase used to address and/or describe a person or animal for which the speaker feels Love or Affection. Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Apr. , 1964), pp. 53-67 doi:10. 2307/3316848

References

External links

• "What are friends for?" - three-part article in UK Guardian newspaper
• One Plus One
• [My Many breakups]

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic