Citizendia

"ISO" redirects here. For other uses, see ISO (disambiguation).


International Organization for Standardization
Organisation internationale de normalisation


list of members

Formation23 February 1947
TypeNGO
Purpose/focusInternational standard
HeadquartersFlag of Switzerland Geneva, Switzerland
Membership157 members
Official languagesEnglish and French
Websitewww.iso.org

The International Organization for Standardization (Organisation internationale de normalisation), widely known as ISO (pronounced /ˈʌɪsəʊ/), is an international-standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. International standards are Standards developed by international Standards organisations International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages International standards are Standards developed by international Standards organisations International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide A standards organization, standards body, standards development organization or SDO is any entity whose primary activities are developing coordinating Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization promulgates world-wide proprietary industrial and commercial standards. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A technical standard is an established norm or requirement It is usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria methods processes and practices It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation [1]

While ISO defines itself as a non-governmental organization, its ability to set standards that often become law, either through treaties or national standards, makes it more powerful than most non-governmental organizations. A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. In practice, ISO acts as a consortium with strong links to governments.

Contents

Name and abbreviation

Logo of the DEPP Organization for Standardization/Normalization in English
Logo of the DEPP Organization for Standardization/Normalization in English

The organization's logos in its two official languages, English and French, include the word ISO (pronounced /ˈʌɪsəʊ/), and it is usually referred to by this short-form name. A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people ISO is not an acronym or initialism for the organization's full name in either official language. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Rather, the organization adopted ISO based on the Greek word ἴσος (isos), meaning equal. Recognizing that the organization’s initials would be different in different languages, the organization's founders chose ISO as the universal short form of its name. This, in itself, reflects the aim of the organization: to equalize and standardize across cultures. [2][3]


International Standards and other publications

ISO's main products are the International Standards. ISO also publishes Technical Reports, Technical Specifications, Publicly Available Specifications, Technical Corrigenda, and Guides. [4]

International Standards are identified in the format ISO[/IEC][/ASTM] [IS] nnnnn[:yyyy] Title, where nnnnn is the number of the standard, yyyy is the year published, and Title describes the subject. IEC is included if the standard results from the work of JTC1 (the Joint Technical Committee). ASTM is used for standards developed in cooperation with ASTM International. ASTM International ( ASTM) originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials is an international Standards organization that develops and publishes The date and IS are not used for an incomplete or unpublished standard, and may under some circumstances be left off the title of a published work.

Technical Reports can be issued when "a technical committee or subcommittee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard",[4][5]

Members

A map of standards bodies who are ISO membersKey:     members      correspondent members      subscriber members      other places with an ISO 3166-1 code who aren't members of ISO
A map of standards bodies who are ISO members
Key:
     members      correspondent members      subscriber members      other places with an ISO 3166-1 code who aren't members of ISO

ISO has 157 national members,[6] out of the 195 total countries in the world.

ISO has three membership categories:

Participating members are called "P" members as opposed to observing members which are called "O" members.

Products named after ISO

The fact that many of the ISO-created standards are ubiquitous has led, on occasion, to common usage of "ISO" to describe the actual product that conforms to a standard. Some examples of this are:

ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1

Main article: ISO/IEC JTC1

To deal with the consequences of substantial overlap in areas of standardization and work related to information technology, ISO and IEC formed a Joint Technical Committee known as the ISO/IEC JTC1. ISO/IEC JTC 1 is Joint Technical Committee 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC) is a not-for-profit, non-governmental international Standards organization that prepares and publishes It was the first such committee, and to date remains the only one.

Its official mandate is to develop, maintain, promote and facilitate IT standards required by global markets meeting business and user requirements concerning

There are currently 18 sub-committees:

Membership in ISO/IEC JTC1 is restricted in much the same way as membership in either of the two parent organizations. SC22, or to give it its full title ISO/IEC JTC1 /SC22 is the international standardization subcommittee for Programming languages their environments and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 is a subcommittee of the ISO/IEC JTC1 joint technical committee which is a collaborative effort of both the International Organization for Standardization Biometrics ( ancient Greek: bios life metron measure refers to two very different fields of study and application A member can be either participating (P) or observing (O) and the difference is mainly the ability to vote on proposed standards and other products. There is no requirement for any member body to maintain either (or any) status on all of the sub-committees. Although rare, sub-committees can be created to deal with new situations (SC 37 was approved in 2002) or disbanded if the area of work is no longer relevant.

IWA document

Like ISO/TS, International Workshop Agreement (IWA) is another armoury of ISO for providing rapid response to requirements for standardization in areas where the technical structures and expertise are not currently in place. The utility harmonizes technical urgency industrial wide.

Criticism

With the exception of a small number of isolated standards,[7] ISO standards are normally not available free of charge, but for a purchase fee,[8] which has been seen by some as too expensive for small Open source projects. Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge [9]

ISO has garnered criticism for the handling of the standardization of Office Open XML (ISO/IEC 29500) and the ISO rubberstamping of OASIS approved standards like OpenDocument (ISO/IEC 26300). Microsoft's Office Open XML Document file format is currently Ecma International standard 376 approved on 7 December 2006. The OpenDocument format (ODF is a File format for electronic office documents such as Spreadsheets Charts presentations and Martin Bryan, Convenor of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 and WG1, is quoted by saying:

I would recommend my successor that it is perhaps time to pass WG1’s outstanding standards over to OASIS, where they can get approval in less than a year and then do a PAS submission to ISO, which will get a lot more attention and be approved much faster than standards currently can be within WG1.

The disparity of rules for PAS, Fast-Track and ISO committee generated standards is fast making ISO a laughing stock in IT circles. The days of open standards development are fast disappearing. Instead we are getting 'standardization by corporation'. [10]

Computer security entrepreneur and Ubuntu investor, Mark Shuttleworth, commented on the Standardization of Office Open XML process by saying

I think it de-values the confidence people have in the standards setting process,

and that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. Ubuntu Kubuntu Edubuntu Xubuntu Gobuntu --> Ubuntu Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African Entrepreneur who was the second self-funded Space tourist and Microsoft's Office Open XML Document file format is currently Ecma International standard 376 approved on 7 December 2006. He also noted that Microsoft had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer

When you have a process built on trust and when that trust is abused, ISO should halt the process . . . ISO is an engineering old boys club and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion … then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results . . . The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate lobbying and so you end up with something being a standard that’s not clear. [11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Discover ISO – Meet ISO. A series Paper in the A series format has a 1\sqrt{2} aspect ratio although this is rounded to the nearest millimetre ISO 3166 is a three-part Geographic coding standard for coding the names of countries and Dependent areas and the principal subdivisions This is a list of ISO standards that are discussed in Wikipedia articles Standardization (or standardisation) is the process of developing and agreeing upon technical standards. A standards organization, standards body, standards development organization or SDO is any entity whose primary activities are developing coordinating Terminology planning is a Planning activity for developing Domain communication largely according to the needs and requirements of Knowledge representation Headline text The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, the National Standards Body of India is involved in the development of technical standards (popularly known as Indian ISO (© 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.
  2. ^ ISO's name. ISO (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.
  3. ^ Discover ISO – ISO's name. ISO (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.
  4. ^ a b The ISO directives are published in two distinct parts:
    * ISO Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the Technical Work. 5th Edition (pdf). ISO/IEC (2004). Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.
    * ISO Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards. 5th Edition (pdf). ISO/IEC (2004). Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.
  5. ^ Free ANSI Standards. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros.
  6. ^ General information on ISO. ISO (© 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.
  7. ^ Freely Available Standards. ISO. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.
  8. ^ Shopping FAQs. ISO. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.
  9. ^ Jelliffe, Rick (2007-08-01). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Where to get ISO Standards on the Internet free. oreillynet. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.  “The lack of free online availability has effectively made ISO standard irrelevant to the (home/hacker section of the) Open Source community”
  10. ^ Report on WG1 activity for December 2007 Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG1 in Kyoto. boycottnovell. com (November 29,07).
  11. ^ Ubuntu’s Shuttleworth blames ISO for OOXML’s win. ZDNet. com (April 01,08).

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic