Indian American
Notable Indian Americans (left to right): Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar · Bobby Jindal · Kal Penn · M. Night Shyamalan · Sunita Williams
Total population
2,662,112[1] 0. This is a list of Indian Americans who are famous have made significant contributions to the American Culture or Society Politically Padma Vibhushan Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, FRS ( Tamil: சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர் English ˌtʃʌndrəˈʃeɪkɑr( Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (born June 10 1971 is the current Republican governor of the U Kalpen Suresh Modi (born April 23, 1977) known by his Stage name Kal Penn is an American Actor, producer, and political Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan (ˈʃaməˈlan ( Malayalam: മനോജ് നെല്ലിയട്ടു ശ്യാമളന്‍ Tamil: மனோஜ் நெல்லியட்டு Sunita Williams (born September 19 1965) is a United States Naval officer and a NASA Astronaut. 9% of the U. S. population
Regions with significant populations
New Jersey, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay Area, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Philadelphia, Washington-Baltimore
Languages
American English, Indian languages most commonly Hindi, Bangla, Gujarati, Marathi[2], Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu[3]
Religions
Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism and others

Indian Americans are Americans who are of Indian ancestry. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The City of New York Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area is a consolidated Metropolitan area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut The United States of America —commonly referred to as the India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The U.S. Census Bureau popularized the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with "American Indian". The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.

In North America the term Indian has an ambiguous meaning. Historically, Indian was commonly used to indicate Native American. If a more specific term was needed to differentiate; American Indian and East Indian were commonly used. American Indian has fallen out of favor and Native American is more commonly used to refer to the Indigenous peoples of North America. East Indian is still in common use. Currently South Asian is often used instead of East Indian. While some consider it derogatory, people of Indian origin use the term Desi to refer to the diasporic subculture of overseas Indians. Desi (or Deshi; ˈd̪eːsi or, Hindi: देसी Urdu: دیسی Punjabi: ਦੇਸੀ دیسی is a word originally from Sanskrit The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic For the term in biology see Subculture (biology. For the song by New Order see Sub-culture (song. The word "desi" means "countryman" in Hindi. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is

A number of Indian Americans came to the U. S. via Indian communities in other countries such as Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom (where around 2. Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 5% of the population is Indian), Trinidad & Tobago, South Africa, Canada, Guyana, Mauritius and nations of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Singapore. The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Singapore Indian Americans are mostly Hindu, Sikh, Muslim and Christian and are among the most highly educated in American demographics. ^[4]

Population

Numbers

According to the American Community Survey of the U. S. Census Bureau, the Asian Indian population in the United States grew from almost 1,678,000 in 2000 to 2,319,000 in 2005: a growth rate of 38%, the highest for any Asian American community, and among the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States after Hispanic Americans. Indian Americans are the third largest Asian American ethnic group, after Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans. Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent Filipino Americans are Americans of Philippine ancestry which trace back to the Philippines, an archipelagic nation in Southeast Asia. ^[5][6][7]

Settlement

The U.S. states with the largest Indian American populations, in order, are California, New York, New Jersey, Texas, and Illinois. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. ^[8] There are also large Indian American populations in Pennsylvania, Florida, Michigan, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, and Ohio as well. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The metropolitan areas with the largest Indian American populations are New York City, San Francisco/San Jose/Oakland, San Diego, Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington/Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, Detroit, Houston, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Charlotte, North Carolina and Atlanta. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the The Chicago metropolitan area is the Metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago in the United States and its suburbs The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, (not to be confused with the Los Angeles Metro Area which includes only Los Angeles and The Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area is a consolidated Metropolitan area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington The Delaware Valley is a term used widely to refer to the metropolitan area centered on the city of Philadelphia in the United States. Greater Boston is the area of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts surrounding the city of Boston Massachusetts. The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is a 10-county Metropolitan area defined by the Office of Management and Budget. The Dallas – Fort Worth – Arlington metropolitan area, a title designated by the U The town of Edison, New Jersey (total population 100,499) is 17. Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. 5% Indian American -- the highest percentage of any municipality in the United States. ^[9] But the mostly agrarian Imperial Valley, California near the Mexican border has a long history of Indian Americans (an estimated 21,000 live in Imperial County, California alone) since the first arrivals to the California desert in the early 1900s. The Imperial Valley is a region of southeastern California ( USA) located in part between the Colorado River and the Salton Sea, which Imperial County is a County located in the Imperial Valley, in the far southeast of the U The first American Sikh temples were in the Sacramento (Marysville and Yuba City) and San Joaquin Valleys (Lodi and Stockton) to serve the early wave of Sikh Indian workers arrived there. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The Sacramento Valley is the portion of the California Central Valley that lies to the north of the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta in the U The San Joaquin Valley (ˌsæn wɑːˈkiːn refers to the area of the Central Valley of California that lies south of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta In contrast with East Asian Americans, who tend to be concentrated in California and other areas near the Pacific coast, Indian Americans are more evenly distributed throughout the United States. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States ^[10]

Statistics on Indians in the US

In the year 2002, of the entire total 1,063,732 legal immigrants to USA from all the countries, as many as 66,864 were from India. According to the US census, the overall growth rate for Indians from 1990 to 2000 was 105. 87 per cent. The average growth rate for the whole of USA was only 7. 6 per cent.

Indians comprise 16. 4 percent of the Asian-American community. They are the third largest in the Asian American population. In 2000, of all the foreign born population in USA, Indians were 1. 007 million. Their percentage was 3. 5 per cent. From 2000 onwards the growth rate and the per cent rate of Indians amongst all the immigrants has increased by over 100 percent.

Between 1990 and 2000, the Indian population in the US grew 130% - 10 times the national average of 13%. Source: US Census Bureau

Today, Indian Americans are the third largest Asian American ethnic group following Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent ^[5][6][7]

One in every twenty-six Indians in the US is a millionaire, comprising 10% of US millionaires.

A University of California, Berkeley, study reported that one-third of the engineers in Silicon Valley are of Indian descent, while 7% of valley hi-tech firms are led by Indian CEOs. Source: Silicon India Readership Survey

Indians along with other Asians, have one of the highest educational qualifications of all ethnic groups in the US. Almost 67% of all Indians have a bachelor’s or high degree (compared to 28% nationally and 44% average for all Asian American groups). Almost 40% of all Indians in the United States have a master’s, doctorate or other professional degree, which is five times the national average. Source: The Indian American Centre for Political Awareness. ^[11] Thomas Friedman, in his recent book, The World is Flat, spells out the great paradox with the U. S. immigration of highly-educated Indian Americans: the fact that Indian taxpayer rupees are spent to educate few privileged members of the society, who then go on to benefit the American political economy^[12]

Socioeconomic

Education

Indian Americans have the highest educational qualifications of all national origin groups in the United States. According to the American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, there are close to 41,000 Indian American doctors. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health According to the 2000 census, about 64% of Indian Americans have attained a Bachelor's degree or more. The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and [2](compared to 28% nationally, and 44% average for all Asian American groups). Almost 40% of all Indians have a master’s, doctorate or other professional degree, which is five times the national average. (Source: The Indian American Centre for Political Awareness. ) These high levels of education have enabled Indian Americans to become a productive segment of the American population, with 72. 3% participating in the U. S. work force, of which 57. 7% are employed in managerial and professional specialties. ^[13]

Economics

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, Indian Americans have a median income of around $60,000 which is the highest of any national origin group in the United States and Merrill Lynch recently revealed that there are nearly 200,000 Indian American millionaires. The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. Merrill Lynch & Co Inc () is a global financial services firm This phenomenon has been linked to the "brain drain" of the Indian intelligentsia from India (source: Journal of Political Economy - University of Chicago Press). A brain drain or human capital flight is a large emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge, normally due to conflict, lack of opportunity Recently, however, there has been a drop in immigration of Indians from India to the United States. This is generally attributed to the improving economy of India. A large group of Indian Americans are presently second or third generation.

Indian Americans own 50% of all economy lodges and 35% of all hotels in the United States, which have a combined market value of almost $40 billion. (Source: Little India Magazine). A Duke University study reported that 15. Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. 5% of Silicon Valley startup companies were founded by persons of Indian origin. ^[14] In 2002, there were over 223,000 Asian Indian-owned firms in the U. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country S. , employing more than 610,000 workers, and generating more than $88 billion in revenue. ^[15]

Culture

Food

Indian Americans have brought Indian cuisine to the United States, and it has become established as a popular cuisine in the country, with hundreds of Indian restaurants and eateries nationwide. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the There are many Indian markets and stores in the United States. Some of the biggest Indian markets are in Silicon Valley, Chicago, New York City, the Philadelphia metropolitan area, and Edison, New Jersey. For the valley nicknamed "Silicone Valley" see San Fernando Valley. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. Areas with a significant Indian market presence also include Devon Avenue neighborhood/market in Chicago and Pioneer Blvd. Devon Avenue (dɨˈvɒn is a major east-west thoroughfare in the Chicago metropolitan area. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. in the Los Angeles region. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Other predominantly Indian neighborhoods are Journal Square in Jersey City, New Jersey, Jackson Heights in Queens, New York, Hillcroft Avenue in Houston, Texas and Richardson near Dallas, Texas. Journal Square is an area of Jersey City, New Jersey near the offices of the Jersey Journal newspaper Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Jackson Heights is a Neighborhood in north-western portion of the borough of Queens in New York City, USA. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Richardson is a city in Collin and Dallas Counties in the US state of Texas.

Entertainment

Hindi radio stations are available in areas with high Indian populations, for example, RBC Radio in the Tri-state Area of New York city, parts of New Jersey, Connecticut and New York state, Radio Humsafar, Desi Junction in Chicago, Radio Salaam Namaste in North Texas, FunAsia Radio, and Sangeet Radio in Houston. RBC Radio is a 24/7 FM/SCA Radio station providing Asian Indian programming that serves New York City and the Tri-State area of neighboring The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one The City of New York New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Radio Humsafar is a radio network providing South Asian programming to over 2 million listeners in several major cities around the world There are also some radio stations broadcasting inTamil within these communities. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. ^[16]

Several cable and satellite providers offer Indian channels: Asianet, Sun TV, Star TV, TV Asia, Udaya TV, Zee TV, Sony TV, NDTV and Gemini. Asianet is one of the leading Television channel companies in Kerala, India. Sun TV is a regional Tamil language Indian Cable television station Others have offered Indian content for subscription, such as the Cricket World Cup. The Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of men's One Day International (ODI Cricket.

Many metropolitan areas with high Indian-American populations now have movie theatres specialized for showing Indian movies (Bollywood, Kollywood and Tollywood. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Silicon Valley, for example has two such multiplexes: one in Fremont and one in San Jose). Fremont (ˈfriːmɒnt is a city in California, USA that was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the merger of five smaller communities Centerville

The Dallas - Ft. Worth Metroplex has a "Desi" Multiplex in the Richardson township. Desi (or Deshi; ˈd̪eːsi or, Hindi: देसी Urdu: دیسی Punjabi: ਦੇਸੀ دیسی is a word originally from Sanskrit The area also has a movie theatre that plays Indian movies, FunAsia. In 2006, the first 24 x 7 Desi F. M. station in North America was launched, Radio Salaam Namaste 104. 9 FM, in the Dallas area. A similar multiplex, featuring Indian film exclusively on two screens (and other international films on four additional screens) opened in 2002 in Cary, N.C.. Cary (ˈkeər'i is a town in Wake and Chatham counties in the U FunAsia owns all Desi multiplexes in the state of Texas including two(six and five screens) in Houston. (www. funasia. net)

In July 2005, MTV premiered a spin-off network called MTV Desi which targets Indian Americans. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. MTV Desi was a spin-off network from MTV that targeted Desis (people of South Asian origin as the name implies ^[17] It has been discontinued by MTV. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City.

Religions

Communities of Hindus, Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Jains, Muslims, Christians, and Jews from India have established their religions in the country. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The first religious centre of an Indian religion to be established in the US was a Sikh Temple in Stockton, California in 1912. Today there are thousands of Hindu, Sikh and Jain temples as well as Indian churches in all 50 states. As of 2000, the American Hindu population was around a million, and Hindus are the majority of Indian Americans^[18][19] There are many Hindu temples across the United States. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ISKCON, Swaminarayan Sampraday, BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha, Chinmaya Mission, and Swadhyay Pariwar are well-established in the U. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON) also known as 'the Hare Krishna ' movement is one of several Vaishnava groups Swaminarayan Sampraday ( Devnagari: सवमिनारायन सम्प्रदय Gujarati: સ્વમિનારાયન સમ્પ્રદય Chinmaya Mission was founded in 1953 by Swami Chinmayananda. It is administered from Central Chinmaya Mission Trust Mumbai. The Swadhyay Parivar is an association of people who study the Bhagavad Gita and carry out various activities of social good ( swadhyaya literally means self-study S.

There are many Indian Christian churches across the US; Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, Knanaya catholic, Indian Orthodox Church, Mar Thoma Church (reformed orthodox), Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church, Knanaya eastern orthodox, Church of South India, The Pentecostal Mission,India Pentecostal Church of God, and there are also a number of Indian Christians in mainstream American churches [3]. Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers constituting 2 The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Chaldean Rite Major Archiepiscopal Church in Full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (also known as Malankara Syrian Catholic Church Malankara Syriac Catholic Church) See also Syrian Malabar Nasrani Knanaya (Hebקנאים Malayalam ക്നാനായ Arقينان literally meaning "Knai people" are an Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (also known as the Malankara Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of the East, Orthodox Syrian Church of the East, The Mar Thoma Church is a Christian denomination from Kerala, the South Western State of India. The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church is the Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Kerala, India. See also Syrian Malabar Nasrani Knanaya (Hebקנאים Malayalam ക്നാനായ Arقينان literally meaning "Knai people" are an The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Church of South India ( Abbreviation: CSI) is a union of many Protestant Denominations spread throughout South India. The Pentecostal Mission (TPM, formerly known as Ceylon Pentecostal Mission (CPM, is a Pentecostal Denomination which originated in Ceylon now The Indian Pentecostal Church of God (IPC is the largest indigenous Pentecostal movement in India, with its headquarters at Hebron Kumbanad, Kerala Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers constituting 2 Indian Muslims generally congregate with other American Muslims, including those from Pakistan, but there are prominent organizations such as the Indian Muslim Council - USA. Islam in India is the second-most practiced religion after Hinduism. The history of Islam in the United States starts in the early 16th century, with Estevánico of Azamor being the first Muslim to enter the historical record ^[20] A large percentage of American Muslims are of Indian origin. The history of Islam in the United States starts in the early 16th century, with Estevánico of Azamor being the first Muslim to enter the historical record The large Parsi community is represented by the Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America. ^[21] Indian Jews are perhaps the smallest organized religious group among Indian Americans, consisting of approximately 350 members in the United States. Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history They form the Indian Jewish Congregation of USA with headquarters in New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous ^[22]

Swami Vivekananda brought Hinduism to the West at the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions. Swami Vivekananda (স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ Shami Bibekānondo; स्वामी विवेकानन्द Svāmi Vivekānanda) ( Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. There have been several meetings referred to as a Parliament of the World’s Religions, most notably the World's Parliament of Religions of 1893 the first attempt to create ^[23] The Vedanta Society has been important in subsequent Parliaments. Vedanta Society, and its variant Vedanta Centre, are terms covering organizations groups or societies formed for the study practice and propagation of Vedanta. Today, many Hindu temples, most of them built by Indian Americans have emerged in different cities and towns of America. A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites ^[24][25] Hindu philosophy and spirituality has greatly influenced American life. Hindu philosophy is divided into six Sanskrit ''{{IAST|āstika}}'') schools of thought or darshanas (literally "views" Sankhya Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality More than 18 million Americans are now practicing some form of Yoga. The word million In standard English, the -lli- in million is pronounced with an l-sound followed by a Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the In particular, Kriya Yoga was introduced to America by Paramahansa Yogananda. Kriya Yoga is described by its practitioners as the ancient Yoga system revived in modern times by Mahavatar Babaji through his disciple Lahiri Mahasaya Paramahansa Yogananda ( Bengali: পরমহংস যোগানন্দ Pôromohôngsho Joganondo, Sanskrit: परमहंस योगानं‍द In addition, A.C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada initiated a popular ISKCON also known as Hare Krishna movement while preaching Bhakti yoga. Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada ( Sanskrit:, abhaya-caraṇāravinda bhakti-vedānta svāmī prabhupāda, Bangla: অভয়চরনাবিন্দ The International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON) also known as 'the Hare Krishna ' movement is one of several Vaishnava groups The Hare Krishna Mantra, also referred to reverentially as the Maha Mantra ("Great Mantra" is a sixteen-word Vaishnava mantra made well Bhakti Yoga ( Devanāgarī: भक्ति योग is a term within Hinduism which denotes the spiritual practice of fostering loving devotion to God Rajan Zed, Hindu chaplain, delivered the first Hindu prayer in United States Senate in 2007. Rajan Zed is a Hindu and Indo-American leader who was invited to read prayers to the Nevada Assembly and the Nevada Senate, as well as the United

Ethnicity

Like the terms "Asian American" or "South Asian American", the term "Indian American" is also an umbrella label applying to a variety of views, values, lifestyles, and appearances. Although Asian-Indian Americans retain a high ethnic identity, they are known to assimilate into American culture while at the same time keeping the culture of their ancestors. ^[26] They may assimilate more easily than many other immigrant groups because they have fewer language barriers (English is widely spoken in India among professional classes), more educational credentials (Indian immigrants are disproportionately well-educated), and come from a democratic society. Additionally, Indian culture, like many other Asian cultures, puts tremendous stress upon achievement of the individual as a reflection upon the family and community.

The United States is also home to associations of Indians united by ethno-linguistic affiliation. The big organizations include Cultural Association of Bengal and their annually sponsored event the North American Bengali Conference, Telugu Association of North America (TANA), , Orissa Society of the Americas, Brihan Maharashtra Mandals of North America(BMM), Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America, Gujarati Samaj , Kaveri Kannada Sangha and Kannada Koota, Prabashi Federation of Kerala, Associations of North America(FOKANA), Punjabi American Heritage Society and Punjabi-American Cultural Association. The North American Bengali Conference is an annual conference held in North America to celebrate Bengali culture The Orissa Society of the Americas, or OSA is an organization whose stated goals are to promote the culture of the Indian state of Orissa in the United States The Federation of Tamil Sangams in North America (FeTNA established 1987 is an umbrella organization of many (but not all local North American Tamil diaspora organizations Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi These associations generally put on cultural programs, plays, and concerts during the major Hindu festivals (Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Padva, Pongal, Sankranti, Ugadi, Baisakh, Onam, Vishu ) and other religious (i. Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant Ganesha Chaturthi ( IAST: Gaṇeśa Caturthī Devanagari: गणेश चतुर्थी or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha Thai Pongal (தைப்பொங்கல் is a Harvest festival equivalent to a Thanksgiving event celebrated by Tamils across the world Sankranti is a national festival in India. The word is derived from sat and kranti, meaning "good movement Ugadi ( Telugu: ఉగాది Kannada: ಯುಗಾದಿ - from ಯುಗ yuga, era + ಆದಿ ādi, beginning the start of an era is the Boishakh ( Bangla: বৈশাখ Nepali and Sanskrit:बैशाख is the first month in the Bangla Calendar used in Bangladesh Onam is the state festival of Kerala. It is celebrated in honour of Mahabali, the mythical Asura king of ancient Kerala Vishu ( Malayalam:- (American Vjéshu ( Tamil:வீஷூ is Astronomical new year day festival held in the state of Kerala in South e. Christian) and cultural events(Christmas, New Years). The New Year is an event that happens when a Culture celebrates the end of one Year and the beginning of the next year

History and immigration

For main article see Indian American history

Timeline

• 1790: The first known Indian immigrant entered the United States as a maritime worker. This is a placeholder for chronicling the saga of Indians settled in the United States (and to a lesser extent the history of Indians in Canada)
• 1899-1914: First significant wave of Indian immigrants, mostly Sikh farmers and laborers form Punjab region of British India, start arriving in California (Angel Island) on ships via Hong Kong. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders They find employment on farms and in lumber mills in California, Oregon and Washington states.
• 1912: The first Sikh temple opens its doors in Stockton California.
• 1913: A.K. Mozumdar became the first Indian-born person to earn U. Akhoy Kumar Mozumdar (1864-1953 was a lecturer and writer of the New Thought Movement during the first half of twentieth-century America S. citizenship, having convinced the Spokane district judge that he was “Caucasian” and met the requirements of naturalization law that restricted citizenship to free white persons. In 1923, as a result of a U.S. Supreme Court decision that no person of East Indian origin could become a naturalized American citizen, his citizenship was revoked. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
• 1917: The Barred Zone Act passes in Congress through two-thirds majority, overriding President Woodrow Wilson's earlier veto. On February 4, 1917, the United States Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1917 (also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act with overwhelming majority Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. Asians, including Indians, are barred from immigrating to the U. S.
• 1918: Bhagat Singh Thind becomes the first person of East-Indian descent recruited by US Army on July 22, 1918. Bhagat Singh Thind, PhD, ( October 3, 1892 &ndash September 15, 1967) was an Indian American Sikh writer and East Indians are a Marathi -speaking Roman Catholic ethnic group based in and around the city of Mumbai ( Marathi: मुंबई Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He goes on to fight in World War I. A few months later, on November 8, 1918, Bhagat Singh was promoted to the rank of an Acting Sergeant. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• 1923: The US Supreme Court rules that people from India (at the time, British India, e. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. g. South Asians) are aliens ineligible for citizenship in United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind. United States v Bhagat Singh Thind, 261 US 204 ( 1923) was a case in which the United States Supreme Court decided that Bhagat Singh Bhagat Singh Thind becomes a citizen a few years later in New York -- he had earlier applied and been rejected in Oregon. Bhagat Singh Thind, PhD, ( October 3, 1892 &ndash September 15, 1967) was an Indian American Sikh writer and New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. ^[27]
• 1928: Dhan Gopal Mukerji wins the Newbery Medal, and thus becomes the first successful India-born man of letters in the United States. Dhan Gopal Mukerji ( Bengali: ধন গোপাল মুখোপাধ্যায় Dhan Gopal Mukhopaddhae) ( July 6 1890 &ndash July The John Newbery Medal is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children of the American Library Association (ALA to the author of the
• 1943: Republican Clara Booth Luce and Democrat Emanuel Celler introduce a bill to open naturalization to Indian immigrants to the US. Clare Boothe Luce ( 10 April 1903, New York City &ndash 9 October 1987, Washington DC) was an American Emanuel Celler ( May 6, 1888 – January 15, 1981) was a politician from New York who served in the United States House of Representatives Prominent Americans Pearl Buck, Louis Fischer, Albert Einstein and Robert Millikan give their endorsement to the bill. Pearl S Buck ( Traditional Chinese: 賽珍珠 Simplified Chinese: 赛珍珠 Pinyin: Sài Zhēnzhū ( June 26, Louis Fischer ( 29 February 1896 &ndash 15 January 1970) was a Jewish-American journalist Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22 1868 – December 19 1953 was an American experimental physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement President Franklin Roosevelt also endorses the bill, calling for an end to the "statutory discrimination against the Indians".
• 1946: President Harry Truman signs into law the Luce-Celler Act of 1946, returning to Indian Americans the right to immigrate and naturalize. The Luce-Celler Act of 1946 was proposed by Republican Clare Booth Luce and Democrat Emanuel Celler in 1943 and signed into being by President Harry
• 1956: Dalip Singh Saund elected to the US House of Representatives from California. Dalip Singh Saund ( September 20, 1899 – April 22, 1973) was a member of the United States House of Representatives. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. He was re-elected to a 2nd and 3rd term, winning over 60% of the votes. He is also the first Asian immigrant to be elected to Congress.
• 1965: President Lyndon Johnson signs the INS Act of 1965 into law, eliminating per-country immigration quotas and introducing immigration on the basis of professional experience and education. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ( Hart-Celler Act, INS Act of 1965,) abolished the national-origin Quotas that had been in place in the Dr. Satinder Mullick,Ph. d. Johns Hopkins Univ. , of Corning Glass Works is one of the first to receive the immigration in Nov. 1965-sponsored by Corning Glass WorksCorning Inc. under the INS Act of 1965. Corning Incorporated ( is an American manufacturer of Glass, Ceramics and related materials primarily for industrial and scientific applications The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ( Hart-Celler Act, INS Act of 1965,) abolished the national-origin Quotas that had been in place in the
• 1983: Asian Indian Women in America^[28] attended the 1st White House Briefing for Asian American Women (AAIWA formed in 1980 is the 1st Indian women's organization in North America)
• 1987: President Ronald Reagan appoints Dr. Joy Cherian, the 1st Indian Commissioner of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Dr Joy Cherian (PhD International business law is the first Asian American and first Indian American Commissioner at the United States Equal Employment Opportunity India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
• 1999: NASA names the third of its four "Great Observatories" Chandra X-ray Observatory after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar the indian born american astrophysicist and a Nobel laureate. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is a Satellite launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Padma Vibhushan Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, FRS ( Tamil: சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர் English ˌtʃʌndrəˈʃeɪkɑr(
• 1999: Filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan enters film history with his film "The Sixth Sense" becoming one of the all-time highest-grossing films, worldwide. Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan (ˈʃaməˈlan ( Malayalam: മനോജ് നെല്ലിയട്ടു ശ്യാമളന്‍ Tamil: மனோஜ் நெல்லியட்டு The Sixth Sense is a 1999 Psychological horror film written and directed by M
• 2002: Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, world renowned statistitian, is awarded National Medal of Science by President G. Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao ( Kannada: ಕಲ್ಯಾಂಪುದಿ ರಾಧಾಕೃಷ್ಣ ರಾಯ) FRS (born September 10, W. Bush
• 2007: Rajan Zed, Hindu chaplain, recites the first Hindu opening prayer in United States Senate in Washington, D. Rajan Zed is a Hindu and Indo-American leader who was invited to read prayers to the Nevada Assembly and the Nevada Senate, as well as the United C. Zed was interrupted by three protesters who were removed from the Senate chamber. ^[29]
• 2007: Bobby Jindal is elected governor of Louisiana and is the first person of Indian descent to be elected governor of an American state; he is inaugurated on January 14, 2008. Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (born June 10 1971 is the current Republican governor of the U The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common He is presently and historically the highest ranking Indian American in the United States government. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[30]

Classification

Main article: Racial classification of Indian Americans

According to the current parameters defining the official U.S. racial categories employed by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget and other U. US courts Courts have classified Indians as white and non-white without any real pattern until the crucial 1923 Supreme Court case United States v The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP S. government agencies, American citizens or resident aliens with origins in any of the peoples of modern-day India are classified as Asian American. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In US law, an alien is a legal term for a person, either a corporation or a human who is not a United States national. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian As with other modern official U. S. government racial categories, the term "Asian American" is in itself a broad and heterogeneous classification, encompassing all peoples with origins in the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Heterogeneous is an adjective used to describe an object or system consisting of multiple items having a large number of structural variations The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. For further discussion on the term Asian American, please see that article. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian

In previous decades, Indian Americans were also variously classified as White American, the "Hindu race", and Other. ^[31] Even today, where individual Indian Americans do not racially self-identify, and instead report Muslim (or a sect of Islam such as Shi'ite or Sunni), Jewish, and Zoroastrian as their "race" in the "Some other race" section without noting their country of origin, they are automatically tallied as white. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ^[32] This may result in the counting of persons such as Indian Muslims, Indian Jews, and Indian Zoroastrians as white, if they solely report their religious heritage without their national origin. Islam in India is the second-most practiced religion after Hinduism. Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history

Current social issues

Discrimination

Explicit discrimination is not widespread, but has been known to happen in certain instances. In the 1980s, a faction group known as the Dotbusters tried to intimidate Indian Americans in Jersey City, New Jersey. Dotbusters was a Street gang in Jersey City New Jersey that attacked and threatened South Asians in the fall of 1987. Implicit racial discrimination, as well as stereotyping and scapegoating of Indian Americans have been studied in recent years. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group scapegoat was a Goat that was driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement in Judaism during the times ^[33] In particular, racial discrimination of Indian Americans in the workplace has been correlated with Indophobia due to the rise in outsourcing/offshoring paranoia, whereby Indian Americans are blamed for US companies offshoring white-collar labor to India. Indophobia refers to hostility towards Indians and Indian culture and prejudices against South Asian peoples including Pakistanis Bangladeshis Outsourcing is Subcontracting a process such as product design or Manufacturing, to a Third-party company Offshore may refer to oil and Natural gas production at sea see Oil platform. White-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated Worker who performs semi-professional office administrative and sales coordination tasks as opposed to India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ^[34][35] According to the offices of the Congressional Caucus on India, many Indian Americans are severely concerned of a backlash, though nothing serious has taken place yet. ^[35]Due to various socio-cultural reasons, implicit racial discrimination against Indian Americans largely go unreported by the Indian American community. ^[33]

Numerous cases of religious stereotyping of American Hindus (mainly of Indian origin) have also been documented^[36]. The advent of Hinduism in the United States has long been a subject for debate Muslims among Indian Americans face the same religious prejudices that Muslims in the US face in general.

Since September 11, there have been scattered incidents of Indian Americans becoming mistaken targets for hate crimes. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Hate crimes (also known as bias motivated crimes) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain Social group, usually defined In one example, a Sikh, Balbir Singh Sodhi, was murdered at a Phoenix gas station by a white supremacist. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Balbir Singh Sodhi ( 1949 - September 15, 2001) was a Mesa, Arizona, gas station owner who was murdered in the aftermath of the Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. This happened after September 11, and the murderer claimed that his turban made him think that the victim was a Middle Eastern American. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul The turban (from Persian fa دلبند or دولبند dulband via the Turkish tr tülbent) is a headdress consisting of a long In another example, a pizza deliverer was mugged and beaten in Massachusetts for "being Muslim" though the victim pleaded with the assailants that he was in fact Hindu. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. ^[37]

On April 5, 2006, the Hindu Mandir of Minnesota was vandalised on the basis of religious discrimination. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Religious discrimination is valuing or treating a person or group differently because of what they do or do not believe The vandalisers damaged much of the temple property, including many statues that were specially transported from India. This caused $200,000 worth of damage. ^[38][39][40]

On August 11, 2006, Senator George Allen singled out an American born political staffer of Indian ancestry, in a crowd by calling him "macaca" and sarcastically saying, "welcome to America. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. George Felix Allen (born March 8 1952 is a former Republican United States Senator from the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the son of former Macaca is a pejorative epithet used by Francophone colonialists in Central Africa 's Belgian Congo for the native population " Some members of the Indian American community saw Allen's insult, and the massive backlash that led to Allen losing his re-election bid, as "a cultural turning point" demonstrating the newfound confidence of Indian-born U. The Virginia Senate election of 2006 was held on November 7, 2006. S. citizens. ^[41]

The number of racially-motivated murders of Indian American students has also increased. Of significance is the December 14. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people 2007 killing of two Indian Ph. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. D. students at Louisiana State University. The motive behind the killings is unknown; nothing was stolen however, and the murders occurred near the officers of then Governor-elect Bobby Jindal, an Indian American himself, raising concerns of a racially-motivated killing, later investigated by the Indian Embassy in Washington. ^[42][43]. In another incident that took place on January 18, 2008, second-year student Abhijit Mahato was murdered at Duke University. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. The motives were again unknown. ^[44][45]

See also: Stereotypes of South Asians

Immigration

Indians are among the largest ethnic groups legally immigrating to the United States. Stereotypes of South Asians are oversimplified ethnic stereotypes of South Asian people and are found in many Western societies. The immigration of Indian Americans has taken place in several waves since the first Indian American came to the United States in the 1700s. A major wave of immigration to California from the region of Punjab took place in the first decade of the 20th century. Another significant wave followed in the 1950s which mainly included students and professionals. The elimination of immigration quotas in 1965 spurred successively larger waves of immigrants in the late 1970s and early 1980s. With the technology boom of the 1990s, the largest influx of Indians arrived between 1995 and 2000. .

Media

Main article: List of Indian American media

Main article: List of Indian Americans

Politics

Several groups have tried to create a unified or dominant voice for the Indian American community in political affairs, including US India PAC. The following is a list of media with Indian American subject matter This is a list of Indian Americans who are famous have made significant contributions to the American Culture or Society Politically ^[46] Additionally, there are also industry-wide Indian American groupings including the Asian American Hotel Owners Association and the Association of American Physicians of Indian Origin. Despite being heavily religious and having the highest average household income among all ancestry groups in the United States, Indian Americans tend to be more liberal and tend to vote overwhelmingly for Democrats. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Polls before the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election showed Indian Americans favoring Democratic candidate John Kerry favored over Republican George W. Bush by a 53% to 14% margin (nearly a 4 to 1 ratio), with 30% undecided at the time. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. ^[47] The Republican party has tried to target this community,^[48] and several prominent conservative activists are of Indian origin.

In 2007, Republican Congressman Bobby Jindal became the first United States Governor of Indian descent when he was overwhelmingly elected Governor of Louisiana^[49]

Indian American voters have shown support for both the Democratic and Republican parties and have had political candidates of both parties. Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (born June 10 1971 is the current Republican governor of the U Colonial period (French and Spanish governors See also List of colonial governors of Louisiana United States territorial period The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. A list of notable Indian American politicians and commentators can be found here. This is a list of Indian Americans who are famous have made significant contributions to the American Culture or Society Politically

See also

• Desi
• Indian diaspora
• List of Indian Americans
• List of Indian American media
• Model minority
• Demography of the United States
• Hinduism in the United States
• Islam in the United States
• Jainism in the United States
• Sikhism in the United States
• American-Born Confused Desi
• United States foreign born per capita income
• Demographics of India
• Punjabi
• Indian students abroad

Footnotes

Further reading

1970s America - An Indian Student's Journey http://www.nariphaltan.org/usexp.pdf

External links

Associations

• Indian American Leadership Initiative
• Indian American Center for Political Awareness
• Indian American Directory
• Brihan Maharashtra Mandal of North America- Umbrella of all Marathi mandals in North America
• Association of Kannada Kootas of America
• Asian Indian Women in America
• South Asian Awareness Network Conference
• Bharati Tamil Sangam (BATS) The Indian Hindu Cultural Tamil Group in the U.S.
• Tamil organization in the U.S.
• Kannada Speaking organization in the U.S
• Federation of Kerala Associations in North America
• Telugu associations in the U.S.
• Community for the Indians Returning to India from the U.S.
• Indian student associations in the U.S.
• South Asian Bar Association of Southern California
• Asian Indian Women's Association of Michigan
• Baton Rouge Bengali Association of Baton Rouge
• American Telugu Association
• Telugu Association of North America

Articles

• Stereotypes in Schooling: Negative Pressures in the American Educational System on Hindu Identity Formation by Yvette Rosser
• 1970s America - An Indian Student's Journey

News

• Asian-Americans' diverse voices share similar stories
• The Indian-American population boom - September 1, 2006, Rediff. Yvette Rosser is an American author and scholar Yvette Rosser was born on January 31 1952. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. com
• CNN.com: "India's influence soars: The 'un-China' could be world's next economic superpower", June 18, 2006 (summary of TIME Magazine cover story)
• The Indian Express, December 17, 2004: "Indians are No 1 among Asians in US, census shows"
• ModelMinority.com, March 10, 2004: "Indian-Americans Fear Outsourcing Impact: Worries about technical-job losses, discrimination" (reprint of March 3, 2004 Financial Times article by Amy Yee)
• Echoes of Freedom: South Asian Pioneers in California, 1899-1965 (University of California at Berkeley's South/Southeast Asia Library's online exhibit, last updated October 3, 2001)
• Newsweek, March 6, 2006: "My Two Lives" by Jhumpa Lahiri ('The Pulitzer-winning writer felt intense pressure to be at once 'loyal to the old world and fluent in the new. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ')