Citizendia

Huntsville, Alabama
Nickname: "Rocket City"
Coordinates: 34°42′49″N 86°35′10″W / 34.71361, -86.58611
CountryUnited States
StateAlabama
CountiesMadison, Limestone
Government
 - MayorLoretta Spencer
Area
 - City202. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. ImageAlabama counties mappng|thumb|right|310px|Alabama counties (clickable mappoly 210 83 208 83 199 75 188 75 176 70 171 70 165 Madison County is a County of the US state of Alabama, and is a major part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. Limestone County is a County of the US state of Alabama, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Metro Area. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Loretta Purdy Spencer is the Mayor of Huntsville Alabama. Her first term began October 4, 1996, and her current term ends in October 2008 Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 4 sq mi (323. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 8 km²)
 - Land202 sq mi (323. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 2 km²)
 - Water0. 4 sq mi (0. 6 km²)
Elevation600 ft (193 m)
Population (2006)[1]
 - City168,132
 - Density963. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi (372. 14/km²)
 - Metro368,661
Time zoneCST (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST)CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes35800–35899
Area code(s)256
FIPS code01-37000
GNIS feature ID0151827
Website: http://www.hsvcity.com/
Huntsville, Alabama (top center), near the Tennessee border, is north of Birmingham and northeast of Decatur, across the Tennessee River flowing northwest.
Huntsville, Alabama (top center), near the Tennessee border, is north of Birmingham and northeast of Decatur, across the Tennessee River flowing northwest. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Birmingham (ˈbɝmɪŋhæm is the largest City in the US state of Alabama and is the County seat of Jefferson County. Decatur is a city in Limestone and Morgan Counties in the US state of Alabama. The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River.

Huntsville is a city in Madison County in the U.S. state of Alabama, and the county seat of Madison County. Madison County is a County of the US state of Alabama, and is a major part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. [2] Huntsville is the largest city in northern Alabama in a region of a half-million people, with the city proper having 168,132 residents (2006 estimate). North Alabama is a region of the US state of Alabama, generally considered to include 12 counties: Cherokee, Colbert, [1] Started with a single cabin in 1805, the city was incorporated six years later as Twickenham. However, it was renamed "Huntsville" (after first settler John Hunt) during the War of 1812, and has grown across nearby hills and along the Tennessee River, adding textile mills, then munitions factories, to become a major city, hosting the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and Redstone Arsenal. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Ammunition, often referred to as ammo, is a generic term derived from the French language la munition which The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel Redstone Arsenal is a US Army post and a Census-designated place (CDP located next to the city of Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama

Huntsville is the largest core city of the four-county large Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. Counties Lawrence Limestone Madison Morgan Metropolitan areas

Contents

As of the 2000 census, the population of Huntsville was 164,570. As of 2006 Census estimates the Huntsville Metropolitan Area had a population of 368,661 with the city proper having 168,132 residents. [1] Huntsville, and its cross-river neighbor Decatur, combine their separate metro areas to form the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area, which, in 2004, had a total population of 510,088. Decatur is a city in Limestone and Morgan Counties in the US state of Alabama. Counties Lawrence Limestone Madison Morgan Metropolitan areas

History

First settlers

The Big Spring, basis of street plan in Twickenham (renamed in 1812 to "Huntsville").
The Big Spring, basis of street plan in Twickenham (renamed in 1812 to "Huntsville").

Huntsville is named after Revolutionary War veteran John Hunt, the first settler of the land around the Big Spring. Big Spring International Park (or Big Spring Park, for short is located in downtown Huntsville Alabama. However, Hunt did not properly register his claim, and the area was purchased by Leroy Pope, who imposed the name Twickenham on the area to honor the home village of his distant kinsman Alexander Pope. LeRoy Pope ( Jan 30 1765 – June 17 1844) was a prominent American planter lawyer and early settler of Madison County Alabama Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744 is generally regarded as the greatest English Poet of the eighteenth century best known for his Satirical

Twickenham was carefully planned, with streets laid out on the northeast to southwest direction based on the Big Spring (see images below). However, due to anti-English sentiment during the War of 1812, the name was changed to Huntsville to honor John Hunt, who had been forced to move to other land south of the new city.

Both John Hunt and Leroy Pope were Freemasons and charter members of Helion Lodge #1. Helion Lodge #1 is a Masonic lodge in Huntsville Alabama. It is the oldest lodge of Freemasons in the state [3]

Incorporation 1811

In 1811, Huntsville became the first incorporated town in Alabama. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year However, the recognized "birth" year of the city is 1805, the year of John Hunt's arrival. Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The city's sesquicentennial anniversary was held in 1955 and the bicentennial was celebrated in 2005. An anniversary (from the Latin anniversarius, from the words for year and to turn meaning (returning yearly known in English since c. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Emerging industries

Huntsville's quick growth was from wealth generated by the cotton and railroad industries. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Many wealthy planters moved into the area from Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas. In 1819, Huntsville hosted a constitutional convention in Walker Allen's large cabinetmaking shop. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The forty-four delegates meeting there wrote a constitution for the new state of Alabama. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. In accordance with the new state constitution, Huntsville became Alabama's first capital when the state was admitted to the Union. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This was a temporary designation for one legislative session only, and the capital was then moved to another temporary location, Cahawba, until the legislature selected a permanent capital. Cahaba, also spelled Cahawba, was the first permanent state Capital of Alabama from 1820 to 1825 (Today, the capital is Montgomery. Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U )

Civil War

Bird's Eye View of 1871 Huntsville, Alabama.
Bird's Eye View of 1871 Huntsville, Alabama.

In 1855, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was constructed through Huntsville, becoming the first railway to link the Atlantic seacoast with the Mississippi River. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year 1885MemphisandCharlestonYard-Memphisjpg|thumb|left|Memphis Yard in 1885]]The Memphis and Charleston Railroad, completed in 1857 was the first Railroad in the United States Huntsville initially opposed secession from the Union in 1861, but provided many men for the state's defense when Abraham Lincoln called for an invasion of the South. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The 4th Alabama Infantry Regiment, led by Col. Egbert J. Jones of Huntsville, distinguished itself at the Battle of Mannasas/Bull Run, the first major encounter of the American Civil War. Background Brig Gen Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Fourth Alabama Infantry, which contained two Huntsville companies, were the first Alabama troops to fight in the war and were present at the end when Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox in April 1865. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Eight generals of the war were born in or near Huntsville, evenly split with four on each side.

On the morning of April 11, 1862, Union troops led by General Ormsby M. Mitchel seized Huntsville to sever the Confederacy's rail communications. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Ormbsy MacKnight (or McKnight Mitchel ( July 20, 1805 &ndash October 30, 1862) was an American Astronomer and major The Union troops were forced to retreat some months later, but returned to Huntsville in the fall of 1863 and thereafter used the city as a base of operations for the remainder of the war. While many homes and villages in the surrounding countryside were burned in retaliation for the active guerrilla warfare in the area, Huntsville itself was spared because it housed the occupying Union Army.

After the Civil War

Child workers at Merrimac Mills in Huntsville, November 1910. Photographed by Lewis Hine.
Child workers at Merrimac Mills in Huntsville, November 1910. Child labor is the employment of Children at regular and sustained labour Photographed by Lewis Hine. Lewis Wickes Hine ( September 26, 1874 – November 3, 1940) was an American Photographer.

After the Civil War, Huntsville became a center for cotton textile mills, such as Lincoln, Dallas and Merrimack. Each mill had its own housing community that included everything the mill workers needed (schools, churches, grocery stores, theatres, and hardware stores, all within walking distance of the mill).

Great Depression 1930s

During the 1930s, industry declined in Huntsville due to the Great Depression. Huntsville became known as the Watercress Capital of the World[4] because of its abundant harvest in the area. Watercresses ( Nasturtium officinale, N microphyllum; formerly Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, R Madison County led Alabama in cotton production during this time. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp [4]

World War II

By 1940, Huntsville was still a small quiet town with a population of only 13,150 inhabitants. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This quickly changed at the onset of World War II, when Huntsville was chosen as the location of Redstone Arsenal, with its numerous munitions manufacturing plants. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Arsenal was almost closed in 1949 when it was no longer needed, but it saw new life when General H. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. N. Toftoy with support from Senator John Sparkman convinced the U. S. Army to choose Huntsville as the location for its missile research program. In 1950, General Toftoy brought German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun and his colleagues to Redstone Arsenal to develop what would eventually become the United States' space program. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23 1912 &ndash June 16 1977 a German rocket physicist and astronautics engineer became one of the leading figures in Redstone Arsenal is a US Army post and a Census-designated place (CDP located next to the city of Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program

Space flight

Historic rockets in Rocket Park of the US Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama.
Historic rockets in Rocket Park of the US Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama. A rocket garden is a display of Missiles Sounding rockets or space launchers usually in an outdoor setting The US Space & Rocket Center is located in Huntsville Alabama.

On September 8, 1960, U. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicated the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel (NASA had already activated this facility, which is located on Redstone Arsenal, on July 1 of that year. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. )

Huntsville is thus home to both Redstone Arsenal and the Marshall Space Flight Center, and is nicknamed "The Rocket City" for its close history with U. Redstone Arsenal is a US Army post and a Census-designated place (CDP located next to the city of Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel S. space missions. Huntsville has been important in developing space technology since the 1950s, when the German scientists headed by Dr. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive Wernher von Braun, brought to the United States at the end of World War II through Operation Paperclip, arrived to develop rocketry for the U. Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23 1912 &ndash June 16 1977 a German rocket physicist and astronautics engineer became one of the leading figures in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Operation Paperclip (also Project Paperclip) was the code name for the O S. Army. Their work included designing the Redstone ballistic missile, a variant of which, the Juno I, carried the first U. First launched in 1953 the American Redstone Rocket (Redstone missile was a direct descendant of the German V-2. The Juno I was a satellite Launch vehicle, derived from and commonly confused with the Jupiter-C sounding rocket S. satellite and astronauts into space.

Space Shuttle Pathfinder at Space Camp
Space Shuttle Pathfinder at Space Camp

The Saturn V, utilized by the Apollo program manned Moon missions, was developed from the Redstone Arsenal. The Space Shuttle Orbiter Pathfinder (honorary Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-098 is a Space Shuttle simulator made of Steel and Wood US Space Camp is hosted by the US Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville Alabama. The Saturn V (pronounced 'Saturn Five' popularly known as the Moon Rocket was a multistage liquid-fuel expendable Rocket used by NASA 's Huntsville continues to play an important role in the United States' Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs. NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States It is estimated that 1 in 13 of Huntsville's population are employed in some engineering field of work.

Huntsville's economy was nearly crippled and growth came to a near standstill in the 1970s following the closure of the Apollo program, but the emergence of the Space Shuttle and the ever-expanding field of missile defense in the 1980s helped give Huntsville a resurgence that continues to this day. Missile defense is a system weapon or technology involved in the detection tracking interception and destruction of attacking Missiles Originally conceived as a defence against The city continues to be the center of rocket-propulsion research in the United States, and is home to large branches of many defense contractors. A defense contractor (or defence contractor, also sometimes called a military contractor) is a Business organization or individual that provides products

Huntsville is also the location of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM). The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM is the U Huntsville's contributions to United States Cold War missile armament and technology earned it a "red star" designation as a target of the Soviet Union in the event of a nuclear exchange, fourth behind only New York City, Washington, DC, and NORAD. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The City of New York Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

Geography

Huntsville is located at 34°42' North, 86°35' West (34. 7, -86. 6)[5].

According to the Huntsville Times from Tuesday April 15, 2008[6], the city now has a total area of 202 square miles (451. The Huntsville Times is the daily morning Newspaper of record for the city of Huntsville Alabama and its surrounding areas The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 8 km²). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Recent annexations into Limestone County have pushed Huntsville City to a total of 4. 5 square miles inside Limestone County and officially abuts Huntsville to Athens, a city to the west.

Huntsville is located in the Tennessee River Valley. The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. Several mesas and large hills partially surround the city. A mesa ( Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic for "table" is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs These mesas are associated with the Cumberland Plateau, and are locally called "mountains. The Cumberland Plateau is the southern part of the Appalachian Plateau. " Monte Sano (Italian for "Mountain of Health") is the most notable, and is east of the city along with Round Top (Burritt), Chapman, Huntsville, and Green Mountains. Monte Sano is a horseshoe-shaped mountain in Madison County, Alabama beside the city of Huntsville. Others are Wade Mountain to the north, Rainbow Mountain to the west, and Weeden and Madkin Mountains on Redstone Arsenal in the south. Redstone Arsenal is a US Army post and a Census-designated place (CDP located next to the city of Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama Brindlee Mountain is visible in the south across the Tennessee River. Brindley Mountain, also spelled Brindlee Mountain, is an isolated portion of the Appalachian Plateau in northern Alabama.

As with other areas along the Cumberland Plateau, the land around Huntsville is karst in nature. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble Bedrock, usually Carbonate rock such as Limestone Huntsville was founded around the Big Spring, which is a typical karst spring, and many caves perforate the limestone bedrock underneath the city, as is common in karst areas. A cave is a natural underground void large enough for a human to enter The headquarters of the National Speleological Society are located in Huntsville. The National Speleological Society (NSS is an organization formed in 1941 to advance the exploration conservation study and understanding of Caves in the United States

Climate

Huntsville has a humid subtropical climate. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters It experiences hot, humid summers and generally mild winters, with average high temperatures ranging from 89. 0 °F (31. 6 C) in the summer to 49. 0 °F (9. 4 C) during winter. Some years, Huntsville experiences tornadoes during the spring and fall. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus Significant tornado events include the Super Outbreak in 1974, the November 1989 Tornado Outbreak that killed 21 and injured almost 500, and the Anderson Hills Tornado that killed one and caused extensive damage in 1995. The Super Outbreak is the largest Tornado outbreak on record for a single 24-hour period Note the following text and pictures were adapted from public domain National Weather Service documents Note The following is adapted from a National Weather Service report about the Anderson Hills tornado Since Huntsville is nearly 300 miles (480 km) inland, hurricanes are rarely experienced with their full force; however, many weakened tropical storms cross the area after a U.S. Gulf Coast landfall. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. While most winters have some measurable snow, significant snow is rare in Huntsville; but there have been some anomalies, like the 1963 New Years Day snowstorm, when 17 inches (43 cm) fell within 24 hours. Likewise, the Blizzard of 1993 and a Groundhog Day snowstorm in 1996 were substantial winter events for Huntsville. The Storm of the Century, also known as the ’93 Superstorm, No-Name Hurricane, the White Hurricane, or the ( Great) Blizzard Groundhog Day is a holiday celebrated in United States and Canada on February 2. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) However, as of the winter of 2007-08, Huntsville has gone 12 years without any significant snowfall (>4 inches).

MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high
°F (°C)		49 (9)54 (12)63 (17)73 (23)80 (27)87 (31)90 (32)89 (32)83 (28)73 (23)62 (17)52 (11)71 (22)
Average low
°F (°C)		30
(-1)		33 (1)41 (5)49 (9)58 (14)65 (18)69 (21)68 (20)62 (17)50 (10)40 (4)33 (1)50 (10)
Average rainfall: inches/mm5 /
127		5 /
127		6. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to 6
168		4. 8
122		5. 1
130		4. 3
109		4. 6
117		3. 5
89		4. 1
104		3. 3
84		4. 7 1195. 7 14556. 8 /
1443

source

Demographics

As of the census[7] of 2000, there were 158,216 people living within the city limits. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. There are 66,742 households and 41,713 families residing in the city. The population density was 909. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 0 people per square mile (351. 0/km²). There were 73,670 housing units at an average density of 423. 3/sq mi (163. 4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 64. 47% White, 30. 21% Black or African American, 0. 54% Native American, 2. 22% Asian, 0. 06% Pacific Islander, 0. 66% from other races, and 1. 84% from two or more races. 2. 04% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 66,742 households out of which 27. 6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 45. 5% are married couples living together, 13. 7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37. 5% are non-families. 32. 3% of all households are made up of individuals and 9. 2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2. 29 and the average family size is 2. 91.

Huntsville, Alabama Demographic Distribution

Age
<18
18-24
25-44
45-64
65+
Distribution %
23. 1
10. 7
29. 3
23. 4
13. 4


Huntsville, Alabama Sex Ratio & Income Distribution

Median Age = 37
Sex Ratio F:M = 100:92. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution 8
Sex Ratio age 18+ F:M = 100:89. 7
Median Income = 41,074
Family Median Income = 52,202
Male Median Income = 40,003
Female Median Income = 26,085
Per capita Income = 24,015
Percent Below poverty = 12. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 8
Age < 18 Below Poverty = 18. 7
Age 65+ Below Poverty = 9. 0

Politics and government

Huntsville's Administration Building, also known as City Hall
Huntsville's Administration Building, also known as City Hall

The current mayor of Huntsville is Loretta Spencer, who was elected in 1996 and is the first female mayor of the city. Loretta Purdy Spencer is the Mayor of Huntsville Alabama. Her first term began October 4, 1996, and her current term ends in October 2008 The city has a five-member/district City Council. The current members are: District 1 (Northwest)- Richard Showers, Sr. ; District 2 (East)- Mark Russell (President); District 3 (Southeast)- Sandra Moon; District 4 (Southwest)- Bill Kling; District 5 (West)- Glenn Watson. Council elections are "staggered", meaning that Districts 1 and 5 will have elections simultaneously with mayoral elections in 2008, while Districts 2, 3, and 4 will have elections in August 2010.

There are also many boards and commissions run by the city, controlling everything from schools and planning to museums and downtown development.

See also: List of mayors of Huntsville, Alabama

Public Safety

In 2007, Mayor Loretta Spencer combined the police, fire, and animal services departments to create the Department of Public Safety. This is a list of Mayors that served the city of Huntsville Alabama. The former chief of police, Rex Reynolds, was appointed as its director. The new department has nearly 900 employees and an annual budget of $63 million.

Fire

The Huntsville Fire Department has 19 engine companies, 4 ladder/rescue companies, and 2 hazardous materials companies located in 17 stations throughout the city of Huntsville. Many Huntsville firefighters are also members of the regional Hazardous Materials and Heavy Rescue response teams. The current chief is Danny Loggins.

Police

The Huntsville Police Department has 3 precincts and 1 downtown HQ, 360 sworn officers, 150 civilian personnel, and patrols an area of 194. 7+ square miles (this number has grown due to recent annexations). The current chief is Henry Reyes.

Police Academy

The Huntsville Police Academy is one of the oldest police academies in the United States. To date the Academy has completed 46 basic academies, and most recently the 47th Lateral Session. On May 8, 2006 the Huntsville Police Academy began the 47th Basic Session. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Until the 47th Lateral Session, academies were held at the Old Huntsville Airport on Airport Rd. After the gradation of the 46th Session, the academy moved to the Public Safety Training Complex on Sparkman Drive, which is also home to the Huntsville Fire Academy.

Economy

Huntsville's main economic influence is derived from aerospace and military technology. Redstone Arsenal, Cummings Research Park (CRP), and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center comprise the main hubs for the area's technology-driven economy. Redstone Arsenal is a US Army post and a Census-designated place (CDP located next to the city of Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama Cummings Research Park, located primarily in the city of Huntsville Alabama is the second largest Research park in the United States, and the fourth largest The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel CRP is the second largest research park in the United States and the fourth largest in the world, and is over 38 years old. Huntsville is also home for commercial technology companies such as the network access company ADTRAN, computer graphics company Intergraph and design and manufacturer of IT infrastructure Avocent. ADTRAN Inc is a global provider of networking and communications equipment with more than 1600 products for use in the Last mile of telecommunications networks Intergraph Corporation is a software company with 3879 employees worldwide (2008 Avocent Corporation ( is an information technology products manufacturer headquartered in Huntsville Alabama. Telecommunications provider Deltacom, Inc. and copper tube manufacturer and distributor Wolverine Tube are also based in Huntsville. Deltacom Inc ( formerly ITC^DeltaCom Inc is a regional CLEC operating in the Southern United States. Sanmina-SCI also has a large presence in the area. Sanmina-SCI Corporation ( is a global Electronics manufacturing services (EMS provider headquartered in San Jose California that serves Original equipment Forty-two Fortune 500 companies have operations in Huntsville. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content

In 2005, Forbes Magazine named the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area as 6th best place in the nation for doing business, and number one in terms of the number of engineers per total employment. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly Counties Lawrence Limestone Madison Morgan Metropolitan areas In 2006, Huntsville dropped to 14th; the prevalence of engineers was not considered in the 2006 ranking.

Retail

Huntsville is fast becoming a regional retail center. There are many strip malls and "power centers" throughout the city. Huntsville has two malls- Madison Square Mall, built in 1984, and Parkway Place, built in 2002 on the site of the former Parkway City Mall. Madison Square Mall is Huntsville Alabama 's largest enclosed shopping center encompassing over. Parkway Place is an upscale Shopping mall in Huntsville Alabama. The city also has a lifestyle center called Bridge Street Town Centre, built in 2007, in Cummings Research Park. Bridge Street Town Centre is an upscale lifestyle center in Huntsville Alabama. Cummings Research Park, located primarily in the city of Huntsville Alabama is the second largest Research park in the United States, and the fourth largest Another "live, work, and play" center is being constructed on the former site of the Heart of Huntsville Mall. It is to be called Constellation with ground breaking in Fall 2007 and scheduled completion by 2010. [1]

Utilities

Electricity, water, and natural gas are all provided in Huntsville by Huntsville Utilities (HU). HU gets its power from the Tennessee Valley Authority, or TVA for short. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA is a federally owned Corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide TVA has two plants that provide electricity to the Huntsville area- Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in Limestone County and Guntersville Dam in Marshall County. The Browns Ferry Nuclear power plant is located on the Tennessee River near Decatur and Athens, Alabama, on the north side ( Right Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions Limestone County is a County of the US state of Alabama, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Metro Area. Guntersville Dam is a Dam in Marshall County in the US state of Alabama. Marshall County is a County of the US state of Alabama, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. A third, Bellefonte Nuclear Power Plant in Jackson County, was built in the 1980s but was never activated. The Tennessee Valley Authority 's Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station is located in Hollywood Alabama. Jackson County is a County of the US state of Alabama, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Metro Area. Due to the rapid growth of the region, TVA has plans to eventually activate the plant.

Telephone service in Huntsville is provided by AT&T,Knology and Comcast . Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and Knology Inc is a cable company that formed in 1994 by ITC Holding Company Inc, a telecommunications holding company in West Point Georgia that also Comcast Corporation ( is the largest Cable television company the second largest Internet service provider and (according to the company the fourth largest telephone Huntsville has 2 cable providers in the city limits. They are Comcast and Knology (Mediacom in rural outlying areas). Comcast Corporation ( is the largest Cable television company the second largest Internet service provider and (according to the company the fourth largest telephone Knology Inc is a cable company that formed in 1994 by ITC Holding Company Inc, a telecommunications holding company in West Point Georgia that also

Transportation

Huntsville is served by several U. S. Highways, including 72, 231, 431 and an Interstate highway spur, I-565, that links the two cities of Huntsville and Decatur to I-65. US Route 72 is an east-west United States highway that runs for 337 miles (542 km from southeast Tennessee through northern Alabama and northern US Route 231 is a spur of US Route 31. It currently runs for 912 miles (1467 km from St There is a low clearence on US 431 in Central City KY It is.1 mile South of KY 70 The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) Interstate 565 (I-565 is a 22-mile (35 km long Interstate spur that connects Interstate 65 (I-65 in Decatur Alabama with U Decatur is a city in Limestone and Morgan Counties in the US state of Alabama. Interstate 65 (I-65 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States. Alabama Highway 53 also connects the city with I-65 in Ardmore, Tennessee. State Route 53 (SR-53 is a 345-mile State highway in the US state of Alabama. Interstate 65 (I-65 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States. Ardmore is a city in Giles and Lincoln counties in the US state of Tennessee. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States.

Public transit

Public transit in Huntsville is run by the city's Department of Parking and Public Transit. The Huntsville Shuttle runs 11 fixed routes throughout the city, mainly around downtown and major shopping areas like Memorial Parkway and University Drive and has recently expanded some of the buses to include bike racks on the front for a trial program. The Huntsville Shuttle fixed-route bus system began in 1990 in response to the growing population and congestion of the city of Huntsville Alabama. Memorial Parkway (colloquially The Parkway or Parkway) is a major thoroughfare in Huntsville, Alabama. There is also a Tourist Trolley that makes stops at tourist attractions and shopping centers. The city also runs HandiRide, a demand-response transit system for the handicapped, and RideShare, a county-wide carpooling program.

Railroads

Huntsville has two active commercial rail lines. The mainline is run by Norfolk Southern, which runs from Memphis, TN to Chattanooga. This article is about the present railroad formed in 1990 For the former regional railroad in Virginia and North Carolina a small part of the new one see Norfolk Southern Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County.

Another rail line, formerly part of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, successor to the Nashville, Chattanooga and Saint Louis Railroad, is being operated by HMCRA (Huntsville-Madison County Railroad Authority). The line connects to the Norfolk Southern line downtown and runs 13 miles (21 km) South, passing near Ditto Landing on the Tennessee River, and terminating at Norton Switch, near Hobbs Island. The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. This service, in continuous operation since 1894, presently hauls freight and provides transloading facilities at its downtown depot location. For the data Downloading process see Sideload. Transloading is the process that occurs when a Shipment must be transferred from one mode Until the mid-fifties, L & N provided freight and passenger service to Guntersville and points South. The rail cars were loaded onto barges at Hobbs Island. The barge tows were taken through the Guntersville Dam & Locks and discharged at Port Guntersville. Remnants of the track supporting piers still remain in the river just upstream from Hobbs Island. The service ran twice daily. L & N abandoned the line in 1984 at which time it was acquired by the newly-created HMCRA, a State Agency.

The North Alabama Railroad Museum in Chase maintains a line once owned by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad was a Class I railroad that operated freight and passenger services in the southeast United States. The museum runs weekend tourist rides along a short track in Northeast Madison County.

Ports

The inland Port of Huntsville combines the Huntsville International Airport, International Intermodal Center, and Jetplex Industrial Park. The Port of Huntsville is an inland port located in Huntsville Alabama that consists of the Huntsville International Airport International Huntsville International Airport, also known as Carl T Jones Field, is an Airport located 9 miles (14 km southwest of the Central business district The intermodal terminal transfers truck and train cargo. The port has on-site U.S. Customs and USDA inspectors and is Foreign Trade Zone No. Until March 2003 the United States Customs Service was the portion of the U A free port ( porto franco) or free zone (US Foreign-Trade Zone is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location 83.

Huntsville International Airport is served by several regional and national carriers (including Delta, Northwest, US Air, Continental, United, and American) and offers non-stop flights to many airports across the Eastern U. Huntsville International Airport, also known as Carl T Jones Field, is an Airport located 9 miles (14 km southwest of the Central business district S. However, Huntsville International gets its name because of its reputation as a cargo transport hub. Many delivery companies have hubs in Huntsville, making delivery flights to Europe, Asia, and Mexico. Port of Huntsville website

Media and communications

Newspapers

The Huntsville Times has been Huntsville's only daily newspaper since 1996, when the Huntsville News closed. The Huntsville Times is the daily morning Newspaper of record for the city of Huntsville Alabama and its surrounding areas Before then, the News was the morning paper, and the Times was the afternoon paper until 2004. The Huntsville Times has a weekday circulation of 60,000, which rises to 80,000 on Sundays.

A few alternative newspapers are available in Huntsville. The Valley Planet covers entertainment in the Huntsville area. The Redstone Rocket is a newspaper distributed throughout Redstone Arsenal's housing area covering activities on Redstone. Speakin' Out News is a weekly newspaper focused on African Americans. El Reportero is a Spanish-language newspaper for North Alabama.

Radio

See also: List of radio stations in Alabama

Huntsville is the 113th largest radio market. The following is a list of FCC -licensed Radio stations in the U [8] Huntsville's National Weather Service forecast and warning station broadcasts as KIH20. KIH20 (162400 MHz is a NOAA Weather Radio station that serves the greater Huntsville Alabama, area Huntsville also receives several radio stations from Birmingham and Nashville. Birmingham (ˈbɝmɪŋhæm is the largest City in the US state of Alabama and is the County seat of Jefferson County.

Television

The Huntsville DMA serves 15 counties in North Alabama and 6 counties in Southern Middle Tennessee. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States.

TV Stations:

Movie theaters

There are 6 movie theaters located in Huntsville. MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyNet or MNT) is a Television network in the United States, owned by the Fox Broadcasting Company WYAM-LP channel 51 is a a low-powered religious Television station based in Priceville Alabama, owned by Decatur Communications Properties They are:

Feature films shot in Huntsville

A few feature films have been shot in Huntsville, including Like Moles, Like Rats (2006),[9] Air Band (2005),[10] and Constellation (2005). Rave Motion Pictures, often called Rave is an upscale Movie theater company formed in 1999. Regal Entertainment Group ( is the largest Movie theatre chain in North America, operating 6423 screens in 529 locations in 41 U Regal Entertainment Group ( is the largest Movie theatre chain in North America, operating 6423 screens in 529 locations in 41 U The US Space & Rocket Center is located in Huntsville Alabama. Carmike Cinemas is a Movie theatre Corporation headquartered in Columbus Georgia in the United States of America. Constellation is a film that had a limited release in 2007 after debuting in several film festivals [11] Portions of the film SpaceCamp (1986) were filmed at Huntsville's U.S. Space and Rocket Center at the eponymous facility. This article is about the 1986 film See US Space Camp for the article about the camp in Huntsville Alabama The US Space & Rocket Center is located in Huntsville Alabama. The U. S. Space and Rocket Center stood in for NASA in the 1989 movie Beyond the Stars starring Martin Sheen, Christian Slater, and Sharon Stone. Beyond the Stars is a 1989 Drama film written and directed by David Saperstein and starred Martin Sheen, Christian Slater Martin Sheen (born Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez on August 3, 1940) is a Golden Globe and Emmy Award winning American Actor who earned Christian Slater (born August 18, 1969) is an American Actor who has starred in films such as Heathers, Sharon Vonne Stone (born March 10, 1958) is an American Golden Globe - and Emmy -winning Actress, producer, and former Parts of Tom and Huck (1995) were filmed in Cathedral Caverns, located on the outskirts of Huntsville. Tom and Huck is a 1995 Disney film starring Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Brad Renfro, Joey Stinson, and Rachael Leigh Cathedral Caverns State Park is located within Woodville, Alabama city limits Following in the motif of the "Rocket City," Columbia Pictures filmed Ravagers (1979) in The Land Trust's Historic Three Caves Quarry, at the U. S. Space and Rocket Center, and on location at an antebellum home located next door to Lee High School. This cult classic starred Richard Harris, Ernest Borgnine, Ann Turkel, Art Carney and Cecily Hovanes. Richard St John Harris ( October 1 1930 - October 25 2002) was a two-time Academy Award -nominated and Grammy Award Ermes Effron Borgnino (born January 24 1917 better known by his stage name Ernest Borgnine, is an American Golden Globe, BAFTA and Academy Ann Turkel (born July 16, 1946 in New York, US) is an Actress, Dancer, Singer, Writer, producer Arthur William Matthew “Art” Carney ( November 4, 1918 – November 9, 2003) was an Academy Award - and Emmy Award -winning

Huntsville's legacy in the space program continues to draw film producers looking for background material for space-themed films. During the pre-production of the film Apollo 13 (1995), the cast and crew spent time at Space Camp and Marshall Space Flight Center preparing for their roles. US Space Camp is hosted by the US Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville Alabama. George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel Space Camp also garnered a mention in the film Stranger than Fiction. Stranger than Fiction is a 2006 American Dramedy Film. The film is directed by Marc Forster, written by Zach

Education

K-12 Education

The majority of K-12 students in Huntsville attend Huntsville City Schools. [12] Nearly 25,000 students attend Huntsville City Schools. There are 29 elementary schools, 12 middle schools, and 7 high schools. Included in those numbers are 2 magnet elementary schools (The Academy for Academics and Arts and the Academy for Science and Foreign Language), 3 magnet middle school (Williams Technology, The Academy for Academics and Arts, and the Academy for Science and Foreign Language), and 2 magnet high schools (New Century Technology and Lee). About 21 private, parochial, and religious schools also serve students ages pre-K-12.

Elementary Schools

Public [2]
  • Blossomwood Elementary
  • Chaffee Elementary
  • Challenger Elementary
  • Chapman Elementary
  • East Clinton Elementary
  • Farley Elementary
  • Hampton Cove Elementary
  • Highlands Elementary
  • Jones Valley Elementary
  • Lakewood Elementary
  • Lincoln Elementary
  • Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary
  • McDonnell Elementary
  • Monte Sano Elementary
  • Montview Elementary
  • Morris Elementary
  • Mountain Gap Elementary
  • Providence K-8
  • Ridgecrest Elementary
  • Rolling Hills Elementary
  • Terry Heights Elementary
  • University Place Elementary
  • Weatherly Elementary
  • West Huntsville Elementary
  • West Mastin Lake Elementary
  • Whitesburg Elementary
  • Williams K-8
Private/Religious
  • Randolph School
  • Faith Christian Academy K-12 [3]
  • Greengate School for Dyslexia [4]
  • Hampton Cove Christian Academy K-3 [5]
  • Holy Family School [6]
  • Oakwood Elementary [7]
  • Providence Classical School [8]
  • Schola Maxima [9]
  • Valley Fellowship Christian Academy [10]
  • Whitesburg Christian Academy [11]

Middle Schools

Public [12]
  • Challenger Middle
  • Chapman Middle
  • Davis Hills Middle
  • Ed White Middle
  • Hampton Cove Middle
  • Huntsville Middle
  • Mountain Gap Middle
  • Providence K-8
  • Stone Middle
  • Westlawn Middle
  • Whitesburg Middle
  • Williams Technology Middle School

High Schools

Public [13]
  • Huntsville High School [17]
  • J. Virgil I Grissom High School is a Public high school in Huntsville Alabama with approximately 2000 students in grades 9 - 12 from O. Johnson High School [18]
  • Lee High School [19]
  • New Century Technology High School [20]
  • Seldon Center [21]
Private/Religious
  • Valley Fellowship Christian Academy [28]
  • Westminster Christian Academy [29]
  • Whitesburg Christian Academy [30]

Higher Education

Image:Mortarboard.jpgHuntsville's higher education institutions include:

The University of Alabama in Huntsville is the largest university serving the greater Huntsville area. The research-intensive university has more than 7,200 students. Approximately half of the university’s graduates earn a degree in engineering or science, making the university one of the largest producers of engineers and physical scientists in Alabama.

Oakwood University, founded in 1896, is a Seventh-day Adventist university and a member institution of the United Negro College Fund. It is one of the nation's leading producers of successful Black applicants to medical schools. Also, the school is home to the USCAA National Basketball Champions (2008) and the winning team of the 19th Annual Honda Campus All-Star Challenge National Championship Tournament (2008).

Numerous colleges and universities have satellite locations or extensions in Huntsville:

One of two local hospitals, Huntsville Hospital[45] also has an accredited school of radiologic technology. The Huntsville Hospital System also known as Huntsville Hospital is a Hospital Campus consisting of several sites and buildings in the Medical District Radiology is the medical specialty directing Medical imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases [46]

Attractions

Historic districts

Museums

The U.S. Space & Rocket Center exhibits a Saturn I (left, behind trees) and a much larger (and farther back) Saturn V mock-up along with a number of other rockets illustrating the history of United States space exploration. A simulator in the foreground was built from an adapter cone from the flight model Saturn V (not pictured).
The U. S. Space & Rocket Center exhibits a Saturn I (left, behind trees) and a much larger (and farther back) Saturn V mock-up along with a number of other rockets illustrating the history of United States space exploration. For the moon of Saturn see Mimas (moon. The Saturn I was the United States' first dedicated "space launcher" a rocket designed The Saturn V (pronounced 'Saturn Five' popularly known as the Moon Rocket was a multistage liquid-fuel expendable Rocket used by NASA 's A simulator in the foreground was built from an adapter cone from the flight model Saturn V (not pictured).

Parks

Festivals

Public golf courses

Private golf courses

Libraries

Performing arts

Convention centers and arenas

Other

Sports

Stadiums

Past sports franchises

Notable residents and famous natives

Main category: People from Huntsville, Alabama

Hospitals

Suburbs

References

  1. USA Today article on Huntsville tornadoes
  2. NWS report
  1. ^ a b c Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Alabama, Listed Alphabetically: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CSV). Toney is an unincorporated community in the northwestern part of Madison County Alabama, United States and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Triana is a town located on the southern county line of Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined The comma separated list (CSL is a Data Format originally known as comma-separated values (CSV in the oldest days of simple computers 2007 Population Estimates. U. S. Census Bureau, Population Division (June 28, 2007). Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on June 28, 2007.
  2. ^ Find a County. National Association of Counties. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  3. ^ Helion Lodge #1, Huntsville, Alabama
  4. ^ a b NASA MSFC Notes on the History of Huntsville
  5. ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  6. ^ http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/120825092188200.xml&coll=1
  7. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  8. ^ Arbitron Rating of radio markets
  9. ^ Filming Locations for Like Moles, Like Rats (2007). Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-01-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  10. ^ Filming Locations for Air Band or How I Hated Being Bobby Manelli's Blonde Headed Friend (2005). Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-01-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  11. ^ Filming Locations for Constellation (2005). Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-01-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  12. ^ Huntsville City Schools
  13. ^ 103. FM, WEUP radio
  14. ^ Con*Stellation, a Science Fiction convention.
  15. ^ Huntsville Madison County Public Library
  16. ^ Huntsville Symphony Orchestra
  17. ^ National Speleological Society (NSS)
  18. ^ Von Braun Astronomical Society
  19. ^ a b [1969] (1979) in Reichler, Joseph L. : The Baseball Encyclopedia, 4th edition, New York: Macmillan Publishing. ISBN 0-02-578970-8.  
  20. ^ 1986 Swimming - Men's Competition. Goodwill Games.

External links

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