Hudson River (Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk or Muhheakantuck)
River
Looking upriver from the Bear Mountain Bridge
Country	USA
States	New York, New Jersey
Tributaries
- left	Hoosic River
- right	Mohawk River, Rondout Creek/Wallkill River
Cities	Glens Falls, Troy, Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, Beacon, Peekskill, Yonkers, New York City, Jersey City, NJ
Source	Lake Tear of the Clouds
- location	Mount Marcy, Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA
- elevation	4,293 ft (1,309 m)
- coordinates	44°06′24″N 73°56′09″W / 44.10667, -73.93583
Mouth	Upper New York Bay
- elevation	0 ft (0 m)
- coordinates	40°42′11″N 74°01′36″W / 40.70306, -74.02667
Length	315 mi (507 km)
Basin	14,000 sq mi (36,260 km²)
Discharge	for Lower New York Bay
- average	21,400 cu ft/s (606 m³/s)
Discharge elsewhere (average)
- Troy	15,000 cu ft/s (425 m³/s)
Hudson and Mohawk watersheds

The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois,^[1][2][3] or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, Θkahnéhtati^[4] in Tuscarora), is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and New Jersey. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Bear Mountain Bridge is a toll Suspension bridge in New York State, carrying U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac the Hoosick (primarily in New York and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic is a tributary of the Hudson River The Mohawk River is a long River in the US state of New York. Rondout Creek is a Tributary of the Hudson River in Ulster and Sullivan counties, New York, USA. The Wallkill River, a Tributary of the Hudson, drains Lake Mohawk in Sparta, New Jersey, flowing from there generally northeasterly Glens Falls is a City in Warren County, New York, United States. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. Kingston is a City in Ulster County, New York, United States. Poughkeepsie (pəˈkɪpsiː is a City in New York, USA and serves as the County seat of Dutchess County, located in the Hudson Beacon is a City located in Dutchess County New York, United States. Peekskill is a city in Westchester County New York. It is situated on a Bay along the east side of the Hudson River. Yonkers is the fourth largest city in the US State of New York (behind Rochester, Buffalo, and New York City) and the largest city in The City of New York Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Lake Tear of the Clouds ( is a small tarn, in Essex County New York, on the southwest slope of Mount Marcy; it is both the highest lake in the state and The Adirondack Mountains are a Mountain range located in the northeastern part of New York, that runs through Clinton, Essex, Franklin New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International See also Geography and environment of New York City Upper New York Bay, sometimes called Upper New York Harbor or the Upper Bay, is A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of See also Geography and environment of New York City Lower New The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Mohican redirects here For other uses of Mohican see Mohican (disambiguation The Mahicans (also Mohicans) are a The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse Tuscarora, sometimes called Skarure(h/ʔ, is an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people, spoken in southern Ontario, Canada "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is named for Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company, who explored it in 1609. Henry Hudson' (1570 &ndash 1611 was an English Sea explorer and Navigator in the early 17th century England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian The Hudson River was originally named the Mauritius River, which is claimed to be the name given by Hudson in honor of Prince Maurice of Nassau. Maurice of Nassau (Maurits van Nassau ( 14 November 1567 &ndash 23 April 1625) Prince of Orange (1618&ndash1625 Alternatively, it is said to be the name given by Sixteenth century European adventurers, explorers, and fishermen who knew the river as River Mauritius, 'The River of Mountains'.

Its original name is Tappan Zee, from the Dutch "Zee" meaning "Sea"; it was named after a Native American tribe from the area called the "Tappan". Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States ^[5] The Tappan Zee Bridge and the widening in the river named Tappan Zee reflect the original name. The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge, almost always referred to as the Tappan Zee Bridge, or simply the Tappan Zee, is a Cantilever bridge The Tappan Zee (or Tappan Sea is a natural widening of the Hudson River, about 3 mi (5 km across at its widest in southeastern New York State in the United

Early European settlement of the area clustered around the river. The area inspired the Hudson River school of painting, a sort of early American pastoral idyll. The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by

Geography

The official source of the Hudson is Lake Tear of the Clouds in the Adirondack Mountains. Lake Tear of the Clouds ( is a small tarn, in Essex County New York, on the southwest slope of Mount Marcy; it is both the highest lake in the state and The Adirondack Mountains are a Mountain range located in the northeastern part of New York, that runs through Clinton, Essex, Franklin However, the waterway from the lake is known as Feldspar Brook and the Opalescent River, feeding into the Hudson at Tahawus. Tahawus (also called Adirondac (or Adirondak McIntyre was a village in the Town of Newcomb, Essex County, New York ( USA) The actual Hudson River begins several miles north of Tahawus at Henderson Lake. The Hudson is joined at Troy (north of Albany) by the Mohawk River, its major tributary, just south of which the Federal Dam separates the Upper Hudson River Valley from the Lower Hudson River Valley or simply the Hudson River Valley. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. The Mohawk River is a long River in the US state of New York. The Federal Dam is a manmade Dam built across the Hudson River, near Troy New York in the United States. The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York, generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North For the Magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine South of Troy, the Hudson is tidal and widens and flows south into the Atlantic Ocean between Manhattan Island and the New Jersey Palisades, forming New York Harbor, at New York Bay, an arm of the Ocean. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep New York Harbor, a geographic term refers collectively to the rivers bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City New York Bay is the collective term for the marine areas surrounding the entrance of the Hudson River into the Atlantic Ocean. The Hudson was originally named the "North River" by the Dutch, who named the Delaware River the "South River. The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. " This name persists to this day in radio communication among commercial shipping traffic, especially below Tappan Zee, as well as place names such as the North River Sewage Treatment Plant. Riverbank State Park is a 28-acre acre park built on the top of a sewage treatment facility on the Hudson River, in the New York City borough of Manhattan ^[6] It was the English who originated the Hudson name, even though Hudson had found the river while exploring for the Dutch.

View of the Hudson in the 1880s showing Jersey City

The lower Hudson is actually a tidal estuary, with tidal influence extending as far as the Federal Dam at Troy. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open [1] Strong tides make parts of New York Harbor difficult and dangerous to navigate. Characteristics A tide is a repeated cycle of sea level changes in the following stages Over several hours the water rises or advances up a beach in the flood New York Harbor, a geographic term refers collectively to the rivers bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City During the winter, ice floes drift south or north, depending upon the tides. The Mahican name of the river, Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, means "the river that flows both ways. " The Hudson is often mistaken for one of the largest rivers in the United States, but it is an estuary throughout most of its length below Troy and thus only a small fraction of water, about 15,000 cubic feet (425 m³/s) per second, is present. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open The mean freshwater discharge at the river's mouth in New York is approximately 21,400 cubic feet (606 m³) per second.

The Hudson and its tributaries—notably the Mohawk River—drain a large area. Parts of the Hudson river form coves, such as Weehawken Cove in Hoboken and Weehawken. A cove is a circular or Oval Coastal Inlet with a narrow entrance Weehawken Cove (also known as North Hoboken Harbor, Hoboken Cove and Hoboken's Inner Harbor) is a small body of water in New Jersey, Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.

The Hudson is sometimes called a "drowned" river. The rising sea levels after the retreat of the Wisconsin glaciation, the most recent ice age, have resulted in a marine incursion that drowned the coastal plain and brought salt water well above the mouth of the river. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets A fjord or fiord (fjɔːd|fiːɔːd or fiːɔːd is a long narrow Inlet with steep sides created in a valley carved by glacial activity. The deeply-eroded old riverbed beyond the current shoreline, Hudson Canyon, is a rich fishing area. The Hudson Canyon is a Submarine canyon that begins from the shallow outlet of New York Harbor (at the mouth of the Hudson River) and extends The former riverbed is clearly delineated beneath the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, extending to the edge of the continental shelf. The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each Continent and associated Coastal plain, which is covered during interglacial periods such

Looking upriver from Battery Park City in Manhattan

Hudson from Midtown Manhattan with Javits Convention Center in foreground. Battery Park City is a 92 acre (04 km² Planned community at the southwestern tip of Lower Manhattan in New York City, United States. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial The New Jersey Palisades is visible across the river. The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep

The Delaware and Hudson Canal ended at the Hudson at Kingston, running southwest to the coal fields of northeastern Pennsylvania. "D&H" redirects here for the firearm magazine manufacturing company see D&H Industries The Delaware and Hudson Railway ( D&H) is an Kingston is a City in Ulster County, New York, United States. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern

Notable landmarks on the Hudson include West Point, Bard College, the Culinary Institute of America, Marist College, the Thayer Hotel at West Point, Bannerman's Castle, Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line (formerly part of the New York Central Railroad system), The Tappan Zee, the New Jersey Palisades, Hudson River Islands State Park, Hudson Highlands State Park, New York Military Academy, Fort Tryon Park with The Cloisters, Liberty State Park, and Stevens Institute of Technology. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, Bard College, founded in 1860 is a small selective four-year liberal arts college located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The Culinary Institute of America (CIA is a culinary school located in Hyde Park ( Dutchess County New York) USA, founded in 1946 Marist College is a private Liberal arts college of 180 acres (72 ha located on the east bank of the Hudson River near Poughkeepsie, New York, on The Thayer Hotel is located on the banks of the Hudson River at 674 Thayer Road in West Point New York on the campus of the United States Military Academy Pollepel Island is an Island in the Hudson River.Also known as Pollopel Island, Pollopel's Island and Bannerman Island, it is the The Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, or MTA Metro-North Railroad, or more commonly Metro-North, is a Suburban commuter rail service Metro-North Railroad 's Hudson Line is a Commuter rail line running north from New York City along the east shore of the Hudson River. The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. The Tappan Zee (or Tappan Sea is a natural widening of the Hudson River, about 3 mi (5 km across at its widest in southeastern New York State in the United The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep Hudson River Islands State Park or Hudson Islands Park is located on the Hudson River in New York. Hudson Highlands State Park is a non-contiguous State park in New York in the USA, located on the east shore of the Hudson River. New York Military Academy, or NYMA, is an American private boarding school located in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. FortTryonjbjpg|thumb|Fort Tryon]] Fort Tryon Park is a public park located in the Inwood section of the New York City borough of Manhattan The Cloisters is the branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art dedicated to the art and architecture of the European Middle Ages. Liberty State Park is a State park in Jersey City, New Jersey. Stevens Institute of Technology is a technological university located on a 55 acre (223000 m² campus in Hoboken New Jersey, USA, founded in 1870 on the basis Cities and towns on the New Jersey side include Tenafly, Fort Lee, Weehawken, Hoboken, and Jersey City. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Tenafly (ˈtɛnəflaɪ is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Fort Lee is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Cities in New York State include Troy, Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, Glens Falls, Yonkers, and New York City. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. Kingston is a City in Ulster County, New York, United States. Poughkeepsie (pəˈkɪpsiː is a City in New York, USA and serves as the County seat of Dutchess County, located in the Hudson Glens Falls is a City in Warren County, New York, United States. Yonkers is the fourth largest city in the US State of New York (behind Rochester, Buffalo, and New York City) and the largest city in The City of New York

The natural beauty of the Hudson Valley earned the Hudson River the nickname "America's Rhine", being compared to that of the famous 40 mile (65 km) stretch of Germany's Rhine River valley between the cities of Bingen and Koblenz. For the Magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Bingen am Rhein (or Bingen or Bingen on the Rhine) is a city located at the junction of the rivers Rhine and Nahe in the district of Mainz-Bingen Koblenz (also Coblenz in pre-1926 German Spellings French Coblence) is a city situated on both banks of the Rhine A similar 30-mile (48 km) stretch on the east bank of the Hudson has been designated the Hudson River Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. The Hudson River Historic District, also known as Hudson River Heritage Historic District, is the largest such district on the mainland of the contiguous A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the The Hudson was designated as one of the American Heritage Rivers in 1997. American Heritage Rivers are designated bythe United States Environmental Protection Agency to receive special attention (coordinating efforts of multiple governmental entities

The Narrows

The Narrows, a tidal strait between the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn, connects the upper and lower sections of New York Bay. See also Geography and environment of New York City The Narrows is the tidal Strait separating the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn The City of New York In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. It has long been considered the maritime "gateway" to New York City and historically has been the most important entrance into the harbor.

The Narrows were most likely formed about 6,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. Previously, Staten Island and Long Island were connected, preventing the Hudson River from terminating via The Narrows. At that time, the Hudson River emptied into the Atlantic Ocean through a more westerly course through parts of present day northern New Jersey, along the eastern side of the Watchung Mountains to Bound Brook, New Jersey and then on into the Atlantic Ocean via Raritan Bay. The Watchung Mountains are a group of three long low ridges of volcanic origin between 400 ft Bound Brook is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. Raritan Bay is a Bay located at the confluence of the Raritan River and the Arthur Kill between the U A build up of water in the Upper Bay eventually allowed the Hudson River to break through previous land mass that was connecting Staten Island and Brooklyn to form The Narrows as it exists today. This allowed the Hudson River to find a shorter route to the Atlantic Ocean via its present course between New Jersey and New York City (Waldman, 2000).

Haverstraw Bay

Haverstraw Bay, just north of the Tappan Zee (the widest part of the river), is located between Croton Point in the Southeast and the town of Haverstraw in the Northwest. Haverstraw Bay, located in New York, is the widest portion of the Hudson River. The Tappan Zee (or Tappan Sea is a natural widening of the Hudson River, about 3 mi (5 km across at its widest in southeastern New York State in the United Haverstraw Bay is a popular destination for recreational boaters, and is home to many Yacht clubs and marinas including Croton Yacht Club, Croton Sailing School, and Haverstraw Marina.

Transportation

Looking downriver from the Circle Line sightseeing boat. The Circle Line is the collective name given to two sightseeing Ferry operations in Manhattan: Circle Line 42nd Street which circles Manhattan George Washington Bridge can be seen in the background. The George Washington Bridge (known informally as the GW Bridge, the GWB, the GW, or the George) is a Suspension bridge spanning

The Hudson River is navigable for a great distance above mile 0 (at 40°42. A body of water such as a River, Canal or Lake, is navigable if it is deep wide and slow enough for a vessel to pass and there are no obstructions like 1'N. , 74°01. 5'W. ) off The Battery. Battery Park is a 25-acre (10 hectare public park located at the Battery the southern tip of the New York City borough of Manhattan, facing The original Erie Canal, opened in 1825 to connect the Hudson with Lake Erie, emptied into the Hudson at the city of Albany's basin, just three miles (5 km) south of the Federal Dam in Troy (at mile 134). The Erie Canal is a popular canal in New York state from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, approximately 360 miles connecting the Great Lakes The Federal Dam is a manmade Dam built across the Hudson River, near Troy New York in the United States. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. The canal enabled shipping between cities on the Great Lakes and Europe via the Atlantic Ocean. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The New York State Canal System, the successor to the Erie Canal, runs into the Hudson River north of Troy and uses the Federal Dam as the Lock 1 and natural waterways whenever possible. The New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal) is a successor to the Erie Canal and other Canals within New York The first railroad in New York, the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, opened in 1831 between Albany and Schenectady on the Mohawk River, enabling passengers to bypass the slowest part of the Erie Canal. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad was the first railroad built in the State of New York and one of the First railroads in the United States. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. Schenectady (skəˈnɛktədi Θkahnéhtati in Tuscarora) is a City in Schenectady County, New York, United States The Mohawk River is a long River in the US state of New York.

In northern Troy, the Champlain Canal split from the Erie Canal and continued north along the west side of the Hudson to Thomson, where it crossed to the east side. The Champlain Canal is a 60-mile Canal that connects the south end of Lake Champlain to the Hudson River in New York. At Fort Edward the canal left the Hudson, heading northeast to Lake Champlain. Fort Edward is a Town in Washington County New York, United States. Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States A barge canal now splits from the Hudson at that point, taking roughly the same route (also parallel to the Delaware and Hudson Railway's Saratoga and Whitehall Railroad) to Lake Champlain at Whitehall. "D&H" redirects here for the firearm magazine manufacturing company see D&H Industries The Delaware and Hudson Railway ( D&H) is an Whitehall New York is the name of a village and a town in Washington County, New York. From Lake Champlain, boats can continue north into Canada to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

The Hudson Valley also proved attractive for railroads, once technology progressed to the point where it was feasible to construct the required bridges over tributaries. For the Magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine The Troy and Greenbush Railroad was chartered in 1845 and opened that same year, running a short distance on the east side between Troy and Greenbush (east of Albany). The Hudson River Railroad was chartered the next year as a continuation of the Troy and Greenbush south to New York City, and was completed in 1851. The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. In 1866 the Hudson River Bridge opened over the river between Greenbush and Albany, enabling through traffic between the Hudson River Railroad and the New York Central Railroad west to Buffalo. This Hudson River Bridge across the Hudson River at Albany New York was built by the Hudson River Bridge Company (jointly owned 50% by the New York Central Railroad The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State.

The New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway ran up the west shore of the Hudson as a competitor to the merged New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. This article is about the line of the New York Central Railroad system Construction was slow, and was finally completed in 1884; the New York Central purchased the line the next year.

The Bear Mountain Bridge from Bear Mountain

The Hudson is crossed at numerous points by bridges, tunnels, and ferries. The Bear Mountain Bridge is a toll Suspension bridge in New York State, carrying U Bear Mountain State Park is located on the west side of the Hudson River in Rockland County New York. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and The width of the Lower Hudson River required major feats of engineering to cross, the results today visible in the Verrazano-Narrows and George Washington Bridges, as well as the Lincoln and Holland Tunnels and the PATH and Pennsylvania Railroad tubes. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is a double-decked Suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New The George Washington Bridge (known informally as the GW Bridge, the GWB, the GW, or the George) is a Suspension bridge spanning The Lincoln Tunnel is a 15 mile (24 km long Tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey and the borough The Holland Tunnel is a highway Tunnel under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan in New York City with Jersey The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The New York Tunnel Extension (also New York Improvement and Tunnel Extension) owned by the Pennsylvania Tunnel and Terminal Railroad, was an important The Troy-Waterford Bridge at Waterford was the first bridge over the Hudson, opened in 1809. The Troy-Waterford Bridge carries US 4 across the Hudson River connecting Waterford New York with Troy New York. Waterford is a Town in Saratoga County, New York, USA. The population was 8515 at the 2000 census The Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad was chartered in 1832 and opened in 1835, including the Green Island Bridge, the first bridge over the Hudson south of the Federal Dam. The Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad was chartered April 14, 1832. The Green Island Bridge crosses the Hudson River, connecting Green Island New York with Troy New York. [2]

The Upper Hudson River Valley was also useful for railroads. The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York, generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North Sections of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, Troy and Boston Railroad and Albany Northern Railroad ran next to the Hudson between Troy and Mechanicville. The Troy and Boston Railroad was chartered November 22 1849, completed Troy New York to the Vermont state line (35 Miles in 1852 Mechanicville is a City in Saratoga County, New York, United States. North of Mechanicville the shore was bare until Glens Falls, where the short Glens Falls Railroad ran along the east shore. Glens Falls is a City in Warren County, New York, United States. At Glens Falls the Hudson turns west to Corinth before continuing north; at Corinth the Adirondack Railway begins to run along the Hudson's west bank. Corinth is the name of two places in the state of New York: Corinth (town New York, a town Corinth (village New York, located The Adirondack Scenic Railroad is a tourist railroad in the Adirondacks, headquartered in Thendara New York. The original Adirondack Railway opened by 1871, ending at North Creek along the river. North Creek is a hamlet in the Adirondack Park, in the town of Johnsburg, in Warren County, New York, United States In World War II an extension opened to Tahawus, the site of valuable iron and titanium mines. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Tahawus (also called Adirondac (or Adirondak McIntyre was a village in the Town of Newcomb, Essex County, New York ( USA) Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body The extension continued along the Hudson River into Hamilton County, and then continued north where the Hudson makes a turn to the west, crossing the Hudson and running along the west shore of the Boreas River. Hamilton County is a County located in the US state of New York. South of Tahawus the route returned to the east shore of the Hudson the rest of the way to its terminus.

NASA image of the lower Hudson

Political boundaries

The Hudson River serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York, and further north between New York counties. A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision The northernmost place with this convention is in southwestern Essex County. Essex County is a County located in the US state of New York.

Tributaries

View of the Catskills from Rhinecliff

The Hudson near Newcomb, New York, a dozen miles south of its source. Hamilton County is a County located in the US state of New York. Essex County is a County located in the US state of New York. Warren County is a County in the US state of New York. It is part of the Glens Falls New York Metropolitan Statistical Area A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government Saratoga County is a County located in the US state of New York. Warren County is a County in the US state of New York. It is part of the Glens Falls New York Metropolitan Statistical Area Saratoga County is a County located in the US state of New York. Washington County is a County located in the US state of New York. Saratoga County is a County located in the US state of New York. Rensselaer County is a County in the US state of New York. As of the 2000 census, the population was 152538 Albany County is a County located in the US state of New York, generally located in the vicinity of Albany New York, the Capital Rensselaer County is a County in the US state of New York. As of the 2000 census, the population was 152538 Greene County is a County located in the US state of New York. There is also a Town of Columbia in New York Columbia County is a County located in the U Ulster County is a County located in the state of New York, USA. There is also a Town of Columbia in New York Columbia County is a County located in the U Ulster County is a County located in the state of New York, USA. Dutchess County is a County located in the US state of New York, in the state's Mid-Hudson Region of the Hudson Valley. Orange County is a County located in the US state of New York. Dutchess County is a County located in the US state of New York, in the state's Mid-Hudson Region of the Hudson Valley. Orange County is a County located in the US state of New York. Putnam County is a County located in the US state of New York, in the lower Hudson Valley. Rockland County is a County located in the US state of New York, 12 miles north-northwest of New York City. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Newcomb is a Town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 481 at the 2000 census

From north to south, moving downriver

• Opalescent Brook
• Cedar River
• Indian River
• Boreas River
• Schroon River
• Sacandaga River
• Mill Creek
• Battenkill River
• Hoosic River
• Mohawk River
• Normans Kill
• Catskill Creek
• Esopus Creek
• Rondout Creek
• Roeliff-Jansen Kill
• Crum Elbow Creek
• Wappingers Creek
• Fishkill Creek
• Moodna Creek
• Quassaick Creek
• Croton River
• Pocantico River
• Sparkill Creek
• Wicker's Creek
• Saw Mill River

Lake Tear of the Clouds, by Seneca Ray Stoddard (late 19th century)

Theodore Roosevelt's famous trip to the headwaters

On September 14, 1901, then-Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was at Lake Tear of the Clouds after returning from a hike to the Mount Marcy summit when he received a message informing him that President William McKinley, who had been shot two weeks earlier but was expected to survive, had taken a turn for the worse. The Cedar River may refer to any of the following rivers in the United States: Cedar River (Florida Cedar River (Iowa River Indian River may refer to the following Rivers In Canada: Indian River (Ontario, five rivers in Ontario by this name The Schroon River is a river in the Southern Adirondack Mountains of New York, beginning at the confluence of Crowfoot Brook and New Pond Brook in Underwood The Sacandaga River is a River in the northern part of New York in the United States. Mill Creek or Millcreek may refer to Communities Mill Creek California, a town in Tehama County Mill Creek Hundred Batten Kill, or Battenkill, or the Battenkill River, is an approximately 50-mile river rising in Vermont that flows into New York and is a tributary The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac the Hoosick (primarily in New York and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic is a tributary of the Hudson River The Mohawk River is a long River in the US state of New York. The Esopus Creek is a small River in southeastern New York, United States. Rondout Creek is a Tributary of the Hudson River in Ulster and Sullivan counties, New York, USA. Wappinger Creek is a roughly long creek which runs from Thompson Pond in Dutchess County New York. Fishkill Creek is a Tributary of the Hudson River in New York in the United States. Moodna Creek is a small tributary of the Hudson River that drains eastern Orange County, New York. Quassaick Creek, sometimes Quassaic Creek, is a minor Tributary of the Hudson River in Orange and Ulster counties in the The Croton River (pronounced "Crow-ton" is a river in southern New York that begins where the East and West Branches of the Croton River meet The Saw Mill River is a 20 mile (32 km long tributary of the Hudson River in the United States, flowing from Chappaqua to Yonkers New York Seneca Ray Stoddard (1844–1917 was an American Landscape Photographer known for his photographs of New York 's Adirondack Mountains The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last

Roosevelt hiked down 10 miles (16 km) on the southwest side of the mountain to the closest stage station at Long Lake, New York. Long Lake is a Town in Hamilton County, New York in the United States. He then took a 40 mile (64 km) midnight stage coach ride through the twisting Adirondack Roads to the Adirondack Railway station at North Creek, where he discovered that McKinley had died. Roosevelt took the train to Buffalo, New York, where he was officially sworn in as President.

The 40 mile (64 km) route is now designated the Roosevelt-Marcy Trail. The Roosevelt-Marcy Trail is named for the historic route Vice President Theodore Roosevelt traveled on a dangerous midnight stagecoach ride from Tahawus

Pollution

General Electric Corporation has been involved in a long lasting battle over the cleanup of Polychlorinated biphenyl contamination of the Hudson. Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCB s are a class of Organic compounds with 1 to 10 Chlorine atoms attached to Biphenyl which is a molecule composed According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): "The General Electric Company discharged between 209,000 and 1. 3 million pounds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into the river from two capacitor manufacturing plants located in Hudson Falls and Fort Edward. "^[7]

In 1983, the EPA declared a 200 mile (322 km) stretch of the river, from Hudson Falls to New York City, to be a Superfund site. Superfund is the common name for the United States environmental policy officially known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act GE will soon commence dredging operations at its own expense to clean up the PCBs. ^[8] Inspired by Earth Day advocates, this action anchored the Riverkeeper program that grew into a global umbrella organization, the Waterkeeper Alliance. Earth Day is one of two Observances both held annually during spring in the Northern hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern hemisphere. Riverkeeper is an environmental non-profit dedicated to the protection of the Hudson River and its tributaries as well as the watersheds that provide New York City with its Waterkeeper Alliance is an environmental organization founded in 1999 responding to a growing movement of organizations with the name Riverkeeper, Baykeeper Soundkeeper and The Hudson River Sloop Clearwater is an environmental education organization that promotes awareness of the river and its history. The environmental organization In 1969 the Clearwater made her Maiden voyage down the Atlantic Coast from the Harvey Gamage Shipyard ME to the South Street

Other pollution issues affecting the river include: Accidental sewage discharges, urban surface runoff, heavy metals, furans, dioxin, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sanitary sewer overflow (SSO is a condition whereby untreated Sewage is discharged into the environment prior to reaching treatment facilities thereby escaping Wastewater Surface runoff is a term used to describe when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess Water, from Rain, Snowmelt, or other sources flows Furan, also known as furane and furfuran, is a heterocyclic Organic compound. Not to be confused with Dioxane or Digoxin. Dioxin is a heterocyclic, organic, antiaromatic compound A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH s are Chemical compounds that consist of fused Aromatic rings and do not contain Heteroatoms or ^[9]

The Hudson River estuary system is part of The National Estuarine Research Reserve System. ^[10]

Miscellaneous

In 2004, Christopher Swain became the first person to swim the entire length of the Hudson River.

The New Jersey Devils/New York Rangers hockey rivalry is known as the Hudson River Rivalry because the Devils are based in Newark and the Rangers are based across the Hudson River in Manhattan. The New Jersey Devils are a professional Ice hockey team based in Newark New Jersey. The New York Rangers are a professional Ice hockey team based in New York, New York, United States. The Atlantic Division Rivalries are a collection of rivalries between the various teams that play in the National Hockey League 's Atlantic Division. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York

There have been reported sightings of a sea serpent living in the Hudson river called Kipsy after the city of Poughkeepsie ^[11]. There is a mural painted by Dick and Margaret Crenson just off Main Street in Poughkeepsie. ^[12] There have also been reported sightings elsewhere along the Hudson River. ^[13]

See also

• Hudson River Chain
• Hudson Valley
• List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
• List of ferries across the Hudson River in New York City
• List of ferries across the Hudson River north of New York City
• List of New Jersey rivers
• List of New York rivers
• Upper Hudson River Valley
• Hudson Canyon - A submarine canyon extending hundreds of miles into the Atlantic Ocean that connects Hudson River to the deep ocean basin. The Hudson River Chain may refer to any of several chains used as a blockade across the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey, intended to prevent For the Magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine This is a list of Bridges and other crossings of the Hudson River from New York Harbor upstream to its source at Lake Tear of the Clouds. The following Ferries cross or once crossed the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey. This is a list of Streams and Rivers in the US state of New Jersey. This is a list of Rivers in the US state of New York. By Drainage Basin This list is arranged by drainage basin with The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York, generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North The Hudson Canyon is a Submarine canyon that begins from the shallow outlet of New York Harbor (at the mouth of the Hudson River) and extends A submarine canyon is a steep-sided Valley on the Sea floor of the Continental slope.
• Hudson River Waterfront Walkway
• Robert Kennedy Jr.
• Pete Seeger

References

• Chronology - Hudson River

External links

• Hudson Riverkeeper
• Hudson River Sloop Clearwater
• Scenic Hudson
• Hudson River Foundation
• HudsonWatch.net -- A Web site dealing with General Electric Company's Hudson River/PCB Cleanup and related matters.
• Hudson River Watertrail Association
• NY/NJ Baykeeper
• Bannerman Castle Trust
• Hudson River.com
• The River Project
• The Hudson River Environmental Society
• Hudson River Maritime Museum
• Hudson River History
• Fishkill Creek Watershed Committee
• Groundwork Hudson Valley & Saw Mill River Coalition
• Chapter 12 Hudson River, Coast Pilot 2, 35th Edition, 2006, Office of Coast Survey, NOAA
• NOAA Nautical Charts numbers 12335 (mile 0) to 13348 (mile 134).
• Hudson Historics
• Mouth or other endpoint (Upper New York Bay) is at coordinates 40°42′11″N 74°01′36″W / 40.7031, -74.0266
• Source (Lake Tear of the Clouds) is at coordinates 44°06′24″N 73°56′09″W / 44.1067, -73.9358