Hudson County, New Jersey
Image:Hudson seal.gif
Map
Location in the state of New Jersey
New Jersey's location in the U.S.
Statistics
Founded	1840
Seat	Jersey City
Largest city	Jersey City
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water	62 sq mi (162 km²) 47 sq mi (121 km²) 16 sq mi (41 km²), 25. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 21%
Population  - (2000)  - Density	608,975 13,044/sq mi (5,036/km²)
Website: www.hudsoncountynj.org

Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Its county seat is Jersey City^[1]. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.

Geography and topography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 62 square miles (162 km²), of which, 47 square miles (121 km²) is land and 16 square miles (41 km²)(25. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 21%) is water. It is the smallest of New Jersey's 21 counties.

Hudson is bordered by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay to the east; Kill van Kull to the south; Newark Bay, and either the Hackensack River or Passaic River to the west. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami See also Geography and environment of New York City Upper New York Bay, sometimes called Upper New York Harbor or the Upper Bay, is The Kill Van Kull is a tidal Strait approximately long and wide separating Staten Island and Bayonne New Jersey, USA. See also Newark Bay South Georgia Newark Bay is a body of water a tidal back bay of New York Harbor formed at the confluence The Hackensack River is a river approximately 45 mi (72 km long in the U The Passaic River is a Tributary of Newark Bay, approximately 80 mi (129 km long in northern New Jersey in the United States.

The topography is marked by New Jersey Palisades in the north with cliffs overlooking the Hudson to the east and less severe cuesta or slope to the west. The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep In Structural geology and Geomorphology, a cuesta (from Spanish: "slope" is a Ridge formed by gently tilted Sedimentary rock They gradually level off to the southern peninsula, which is coastal and flat. The western region, around the Hackensack and Passaic is part of the New Jersey Meadowlands. New Jersey Meadowlands, also known as the Hackensack Meadowlands after the primary river flowing through it is a general name for the large Ecosystem of Wetlands

Meadowlands

There are two equally high points, 260 feet (79 m) above sea level, in Guttenberg and West New York; the lowest point is sea level itself along the rivers.

Ellis Island and Liberty Island, opposite Liberty State Park, lie entirely within Hudson County's waters, which extend to the New York state line. Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor Liberty Island, formerly called Bedloe's Island, is a small uninhabited island in Upper New York Bay in the United States best known as the location of the Liberty State Park is a State park in Jersey City, New Jersey. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Liberty Island is wholly part of New York. Ellis Island is jointly administered by the states of New Jersey and New York. Nine-tenths of its land is technically part of Hudson County, with the remainder being part of New York. ^[2] Shooters Island, in the Kill van Kull, is also shared with New York. Shooters Island is a 43 acre uninhabited island at the southern end of Newark Bay, along the north shore of Staten Island. The Kill Van Kull is a tidal Strait approximately long and wide separating Staten Island and Bayonne New Jersey, USA. Robbins Reef Light sits atop a the reef which runs parallel the Bayonne and Jersey City waterfront. The Robbins Reef Light Station is a Lighthouse located off Constable Hook in Bayonne New Jersey along the west side of Main Channel Upper New

The Hudson and the Palisades

Given its proximity to Manhattan, is sometimes referred to as New York City's sixth borough. The City of New York In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city ^[3]

Counties adjacent to Hudson are New York County, New York and Kings County, New York to the east; Essex County, New Jersey and Union County, New Jersey to west; Richmond County, New York to the south; and Bergen County, New Jersey, the only one with which it shares a land border, to the north and west. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Union County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States.

Much of the county lies between the Hackensack and Hudson Rivers on geographically long narrow peninsula that is a contiguous urban area where it's often difficult to know when one's crossed a civic boundary. These boundaries and the topography-including many hills and inlets-create very distinct neighborhoods.

National protected area

• Statue of Liberty National Monument (part)

Demographics

As of the United States 2000 Census, the population was 608,975. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area. The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one There were 230,546 households and 143,630 families residing in the county. The population density was 13,044 people per square mile (5,036/km²). Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume It is the sixth-most densely populated county in the United States, trailing only four of New York City's boroughs (all except Staten Island) and San Francisco County, California. The term " County " is used in 48 of the 50 states of the United States for the level of local government below the state itself Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city There were 240,618 housing units at an average density of 5,154 per square mile (1,990/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 55. 58% White, 13. 48% Black or African American, 0. 42% Native American, 9. 35% Asian, 0. 06% Pacific Islander, 15. 48% from other races, and 5. 63% from two or more races. 39. 76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. According to Census 2000 9. 9% were of Italian and 6. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging 7% Irish ancestry. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate

By 2005, 34. 6% of the population was non-Hispanic whites. 15. 1% of the population was African-American. 11. 0% of the population was Asian. 2. 1% of the population reported two or more races. 41. 0% of the population was Latino. ^[7]

There were 230,546 households out of which 29. 60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39. 80% were married couples living together, 16. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37. 70% were non-families. 29. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 60 and the average family size was 3. 27.

In the county the population was spread out with 22. 60% under the age of 18, 10. 40% from 18 to 24, 35. 60% from 25 to 44, 20. 00% from 45 to 64, and 11. 40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96. 50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94. 20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,293, and the median income for a family was $44,053. Males had a median income of $36,174 versus $31,037 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,154. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 13. 30% of families and 15. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 00% of those under age 18 and 15. 70% of those age 65 or over.

Hudson County is the most densely populated county in the state. Union City, within the county, is the most densely populated city in the country. For sites of same name see Union City. Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States

Municipalities

Index map of Hudson County municipalities (click to see index key)

Numbers correspond to map at right.

1. Bayonne (city)
2. Jersey City (city)
3. Hoboken (city)
4. Union City (city)
5. West New York (town)
6. Guttenberg (town)
7. Secaucus (town)
8. Kearny (town)
9. Harrison (town)
10. East Newark (borough)
11. North Bergen (township)
12. Weehawken (township)

Government

The County Executive is elected by a direct vote of the electorate. Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. For sites of same name see Union City. Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States West New York is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, situated upon the New Jersey Palisades. Guttenberg is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Secaucus is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. As of the United States 2000 Census, the town population was 15931 Kearny (ˈkɑɹni is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Harrison is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. East Newark is a borough in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. A county executive is the head of the executive branch of Government in a County. The executive, together with the Board of Chosen Freeholders in a legislative role, administer all county business. In New Jersey, the Boards of Chosen Freeholders are the county legislatures of the 21 counties of the state. Nine members are elected concurrently to serve three-year terms as Freeholder, each representing a specified district which are equally proportioned based of population. In New Jersey, the Boards of Chosen Freeholders are the county legislatures of the 21 counties of the state. Each year, in January, the Freeholders select one of their nine to serve as Chair and one as Vice Chair for a period of one year.

Hudson County's County Executive is Thomas A. DeGise. A county executive is the head of the executive branch of Government in a County. Thomas A DeGise is an American Democratic Party Politician who serves as the County Executive of Hudson County New Jersey. Hudson County's Freeholders, as of 2008, are:^[8]

• District 1: Doreen McAndrew DiDomenico (Bayonne and parts of Jersey City)
• District 2: William O'Dea (parts of Jersey City)
• District 3: Jeffrey Dublin, Chairman (parts of Jersey City)
• District 4: Eliu Rivera (parts of Jersey City)
• District 5: Maurice Fitzgibbons (Parts of Hoboken and Jersey City)
• District 6: Tilo Rivas (Union City)
• District 7: Jose Munoz (West New York, Weekhawken, Guttenberg)
• District 8: Thomas Liggio - Freeholder Vice-Chairman (North Bergen and parts of Jersey City and Secaucus)
• District 9: Albert Cifelli (East Newark, Harrison, Kearny and parts of Secaucus)

Three federal Congressional Districts cover the county, including portions of New Jersey's 9th congressional district, represented by Steve Rothman (D), New Jersey's 10th congressional district, represented by Donald Payne (D) and New Jersey's 13th congressional district, represented by Albio Sires (D). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Doreen McAndrew DiDomenico is an American Democratic Party Politician, who represents ( District 1 on the Hudson County New Jersey Board William "Bill" O'Dea represents ( District 2 on the Hudson County New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative Jeffrey Dublin represents District 3 on the Hudson County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative role Eliu Rivera represents ( District 4 on the Hudson County New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative role administering Maurice Fitzgibbons represents ( District 5 on the Hudson County New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative role administering Tilo Rivas represents District 6 on the Hudson County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative role administering Thomas Liggio represents District 8 on the Hudson County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative role administering Albert Cifelli represents District 9 on the Hudson County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, one of nine members who serve in a legislative role A congressional district is an electoral Constituency that elects a single member of a Congress. New Jersey 's Ninth Congressional District is currently represented by Democrat Steve Rothman. Steven R "Steve" Rothman (born October 14 1952 in Englewood New Jersey) is an American Democratic Party Politician The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. New Jersey 's Tenth Congressional District is currently represented by Democrat Donald M The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. New Jersey 's Thirteenth Congressional District (together with the 14th district was created starting with the 73rd United States Congress in 1933 Albio Sires (born January 26 1951 in Bejucal, Provincia de la Habana, Cuba) is a Cuban American Democratic Party The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party.

The Hudson County court system consists of several municipal courts, including the busy Jersey City Court, plus the Hudson County Superior Court.

Politics

Edwin A. Stevens Building

Democrat John Kerry beat Republican George W. Bush here by a 2-to-1 margin in the 2004 presidential race, and Democrat Jon Corzine beat Republican Doug Forrester by a 3-to-1 margin in the 2005 gubernatorial race. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator Douglas Forrester (born January 24 1953 in Glendale California The New Jersey gubernatorial election of 2005 was a race for the Governor of New Jersey. ^[9][10] Both Republican candidates failed to carry even one municipality within the county. ^[11][12] Two out of the three statewide elected officials, Governor Corzine and United States Senator Bob Menendez, hail from Hudson County. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Robert "Bob" Menendez (born January 1, 1954) is the junior Democratic Senator from New Jersey.

Education

Each municipality has a public school district. School districts are a form of Special-purpose district which serves to operate the local public primary and secondary schools All but two have their own public high schools. A public high school is a Secondary school that is financed by Tax revenues and other government-collected revenues and administered exclusively by and at the discretion East Newark students attend Harrison High School and Guttenberg students attend North Bergen High School. Harrison High School is a four-year comprehensive Public high school located in Harrison, New Jersey, as part of the Harrison Public Schools. North Bergen High School is a four-year comprehensive Public high school, serving students in ninth through twelfth grade from North Bergen, in Hudson County Hudson County Schools of Technology is a public secondary and adult vocational-technical school with locations in North Bergen, Jersey City, Union City and Harrison. The Hudson County Schools of Technology offer career and vocational training for Public high school and adult students in Hudson County, New Jersey, Colleges and universities are Hudson County Community College, New Jersey City University, Saint Peter's College, all in Jersey City, and Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken. Hudson County Community College is an accredited, Co-educational two-year public, Community college located in Hudson County, New Jersey City University (NJCU is a Public university in Jersey City, New Jersey. Saint Peter's College is a private Coeducational Roman Catholic College in the United States. Stevens Institute of Technology is a technological university located on a 55 acre (223000 m² campus in Hoboken New Jersey, USA, founded in 1870 on the basis There are private and parochial elementary and secondary schools located throughout Hudson.

Transportation

NASA image of the lower Hudson

The confluence of roads and railways of the BosWash megalopolis and Northeast Corridor passing through Hudson County make it one of the Northeast's major transportation crossroads and provide access to an extensive network of interstate highways, state freeways and toll roads, and vehicular water crossings. Northeastern_United_States#The_Northeast_as_a_megalopolis BosWash (also referred to as BoWash, BosNYwash, the Northeast Corridor, the The Northeast Corridor ( NEC) is the busiest passenger rail line in the United States by ridership and service frequency Many long distance trains and buses pass through the county, though Amtrak and the major national bus companies -- Greyhound Lines and Trailways -- do not provide service within it. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Greyhound Lines is an intercity Common carrier of passengers by Bus serving over 3700 destinations in the United States. The Trailways Transportation System is a group of 80 independent bus companies that have entered into a Franchising agreement There many local, intra-state, and Manhattan-bound bus routes, an expanding light rail system, ferries traversing the Hudson, and commuter trains to North Jersey, the Jersey Shore, and Trenton. North Jersey is a name for the northern part of the US State of New Jersey, which is sandwiched between two important cities New York City (which North The Jersey Shore is a term used in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to refer to the both Atlantic coast of New Jersey and the adjacent resort Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. Much of the rail, surface transit, and ferry system is oriented to commuters traveling to Newark, lower and midtown Manhattan, and the Hudson Waterfront. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Public transportation is operated by a variety of public and private corporations, notably New Jersey Transit, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and NY Waterway, each of which charge customers separately for their service. The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through See also Transportation in New York City NY Waterway is a private Ferry system that provides commuter service and tourist excursions in New York Harbor

Hubs

Hoboken Terminal, Bergenline Avenue at 32nd, 48th, and 91st Streets in North Hudson, Journal Square Transportation Center and Exchange Place in Jersey City are major public transportation hubs. Hoboken Terminal is a major transportation hub located in Hoboken, New Jersey on the Hudson River waterfront operated by New Jersey Transit. Bergenline Avenue is a major north-south Street in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, passing through the city of Union City Journal Square is a PATH station located on John F Kennedy Boulevard between Pavonia and Sip Avenues in Jersey City New Jersey, United States. Exchange Place is an urban area of Jersey City, New Jersey on the shore of the Hudson River, that is sometimes referred to as "Wall Street West" The Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station in midtown Manhattan, the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan, and Newark Penn Station also play important roles within the county's transportation network. The Port Authority Bus Terminal is the main gateway for interstate buses into Manhattan in New York City. Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as “Penn Station”) is the major intercity rail station and a major Commuter rail hub in New York City The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub Secaucus Junction provides access to eight commuter rail lines. The Frank R Lautenberg Secaucus Junction Station (known as Secaucus Transfer during planning stages is a major rail hub in Secaucus New Jersey.

Rail

Bergenline Station at 48th Street

• Hudson-Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) serves Bayonne, Jersey City, Hoboken, and North Hudson at the Weehawken waterfront, Bergenline (Union City/West New York) and Tonnele Ave (North Bergen)
• New Jersey Transit Hoboken Division: Main Line (to Suffern, and in partnership with MTA/Metro-North, express service to Port Jervis), Bergen County Line, and jointly with MTA/Metro-North, Pascack Valley Line, all via Secaucus Junction; Montclair-Boonton Line and Morris and Essex Lines; North Jersey Coast Line (limited service as Waterfront Connection); Raritan Valley Line (limited service)

Exchange Place

• New Jersey Transit Newark Division: Northeast Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line can be reached via Secaucus Junction or PATH

• PATH is a 24-hour subway mass transit system serving Newark Penn Station (NWK), Harrison, Journal Square (JSQ), downtown Jersey City, Hoboken Terminal (HOB), midtown Manhattan (33rd) (along 6th Ave to Herald Square/Pennsylvania Station), and World Trade Center (WTC)

Water

CRRNJ Terminal in Liberty State Park, Ellis Island and Statue of Liberty ferry slips in foreground. The Hudson–Bergen Light Rail (HBLR is a Light rail system in the United States, owned by New Jersey Transit and operated by the 21st Century Rail Corporation Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. For sites of same name see Union City. Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States West New York is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, situated upon the New Jersey Palisades. North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The Main Line (or Erie Main Line) is a Rail line owned and operated by New Jersey Transit in the United States that runs from Suffern New The Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA) is a Public benefit corporation responsible for Public transportation in the U The Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, or MTA Metro-North Railroad, or more commonly Metro-North, is a Suburban commuter rail service The Bergen County Line (or Bergen Line) is a Commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit in the U The Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA) is a Public benefit corporation responsible for Public transportation in the U The Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, or MTA Metro-North Railroad, or more commonly Metro-North, is a Suburban commuter rail service The Pascack Valley Line is a Commuter rail line operated by the Hoboken Division of New Jersey Transit. The Frank R Lautenberg Secaucus Junction Station (known as Secaucus Transfer during planning stages is a major rail hub in Secaucus New Jersey. History On October 17[[ 960]] the Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad and Erie Railroad merged to form the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad See also Morristown Line, Gladstone Branch The Morris & Essex Lines are a group of railroad lines in New Jersey owned and operated by New Jersey The North Jersey Coast Line is a New Jersey Transit Commuter rail line which provides service between New York The Waterfront Connection allows trains from New Jersey Transit 's Newark Division to go to Hoboken Terminal. The Raritan Valley Line is a commuter rail service operated by New Jersey Transit, running out of Newark Penn Station, with most trains terminating at the Raritan The Exchange Place PATH station opened on July 19, 1909, is located in Jersey City New Jersey, adjacent to the Hudson River at The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The Northeast Corridor Line is a Commuter rail operation run by New Jersey Transit along Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor. The North Jersey Coast Line is a New Jersey Transit Commuter rail line which provides service between New York The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub Journal Square is an area of Jersey City, New Jersey near the offices of the Jersey Journal newspaper Hoboken Terminal is a major transportation hub located in Hoboken, New Jersey on the Hudson River waterfront operated by New Jersey Transit. "Penn Station" redirects here For the restaurant chain see Penn Station (restaurant. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan

• NY Waterway ferry service, from Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken to World Financial Center and Pier 11/Wall Street in lower Manhattan, and to West 39th in midtown Manhattan, where free transfer is available to a variety of "loop" buses. See also Transportation in New York City NY Waterway is a private Ferry system that provides commuter service and tourist excursions in New York Harbor The World Financial Center is a complex of buildings across West Street from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan in New York City, Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States.
• Circle Line Downtown operates ferries to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island from Liberty State Park
• Cape Liberty Cruise Port in Bayonne is one of three passenger terminals in New York Harbor. Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor The Cape Liberty Cruise Port in Bayonne, New Jersey is one of three trans- Atlantic passenger terminals in New York Harbor. New York Harbor, a geographic term refers collectively to the rivers bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City

Road

Major highways include New Jersey Routes 3, 7, 139, 185, 440, 495, Interstates 78, 95, and 280, and U. Route 3 is a State highway in northern New Jersey, extending 10 Route 7 is a State highway in New Jersey, United States. It has two sections an east-west alignment from Jersey City to Belleville Route 139 is a State highway in Jersey City New Jersey, extending the Pulaski Skyway east to the Holland Tunnel. Route 185 is a short State highway in Jersey City in the US state of New Jersey, between Route 440 and Linden Avenue Route 440 is a State highway in New Jersey, United States. It is composed of two segments one in Middlesex County and one in Hudson County Route 495 is a 345-mile (555 km Freeway that connects the New Jersey Turnpike ( Interstate 95) at exits 16E and 17 to the Lincoln Tunnel, providing Route description Pennsylvania See also Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania I-78 begins at a directional-T interchange with Interstate The I-95 gap I-95 is the only long-distance Interstate in the original plans that is not yet completed Interstate 280 (abbreviated I-280) is a 1785-mile (2873 km Interstate Highway, providing a spur from Interstate 80 to Newark New Jersey and S. Routes 1 and 9, as well as the New Jersey Turnpike and The Pulaski Skyway. See also US Route 1 See also US Route 1/9 US Route 1 in New Jersey is a portion of the United States highway which parallels the See also US Route 9 See also US Route 1/9 US Route 9 is a major U The New Jersey Turnpike (or simply The Turnpike as it is known to New Jersey residents is a Toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled The General Pulaski Skyway is a series of Cantilever Truss Bridges in the northeast part of the U Automobile access to New York City is available through the Lincoln Tunnel (via Weehawken to midtown Manhattan) and the Holland Tunnel (via Jersey City to lower Manhattan), and over the Bayonne Bridge to Staten Island. The City of New York The Lincoln Tunnel is a 15 mile (24 km long Tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey and the borough Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The Holland Tunnel is a highway Tunnel under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan in New York City with Jersey The Bayonne Bridge is the third longest steel arch bridge in the world and was the longest in the world at the time of its completion Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name

Air

Newark Liberty International Airportis the closest of the metropolitan area's three major airports. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport are located in Queens, New York. John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 LaGuardia Airport (ləˈɡwɑɹdiə is an airport located in Queens County on Long Island in the The City of New York. Teterboro Airport and Essex County Airport are general aviation airports closest the county. Teterboro Airport is a General aviation "reliever" Airport located in the Boroughs of Teterboro, Moonachie, and Hasbrouck Essex County Airport is a public Airport located two miles (3 km) north of the Central business district of Caldwell, a borough

Parks

Panorama from Liberty Island

There are nine county parks including Lincoln Park, Columbus Park, and North Hudson Park and the newest, Laurel Hill, home to Snake Hill. Liberty Island, formerly called Bedloe's Island, is a small uninhabited island in Upper New York Bay in the United States best known as the location of the Snake Hill (known officially as Laurel Hill and sometimes called Fraternity Rock) is an Igneous rock Intrusion jutting some 150 feet (46 meters

Snake Hill as seen from Laurel Hill County Park

Pershing Field and the adjacent reservoir consitutue one of the largest "green spaces" in the county. There are many municipal parks and plazas, some of which were developed as "city squares" during the 19th century. Liberty State Park, the county's largest, is sited on land that had once been part of a vast oyster bed, was landfilled for industrial, rail, and maritime uses, and was reclaimed in the 1970s. Liberty State Park is a State park in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two promenades are being developed, the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway and Hackensack RiverWalk. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway, located on Kill van Kull and the western shore of Upper New York Bay and the Hudson River, is an ongoing and incomplete Hackensack RiverWalk a is proposed trail along the Newark Bay and Hackensack River on the west side of the Hudson County, New Jersey, peninsula There are also wetlands preservation areas in the Meadowlands, most of which do not encourage public access.

History

Lenape

Hudson County was originally inhabited the Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indian), who practiced small-scale (slash and burn) agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society which likely, given the topography of the area, included much (shell)fishing and trapping. The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic Slash and burn consists of cutting and burning of Forests or Woodlands to create fields for Agriculture or Pasture for Livestock, or A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting The bands (or family groups) that circulated in the area were known as the Hackensack, the Tappan, the Raritan, and the Manhattan. They were displaced by European settlers, whose purchase of their lands was misconstrued by both parties. Their Algonquian language, namely the Munsee dialect, can still be inferred in some local place names such as Communipaw, Hackensack, Hoboken, Weehawken, and Secaucus. The Algonquian (also Algonkian, and pronounced both and) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic

New Netherland

A map of the Hudson River Valley c. 1635 (North is to the right) Hudson County is called Oesters Eylandt, or Oyster Island

Henry Hudson, for whom the county and river on which it sits is named, established a claim for the area in 1609 when anchoring his ship the Halve Maen (Half Moon) at Harsimus Cove and Weehawken Cove. Henry Hudson' (1570 &ndash 1611 was an English Sea explorer and Navigator in the early 17th century Weehawken Cove (also known as North Hoboken Harbor, Hoboken Cove and Hoboken's Inner Harbor) is a small body of water in New Jersey, The west bank of the North River (as it was called) and the cliffs, hills, and marshlands abutting and beyond it, were settled by Europeans (Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, Huguenot) from the Lowlands around the same time as New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City. In 1630, Michael Pauw received a land grant, or patroonship and purchased the land between the Hudson and Hackensack Rivers, giving it the Latin-ized form of his name, Pavonia. He failed to settle the area and was forced to return his holdings to the Dutch West India Company. Dutch West India Company ( Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie or GWC; English: Chartered West India Company was a company of Homesteads were established at Communipaw (1633), Harsumus (1634), Paulus Hook (1638) and Hoebuck (1643). Relations were tenuous with the Lenape, and eventually led to Kieft's War, which began as a slaughter by the Dutch at Pavonia and is considered to be one of thethe first genocides of Native Americans by Europeans. Kieft's War, also known as the Wappinger War, was a conflict between Dutch settlers and Indians in the colony of New Netherland from 1643 to A series of raids and reprisals across the province lasted two years, and ended in an uneasy truce. Other homesteads were established at Constable Hook (1646), Awiehaken (1647), and other 'lands behind Kill van Kull' (1647). In 1658, Governor Peter Stuyvesant of New Netherland negotiated a deal with the Lenape to re-purchase the area named Bergen, "by the great rock above Wiehacken," then taking in the sweep of land on the peninsula west of the Hudson and east of the Hackensack River extending down to the Kill Van Kull in Bayonne. Peter Stuyvesant (originally Pieter or Petrus, Peter is never mentioned in historical records (c New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast see also Bergen Township, a distinct municipality formed in 1893 The Hackensack River is a river approximately 45 mi (72 km long in the U The Kill Van Kull is a tidal Strait approximately long and wide separating Staten Island and Bayonne New Jersey, USA. Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. ^[13] In 1660, a charter was granted to build a village/garrison at the site of present-day Bergen Square, establishing what is considered to be the oldest self-governing municipality in New Jersey. Bergen Square, at the intersection of Bergen Avenue and Academy Streets in Jersey City, is in the southwestern part of the much larger Journal Square district with The Dutch finally ceded control of province to the English in 1674.

The British and early America

Alexander Hamilton fights his fatal duel with Aaron Burr. As practiced from the 11th to 20th centuries in Western societies a duel is an engagement in combat between two individuals with matched weapons in accordance with their combat This article discusses Aaron Burr (1756-1836 the US politician

By 1675, the Treaty of Westminster finalized the transfer and the area became part of the British colony of East Jersey, in the administrative district of Bergen County. East Jersey, together with West Jersey, was a distinct separately governed Province of New Jersey that existed for 28 years between 1674 and 1702 Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. The county's seat was transferred to Hackensack in 1709. Small villages and farms supplied the burgeoning city of New York, across the river, notably with oysters from the vast beds in the Upper New York Bay, and fresh produce, sold at Weehawken Street, in Manhattan. Weehawken Street is a short street located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City 's Greenwich Village, one block from the Hudson River During the American Revolutionary War the area was under British control though colonialist troops used the heights to observe enemy movements. The Battle of Paulus Hook, a surprise raid on a British fortification in 1779, was seen as an a victory and morale booster for revolutionary forces. The Battle At four o'clock on the afternoon of August 8, 1779, Major Henry Lee with four hundred infantry and a troop of dismounted dragoons started from Many downtown Jersey City streets bear the name of military figures (Mercer, Greene, Wayne, and Varick among them). Weehawken became notorious for duels, including the nation's most famous between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804. This article discusses Aaron Burr (1756-1836 the US politician Border conflicts for control of the waterfront with New York (which claimed jurisdiction to the high water line and the granting of ferry concessions) restricted development though some urbanization took place in downtown Jersey City and Hoboken, which became a vacation spot for well-off New Yorkers. The Morris Canal, early steam railroads, and the development of the harbor stimulated further growth. The Morris Canal was an Anthracite -carrying Canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern In September 1840, Hudson County was created by separation from Bergen County and annexation of some Essex County lands. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U During the 19th century, Hudson played an integral role in the Underground Railroad, with four routes converging in Jersey City. The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States ^[14]

Boundaries

Most of Hudson County, apart from the western municipalities not on the Bayonne Peninsula, was part of Bergen Township, created by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of the first group of 104 townships formed in New Jersey. see also Bergen Township, a distinct municipality formed in 1893 The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a ^[15]. As originally constituted, Bergen Township included the area between the Hudson River on the east, the Hackensack River to the west, south to Constable Hook/Bergen Point and north to the present-day Hudson-Bergen border. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The Hackensack River is a river approximately 45 mi (72 km long in the U Constable Hook also called Constable's Hook, is a short cape located on the north side of the outlet of Kill van Kull into Upper New York Bay Bergen Point, is a point of land located on the north side of the outlet of Kill van Kull into Newark Bay ( For the next 127 years civic borders within the county took many forms, until they were finalized with the creation of Union City in 1925.

The City of Jersey was incorporated by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28, 1820, from portions of North Bergen Township, while the area was still a part of Bergen County. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. The city was reincorporated on January 23, 1829, and again on February 22, 1838, at which time it became completely independent of North Bergen and was given its present name. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common On February 22, 1840, it became part of the newly-created Hudson County. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year ^[15] As Jersey City grew, several neighboring communities were annexed: Van Vorst Township (March 18, 1851), Bergen City and Hudson City (both on May 2, 1870), and Greenville Township (February 4, 1873). Van Vorst was a township that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1841 to 1851 Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Bergen was a city that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1855 to 1870 Hudson was a city that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1855 to 1870 Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Greenville is an unincorporated area and neighborhood of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[15]

North Bergen was incorporated as a township on April 10, 1843, by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature, from Bergen Township. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton see also Bergen Township, a distinct municipality formed in 1893 Portions of the township have been taken to form Hoboken Township (April 9, 1849, now the City of Hoboken), Hudson Town (April 12, 1852, later part of Hudson City), Hudson City (April 11, 1855, later annexed by Jersey City), Guttenberg (formed within the township on March 9, 1859, and set off as an independent municipality on April 1, 1878), Weehawken (March 15, 1859), Union Township and West Hoboken Township (both created on February 28, 1861), Union Hill town (March 29, 1864) and Secaucus (March 12, 1900). Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Hudson was a city that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1855 to 1870 Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Guttenberg is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is for the now-defunct town in Hudson County NJ For the current towns of the same name in Hunterdon County and Union County see Union Township Hunterdon County New West Hoboken was a municipality that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1861 to 1925 Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Secaucus is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. As of the United States 2000 Census, the town population was 15931 Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar ^[15]

Hoboken was established in 1804, and formed as a township on April 9, 1849, from portions of North Bergen Township and incorporated as a full-fledged city, and in a referendum held on March 29, 1855, ratified an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed the previous day, and the City of Hoboken was born. A township, in the context of New Jersey Local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton ^[15][16]

Weehawken was formed as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1859, from portions of Hoboken and North Bergen. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. A portion of the township was ceded to Hoboken in 1874. Additional territory was annexed in 1879 from West Hoboken. West Hoboken was a municipality that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1861 to 1925 ^[15]

West New York was incorporated as a town by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on July 8, 1898, replacing Union Township, based on the results of a referendum held three days earlier. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is for the now-defunct town in Hudson County NJ For the current towns of the same name in Hunterdon County and Union County see Union Township Hunterdon County New ^[15]

Kearny was originally formed as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1867, from portions of Harrison Township. A township, in the context of New Jersey Local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Harrison is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Portions of the township were taken on July 3, 1895, to form East Newark. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year East Newark is a borough in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[15]

Bayonne was originally formed as a township on April 1, 1861, from portions of Bergen Township. A township, in the context of New Jersey Local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common see also Bergen Township, a distinct municipality formed in 1893 Bayonne was reincorporated as a city by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 1869, replacing Bayonne Township, subject to the results of a referendum held nine days later. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year ^[15]

Union City was incorporated as a city by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 1, 1925, replacing both Union Hill and West Hoboken Township. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. West Hoboken was a municipality that existed in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, from 1861 to 1925 ^[15]

Urbanization and immigration

During the latter half of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, Hudson experienced intense industrial, commercial and residential growth. Construction, first of ports, and later railroad terminals, in Jersey City, Bayonne, Hoboken, and Weehawken (which significantly altered the shoreline with landfill) fueled much of the development. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as European immigration, notably German-language speakers and Irish (many fleeing famine) initiated a population boom that would last for several decades.

Neighborhoods grew as farms, estates, and other holdings were sub-divided for housing, civic and religious architecture. Streets (some with trolley lines) were laid out. Stevens Institute of Technology and Saint Peter's College were established. Stevens Institute of Technology is a technological university located on a 55 acre (223000 m² campus in Hoboken New Jersey, USA, founded in 1870 on the basis Saint Peter's College is a private Coeducational Roman Catholic College in the United States.

Before the opening, in 1910, of the Pennsylvania Railroad's North River Tunnels under the Hudson, trains terminated on the west bank of the river, requiring passengers and cargo to travel by ferry or barge to New York. The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Railroad, founded in 1846 The North River Tunnels carry Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor and New Jersey Transit rail lines under the Hudson River between Weehawken Transfer to the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad tubes (now PATH) became possible upon its opening in 1908. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service Hoboken Terminal, a national historic landmark originally built in 1907 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad to replace the previous one, is the only one of five major rail/ferry terminals that once dotted the waterfront still in operation. Hoboken Terminal is a major transportation hub located in Hoboken, New Jersey on the Hudson River waterfront operated by New Jersey Transit. The Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company ( DL&W or Lackawanna) was a Railroad connecting Pennsylvania 's Lackawanna Valley West Shore Railroad Terminal in Weehawken, Erie Railroad's Pavonia Terminal and Pennsylvania Railroad's Exchange Place in Jersey City were all razed. This article is about the line of the New York Central Railroad system Pavonia Terminal was the waterfront terminal on the Hudson River in Jersey City New Jersey for the Erie Railroad 's passenger trains The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Railroad, founded in 1846

Immigrants arriving at Ellis Island, 1902

Central Railroad of New Jersey's Communipaw Terminal, across a small strait from Ellis Island and The Statue of Liberty, played a crucial role in the massive immigration of the period, with many newly-arrived departing the station to embark on their lives in America. The Central Railroad of New Jersey, more commonly known as the Jersey Central Lines or CNJ, was a regional railroad with origins in the 1830s lasting until 1976 when Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented Many, though, decided to stay, taking jobs on the docks, the railroads, the factories, the refineries, and in the sweatshops and skyscrapers of Manhattan. A sweatshop is a working environment with very difficult or dangerous conditions usually where the workers have few rights or ways to address their situation A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper Many manufacturers, whose names read as a "who's who" in American industry established a presence, including Colgate, Dixon Ticonderoga, Maxwell House, Standard Oil, and Bethlehem Steel. The Dixon Ticonderoga is a Pencil model distributed by the Dixon Ticonderoga Company which was originally located in downtown Jersey City Maxwell House is a brand of Coffee manufactured by a like-named division of Kraft Foods. Standard Oil was a predominant American integrated oil producing transporting refining and marketing company The Bethlehem Steel Corporation (1857–2003 based in Bethlehem Pennsylvania, was once the second-largest Steel producer in the United States, after

Bergenline looking south to 32nd Street, circa 1900 (left), and in 2007.

North Hudson, particularly Union City became the "embroidery capital of America". Secaucus boasted numerous pig farms and rendering plants.

It was during this period that much of the housing stock, namely one and two family homes and low-rise apartment buildings, was built; municipal boundaries finalized, neighborhoods established. Commercial corriders such as Bergenline, Central, Newark and Ocean Avenues came into prominence. Bergenline Avenue is a major north-south Street in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, passing through the city of Union City Journal Square became a business, shopping, and entertainment mecca, home to The Jersey Journal, after which it is named, and movie palaces such as Loew's Jersey Theater and The Stanley. Journal Square is an area of Jersey City, New Jersey near the offices of the Jersey Journal newspaper The Jersey Journal is a Newspaper published from Jersey City, New Jersey. Introduction The Loew's Jersey Theater opened in Jersey City, New Jersey of the United States of America in 1929 The Stanley Theater is a Theater venue near Journal Square in Jersey City New Jersey.

World Wars and New Deals

Bayonne Bridge at sunset

New Jersey-New York border in the newly constructed Holland Tunnel. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The Holland Tunnel is a highway Tunnel under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan in New York City with Jersey

Stadium entrance circa 1940

Upon entry to World War I the US government took the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain, and Hudson became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as "doughboys". The Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft ( HAPAG for short often referred to in English as Hamburg America Line, sometimes also Hamburg-Amerika Eminent domain ( United States) compulsory purchase ( United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland) resumption/compulsory acquisition Doughboy is an outdated slang term for a United States Army Infantryman best known from its use in World War I, although it dates back to the Mexican-American In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook the region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Black Tom currently redirects here For the Marvel Comics character see Black Tom Cassidy. The fore-runner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established on April 30, 1921. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Huge transportation projects opened between the wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass the waterfront. The Holland Tunnel is a highway Tunnel under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan in New York City with Jersey The Bayonne Bridge is the third longest steel arch bridge in the world and was the longest in the world at the time of its completion The Lincoln Tunnel is a 15 mile (24 km long Tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey and the borough Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway, were also built. The General Pulaski Skyway is a series of Cantilever Truss Bridges in the northeast part of the U What was to become New Jersey City University opened. New Jersey City University (NJCU is a Public university in Jersey City, New Jersey. Major Works Progress Administration projects included construction of stadiums in Jersey City and Union City. The Works Progress Administration (renamed in 1939 the Work Projects Administration; WPA) was the largest New Deal agency employing millions of people Both were named for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who attended the opening of the largest project of them all, The Jersey City Medical Center, a massive complex built in the Art Deco Style. The Jersey City Medical Center is a hospital in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial During this era the "Hudson County Democratic Machine", known for its cronyism and corruption, with Jersey City mayor Frank Hague at its head was at its most powerful. Frank Hague ( January 17, 1876 &ndash January 1, 1956) was an American Democratic Party Politician who served Industries in Hudson were crucial to the war effort during WWII, including the manufacture PT boats by Elco in Bayonne. PT Boats were a variety of motor Torpedo boat ( Hull classification symbol "PT" for "Patrol Torpedo" a small fast vessel used by the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY) was opened in 1942 as a U. Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY was opened in 1942 as a U S. military base and remained in operation until 1999.

Post-war years

After the war maritime and manufacturing industries still dominated the local economy, and union membership provided guarantees of good pay packages. Though some returning service men took advantage of GI housing bills and moved to close-by suburbs, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay. Baseball legend Jackie Robinson made his minor league debut at Roosevelt Stadium and "broke" the baseball color line. Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31 1919 – October 24 1972 was a Baseball player for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Much of Hudson County experienced the phenomenon of some ethnic/economic groups leaving and being replaced by others, as was typical of most urban communities of the New York Bay region. When the big businesses decided to follow them or vis-versa, Hudson County's socio-economic differences became more profound. By the early 1970s the old economic underpinnings were gone and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon. Attempts were made to stabilize the population by demolishing so-called slums and build subsidized middle-income housing and the pockets of so-called "good neighborhoods" came in conflict with those that went into decline, leading to lower property values which allowed the next wave of immigrants, many from Latin America, to rent or buy cheap houses. North Hudson, particularly Union City, saw many emigrees fleeing the Cuban revolution take up residence. North Hudson is the collective name of the municipalities of Weehawken ( 2000 Census population of 13501 Union City (67088 West New York Riots occurred in Jersey City in 1964.

Pre/post-millennium

Exchange Place as seen from Lower Manhattan

Pavonia and downtown Hoboken on the Hudson

The county since the mid-1990s has seen much real estate speculation and development and a population increase, as many new residents purchase exisitng housing stock as well as condominiums in high and mid rise developments, many along the waterfront. Lower Manhattan (or downtown Manhattan) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the What had started as a gentrification in the 1980s became a full-blown "redevelopment" of the area as many suburbanites, transplanted Americans, internationals, and immigrants (most focused on opportunities in NY/NJ region and proximity to Manhattan) began to make the "Jersey" side of the Hudson their home, and the "real-estate boom" of the era encouraged many to seek investment opportunities. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class The exploitation of certain parts of the waterfront and other brownfields led to commercial development as well, especially along former rail yards. Hudson felt the short and long term impact of the destruction of the World Trade Center intensely: its proximity to lower Manhattan made it a place to evacuate to, many residents who worked there lost their jobs (or their lives), and many companies sought office space across the river. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan Re-zoning, the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail, and New Jersey State land-use policy of transit villages have further spurred construction. Though very urban and with some of the highest residential densities in the United States the Hudson communities have remain fragmented, due in part to New Jersey's long history of home rule in local government; geographical factors such as Hudson River inlets/canals, the cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades and rail lines; and ethnic/demographic differences in the population. The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep As the county sees more development this traditional perception is challenged.

National Registered Historic Places

See List of Registered Historic Places in Hudson County, New Jersey

Facts

• The only city in Hudson that is among the most populated hundred cities in the United States is Jersey City at sixty six. List of Registered Historic Places in Hudson County New Jersey Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. US Census
• Of municipalities with over 50,000 people, Union City, New Jersey is the most densely populated in the United States. For sites of same name see Union City. Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States ^[17]
• North Bergen is the city with the second most hills per square mile in the United States behind San Francisco. North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city ^[18]
• North Hudson has the second largest Cuban American population in the United States behind Miami. North Hudson is the collective name of the municipalities of Weehawken ( 2000 Census population of 13501 Union City (67088 West New York ^[18]
• Jersey City is the twenty first most ethnically diverse city in the United States and the most ethnically diverse on the East Coast of the United States. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard" refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern ^[19]
• Hudson has three communities on the list of the 100 cities (population 5,000 and up) with the highest percent of foreign-born residents: West New York (65. 2%), Union City (58. 7%), and Guttenberg (48. 7%)^[20]
• At 781 feet (238 m), the Goldman Sachs Tower at Exchange Place in Jersey City, is New Jersey's tallest building. Goldman Sachs Tower ( 30 Hudson Street) in Jersey City, New Jersey, is the tallest building in New Jersey and the tallest in the United ^[21]

See also

• Bergen
• Bergen Point
• Bergen Square
• Bergen Township
• Constable Hook
• Hackensack RiverWalk
• Hudson River Waterfront Walkway
• Gateway Region
• Gold Coast
• New Jersey Meadowlands
• New Jersey Palisades
• North Hudson
• North Jersey
• Pavonia
• Snake Hill
• Union Township

References

External links

• Hudson County Government

Coordinates: 40°44′N 74°05′W / 40.73, -74.08