| Hubert Lyautey | |
|---|---|
| 17 November 1854 – 27 July 1934 | |
 Hubert Lyautey | |
| Place of birth | Nancy, France |
| Place of death | Thorey, France |
| Allegiance | France |
| Service/branch | French Army |
| Years of service | 1873-1925 |
| Rank | Général de division |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | Marshal of France Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor Médaille militaire |
Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (November 17, 1854 - July 27, 1934) was a French general, the first Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925 and from 1921 Marshal of France. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Thorey is a commune France, located in the Département of Yonne and the Région of Bourgogne. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Divisional General is a rank used in many armies to denote a rank of general corresponding to command of a division World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Marshal of France (Maréchal de France and pl Maréchaux de France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a Military rank. The Médaille militaire (Military Medal is a decoration of the French Republic which was first instituted in 1852. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Marshal of France (Maréchal de France and pl Maréchaux de France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a Military rank.
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Early life
Lyautey was born at Nancy (Lorraine). Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France Lorraine (Lothringen is one of the 26 régions of France. It is the only administrative region with two cities of equal importance Metz and Nancy
He graduated from the French military academy of Saint-Cyr in 1873. The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr ( ESM, literally the "Special Military School of St Cyr" is the foremost French Military academy. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He made his career by serving in the colonies and not in the more prestigious metropolitan France. The first years after graduating, Lyautey served as a cavalry officer in Algeria. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's He served from 1894 to 1897 in Indochina. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. He served from 1897 to 1902 under Joseph Galliéni, whom he had met in Indochina, in Madagascar. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Joseph Simon Gallieni ( 24 April 1849 - 27 May 1916) was a French soldier most active as a military commander and administrator in the French Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern Lyautey reached general officer's rank in 1902 when he was made général de brigade. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting
Madagascar
Louis Lyautey played a key role in the invasion of Madagascar (1896-1898), in which he commanded the French forces. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common His military skill and success in this campaign greatly contributed to his promotion to general de brigade.
Morocco
The murder of French citizens in Casablanca was used as a pretext for Lyautey to occupy Oujda in eastern Morocco at the Algerian border in 1907. Casablanca (in Standard Arabic: الدار البيضاء ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ; Moroccan Arabic: dar beïda الدار البيضا Oujda (وجدة is a city in eastern Morocco with an estimated population of half a million inhabitants Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Having been promoted to général de division, Lyautey was Military Governor of French Morocco from 4 August 1907 to 28 April 1912. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting After the Convention of Fez established a protectorate over Morocco, Lyautey served as Resident-General of French Morocco from April 28, 1912 to 25 August 1925. By the Treaty of Fez (معاهدة فاس signed March 30, 1912, Sultan Abdelhafid gave up the Sovereignty of Morocco In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
He is considered to have been an apt colonial administrator. During the First World War, he continued the occupation of the country, regardless of the fact that France needed most of her resources in the struggle against the Central Powers. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak Lyautey served as France's Minister of War for three months in 1917. The Minister of Defence ( Ministère de la Défense) is the French Government cabinet member charged with running the Military of France In 1925, Lyautey lost military command of the French forces engaged against Abd-el-Krim to Pétain and resigned to return to France. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Abd el-Krim (c1882 Ajdir &ndash February 6, 1963, Cairo) ( Mulay Abdelkrim, full name Muhammad Ibn 'Abd El-Karim El-Khattabi Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951 generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain ( Maréchal Pétain)
Final Years and Association with Fascism
In his final years, Lyautey became associated with France's growing fascist movement, admired Mussolini, and was associated with the far right Croix de Feu. Croix-de-Feu ( Cross of Fire) was a French Far right league of the Interwar period led by Colonel François de la Rocque (1885-1946 In 1934, he threatened to lead the Jeunesse Patriotes to overthrow the government. The Jeunesses Patriotes ( Patriotic Youths, JP were a Far right league founded in 1924 [1]
See also
Miscellaneous
- Lyautey died in Thorey, was buried in Morocco but reinterred in Les Invalides in 1961
- The town of Kenitra, Morocco was named "Port Lyautey" by the French in 1933, but renamed after independence in 1956. Lycée Lyautey is the name of a High school belonging to the French Mission in Casablanca, Morocco. Les Invalides in Paris, France, is a complex of buildings in the city's 7th arrondissement containing Museums and monuments all relating Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kenitra ( Arabic name القنيطرة, transliterated: Al-Qonaitirah, the little bridge) is a city in Morocco, formerly
- The Garrison of the 13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment is named after him.
- Lyautey, his administration, methods and contemporary opinions, as well as his relationship with Pétain and fascism, are mentioned in Geoffrey Cush's novel "Son of France".
Quotes
Lyautey has been suggested as the author of the famous quote about dialects stating that "a language is a dialect which owns an army, a navy and an air force" ("Une langue, c'est un dialecte qui possède une armée, une marine et une aviation. "). A separate article discusses the origin of this aphorism in greater detail. " A language is a dialect with an Army and Navy " is one of the most frequently used Aphorisms in the discussion of the distinction between
John F. Kennedy and Lloyd Bentsen were said to tell a story about him:
- The great French Marshal Lyautey once asked his gardener to plant a tree. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr ( February 11 1921 – May 23 2006) was a four-term United States senator (1971 until 1993 from Texas The gardener objected that the tree was slow growing and would not reach maturity for 100 years. The Marshal replied, 'In that case, there is no time to lose; plant it this afternoon!'
References
- ^ Szaluta, Jacques "Marshal Petain's Ambassadorship to Spain: Conspiratorial or Providential Rise toward Power?", French Historical Studies 8:4
- Portions of this article were translated from the French language Wikipedia article fr:Hubert Lyautey. Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey ( November 17, 1854 - July 27, 1934) was a French general the first Resident-General
| Preceded by Henry Houssaye | Seat 14 Académie française 1912-1934 | Succeeded by Louis Franchet d'Espérey |
| Preceded by Pierre Roques | Minister of War December 12, 1916 - March 14, 1917 | Succeeded by Lucien Lacaze |
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