| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The House of Savoy (Italian: Casa Savoia) was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region. Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy 2nd Duke of Aosta ( 13 January, 1869 &ndash July 4, 1931) was a member of House of Savoy, former Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy Infante of Spain Count of Turin ( November 24, 1870 &ndash October 10, 1946) was a grandchild of King Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy Duke of the Abruzzi (Luigi Amedeo Giuseppe Maria Ferdinando Francesco ( January 29, 1873 &ndash March 18, 1933 Prince Umberto of Savoy Count of Salemi ( 22 June 1889 - 19 October 1918) was a member of the Aosta branch of the House of Savoy Prince Amedeo of Savoy 3rd Duke of Aosta ( 21 October 1898 - 3 March 1942) was the third Duke of Aosta and a cousin of the King Early life Aimone d'Aosta was born in Turin. He was the second son of Prince Emanuele Filiberto 2nd Duke of Aosta (son of Amadeus I of Spain Princess Margherita Isabella Maria Vittoria Emanuela Elena Gennara of Savoy-Aosta, Archduchess of Austria-Este, was born on April 7 1930 in Naples Prince Amedeo of Savoy Duke of Aosta, ( Given names: Amedeo Umberto Costantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir; born 27 September 1943 Prince Aimone of Savoy Duke of Apulia (born 13 October, 1967) is an Heir apparent to the disputed headship of the House of Savoy Umberto I King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy ( Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy) English Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Princess Yolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria of Savoy (Principessa Iolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria di Savoia ( June 1 1901 - October Princess Mafalda Maria Elisabetta Anna Romana of Savoy ( English Matilda Maria Elizabeth Anna Romana) ( November 2, 1902 Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15 1904 - March 18 1983 the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May ( Re Tsaritsa Ioanna of Bulgaria ( Italian: Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria and English Jovanna Elizabeth Antonia Romana Mary) ( 13 November Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15 1904 - March 18 1983 the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May ( Re Princess Maria Pia of Savoy ( Maria Pia Elena Elisabetta Margherita Milena Mafalda Ludovica Tecla Gennara di Savoia) (born Naples Italy 24 September, 1934 Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy ( Maria Gabriella Giuseppa Aldegonda Adelaide Daisy Ludovica Felicita Gennara di Savoia (born 24 February 1940 in For the Duchess of Modena Archduchess of Austria-Este and Jacobite heiress of the same name see Maria Beatrice of Savoy Princess Maria Beatrice Emanuele Filiberto Prince of Venice and Piedmont ( Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Rene Maria di Savoia) ( June 22, 1972 -) a member of the House Princess Vittoria of Savoy ( Vittoria Cristina Adelaide Chiara Maria di Savoia, born December 29, 2003, Geneva, Switzerland) is the Emanuele Filiberto Prince of Venice and Piedmont ( Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Rene Maria di Savoia) ( June 22, 1972 -) a member of the House For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Through gradual expansion, it grew from ruling a small county in that region to eventually rule the Kingdom of Italy until the end of the Second World War. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including At the time that it ended in 1946, the House of Savoy was the longest surviving royal house in Europe, second only perhaps to Japan's in the world. The Imperial House of Japan (also referred to as the Imperial Family or kōshitsu, 皇室 comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of [1]
Contents |
History
The name House of Savoy derives from the historical region Savoy in then France that emerged, along with the free communes of Switzerland, in what is now called Switzerland. For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Over time the house grew from that region to rule almost all of the Italian Peninsula. Yet their growth and survival over the centuries was not based on spectacular conquests, but on gradual territorial expansion through marriage and methodical and highly manipulative political acquisitions.
Early history
The house descended from Humbert I, Count of Sabaudia (Umberto I "Biancamano"), (1003-1047 or 1048). Humbert I (c 980&ndash1047/1048 was the first Count of Savoy from 1032 when the County of Vienne, which was recently sold to the Archdiocese of Vienne The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region Though originally a poor county, later heirs to the throne were diplomatically skilled, and gained control over strategic mountain passes in the Alps. Two of Humbert's sons were bishops at the Abbey of Saint Maurice on the River Rhone east of Geneva, and Saint Maurice is still the patron of the House of Savoy. The Rhone, or the Rhône is one of the major Rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Saint Maurice (also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius) was the leader of the legendary Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century and one of the
Humbert's son, Otto of Savoy ascended the throne in 1051 after the death of his elder brother Amedeo and married the Marchioness Adelaide of Turin, passing the Marquessate of Susa, with the towns of Turin and Pinerolo, into the House of Savoy's possession. Otto or Oddone in Italian, (1010 or 1020 &ndash c 1057 was Count of Savoy from 1051 (or 1056 until his death Amedeo is an Italian name meaning derived from the Latin name Amadeus, "lover of God" "loves God" or more correctly "for the love of God" Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. It is situated on a tributary of the Po River, at the foot of the Cottian Alps, 51 km (32 mi west of [2] This diplomatic skill caused the great powers such as France, England, and Spain to take the dukes' opinions into account. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
They once had claims on the modern canton of Vaud in Switzerland, but their access to it was cut by Geneva during the Protestant Reformation, after which it was conquered by Bern. The Canton of Vaud ( French pronunciation) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and is located in Romandy, the southwestern part of the Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Swiss Canton of Berne is Bilingual (Kanton Bern Canton de Berne and has a population of about 958000 Piedmont was later joined with Sabaudia, and the name evolved into "Savoy" (Italian "Savoia"). Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The people of Savoy were descended from the Celts and Romans. There are many Italians in the area along with French near the French border.
Expansion, retreat and prosperity
By the time Amadeus VIII of Savoy came to power in the late fourteenth century, the House of Savoy had gone through a series of gradual territorial expansions and he was elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund to the Duke of Savoy in 1416. Amadeus VIII ( September 4, 1383 &ndash January 7, 1451) was the son of Amadeus VII Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9,
However, the years of the Renaissance in Europe witnessed the invasion and occupation of Piedmoint by the French. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere When Charles VIII of France invaded Savoy, Piedmont, and Italy in 1494 and conquered Naples the House of Savoy retreated and established its residence in Turin, where they remained until the unification of Italy. Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death
When Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy came to power in 1553 most Savoy lands were in French hands. Emmanuel Philibert (in Italian Emanuele Filiberto; 8 July 1528 &ndash 30 August 1580) was Duke of Savoy So he offered to serve the Habsburgs in hopes of recovering his lands, and served Philip II as Governor of the Netherlands from 1555-1559. In this capacity he led the Spanish invasion of northern France and won a victory at Saint-Quentin in 1557. He took advantage of various squabbles in Europe to slowly regain territory from both the French and the Spanish, including the city of Turin. He moved the capital of the duchy from Chambéry to Turin and replaced Latin as the duchy's official language with Italian. Chambéry (Ciamberì or Sciamberì) is the capital of the department of Savoie, France.
The seventeenth century brought about economic development to the Turin area and the House of Savoy took part in and benefited from that. Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy developed the port of Nice and built a road through the Alps towards France. Charles Emmanuel II ( Italian: Carlo Emanuele II di Savoia, June 20, 1634 &ndash June 12, 1675) was the Duke of Savoy Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek And through skillful political maneuvers, territorial expansion continued. In early eighteenth century in the War of the Spanish Succession Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia switched sides to assist the Hapsburgs and via the Treaty of Utrecht they rewarded him with large pieces of land in northeastern Italy, and a Crown in Sicily. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting Victor Amadeus II, Italian Vittorio Amedeo II ( May 14 1666 - October 31 1732) was the Duke of Savoy (1675-1730 The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch
The Kingdom of Italy
The crown of Sicily, the prestige of being kings at last, and the wealth of Palermo helped strengthen the House of Savoy further and they established themselves in the Kingdom of Sardinia. Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the In 1792 Piedmont-Sardinia joined the First Coalition against the French First Republic, but was beaten in 1796 by Napoleon and forced to conclude the disadvantageous Treaty of Paris (1796), giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. The First Coalition ( 1792 – 1797) was the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain Revolutionary France. The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The Treaty of Paris of May 15 1796 was a Treaty between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia during the War of the First In 1798 Joubert, occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel IV to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Barthélemy Catherine Joubert ( April 14, 1769 &mdash August 15, 1799) was a French general Charles Emmanuel IV ( May 24, 1751 – October 6, 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802 Eventually, in 1814 the kingdom was restored and enlarged with the addition of the former Republic of Genoa by the Congress of Vienna. The Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Repubblica di Genova was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from the 11th century The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich
In the meantime, nationalist figures such as Giuseppe Mazzini were influencing popular opinion. Giuseppe Mazzini ( June 22, 1805, Genoa, Italy - March 10, 1872, Pisa, Italy was an Italian Patriot Mazzini believed that Italian unification could only be achieved through a popular uprising, but after the failure of the 1848 revolutions, the Italian nationalists began to look to the Kingdom of Sardinia and its prime minister Count Cavour as the leaders of the unification movement. The Italian states in 1848 As with Germany there was no " Italy " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848, but a collection of independent Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso Conte di Cavour, Conte di Isolabella e Leri ( August 10 1810 &ndash June In 1848 under the Statuto Albertino constitution Charles Albert I of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia including also most parts of north-western Italy, such as Piedmont. The Statuto Albertino or Albertine Statute was the Constitution that King Charles Albert I of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Biography He was born in Turin in 1798 to Charles Emmanuel of Savoy 6th Prince of Carignano and Albertina Maria Cristina of Saxony. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The Statuto Albertino remained at the basis of the Kingdom's legal system even after Italian unification was achieved and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The Statuto Albertino or Albertine Statute was the Constitution that King Charles Albert I of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy.
The Kingdom of Italy was the first Italian state to include the Italian Peninsula since the fall of the Roman Empire. There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. Th Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the three Peninsulas of Southern Europe The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial But when Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy was crowned King of Italy in 1861, his reign did not control Venetia and Lazio. Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Yet the House of Savoy continued to rule Italy for several decades through the Italian Independence wars as the Italian unification continued and even as the First World War raged on in the early 20th century. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
Controversies
Over the centuries, the House of Savoy had its share of controversies (including massacres of unarmed civilians including children and old people) on more than one occasion.
In the seventeenth century, based on (perhaps false) reports of resistance by Waldensians, in April 1655, Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy ordered their general massacre. General description The earliest Waldensians believed in poverty and austerity promoting true poverty public preaching and the personal study of the scriptures Charles Emmanuel II ( Italian: Carlo Emanuele II di Savoia, June 20, 1634 &ndash June 12, 1675) was the Duke of Savoy The massacre was so brutal it aroused indignation throughout Europe. Oliver Cromwell, then ruler in England, began petitioning on behalf of the Waldensians, writing letters, raising contributions, calling a general fast in England and threatening to send military forces to the rescue. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known The massacre prompted John Milton's famous sonnet: On the Late Massacre in Piedmont. John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and The sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in Lyric poetry from Europe. On the Late Massacre in Piedmont is a Sonnet by the English poet John Milton inspired by the massacre of Waldensians by the Charles Emmanuel II Duke
In the nineteenth century, the Bava-Beccaris massacre in Milan involved the use of cannons against unarmed protesters (including women and old people) during riots in Milan over the rising price of bread. The Bava Beccaris massacre, named after the Italian General Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, refers to the repression of widespread Riots in Milan in May 1898 King Umberto I of the House of Savoy congratulated General Fiorenzo Bava-Beccaris for the massacre and decorated him with the medal of Great Official of Savoy Military Order, greatly outraging a large part of the public opinion. Umberto I King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy ( Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy) English Fiorenzo Bava-Beccaris (March 1831 - April 8 1924) was an Italian general especially remembered for his harsh repression of riots in Milan As a result Umberto I was assassinated in July 1900 in Monza by Gaetano Bresci, the brother of one of the women massacred in the crowd, who traveled back to Italy from the United States for the assassination. Umberto I King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy ( Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy) English Monza ( Munscia in Western Lombard) is a city on the river Lambro, a tributary of the Po, in the Lombardy region of Italy Gaetano Bresci ( November 11 1869 - May 22 1901) was an Italian American anarchist who assassinated Italian
Fascism and end of monarchy
When the First World War ended, the Treaty of Versailles fell short of what had been promised in the London Pact to Italy. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. London Pact ( Italian Patto di Londra) or more correctly the Treaty of London, 1915 was a secret Pact between Italy and Triple As the economic conditions in Italy worsened after the war, popular resentment and along with it the seeds of Italian fascism began to grow and resulted in the March on Rome by Benito Mussolini. The term Italian Fascism denotes the totalitarian Fascismo political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 until 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini The March on Rome ( Marcia su Roma) was a Coup d'état by which Mussolini 's National Fascist Party ( Partito Nazionale Fascista
General Pietro Badoglio advised King Victor Emmanuel III of the House of Savoy that he could easily sweep Mussolini and his rag-tag Blackshirt army to one side, but Victor Emmanuel decided to tolerate Mussolini. Pietro Badoglio 1st Duke of Addis Abeba ( 28 September 1871 &ndash 1 November 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and For other uses and meanings see Blackshirts (disambiguation. The Blackshirts ( Italian: camicie nere, Later, the King's failure, in the face of mounting evidence, to move against the Mussolini regime's abuses of power led to much criticism. Though the King claimed in his memoirs that it was the fear of a civil war that motivated his actions, it would seem that he received some 'alternative' advice, possibly from Antonio Salandra and possibly some pro-Fascist elements in his immediate family, including Margherita of Savoy, his mother. Antonio Salandra ( 1853-08-13 &ndash 1931-12-09) was a conservative Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy Margherita Maria Teresa Giovanna di Savoia or Margaret of Savoy (born 20 November 1851 in Turin, died 4 January 1926 in Bordighera) was the Queen In retrospect, members of the House of Savoy and the moneyed class in Italy, felt that Mussolini and his regime offered a more stable and appealing option to the other alternative they perceived: socialism. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution
Eventually, the King's decision had dire future consequences for Italy and for the monarchy itself. On October 28, 1922, Victor Emmanuel III selected Mussolini to become Italian Prime Minister, allowing Mussolini and the Fascist Party to pursue their political ambitions as long as they supported the monarchy. Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and As Mussolini and the axis powers failed in the Second World War in 1943 Victor Emmanuel removed Mussolini from office and named Pietro Badoglio as his replacement. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Pietro Badoglio 1st Duke of Addis Abeba ( 28 September 1871 &ndash 1 November 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician However, he made a blunder when he negotiated a surrender to the Allies without ordering the army to defend Rome. Left without orders, the army virtually disintegrated. Victor Emmanuel and his government fled south to Brindisi. Brindisi can also refer to a song in which a company is exhorted to drink such as the "Tea-Cup Brindisi" in Gilbert and Sullivan 's " The Victor Emmanuel transferred most of his powers to his son, Crown Prince Umberto, in April 1944. Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15 1904 - March 18 1983 the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May ( Re Within a year, public opinion forced a plebiscite to decide between retaining the monarchy or becoming a republic. In hopes of influencing the vote, Victor Emmanuel formally abdicated on May 9, 1946. It did not work; 54% of the voters favored declaring a republic in the referendum held less than a month later. The Savoy family was required to leave the country. Taking refuge in Egypt, Victor Emmanuel died in Alexandria in 1947 and was buried there.
The rule of the House of Savoy thus ended with the 1946 referendum by which Italians chose the republic as the form of state (see also birth of the Italian Republic). Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The birth of the Italian Republic (officially on June 2, 1946) is a key event of Italian contemporary history. Under the Constitution of the Italian Republic, male descendants of the House of Savoy were forbidden from entering Italy. The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947 with 453 votes in favour and 62 This provision was removed in 2002 but as part of the deal to be allowed back into Italy, Vittorio Emanuele the last claimant to the House of Savoy renounced all claims to the throne[3]. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12
House of Savoy today
The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy in Turin and the neighbourhood are protected as a World Heritage Site. The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy is a group of structures in Turin and its province, in Piedmont (northern Italy) A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Although the titles and distinctions of the Italian royal family have been legally abolished, the remaining members of the House of Savoy still insist on using various titles, including the Counts of Savoy, the Dukes of Savoy, the Kings of Sardinia, and the Kings of Italy. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the
Currently the leadership of the House of Savoy is contested by two cousins: Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples, who used to claim the title of King of Italy and Duke Amadeo of Savoy who still claims the title of the Duke of Savoy. Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Prince Amedeo of Savoy Duke of Aosta, ( Given names: Amedeo Umberto Costantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir; born 27 September 1943 Their rivalry has not always been peaceful - on May 21, 2004, following a dinner held by King Juan Carlos I of Spain on the eve of the wedding of his son Felipe, Prince of Asturias, Vittorio Emanuele punched Amadeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta, twice in the face. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Prince Amedeo of Savoy Duke of Aosta, ( Given names: Amedeo Umberto Costantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir; born 27 September 1943 In the mid-13th century the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II made the County of Aosta (the Valle d'Aosta) a Duchy [4]
The remaining members of the House of Savoy have been engulfed in controversy in the twenty-first century. On June 16, 2006 Vittorio Emanuele was arrested in Varenna and imprisoned in Potenza on charges of corruption and recruitment of prostitutes for clients of the Casinò di Campione (casino) of Campione d'Italia. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Varenna is a Comune (municipality on Lake Como in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about Potenza (poˈtentsa is a town and Comune in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata (former Lucania Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain The Casinò di Campione is the largest employer in Campione d'Italia, an Italian enclave (and Tax-haven) within Switzerland 's Canton of A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities Campione redirects here For the football song see Campione 2000 Campione d'Italia is an Italian Comune (municipality [5][6][7] After several days, Vittorio Emanuele was released and placed under house arrest instead. [8] He was released from house arrest on July 20, but he had to stay inside the Italian borders.
Vittorio Emanuele's son Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy works in Geneva as a hedge fund manager. Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Emanuele Filiberto Prince of Venice and Piedmont ( Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Rene Maria di Savoia) ( June 22, 1972 -) a member of the House Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking A hedge fund is a private Investment fund open to a limited range of investors which is permitted by regulators to undertake a wider range of activities than other investment In 2007, lawyers representing the father and son wrote to Italian President Giorgio Napolitano seeking damages for their years in exile. Giorgio Napolitano (born June 29 1925) is an Italian Politician and former lifetime senator, the eleventh and current President of the Italian [9] During a television interview, Emanuele Filiberto also requested that Roman landmarks such as the Quirinale palace and Villa Ada should return to the Savoy family. The Quirinal Hill (Latin Collis Quirinalis) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, at the north-east of the city center Villa Ada is one of the very largest public parks in Rome, Italy. The Italian prime minister’s office has released a statement stating that the Savoys are not owed any damages and suggesting that the Italy may demand damages from the Savoys for their collusion with Benito Mussolini. The Italian constitution contains a clause stripping the Savoys of their wealth on exile. [10][11]
List of rulers
Counts of Savoy
Main Branch
- Humbert I "Biancamano" ("White hand") : 1003-1047 or 1048
- Amedeus I : 1048-1051 or 1056
- Otto : 1051 or 1056 - 1060
- Peter I : 1060-1078
- Amedeus II : 1060-1080
- Umbert II : 1080-1103
- Amedeus III : 1103-1148
- Umbert III : 1148-1189
- Thomas I : 1189-1233
- Amedeus IV : 1233-1253
- Boniface : 1253-1263
- Peter II : 1263-1268
- Philip I : 1268-1285
- Amedeus V : 1285-1323
- Edward I : 1323 - 1329
- Aimone : 1329-1343
- Amedeus VI : 1343-1383
- Amedeus VII : 1383-1391
- Amedeus VIII : as Count of Savoy 1391-1416
Dukes of Savoy
- Amedeus VIII : as Duke of Savoy 1416-1440
- Louis : 1440-1465
- Amedeus IX : 1465-1472
- Philibert I : 1472-1482
- Charles I : 1482-1490
- Charles (II) John Amedeus : 1490-1496
- Philip II : 1496-1497
- Philibert II : 1497-1504
- Charles III : 1504-1553
- Emmanuel Philibert : 1553-1580
- Charles Emmanuel I : 1580-1630
- Victor Amedeus I: 1630-1637
- Francis Hyacinth : 1637-1638
- Charles Emmanuel II : 1638-1675
- Victor Amedeus II : 1675 - 1720, 1730-1732, as 1st king of Sardinia 1720-1730
Kings of Sardinia
- Victor Amedeus II : 1720-1730
- Charles Emmanuel III : 1730-1773
- Victor Amedeus III : 1773-1796
- Charles Emmanuel IV : 1796-1802
- Victor Emmanuel I : 1802-1821
- Charles Felix : 1821-1831
Savoy-Carignano Branch
Kings of Italy
Rulers of other countries
- King Amadeus I of Spain (son of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy) : 1871-1873
- (ostensibly) King Tomislav II of the Independent State of Croatia (grandson of Amadeus I of Spain) : 1941-1943
Heads of the House of Savoy since 1946:
As of July 7, 2006, the leadership of the House of Savoy is now contested by two cousins:
- Crown Prince Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples, who claimed the title of King of Italy: December 15, 1969-present[12]
- Duke Amedeo of Aosta, who now claims the title of the Duke of Savoy: July 7, 2006-present
See also: Lists of incumbents, List of Presidents of the Italian Republic
Name, motto, titles
Name of the dynasty: Reale Casa di Savoia
.svg/180px-Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946).svg.png)
- The Motto is believed an acronym of
- "Foedere Et Religione Tenemur" (We will be kept together by the [constitutional] pact and by religion)
- but others suggest:
- "Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit" (His strength preserved Rhodes). For the later history of Savoy see Duchy of Savoy. The Counts of Savoy (Savoia Savoie emerged along with the free communes Humbert I (c 980&ndash1047/1048 was the first Count of Savoy from 1032 when the County of Vienne, which was recently sold to the Archdiocese of Vienne Amadeus I Coda (d 1051 or 1056 was the count of Savoy from the death of his father Umberto until his death (1047 or 1048 to 1051 or 1056 Otto or Oddone in Italian, (1010 or 1020 &ndash c 1057 was Count of Savoy from 1051 (or 1056 until his death Peter I (c 1048 - July 9 1078) was Count of Savoy and Margrave of Turin jointly with his brother Amadeus II of Savoy Amadeus II (c 1046 &ndash January 26, 1080) was Count of Savoy from 1060 to 1080 ruling jointly with Peter until 1078 ---- Humbert II, surnamed the Fat, was Count of Savoy from 1080 until his death in 1103 Amadeus III of Savoy (1095&ndash1148 was Count of Savoy and Maurienne from 1103 until his death Humbert III (1135–1189 surnamed the Blessed, was Count of Savoy from 1148 to 1189 Thomas I or Tommaso I (c 1176 &ndash March 1, 1233) was Count of Savoy from 1189-1233 Amadeus IV (1197 &ndash June 24 or July 13 1253) was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253 Boniface (b 1244 or 1245 &ndash mortally wounded on battlefield in 1263 was Count of Savoy from 1253 to 1263 succeeding his father Amadeus IV Peter II (1203&ndash1268 called the Little Charlemagne, was the Count of Savoy from 1263 until his death Philip I (1207 &ndash 16 August 1285, Roussillon) was the count of Savoy from 1268 to 1285 Amadeus V (between 1249 and 1253 Le Bourget-du-Lac &ndash 16 October, 1323, Avignon) surnamed the Great for his wisdom and success Edward (1284&ndash1329 surnamed the Liberal, was the Count of Savoy from 1323 to 1329 Aimone (1291 &ndash 1343 surnamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1329 to 1343 Amadeus VI ( January 4 1334 &ndash March 1 1383) surnamed the Green Count (Il Conte Verde was Count of Savoy from Amadeus VII (1360 &ndash November 1 1391) surnamed the Red Count, was Count of Savoy from 1383 to 1391 Amadeus VIII ( September 4, 1383 &ndash January 7, 1451) was the son of Amadeus VII Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. For the early history of Savoy, before it was raised to a duchy see County of Savoy and March of Turin. Amadeus VIII ( September 4, 1383 &ndash January 7, 1451) was the son of Amadeus VII Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. Louis I ( Ludovico I or Lodovico I in Italian) ( Geneva, February 21, 1402 /1413 &ndash Lyon, January The Blessed Amadeus IX ( February 1 1435 &ndash March 30 1472) surnamed the Happy was the Duke of Savoy from 1465 to 1472 Philibert I ( August 17 1465 &ndash September 22 1482) surnamed the Hunter, was the son of Amadeus IX Duke of Savoy and Charles I ( March 29 1468 &ndash March 13 1490) surnamed the Warrior, was the Duke of Savoy from 1482 to 1490 and titular Charles II or Charles John Amadeus ( Carlo Giovanni Amedeo in Italian) ( June 23 1489 &ndash April 16 1496 Philip II ( February 5 1438 &ndash November 7 1497) surnamed the Landless was the Duke of Savoy for the brief reign from Philibert II ( 10 April 1480 &ndash 10 September 1504) surnamed the Handsome or the Good was the Duke of Savoy from 1497 Charles III of Savoy ( October 10, 1486 &ndashAugust 1553 often called Charles the Good, was Duke of Savoy from 1504 to 1553 although most of his Emmanuel Philibert (in Italian Emanuele Filiberto; 8 July 1528 &ndash 30 August 1580) was Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I ( Italian: Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia, January 12 1562 &ndash July 26 1630) surnamed the Great Victor Amadeus I ( Italian: Vittorio Amedeo I di Savoia, 8 May 1587 &ndash 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 Francis Hyacinth (Francesco Giacinto di Savoia September 14 1632 &ndash October 4 1638 was the Duke of Savoy from 1637 to 1638 under regency of his mother Marie Christine Charles Emmanuel II ( Italian: Carlo Emanuele II di Savoia, June 20, 1634 &ndash June 12, 1675) was the Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus II, Italian Vittorio Amedeo II ( May 14 1666 - October 31 1732) was the Duke of Savoy (1675-1730 Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1732 ( MDCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Victor Amadeus II, Italian Vittorio Amedeo II ( May 14 1666 - October 31 1732) was the Duke of Savoy (1675-1730 Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Charles Emmanuel III ( April 27, 1701 - February 20, 1773) was the Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 until his Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victor Amadeus III ( Italian Vittorio Amedeo III di Savoia, June 26 1726 - October 16 1796) was King of Sardinia Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Charles Emmanuel IV ( May 24, 1751 – October 6, 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802 Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Victor Emmanuel I ( July 24, 1759 &ndash January 10, 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, and Aosta, and King Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Other The Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa is entitled to him Ancestors Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a The Savoy-Carignan line (Savoia-Carignano (Savoie-Carignan was an offshoot of House of Savoy descended from its first member Thomas Francis, son of Charles Biography He was born in Turin in 1798 to Charles Emmanuel of Savoy 6th Prince of Carignano and Albertina Maria Cristina of Saxony. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Umberto I King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy ( Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy) English Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15 1904 - March 18 1983 the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May ( Re Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Background Prince Amedeo of Savoy was born in Turin, Italy. He was the second son of Victor Emmanuel II (King of Piedmont, Savoy Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Early life Aimone d'Aosta was born in Turin. He was the second son of Prince Emanuele Filiberto 2nd Duke of Aosta (son of Amadeus I of Spain The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15 1904 - March 18 1983 the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May ( Re Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Prince Amedeo of Savoy Duke of Aosta, ( Given names: Amedeo Umberto Costantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir; born 27 September 1943 Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaPage size suggests not to divide this as it's a list This is the list of Presidents of the Italian Republic with the title it '''''Presidente della Repubblica''''' since 1948 A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group FERT, the Motto of the Royal House of Savoy, or Reale Casa di Savoia in the Italian language, and of the former Kingdom of Italy or Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name This refers to Duke Amadeo V "the Great" (1249-1323), who fought against the Saracens at the siege of Rhodes in 1310.
- "Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet" (His bravery preserves the Republic)
- "Fides Est Regni Tutela" (Faith is the protection of the kingdom)
- The proposed origin from "Femina Erit Ruina Tua" (Woman will be your ruin) is obviously only a satire. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human
- Another famous spurious satire is "Frappez, Entrez, Rompez Tout!", roughly translated from the French as "Knock, get in, then break everything!" It is supposedly a French witticism mocking the freebooting foreign policies of Duke Vittorio Amadeo II.
Titles of the Crown of Sardinia
VITTORIO AMEDEO III, per la grazia di Dio Re di Sardegna, Cipro, Gerusalemme e Armenia; Duca di Savoia, Monferrato, Chablais, Aosta, e Genevese; Principe di Piemonte ed Oneglia; Marchese d'Italia Saluzzo, Susa, Ivrea, Ceva, Maro, Oristano, Sezana; Conte di Moriana, Geneva, Nizza, Tenda, Asti, Alessandria, Goceano; Barone di Vaud e di Faucigny; Signore di Vercelli, Pinerolo, Tarantasia, Lumellino, Val di Sesia; Principe e Vicario perpetuo del Sacro Romano Imperio in Italia. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the high and late Middle Ages, between 1192 and 1489 is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291 as well as claimants to the title up to the present day The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as Little Armenia, Kingdom of Lesser Armenia, Cilician Kingdom; Classical Armenian: Կիլիկիոյ The Marquises and Dukes of Montferrat were the rulers of a territory in Piedmont south of the Po and east of Turin called Montferrat. Chablais was a former province of the Duchy of Savoy, with its historic capital in Thonon-les-Bains. In the mid-13th century the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II made the County of Aosta (the Valle d'Aosta) a Duchy Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Oneglia was a town in northern Italy on the Ligurian seaside that was joined to Porto Maurizio to form the Commune of Imperia in 1923 Saluzzo is a town and former principality in the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont region Italy. Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. It is situated on a tributary of the Po River, at the foot of the Cottian Alps, 51 km (32 mi west of Ivrea is a town and commune of the Province of Turin in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. Ceva, the ancient Ceba is a small Italian town in the province of Cuneo, region of Piedmont, 49 km east of Cuneo. Oristano (Aristanis is a town and commune in Sardinia, Italy, the capital of the Province of Oristano. Sežana (Sesana is a town and a municipality in the Karst region of western Slovenia, near the border with Italy. Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (San Giovanni di Moriana is a commune in the Maurienne, the valley of the River Arc. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Tende (in Italian, Occitan and Royasc: Tenda) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern Asti is a city and Comune in the Piemonte or Piedmont region, in north-western Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro Alessandria ( Lissandria in Piedmontese) is a city in Piedmont Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. The Canton of Vaud ( French pronunciation) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and is located in Romandy, the southwestern part of the Faucigny is a village and municipality of the Haute-Savoie département of France. Vercelli ( Varséj in Piedmontese) is a City of about 50000 inhabitants in the Province of Vercelli in Piedmont in northern Pinerolo is a Town and commune in north-western Italy, 40 kilometres southwest of Turin on the river Chisone.
The English translation is: Victor Amadeus III, by the Grace of God, King of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia, Duke of Savoy, Montferrat, Chablais, Aosta and Genoa, Prince of Piedmont and Oneglia, Marquess in Italy, of Saluzzo, Susa, Ivrea, Ceva, Maro, Oristano, Sezana, Count of Maurienne, Geneva, Nice, Tende, Asti, Alessandria, Goceano, Baron of Vaud and Faucigny, Lord of Vercelli, Pinerolo, Tarantasia, Lumellino, Val di Sesia, Prince and perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire in Italy. Victor Amadeus III ( Italian Vittorio Amedeo III di Savoia, June 26 1726 - October 16 1796) was King of Sardinia By the Grace of God, as well as the various equivalent phrases in other languages thus rendered in English, is not a title in its own right but a common introductory part
Titles of the Crown of Italy
Victor Emmanuel II, by the Grace of God and the Will of the Nation, King of Italy, King of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem, Armenia, Duke of Savoy, count of Maurienne, Marquis (of the Holy Roman Empire) in Italy; prince of Piedmont, Carignano, Oneglia, Poirino, Trino; Prince and Perpetual vicar of the Holy Roman Empire; prince of Carmagnola, Montmellian with Arbin and Francin, prince bailliff of the Duchy of Aosta, Prince of Chieri, Dronero, Crescentino, Riva di Chieri e Banna, Busca, Bene, Brà, Duke of Genoa, Monferrat, Aosta, Duke of Chablais, Genevois, Duke of Piacenza, Marquis of Saluzzo (Saluces), Ivrea, Susa, del Maro, Oristano, Cesana, Savona, Tarantasia, Borgomanero e Cureggio, Caselle, Rivoli, Pianezza, Govone, Salussola, Racconigi con Tegerone, Migliabruna e Motturone, Cavallermaggiore, Marene, Modane e Lanslebourg, Livorno Ferraris, Santhià Agliè, Centallo e Demonte, Desana, Ghemme, Vigone, Count of Barge, Villafranca, Ginevra, Nizza, Tenda, Romont, Asti, Alessandria, del Goceano, Novara, Tortona, Bobbio, Soissons, Sant'Antioco, Pollenzo, Roccabruna, Tricerro, Bairo, Ozegna, delle Apertole, Baron of Vaud e del Faucigni, Lord of Vercelli, Pinerolo, della Lomellina, della Valle Sesia, del marchesato di Ceva, Overlord of Monaco, Roccabruna and 11/12th of Menton, Noble patrician of Venice, patrician of Ferrara. Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of By the Grace of God, as well as the various equivalent phrases in other languages thus rendered in English, is not a title in its own right but a common introductory part The following is a list of monarchs of Kingdom of Sardinia. Early medieval rulers Goddas, 533&ndash534 Vandal governor The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the high and late Middle Ages, between 1192 and 1489 is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291 as well as claimants to the title up to the present day Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Carignano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 km south of Turin Oneglia was a town in northern Italy on the Ligurian seaside that was joined to Porto Maurizio to form the Commune of Imperia in 1923 Poirino is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 km southeast of Trino is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km northeast of The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Carmagnola is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located 29 km south of Turin Bailiff (from Late Latin baiulivus, Adjectival form of baiulus) is a Governor or Custodian (cf Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Chieri is a town in the Province of Turin, Piedmont ( Italy) located about 11 km southeast of Turin (15 km by rail and 13 km by road Dronero is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km southwest of Crescentino is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km northeast of Chieri is a town in the Province of Turin, Piedmont ( Italy) located about 11 km southeast of Turin (15 km by rail and 13 km by road Busca (Buscha is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km southwest of The Royal Dukedom of Genoa was awarded in 1831 to Prince Ferdinand of Savoy the second son of King Charles Albert of Sardinia. Montferrat (in Piemontèis, Monfrà; in Italian, Monferrato) is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. Genevois is the name used in Geneva used for the dialect of Arpitan used in the canton of Geneva A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies Saluzzo is a town and former principality in the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont region Italy. Ivrea is a town and commune of the Province of Turin in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. It is situated on a tributary of the Po River, at the foot of the Cottian Alps, 51 km (32 mi west of Oristano (Aristanis is a town and commune in Sardinia, Italy, the capital of the Province of Oristano. Not to be confused with Cesena. Cesana Torinese is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the This article is about the Italian city For the small town of Savona Canada please see Savona British Columbia, or the village in the USA, see Savona Borgomanero is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 km northeast of Cureggio is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 km northeast of There are communes that have the name Caselle in Italy Caselle Italy, a subdivision of San Zeno Naviglia in the Province of Brescia Pianezza is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 12 km northwest of Govone is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 km southeast of Turin Salussola is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km northeast of Cavallermaggiore is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 km south of Marene is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 km south of Turin Modane (Modana is a commune of the Savoie département in France. Livorno Ferraris is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 km northeast Centallo is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km south of Turin Demonte is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 km southwest of Desana ( Dzan-a in Piedmontese) is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont Ghemme is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 km northeast of Vigone is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 km southwest of Turin Barge is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km southwest of Turin Villafranca is a town and Municipality located in the province and the autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Romont is a municipality in the district of Glâne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Asti is a city and Comune in the Piemonte or Piedmont region, in north-western Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro Alessandria ( Lissandria in Piedmontese) is a city in Piedmont Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. Novara ( Nuara in the local Novarese dialect of Western Lombard) is the capital city of the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest For the medieval Scholar, see Marziano da Tortona Tortona is a Comune of Piemonte, in the Province of Bobbio is a small town and commune in the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. Soissons is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 Sant'Antioco is a the name of both an island and a municipality ( Comune) in southwestern Sardinia, in the Province of Carbonia-Iglesias, in The ancient town of Pollentia on the left bank of the Tanaro is known today as Pollenzo, a Frazione of Bra in the Province Roccabruna is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km southwest of Tricerro ( Trisser in Piedmontese) is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont Bairo is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km north of Turin Ozegna is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 km north of Turin Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber The Canton of Vaud ( French pronunciation) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and is located in Romandy, the southwestern part of the Vercelli ( Varséj in Piedmontese) is a City of about 50000 inhabitants in the Province of Vercelli in Piedmont in northern Pinerolo is a Town and commune in north-western Italy, 40 kilometres southwest of Turin on the river Chisone. Sésia was the name of a département of the First French Empire. Ceva, the ancient Ceba is a small Italian town in the province of Cuneo, region of Piedmont, 49 km east of Cuneo. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque Roccabruna is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km southwest of Menton (mɑ̃tɔ̃ Occitan: Menton in classical norm or Mentan in Mistralian norm Italian: Mentone) is a commune The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara.
These titles were used during the unified Kingdom of Italy which lasted from 1860-1946[1]. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Dynastic orders
The House of Savoy has held two dynastic orders since 1434, which were brought into the Kingdom of Italy as national orders. Although the Kingdom of Italy ceased to exist in 1946, King Umberto II did not abdicate his role as fons honorum over the two dynastic orders over which the family has long held sovereignty and grand mastership. The fount of honour ( Latin: fons honorum) refers to a nation's Head of state, who by virtue of his or her official position has the exclusive right of The following are the dynastic orders of the Royal House of Savoy. Today, HRH Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples is hereditary Sovereign and Grand Master of these orders. Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12
- Ordine Supremo della SS. Annunziata (The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation)
- Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro (The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus)
Recently, all three of Victor Emmanuel's sisters (HRH Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma, HRH Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy, and HRH Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy) resigned from both of these dynastic orders, alleging that memberships in the orders had been sold to unworthy candidates, a newfound practice they could not abide. The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation ( Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) was the primary dynastic order of the Kingdom of Italy, which ceased to The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus is an Order of chivalry awarded by the House of Savoy, the heads of which were formerly Kings of Italy Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples ( Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia) (born February 12 Princess Maria Pia of Savoy ( Maria Pia Elena Elisabetta Margherita Milena Mafalda Ludovica Tecla Gennara di Savoia) (born Naples Italy 24 September, 1934 Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy ( Maria Gabriella Giuseppa Aldegonda Adelaide Daisy Ludovica Felicita Gennara di Savoia (born 24 February 1940 in For the Duchess of Modena Archduchess of Austria-Este and Jacobite heiress of the same name see Maria Beatrice of Savoy Princess Maria Beatrice [13]
In addition to these, the House of Savoy claims sovereignty over the Civil Order of Savoy, and the Order of Merit of Savoy, which are merit orders of the Royal House.
See also
References
- ^ "In 1946, when the Kingdom of Italy came to an end, the House of Savoy was the world's oldest reigning dynasty. This article refers to the Austrian Habsburg military leader for the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte see Eugène de Beauharnais. In the mid-13th century the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II made the County of Aosta (the Valle d'Aosta) a Duchy This list has been split into smaller lists List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility A List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility The Counts of Villafranca and later the Counts of Villafranca-Soissons are legitimate male line descendants of Thomas Francis Prince of Carignan the founder of the "House of Savoy History
- ^
"Piedmont". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company. - ^ Guardian Newspaper http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,2763,1227375,00.html
- ^ Right royal punch-up at Spanish prince's wedding
- ^ Arrest and jail
- ^ Arrested Italy prince goes from palace to jail
- ^ The Prince and the prostitutes
- ^ House arrest
- ^ Savoy claim http://rome.wantedineurope.com/news/news.php?id_n=3846
- ^ CBC News http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/11/22/italy-savoys.html
- ^ Daily Telegraph http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/21/witaly121.xml
- ^ Royal Decree No. 1
- ^ The Fall of the House of Savoy, The Guardian, June 23, 2006.
- Spencer Di Scala, Italy: From Revolution to Republic ISBN 0813341760
- Toby Osborne Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy ISBN 0521037913
- Eugene Cox The Eagles of Savoy: The House of Savoy in Thirteenth-Century Europe 0691052166
External links
- Official website of the Royal House of Savoy
- Brief history of the House with a picture of coat-of-arm
- Genealogy of recent members of the House
- House of Savoy fansite
- The Heads of House of Savoy
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic