In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or her residence. JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all. Travel is the change in location of people on a trip through the means of Transport from one location to another House arrest is a lenient alternative to prison time or juvenile-detention time. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of

While house arrest can be applied to common criminal cases when prison does not seem an appropriate measure, the term is often applied to the use of house confinement as a measure of repression by authoritarian governments against political dissidents. Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union A dissident, broadly defined is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine policy or institution In that case, typically, the person under house arrest does not have access to means of communication. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information If electronic communication is allowed, conversations will most likely be monitored.

Home detention provides an alternative to imprisonment and aims to reduce re-offending while also coping with expanding prison numbers and rising costs. It allows eligible offenders to retain or seek employment, maintain family relationships and responsibilities and attend rehabilitative programs that contribute towards addressing the causes of their offending.

The terms of house arrest can differ. Some terms can require the convict to be inside his or her private residence no matter what. Others allow for certain exceptions, such as being allowed movement in as much as functions for the court or the prisoner's essentials. Examples of such movement can include visits to the probation officer or police station, or being allowed to go to the office of a doctor or dentist. Some house arrests also permit the convict to frequent gymnasiums to keep their health up, as most prisons do have gyms and recreational areas included within their walls. Another house arrest option is to allow the prisoner to frequent shops and supermarkets on the basis that it is necessary to resupply the house periodically. (A person under house arrest may also attend social gatherings such as birthday party's, outings, etc. as long its within parental consent)

Nowadays, in technologically advanced countries, house arrest is often enforced with the use of an electronic sensor locked to the offender's ankle (called an ankle monitor). In Human anatomy, the ankle Joint is formed where the Foot and the leg meet An ankle monitor is a device that individuals under House arrest are often required to wear If the subject and the sensor venture too far from the home, the violation is recorded and the proper authorities are summoned. The electronic surveillance together with frequent contact with their probation officer and checks by the security guards provides for a secure environment. To discourage tampering, many ankle monitors can now detect attempted removal.

Notable instances

Algeria

• Ahmed Ben Bella Former President of Algeria deposed by Houari Boumédiènne in 1965, went to exile in 1980. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella (Muhammad Ahmad Bin Balla (أحمد بن بلّة (born December 25 1918, Maghnia, Algeria) was the first President List of heads of state of Algeria (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office Affiliations- Houari Boumédienne (original name Mohamed Ben Brahim Boukharouba) ( August 23, 1932 – December 27, 1978) (هواري بومدين

Argentina

• Jorge Videla Former President of Argentina

Burma

• Aung San Suu Kyi, Pro-democracy activist, has been under house arrest for extended periods. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 21, 1925 in Mercedes Buenos Aires) was the dictator and President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981 The President of Argentina (full title President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the Head of state Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Aung San Suu Kyi ( àunsʰánsṵtʃì born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro- Democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system She is presently confined to her home in Rangoon yet again, under her 11th period of house arrest. Each of her eleven house arrests has been declared arbitrary by the UN's Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.
• Ne Win Former military commander of Burma. Ne Win (နေဝင်း nè wín 24 May or 14 May 1911 or 10 July 1910 – 5 December 2002; born Shu He was deposed in 1988 and put under house arrest in 2001.

Cambodia

• Pol Pot Former Premier of Cambodia. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Saloth Sar ( May 19, 1925 – April 15, 1998) also known as Pol Pot, was leader of the Communist movement known as He was deposed when Vietnam attacked Cambodia in 1978. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially

Chile

• In January 5, 2005, former dictator Augusto Pinochet was placed under house arrest by orders of the Supreme Court of Chile. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November The Supreme Court of Chile is the highest Court in Chile. It also administrates the lower courts in the nation

People's Republic of China

• Zhao Ziyang, purged Communist Chinese leader, was put under house arrest for the last 16 years of his life after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Zhao Ziyang ( (17 October 1919&ndash17 January 2005 was a politician in the People's Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two His movements had to be approved by the Communist Party of China's Central Office, which only allowed him to travel quietly to different places inside China and to play golf. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the
• Jiang Yanyong, physician who revealed SARS incident in China. Jiang Yanyong ( Traditional Chinese: 蔣彥永 Simplified Chinese: 蒋彦永 Hanyu Pinyin: Jiǎng Yànyǒng Wade-Giles He was put under house arrest after requesting the government to investigate the June 4 Tiananmen incident. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.

Egypt

• Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), Iraqi scientist working in Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> ( Arabic: ابو علی، حسن بن حسن بن هيثم Latinized For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. In 1011, he feigned madness in fear of angering the Egyptian caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. Feigned madness a term used in popular culture to describe the assumption of a mental condition or illness by a person for purposes of evasion or deceit The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Tāriqu l-Ḥākim, called bi Amr al-Lāh ( Arabic: الحاكم بأمر الله; literally "Ruler by God's Command" was the sixth Fatimid He was kept under house arrest until the caliph's death in 1021.
• Muhammad Naguib, Former President of Egypt. Muhammad Naguib (محمد نجيب) (born 20 February, 1901 &ndash 29 August, 1984) was the first President of Egypt, serving Pharaonic Dynasties (3100 BC – 30 BC See also List of pharaohs Roman Province (30 BC – 323 AD See also List of He led a military coup in 1953 and deposed the former King Farouk. Farouk I of Egypt ( Arabic: فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal) ‎ (February 11 1920 &ndash March 18 1965 was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad He was in turn deposed by Gamal Nasser in 1954. Gamal Abdel Nasser (جمال عبد الناصر Gamāl ‘Abd an-Nāṣir; - January 15 1918 September 28 1970) was the second President

Hawaii

• The last Hawaiian queen Liliuokalani had her prison sentence commuted to imprisonment in an upstairs bedroom of Iolani Palace by the Republic of Hawaii until she was released in 1896. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Liliuokalani ( September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) born Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha, was the last Iolani Palace, situated in the capitol district of Downtown Honolulu in the U The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawai{{okina}}i from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a Republic

Indonesia

• Sukarno, First President of Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Sukarno ( June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the Head of State as well as the Head of the Government of the Republic He was deposed in 1967 by General Suharto. Suharto, also spelled Soeharto (June 8 1921 &ndash January 27 2008 was an Indonesian military leader and the second President of Indonesia, holding

Iran

• Mohammed Mossadeq , Former Premier of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Mohammad Mosaddeq ( (, pronounced mosæddeq}} also Mosaddegh or Mossadegh) ( May 19 1882 – 5 March 1967) was a major Prime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era (when the country was internationally known Was deposed in 1953.
• Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri was sentenced to house arrest in 1997. Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri (حسین علی منتظری styled His Honourable Eminence, (born in 1922 was one of the leaders of the Islamic

Israel

• Mordechai Vanunu , an Israeli whistleblower, is under house arrest for an indefinite amount of time since 2003. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Mordechai Vanunu (מרדכי ואנונו born in Marrakech, Morocco on October 13 1954 is an Israeli former nuclear This is an article about a term For the 2008 RTÉ drama see Whistleblower (TV series.

New Zealand

• At sentencing the Judge can grant offenders who receive a short-term sentence (two years or less) leave to apply for home detention. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island This is called front-end home detention – i. e. it is applied for at the beginning of a sentence. If it is deferred by the Judge, an offender has two weeks to apply, during which time they will be granted bail. Offenders serving long-term sentences can apply for back-end home detention five months before their Parole Eligibility Date, though, if granted, they won’t be released until three months before their PED.

Nigeria

• Shehu Shagari, President of Nigeria was placed under house arrest on December 31, 1983, following a military coup which ousted his government (see: Nigerian Second Republic). Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, Turakin Sakkwato (born February 25, 1925,) served as the President of Nigeria 's Second Republic (1979 History When Nigeria became a Federal republic within the Commonwealth in 1963 it retained the Parliamentary system of government inherited from Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The Second Republic was the republican government of Nigeria between 1979 and 1983 governed by the second republican constitution
• General Muhammadu Buhari, Military Head of State was confined to his residence following the palace coup which ejected him from office. History When Nigeria became a Federal republic within the Commonwealth in 1963 it retained the Parliamentary system of government inherited from
• MKO Abiola, was placed under house arrest after he declared himself the rightful winner of the 1993 presidential elections, against the wishes of the Ibrahim Babangida military junta. Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola (often referred to as M The Third Republic was the planned republican government of Nigeria in 1993 which was to be governed by the Third republican constitution General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (born August 17 1941) popularly known as IBB, was the military ruler of Nigeria from his coup He was detained for five years till his death in 1998 [1].

Pakistan

• Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Former Premier and President of Pakistan. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ( Urdu: ur '''ذوالفقار علی بھٹو''' Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو, zʊlfɪqɑːɾ ɑli bɦʊʈːoː The Prime Minister of Pakistan, in Urdu وزیر اعظم Wazir-e- Azam meaning "Grand Minister", is the Head of Government The President of Pakistan ( Urdū: صدر Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the Head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. He was deposed in 1977 in a military coup led by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq he was put to trial and hanged later in 1979. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ( Arabic: محمد ضياء الحق) (b
• Imran Khan, former captain of Pakistan cricket team and chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) (Movement for Justice) was placed under house arrest at the declaration of a state of emergency by General Pervaz Musharraf on November 3, 2007. Imran Khan Niazi ( عمران خان نیازی) (born November 25 1952) is a Pakistani Cricketer and politician The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf ( Urdu: پاکستان تحريک انصاف) ( Pakistan Movement for Justice) is a Political party in A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies General (ret Pervez Musharraf ( (born 11 August 1943 NI(M, HI(M, TBt, is the former Military dictator and President of Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Roman Catholic Church

• Galileo Galilei was put under house arrest for his belief in Copernicus's theory of the sun in the middle of the universe and all the planets and stars revolving around it. Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher He stayed under house arrest until 1642 when he died.

Singapore

• Chia Thye Poh, former leftist Member of Parliament, was arrested without charges and held under detention without trial in 1966. Singapore Chia Thye Poh ( b1941 Subsequent to it he has been a doctoral student and an Interpreter. 22 years later, he was released and placed under house arrest in a guardhouse on the resort island of Sentosa and made to pay the rent, on the pretext that he was now a "free" man. Sentosa, which means peace and tranquillity in Malay, is a popular Island Resort in Singapore, visited by some five million people

South Africa

• Bram Fischer, former South African Communist Party leader, was diagnosed with cancer while in prison and was placed under house arrest due to pressure from the anti-apartheid groups. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Abram Louis Fischer, commonly known as Bram Fischer, ( 23 April 1908 - 8 May 1975) was a South African Lawyer of South African Communist Party ( SACP) is a Political party in South Africa.

Soviet Union

• Former Premier Nikita Khrushchev was placed under house arrest for the seven years before his death after being deposed in 1964. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following

Tunisia

• Habib Bourguiba, Former President of Tunisia. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Habib Bourguiba (حبيب بورقيبة Ḥabīb Būrqība ( August 3, 1903 &ndash April 6, 2000) was a Tunisian statesman and the This is a list of presidents of Tunisia since 1957 Presidents of the Republic of Tunisia (1957-Present See also Lists of office-holders He was deposed in a military coup in 1987.
• Muhammad VIII al-Amin, former king of Tunisia, he was deposed in 1957 by Habib Bourguiba. Muhammad VIII al-Amin ( 4 September 1881 - 30 September 1962) (الأمين باي بن محمد الحبيب was the last bey of

United Kingdom

• Provision to detain terrorist suspects under house arrest without trial has been made possible by the controversial Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005; 10 men are currently (March 2005) under house arrest or other "Control Orders" under the Act. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 is a British Act of Parliament intended to deal with the Law Lords ' ruling of 16 December, 2004 ^[1]

United States

• William Calley, U. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the William Laws Calley Jr (born June 8, 1943, in Miami, Florida) is American war criminal U S. Army officer responsible for the My Lai massacre, served 3½ years of house arrest after presidential clemency instead of his original sentence of life imprisonment. The My Lai Massacre ( approximately) (thảm sát Mỹ Lai was the Mass murder of 347 to 504 unarmed citizens of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam almost
• Riddick Bowe, a former boxing champion, was sentenced to be under brief house arrest after being released from prison. Riddick Lamont Bowe (born August 10, 1967, Brooklyn, New York City) is an American boxer and former undisputed Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight,
• Lionel Tate was sentenced under one-year house arrest under the terms of the plea bargain offered in January 2004. Lionel Alexander Tate (born January 30, 1987) is the youngest American citizen ever sentenced to Life imprisonment without possibility of Parole
• Martha Stewart was sentenced to five months of house arrest following her release from prison on March 4, 2005. Martha Stewart (born Martha Helen Kostyra; August 3, 1941) is an American Business magnate, Television host, author Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• Debra Lafave, a former middle-school teacher, was sentenced to house arrest on November 22, 2005 for having sex with a 14-year-old pupil. Debra Jean LaFave, formerly Debra Jean Beasley, (born August 28, 1980) is an American Model and former Teacher at Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• Paris Hilton, an heiress and socialite, was re-assigned to house arrest on June 7, 2007, but was ordered back to prison on June 8, 2007 to serve the remainder of her 45-day sentence for violating probation from a prior DUI conviction. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
• Dr Dre, one of the founding fathers of gangsta rap and former member of the influential hip-hop group NWA was sentenced to a house arrest after breaking the jaw of a record producer. Andre Romelle Young (born February 18 1965 primarily known by his stage name Dr For the Ice T album see Gangsta Rap (album. Gangsta rap is a term originated by the mainstream media to describe a certain subgenre He told VH1's Behind the Music, "The walls started to cave in on me. VH1 (known as VH-1 Video Hits One from 1985 to 1994 and VH1 Music First until 2003) is an American Cable television Behind the Music was a Television series on VH1 that ran from 1997 to 2006, and continues to air sporadically with new episodes "
• T.I., an american rapper and co-CEO of Grand Hustle Records was sentenced to house arrest after gun charges. Clifford Joseph Harris Jr (born September 25 1980 better known by his Stage name T

See also

• Internment
• Curfew
• Exile
• Grounding (punishment)

Notes

1. ^ BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Anti-terrorism law row rumbles on

New Zealand Corrections Department NationalHomeDetention.com - Provider of house arrest solutions