Hopi

Hopi
Total population
6,946
Regions with significant populations
United States (Arizona, California)
Languages
English, Hopi
Religions
Traditional beliefs

Photograph by Henry Peabody, Iris Nampeyo, world famous Hopi ceramist, with her work, circa 1900

The Hopi are Native American people who primarily live on the 12,635 km² (2,531. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Hopi is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Hopi people (a Pueblo group of northeastern Arizona, USA although today some Hopi are monolingual Iris Nampeyo (1860?&ndash1942 was a Hopi potter who lived on the Hopi Reservation in present-day Arizona. A ceramist or sometimes ceramicist describes an individual working in the production of ceramic objects or artwork Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States 773 sq mi) Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. The Hopi Reservation is a Native American reservation for the Hopi and Arizona Tewa people -- surrounded entirely by the Navajo Reservation -- The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The Hopi Reservation is entirely surrounded by the much larger Navajo Reservation. The Navajo Nation ( Diné in the Navajo language) is a semi- autonomous Native American homeland covering about 26000 square miles (67339 square The two nations used to share the Navajo-Hopi Joint Use Area. The partition of this area, commonly known as Big Mountain, by Acts of Congress in 1974 and 1996, has resulted in seemingly endless controversy. Black Mesa (also called Big Mountain) is an upland area in Navajo County Arizona. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

The reservation had a 2000 census population of 6,946 persons. Its largest community is First Mesa, Arizona. First Mesa ( Hopi: Wàlpi) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi

1 History
2 Culture
3 Religion
- 3.1 Oral Tradition
4 Images
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links

History

According to Hopi lore, the Hopi are a gathering of many separate people representing tribes from distant areas, now identifying culturally as one people. With impact of the Athabascan migrations from Canada (forming the modern Navajo nation) ending as late as the 15th century the Hopi moved from original village locations at the bottoms of mesas to the tops where these villages could be defended. Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan, Athapaskan, Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes) is the name of a large group of closely Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Navajo (sometimes spelled Navaho) or Diné, (means The People in Navajo) refers or relates to the Navajo people, currently A mesa ( Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic for "table" is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs Popularly these are known as First, Second and Third Mesas because of their order of Spanish encounter. In contrast, the Navajo prefer to live in small family groups now widely distributed across northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The Hopi have been town dwellers for many centuries (nine existed at the arrival of the Spanish of them—Sikyatki, Koechaptevela, Kisakovi, Sichomovi, Mishongnovi, Shipaulovi, Shungopavi, Oraibi and Awatobi). The Hopi village of Old Oraibi, located on Third Mesa and founded about the year 1100, is the oldest continuously occupied settlement in the United States. Oraibi, also referred to as Old Oraibi, is a Hopi village in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, in the northeastern part Some aspects of the Hopi culture are in common with those of the Tewa puebloan culture; however strictly abiding by non-Hopi anthropological writings remains too constricting across all "Puebloan" tribes. Tewa are lingustic group of Pueblo American Indians who speak the Tewa language and share the Pueblo culture Pueblos are traditional communities of Native Americans in the southwestern United States of America.

The Hopi reservation is surrounded by the Navajo reservation. ^[4] While traditionally the Hopi and the Navajo have considered each other to be "enemies" in various ways, they have recently become more cooperative in actions involving environmental,^[5] Bureau of Indian Affairs, and economic issues, most notably in political and contractual actions to restrict the withdrawal of groundwater by outside entities, particularly by coal extractors for use in coal slurry transport. History Although the bureau which was called the Office of Indian Affairs was formed in 1824 similar agencies had existed in the U

Culture

Hopi girl at Walpi. 1900, with "squash blossom" hairdo indicative of her eligibility for courtship

Hopi pottery, Arizona Canteen, Ceramic with pigments, 19th century, col: Stanford Museum

Music sample:

Eagle Song of the Hopi Indians

Phonograph cylinder recording of song by Hopi Indians, 1906. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Iris & B Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University, formerly the Stanford University Museum of Art is an Art museum on the campus of Stanford The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

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Nampeyo Ceramic jar, circa 1880

The name Hopi is a shortened form of what these Native American people call themselves, Hopituh Shi-nu-mu, "The Peaceful People" or "Peaceful Little Ones" ^[6]. Iris Nampeyo (1860?&ndash1942 was a Hopi potter who lived on the Hopi Reservation in present-day Arizona. Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" The Catholic Encyclopedia lists the name Hopi as having been derived from "Hopita", meaning those who are "peaceful ones". Hopi is a concept deeply rooted in the culture's religion, spirituality, and its view of morality and ethics. The Hopi religion is anti-war, to be Hopi is to strive toward this concept, which involves a state of total reverence and respect for all things, to be at peace with these things, and to live in accordance with the instructions of Maasaw, the Creator or Caretaker of Earth. The term anti-war usually refers to the opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The Hopi observe their traditional ceremonies for the benefit of the entire world.

Traditionally, Hopi are organized into matrilineal clans. Matrilineality is a system in which lineage is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors When a man marries, the children from the relationship are members of his wife's clan. These clan organizations extend across all villages. Children are named, however, by the women of the father's clan. On the twentieth day of a baby's life, the women of the paternal clan gather, each woman bringing a name and a gift for the child. In some cases where many relatives would attend, a child could be given over forty names, for example. The child's parents generally decide the name to be used from these names. Current practice is to either use a non-Hopi or English name or the parent's chosen Hopi name. A person may also change their name upon initiation into one of the religious societies such as the Kachina society. Kachinas (also spelled Katsina, the plural "katsinam" exist in Hopi and in Pueblo cosmology and religious practices

The Hopi still practice a complete cycle of traditional ceremonies although not all villages retain or ever had the complete ceremonial cycle. These ceremonies take place according to the lunar calendar and are observed in each of the Hopi villages. A lunar calendar is a Calendar that is based on cycles of the Moon phase.

Nonetheless, like other Indian groups, the Hopi have not escaped impact by the dominant American culture. The development of the culture of the United States of America — music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry The Hopi have been affected by missionary work carried out by several Christian denominations and also by consumerism and alcoholism. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Consumerism is the equation of personal Happiness with the purchase of material possessions and consumption. Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions However, the effect of missionary work has had relatively little impact on traditional Hopi cultural and religious practices.

Traditionally the Hopi are highly skilled micro or subsistence farmers. Subsistence agriculture is self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family and to pay taxes or feudal dues The Hopi also interact in the cash economy; a significant number of Hopi have regular paying jobs; others earn a living from producing high quality art, traditional crafts—notably the carving and sale of Kachina dolls, highly crafted earthenware ceramic pottery, and other activities such as the design and production of jewelry, notably sterling silver silversmithing. Folk art describes a wide range of objects that reflect the Craft traditions and traditional social values of various social groups Kachinas (also spelled Katsina, the plural "katsinam" exist in Hopi and in Pueblo cosmology and religious practices Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware A silversmith is a person who works primarily making objects in solid Silver; historically the training and guild organization of Goldsmiths included silversmiths

Religion

Main articles: Hopi mythology, Kachina, and Kiva

Traditionally the Hopi are a religious people. The Hopi maintain a complex religious and mythological tradition stretching back over centuries Kachinas (also spelled Katsina, the plural "katsinam" exist in Hopi and in Pueblo cosmology and religious practices KIVA was a full-service Television station in Yuma Arizona, broadcasting locally on VHF channel 11 initially as an Independent station Individual clans practice ancient ritual prayer. In the Kivas the Hopi observe and practice through custom the preparation of ceremonial dance, costume and sacred chants. KIVA was a full-service Television station in Yuma Arizona, broadcasting locally on VHF channel 11 initially as an Independent station

Oral Tradition

Main articles: Hopi mythology, Kachina, and Kiva

The Hopi religion has no written text as does the Hindu, Buddhist, Judeo-Christian, and Muslim religions. The Hopi maintain a complex religious and mythological tradition stretching back over centuries Kachinas (also spelled Katsina, the plural "katsinam" exist in Hopi and in Pueblo cosmology and religious practices KIVA was a full-service Television station in Yuma Arizona, broadcasting locally on VHF channel 11 initially as an Independent station A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Judeo-Christian (or Judaeo-Christian, sometimes written as Judæo-Christian) is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Hopi pass down from generation to generation the precepts of their complicated belief systems through oral tradition. Oral tradition, oral culture and oral lore is a way for a society to transmit history, literature, law and other Knowledges The leaders of the various clans organize ceremonies throughout the year.

Images

Hopi Womens Dance, 1879, Oraibi, Arizona	Dancer's Rock, 1879, Walpi, Arizona	Traditional Hopi Village	Traditional Hopi Homes. Oraibi, also referred to as Old Oraibi, is a Hopi village in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, in the northeastern part Walpi is a Village in Navajo County, Arizona, north east of Flagstaff. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States.
Kopeli, Hopi Snake Priest.	Hopi Basket Weaver c. 1910	Hopi Basket Weaver.	Hopi girl.