The sixth-generation era (sometimes referred to as the 128-bit era; see "Number of bits" below) refers to the computer and video games, video game consoles, and video game handhelds available at the turn of the 21st century. Video games were introduced as a commercial entertainment medium in 1971, becoming the basis for an important entertainment industry in the late 1970s/early 1980s in the United The first generation of Video game consoles lasted from 1972 until 1977 In the history of computer and video games the second generation (sometimes referred to as the early 8 bit era) began in 1976 with the release of the Fairchild The North American video game crash of 1983 (sometimes known as the video game crash of 1984 because it was in that year that the full effects of the crash became apparent In the History of computer and video games, the third generation (the latter half of which is sometimes known as the 8 bit era) began in 1983 with the Japanese In the History of computer and video games, the fourth generation (more commonly referred to as the 16 bit era) began on October 30, 1987 The fifth-generation era (more commonly known as the 32 bit era and occasionally after the release of the Nintendo 64, the 64 bit era and more rarely In the History of video games, the seventh generation, which is also the current generation primarily focuses on the consoles released since by Nintendo, This article contains a timeline of notable events in the history of video arcade gaming 1971 - 1979;1971 The Galaxy Game, the earliest known coin-operated The Golden Age of Video Arcade Games was a peak era of video arcade game popularity innovation and earnings A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. A handheld game console is a lightweight portable electronic machine for playing Video games Unlike Video game consoles the controls screen and speakers Platforms of the sixth generation include Sega's Dreamcast, Sony's PlayStation 2, the Nintendo GameCube, and Microsoft's Xbox. is a multinational Video game Software and Hardware development company and a former Home computer The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. ( SCEI) is a Japanese Video game company specializing in a variety of areas in the video game industry mostly in Video game consoles and is a full The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. Microsoft Game Studios ( MGS) branded with current logo and moniker in 2002 (formerly the Microsoft Game Division or Microsoft Games) is a Wholly The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. This era began on November 27, 1998 with the release of the Dreamcast, and it was joined by the PlayStation 2 in March 2000. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events May 11 - 13 &mdash 6th annual E³ (Electronic Entertainment Expo the 3rd annual Game Critics Awards for the Best of The Dreamcast was discontinued in March 2001 and that same year saw the launch of the Nintendo GameCube in September and Xbox in November. Events Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts the 4th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts John Carmack of Id Software This era ended in late 2006 (though the Xbox was replaced in 2005) with the launch of the seventh generation video game consoles, Microsoft's Xbox 360, Nintendo's Wii, and Sony's PlayStation 3. Events January 26 2006 -- Nintendo announces its newly redesigned handheld the Nintendo DS Lite. In the History of video games, the seventh generation, which is also the current generation primarily focuses on the consoles released since by Nintendo, The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS.
Contents |
Home systems
Sony's PlayStation 2 achieved sales dominance in this generation, with 127 million sold by the end of 2007,[1] making the PlayStation 2 the best-selling console in history. This is a list of Video game consoles and Handheld game consoles that have sold or shipped at least one million units [2][3] Microsoft's Xbox came in second with over 24 million sold and the Nintendo GameCube was third with 21. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. 6 million sold. Sega's Dreamcast, which arrived prior to all of the others and was discontinued prematurely in 2001, came in fourth with 10. is a multinational Video game Software and Hardware development company and a former Home computer The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. 6 million sold, representing 6. 5% of the sixth generation sales.
The sixth generation began to end when the Xbox was succeeded by the Xbox 360 in late 2005. The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. GameCube hardware (Platinum color only) was still being produced when the Wii was released in late 2006, but has since been greatly reduced. PlayStation 2 sales have continued to be strong into November 2007,[4] due to the system's large software library, continuing software support, and affordable price. [5]
In February 2008, the PlayStation 2 outsold both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in the United States. [6][7] Games were still being produced for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Nintendo GameCube as of 2007, while Dreamcast games were officially discontinued in 2001. There are still a few games being produced for the Dreamcast in 2007, but they are mostly NAOMI arcade ports released only in Japan, with small print runs. The following is a list of Arcade system boards released by Sega.
Dreamcast
Sega's Dreamcast was the first console of the generation[8] and introduced several innovations including Internet gaming as a standard feature through its built-in modem, and a web browser. The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. It was also the first home console to always display full SD resolution.
Initially, the Dreamcast was successful, due to its lineup of critically and commercially successful titles, setting video game sales records at its launch. The console helped to restore Sega's reputation which had been damaged by the earlier failures of Sega Saturn, Sega 32X, and Sega Mega-CD. The is a 32-bit Video game console that was first released on November 22 1994 in Japan, May 11 1995 in North America The Sega 32X ( Japanese: セガ スーパー32X codenamed Project Mars is an add-on for the Sega Mega Drive Video game console by Sega The is an add-on device for the Sega Mega Drive that was released in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan. Nonetheless, the Dreamcast was unsuccessful overall due to numerous factors. The impending and much-hyped PlayStation 2 slowed Dreamcast sales momentum a year before the PS2 was even released, preventing Sega from grabbing a dominant position in that generation. In addition, the poor performance of the Saturn (due in part to Sega's decision to quickly end the Saturn in favour of the Dreamcast - much as it had done with the earlier 32X in favor of the Saturn) had left developers and customers skeptical, with some holding out to see whether the Dreamcast or PS2 would come out on top.
Sega's decision to implement a GD-ROM (though publicly advertised as a CD-ROM) for storage medium did save costs but it did not compare well against the PS2's much touted DVD capabilities. GD-ROM (an abbreviation of " giga disk Read-only memory " is the proprietary Optical disc format used by the Sega Dreamcast. CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable With the announcements of the Xbox and GameCube in late 2000, Sega's console was considered by some to be outdated only two years after its release. The previous losses from the Saturn, 32X, and Mega-CD, stagnation of sales due to the PS2, and impending competition from Microsoft and Nintendo convinced Sega to pull out of console manufacturing entirely, devoting its resources to game development instead.
PlayStation 2
The brand Sony had established with the original PlayStation was a major factor in the PlayStation 2's dominance, both in terms of securing a consumer base and attracting third party developers; the gradual increase in one tending to reinforce the other. The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console The PlayStation 2 was also able to play DVDs and was backwards-compatible with PlayStation games, which many say helped the former's sales. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is In Technology, especially Computing (irrespective of platform a product is said to be backward compatible when it is able to take the place of an older product Sony Computer Entertainment secured licensing for key games such as Final Fantasy X, Grand Theft Auto III, Metal Gear Solid 2, and the Kingdom Hearts series enabling the PS2 to outperform its competitions' launches. is a Console role-playing game developed and published by Square (now Square Enix) and the tenth installment in the Final Fantasy series Grand Theft Auto III (abbreviated as GTA III) is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game (commonly abbreviated as MGS2) is a stealth action Video game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed by Konami Computer Entertainment is an Action role-playing game developed and published by Squaresoft (now Square Enix) in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 Video game console
Xbox
Although the Xbox had the formidable financial backing of Microsoft, it was unable to significantly threaten the dominance of the PlayStation 2 as market leader; however, the Xbox attracted a large fanbase and strong third-party support in the United States and Europe and became a recognizable brand amongst the mainstream. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer The Xbox Live online service with its centralized model proved particularly successful, prompting Sony to boost the online capabilities of the PlayStation 2. Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation Xbox Live also gave the Xbox an edge over the GameCube, which had a near total lack of online games. The flagship of Xbox Live was the game Halo 2, which was the best selling Xbox game with 9. Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation Halo 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie Studios. 2 million copies sold worldwide. The ability to rip music from CDs to its hard drive, an ability solely available for the Xbox, also assisted its sales significantly. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation.
In Japan, Xbox sales were very poor, partly due to Microsoft's inability to attract major Japanese developers and game franchises. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The console's physical size, which did not fit local aesthetic standards, and brand loyalty to Japanese companies like Sony and Nintendo were considerable factors as well. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on
Nintendo GameCube
Nintendo struggled with conflicting brand images, particularly the family-friendly one developed during the 1990s. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. Its arsenal of franchises and history in the industry, though earning it a loyal fan base, failed to give it an advantage against the Xbox and PlayStation 2 which captured the majority of the audience that preferred 'Mature' titles. The Entertainment Software Rating Board ( ESRB) is a self-regulatory organization that applies and enforces ratings, Advertising guidelines and Nintendo also made little headway into online gaming (in fact only releasing a small handful of online-capable games, the most popular of which was Phantasy Star Online, which was in fact a port of the Dreamcast game), instead emphasizing Game Boy Advance connectivity. Phantasy Star Online ( PSO) is an online RPG title originally released for Dreamcast in 2000 The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. As a result, the Nintendo GameCube failed to match the sales of its predecessor Nintendo 64. The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market
Nintendo did however rejuvenate its relationship with many developers, often working in close collaboration with them to produce games based upon its franchises, in contrast to the past where it was frequently seen as bullying developers. As a result, the Nintendo GameCube had more first and second party releases than its competitors, whose most successful titles were mainly third party developers.
At the close of the sixth generation, the Nintendo GameCube sat comfortably in second place in Japan, and in a close third place in Australia, Europe, and the United States.
Number of bits and system power
Bit ratings for consoles largely fell by the wayside after the 32-bit era. The fifth-generation era (more commonly known as the 32 bit era and occasionally after the release of the Nintendo 64, the 64 bit era and more rarely The number of "bits" cited in console names referred to the CPU word size, but there was little to be gained from increasing the word size much beyond 32 bits; performance depended on other factors, such as processor speed, graphics processor speed, bandwidth, and memory size. In Computing, " word " is a term for the natural unit of data used by a particular computer design In Electrical engineering, Computer science and Information theory, channel capacity is the tightest upper bound on the amount of Information Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to Computer components devices and recording media that retain digital For example, most modern PCs remain 32-bit (though 64-bit computers are becoming more common).
The importance of the number of bits in the modern console gaming market has thus decreased due to the use of components that process data in varying word sizes. A bit is a binary digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1 Binary digits are a basic unit of Information storage and communication Previously, console manufacturers advertised the “n-bit talk” to over-emphasize the hardware capabilities of their system. The Sega Dreamcast and the PlayStation 2 were the last systems to use the term “128-bit” in their marketing to describe their capability. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of
It is not easy to compare the relative "power" of the different systems. Having a larger CPU word size does not necessarily make one console more powerful than another. Likewise the operating frequency (clock rate) of a system's CPU is not an accurate measure either.
The Microsoft Xbox uses a 32-bit (general purpose) CISC x86 architecture CPU, with an instruction set equal to that of the Coppermine core Mobile Celeron, though it has less cache memory (128 kB) than the PC equivalent. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. A complex instruction set computer ( CISC, pronounced like " sisk " is a Microprocessor Instruction set architecture (ISA in which The Celeron brand is a range of X86 CPUs from Intel targeted at budget/value Personal computers with the motto "delivering great quality It has 64 MB RAM (shared) and runs at 733 MHz, the fastest of the sixth generation. Most notably, its NV2A GPU, which is based on the GeForce 3 for desktop computers, makes it the only console in its time with vertex and pixel shaders. The GeForce3 ( Codenamed NV20) was Nvidia 's third-generation GeForce chip A shader in the field of Computer graphics is a set of software instructions which is used by the graphic resources primarily to perform rendering effects [9] The power of the Xbox was not exploited by many game developers early in its lifecycle. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. Some games like Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell were originally meant to be exclusive to the Xbox and to utilize the power of the Xbox to the fullest, but when they were ported to the Playstation 2 and Gamecube a lot of graphical sacrifices had to be made and levels had to be redesigned to be on par with the relatively weaker hardware of the consoles. Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell is a series of Video games endorsed by American author Tom Clancy. These sacrifices include lower polygon counts, reduced number of enemies per level, truncated level design, weaker AI and shorter draw distance; however many of this generation's late PC games, for example Far Cry Instincts, Doom 3, and Half Life 2, which were meant to be released for all consoles managed to make it only to the Xbox due to its superior hardware power. Far Cry Instincts is a video game developed and published by Ubisoft for the Xbox console that was released on September 27, 2005. Doom 3 is a Science fiction Survival horror Video game developed by Id Software and published by Activision. Half-Life 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter computer game and the sequel to the highly acclaimed Half-Life
The Nintendo GameCube is the most compact sixth generation console. is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. Its IBM Gekko PowerPC CPU runs at 485 MHz, while its "Flipper" graphics processor is comparable to the ATI Radeon 7200, and it has 32 MB of system memory. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Gekko is a 32-bit PowerPC Microprocessor custom made by IBM in 2000 for Nintendo to use as the CPU in their sixth PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM The Radeon R100 is the first generation of Radeon graphics chips from ATI Technologies. The GameCube supports Dolby Pro Logic II. Dolby Pro Logic is a Surround sound processing technology designed to decode soundtracks encoded with Dolby Surround. [10]
The PlayStation 2's CPU (known as the “128-bit Emotion Engine”) has a 64-bit double-precision core based on MIPS architecture. The Emotion Engine is a CPU developed and manufactured by Sony and Toshiba for use in the Sony PlayStation 2 Video game console In Computing, double precision is a Computer numbering format that occupies two adjacent storage locations in computer memory MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a RISC microprocessor architecture developed by MIPS Technologies It includes three separate execution units inside the one processor and each one is capable of executing two instructions per cycle. The PS2's Graphics Synthesizer has fast dedicated video memory, though it is limited in the amount of data it can hold. Consequently, many of the PS2's games have reduced textures compared with versions for other consoles. It also does not have a transform and lighting unit like the ones found in the Xbox and GameCube GPUs. Transform clipping and lighting ( T&L or sometimes TCL) is a term used in Computer graphics.
The Sega Dreamcast has a 64-bit double-precision superscalar SuperH-4 RISC MPU core with a 32-bit integer unit using 16-bit fixed-length instructions, a 64-bit data bus allowing a variable width of either 8, 16, 32 or 64-bits, and a 128-bit floating point unit. is a multinational Video game Software and Hardware development company and a former Home computer The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. In Computing, double precision is a Computer numbering format that occupies two adjacent storage locations in computer memory A superscalar CPU architecture implements a form of parallelism called Instruction-level parallelism within a single processor The SuperH (or SH) is brandname of a certain Microcontroller and Microprocessor architecture The range of Integer values that can be stored in 32 bits is 0 through 4294967295 or −2147483648 through 2147483647 using Two's complement encoding In computer science the term integer is used to refer to a Data type which represents some finite subset of the mathematical Integers These are also known as A floating point unit (FPU is a part of a Computer system specially designed to carry out operations on Floating point numbers [11][12] The PowerVR 2DC CLX2 chipset uses a unique method of rendering a 3D scene called Tile Based Deferred Rendering (TBDR): While storing polygons in triangle strip format in memory, the display is split into tiles associated with a list of visibly overlapping triangles onto which, using a process similar to ray tracing, rays are cast and a pixel is rendered from the triangle closest to the camera. PowerVR is a division of Imagination Technologies (formerly VideoLogic that develops hardware and software IP for 2D and 3D rendering and for video encoding decoding Tiled rendering is the process of subdividing (" Tiling " a Scene by a regular Grid in Image space to facilitate the A triangle strip is a series of connected Triangles, sharing vertices, allowing for faster Rendering and more efficient memory usage for Computer In Computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for generating an image by tracing the path of Light through pixels in an Image plane After calculating the depths associated with each polygon for one tile row in 1 cycle, the whole tile is flushed to video memory before passing on to render the next tile. Once all information has been collated for the current frame, the tiles are rendered in turn to produce the final image. A film frame, or just frame, is one of the many single photographic images in a motion picture. [13]
Comparison
| Name | Sega Dreamcast | Sony PlayStation 2 | Nintendo GameCube | Microsoft Xbox |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Console |  |  |  |  |
| Price (USD) | US$199. The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. 99 (at launch) US$49. 99 (final) | US$299. 99 (at launch) US$129. 99 (current) | US$199. 99 (at launch) US$99. 99 (final) | US$299. 99 (at launch) US$149. 99 (final) |
| Best-selling game | Sonic Adventure, 2. This is a list of Video games that have sold or shipped at least one million copies including the top ten best-selling franchises. is a Video game created by Sonic Team and released on December 23 1998 in Japan by Sega for the Sega Dreamcast and is the first game in the 5 million (as of June 2006)[14] | Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec, 14. Gran Turismo 3 A-Spec is a Racing game, the first in the ''Gran Turismo'' series to be released for the PlayStation 2. 89 million shipped (as of April 30, 2008)[15] | Super Smash Bros. Melee, 7. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common often abbreviated SSBM or Melee, is a crossover Fighting game released for the Nintendo GameCube shortly after its launch in ( in the 09 million (as of March 10, 2008)[16] | Halo 2, 8 million (as of May 9, 2006)[17][18] |
| Release date | JP November 27, 1998 NA September 9, 1999 EU October 14, 1999 | JP March 4, 2000 NA October 26, 2000 EU November 24, 2000 AUS November 30, 2000 | JP September 14, 2001 NA November 18, 2001 EU May 3, 2002 AUS May 17, 2002 | NA November 15, 2001 JP February 22, 2002 EU March 14, 2002 |
| Accessories (retail) |
|
|
| |
| CPU | 200 MHz SuperH SH-4 | 294 MHz MIPS "Emotion Engine" | 485 MHz PowerPC "Gekko" | 733 MHz x86 Intel Celeron/PIII Custom Hybrid |
| GPU | 100 MHz NEC/VideoLogic PowerVR CLX2 | 147 MHz "Graphics Synthesizer" | 162 MHz ATI "Flipper" | 233 MHz Custom Nvidia NV2A |
| RAM | Main RAM 16 MB SDRAM Video RAM 8 MB Sound RAM 2 MB | Main RAM 32 MB RDRAM Video RAM 4 MB | Main RAM 24 MB 1T-SRAM Video RAM 3 MB embedded 1T-SRAM 16 MB DRAM | 64 MB unified DDR SDRAM |
| Online service | Dreamarena, GameSpy, SegaNet | Non-unified service | Sega, Lan play, Emulation-online adapter required | Xbox Live |
| Backward compatibility | N/A | PlayStation | GB, GBC, and GBA (using Game Boy Player) | N/A |
| System software | SegaOS, WindowsCE, KallistiOS | proprietary OS, Linux DVD Playback Kit | proprietary OS, startup disc for Game Boy Player | Xbox Music Mixer DVD Playback Kit |
| Consumer programmability | Homebrew possible | Yabasic software | Homebrew possible via hack | Softmods and hardware modchips |
Worldwide sales standings
- See also: List of best-selling game consoles
| Console | Units sold |
|---|---|
| PlayStation 2 | 127 million (as of December 31, 2007)[1] |
| Xbox | 24 million (as of May 10, 2006)[19] |
| GameCube | 21. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. The SuperH (or SH) is brandname of a certain Microcontroller and Microprocessor architecture MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a RISC microprocessor architecture developed by MIPS Technologies The Emotion Engine is a CPU developed and manufactured by Sony and Toshiba for use in the Sony PlayStation 2 Video game console PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM Gekko is a 32-bit PowerPC Microprocessor custom made by IBM in 2000 for Nintendo to use as the CPU in their sixth See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal PowerVR is a division of Imagination Technologies (formerly VideoLogic that develops hardware and software IP for 2D and 3D rendering and for video encoding decoding SDRAM refers to synchronous Dynamic random access memory, a term that is used to describe dynamic random access memory that has a synchronous interface Direct Rambus DRAM or DRDRAM (sometimes just called Rambus DRAM or RDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic RAM, designed by the Rambus 1T-SRAM is a memory technology introduced by MoSys Inc, which offers a high-density alternative to traditional SRAM in embedded memory applications The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation In Technology, especially Computing (irrespective of platform a product is said to be backward compatible when it is able to take the place of an older product The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console The is a handheld video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. The is Nintendo 's successor to the Game Boy and was released on October 21, 1998 in Japan and in November 19, 1998 The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. The Game Boy Player is a device made by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube which enables Game Boy (although Super Game Boy enhancements are ignored Windows CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded Compact post version 6 KallistiOS ( KOS) is a free BSD licensed development library for the Sega Dreamcast game console Linux for PlayStation 2 is a kit released by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2002 that allows the PlayStation 2 console to be used as a Personal computer The Xbox Music Mixer is a multimedia accessory/utility developed by Wild Tangent and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox. Yabasic (Yet Another BASIC is a free and Open source BASIC interpreter for Windows and Unix platforms A softmod is the act of using software to modify the intended behaviour of hardware such as video cards sound cards or game consoles in a way that can unlock or enable disabled A modchip (short for modification chip) is a small electronic device used to modify or disable built-in restrictions and limitations of many popular Videogame consoles This is a list of Video game consoles and Handheld game consoles that have sold or shipped at least one million units Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. 74 million (as of March 31, 2008 )[20] |
| Dreamcast | 10. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. 6 million (as of September 6, 2005)[21][22] |
Handheld systems
- See also: Comparison of handheld game consoles
During the sixth generation era, the handheld game console market exploded, with the introduction of new devices from many different manufacturers. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a comparison of the features of various Handheld game consoles General information Specifications Specifications (continued A handheld game console is a lightweight portable electronic machine for playing Video games Unlike Video game consoles the controls screen and speakers Nintendo maintained its dominant share of the handheld market with the release in 2001 of the Game Boy Advance, which featured many upgrades and new features over the Game Boy. The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. The is a handheld video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. Two redesigns of this system followed. The first, the Game Boy Advance SP in 2003 and the second, the Game Boy Micro in 2005. The, released in February 2003 is an upgraded version of Nintendo 's Game Boy Advance. is a Handheld game console Also introduced was the Neo Geo Pocket Color in 1998 and Bandai's WonderSwan Color launched in Japan in 1999. The Neo-Geo Pocket Color (or NGPC) was released on March 16, 1999 in Japan and was released in the United States on August 6, is a Japanese Toy making company as well as the producer of a large number of Plastic model kits For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South Korean company Game Park introduced its GP32 handheld in 2001, and with it came the dawn of open-source handheld consoles. Game Park is a South Korean company that was founded in 1996 and went bankrupt in March 2007 The GP32 (GamePark 32 is a Hand held console built by the Korean company Game Park. Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge The Game Boy Advance line of handhelds has sold 80. 48 million units worldwide as of September 30, 2007. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [23]
A major new addition to the market was the trend for corporations to include a large number of "non-gaming" features into their handheld consoles. Everything from cell phones, MP3 players, portable movie players, to PDA-like features began to appear on a regular basis during this generation. A digital audio player, more commonly referred to as an MP3 player, is a Consumer electronics device that stores organizes and plays audio files Some The first of these was Nokia's N-Gage, which was released in 2003 and doubled primarily as a mobile phone. Nokia Corporation (pronunciation /'nɔkiɑ/),,) is a Finnish multinational Communications Corporation, headquartered The N-Gage is a Mobile telephone and Handheld game system based on the Nokia Series 60 platform It subsequently went through a redesign in 2004 and was renamed the N-Gage QD. The N-Gage is a Mobile telephone and Handheld game system based on the Nokia Series 60 platform A second handheld, the Zodiac from Tapwave was released in 2004 and was based on the Palm OS offering specialized gaming-oriented video and sound capabilities, but it had an unwieldy development kit due to the underlying PalmOS foundation. Tapwave, founded in Mountain View California in May 2001 introduced the Zodiac mobile entertainment Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is an embedded Operating system initially developed by U
With more and more PDAs arriving during the previous generation, the difference between consumer electronics and traditional computing began to blur and cheap console technology grew as a result. It was said of PDAs that they are "the computers of handheld gaming" because of their multi-purpose capabilities and the increasingly powerful computer hardware that resided within them. This capability existed to move gaming beyond the last generation's 16-bit limitations; however, PDAs were still geared towards the typical businessman, and lacked new, affordable software franchises to compete with dedicated handheld gaming consoles.
Gallery
 Neo Geo Pocket Color |  Bandai Swan Crystal |  Game Boy Advance |  GP32 |
 Tapwave Zodiac |  Nokia N-Gage |  Game Boy Advance SP |  Nokia N-Gage QD |
 Game Boy Micro |
Trends
Market convergence
Major publishers such as Activision, Electronic Arts, and Ubisoft adopted a cross-platform strategy, releasing versions of their games for PC, all major consoles, and in some cases, handhelds as well. The Neo-Geo Pocket Color (or NGPC) was released on March 16, 1999 in Japan and was released in the United States on August 6, The is the third and final version of Bandai 's WonderSwan Handheld game console brand succeeding the WonderSwan and WonderSwan Color. The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. The GP32 (GamePark 32 is a Hand held console built by the Korean company Game Park. Tapwave, founded in Mountain View California in May 2001 introduced the Zodiac mobile entertainment The N-Gage is a Mobile telephone and Handheld game system based on the Nokia Series 60 platform The, released in February 2003 is an upgraded version of Nintendo 's Game Boy Advance. The N-Gage is a Mobile telephone and Handheld game system based on the Nokia Series 60 platform is a Handheld game console Activision Inc is an American Video game developer and publisher. Ubisoft Entertainment (formerly Ubi Soft) ( is a French computer and Video game publisher and developer with headquarters in IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. The sixth generation was the first to help console and computer software grow closer together as well as outperform the arcade market in features, graphics and business. The Xbox, which was made from off the shelf PC parts and hosted many PC ports, factored into this also.
Controversial games
This generation was noted to have extensive criticism by public figures of "objectionable" content in gaming such as sex, crime, violence, profanity, drug use, and social propaganda as well as topics of debate such as religion, politics, feminism, and economics; however, this generation was not the first to have its share of controversial games and many other examples of controversy extend much farther back into gaming history with Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Mortal Kombat, and Night Trap. Similar to other forms of media Video games have been the subject of debate and Censorship. Doom (officially cased DOOM) is a 1993 Computer game by Id Software that is a landmark title in the First-person shooter This article concerns the first entry of the fighting game series Night Trap is a Video game that was released on October 15, 1992. The earliest occurrences of such public outcry date as far back as the 1970s, with perceived violent or explicit games such as Death Race and Custer's Revenge. Custer's Revenge (also known as Westward Ho and The White Man Came) is a pornographic video game made for the Atari 2600
The sixth generation was also notable because it saw the continuation of lawmakers taking actions against the video game industry. The most famous were the Grand Theft Auto games with Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City facing lawsuits over alleged racial slurs and influencing minors to commit crimes, while Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was briefly given an adult rating and banned from stores over the availability of an abandoned sex mini-game using the Hot Coffee mod. Grand Theft Auto III (abbreviated as GTA III) is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game Grand Theft Auto Vice City is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game designed by Rockstar North (formerly Grand Theft Auto San Andreas is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game developed by Rockstar North
The sixth generation also coincided with September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City and The Pentagon, which had a huge impact on the entertainment industry as well as the video game industry; in the subsequent market climate many games were edited in response to the sensitivity surrounding the event. The City of New York The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. The entertainment industry (much of which is informally known as show business or show biz) consists of a large number of sub-industries devoted to Entertainment The video game industry (formally referred to as Interactive entertainment) is the economic sector involved with the development, Marketing Most notable was Metal Gear Solid 2, which prior to its release depicted the destruction of the Statue of Liberty and a good portion of Manhattan. (commonly abbreviated as MGS2) is a stealth action Video game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Similarly, several undisclosed modifications were made in Grand Theft Auto III, most notably the change of the police cars' color scheme (the old scheme resembled that of NYPD's older blue and white design). The Dreamcast game Propeller Arena was never officially released, the main reason probably being that a certain level was visually very similar to the September 11, 2001 attacks. The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. Propeller Arena Aviation Battle Championship is a Videogame for the Dreamcast console Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
Emulation and retro gaming
Due to the increased computing power of video game consoles and the widspread usage of emulators, the sixth generation saw the rise of console emulation and retro gaming on a vast scale. A console emulator is a program that allows a computer or modern console (cross-console emulation to emulate a Video game console. An emulator duplicates (provides an emulation of the functions of one System using a different system so that the second system behaves like (and appears to Many games for older systems were updated with superior graphics or sound and re-released for current consoles. Commonly emulated games included those released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Mega Drive/Genesis, the PlayStation (the PS2 could play PS1 game CD's), and the Nintendo 64. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by The Super Nintendo Entertainment System or Super NES (also called SNES and Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit Video game console that was The is a 16-bit Video game console released by Sega in Japan in 1988 North America in 1989 and the PAL region in 1990 The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market
Also during this generation, the computing power of hand-held consoles became capable of supporting games made for some of the earliest gaming consoles and several companies released remakes of classic games for the hand-helds. Nintendo introduced a line of NES and SNES games for its Game Boy Advance handheld, including Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls and Nintendo's Metroid: Zero Mission. SquareSoft 's Console role-playing games Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II have been rereleased is an action-adventure Video game produced by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance handheld console. Also, an increasing number of third-party developers, including Midway Games, Capcom, Namco, Atari, and Sega, released anthology collections of some of their old games. A third-party developer is a developer not directly tied to the primary product that a consumer is using Midway Games ( (formerly Midway Manufacturing) is an American Video game publisher. For the original NASA meaning see capsule communicator. is a leading Japanese International developer is an amusement company based in Japan, best known overseas for Video games development Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. is a multinational Video game Software and Hardware development company and a former Home computer ANThology is the first Major label album by Alien Ant Farm released on March 6, 2001 in the USA and March 19 Additionally, many video games and video game series that were originally confined to Japan were released in North America and Europe for the first time.
Rise of online gaming
Online gaming, which in previous generations had been the exclusive domain of PC games, became more prominent in video game consoles during this generation. Online games are games played over some form of computer network. The Dreamcast initiated this change with its built in modem, internet browsing software, and ability to play certain games online. The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. Modem (from mo dulator- dem odulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode Digital information The PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube also offered online gaming, though their approaches and commitment to it varied greatly. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. The Xbox offered an integrated service called Xbox Live that cost $50 per year and was only compatible with a broadband internet connection. Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts Its ability to connect gamers for online multi-player matches was a considerable factor in allowing the Xbox to gain a foothold in the western market, especially in the first-person shooter genre. The PlayStation 2 left its online gaming service up to each individual game publisher, and though it was free to use, it was not always an ideal experience, especially with games pulished by small developers. The SOCOM series was one of the most popular online competitive games for the PS2. SOCOM US Navy SEALS is a Video game classified as a tactical third-person shooter developed by Zipper Interactive and published by Sony Computer The GameCube did not offer online play for any of its first-party titles, with only Sega's Phantasy Star Online series making use of the console's online capabilities. Phantasy Star Online ( PSO) is an online RPG title originally released for Dreamcast in 2000 In addition, online capability was not out-of-the-box; an adapter was needed to hook the console to the internet.
Mergers
Many game publishing companies with a long established history merged with their competitors. Squaresoft merged with Enix and then later bought Taito, Sega merged with Sammy, Konami bought a majority share of Hudson, Namco merged with Bandai to form Namco Bandai Holdings, and Microsoft bought Rareware
Remakes
 Atari Flashback (Atari) |
Software
Milestone titles
- Grand Theft Auto III and its sequels for PlayStation 2 (later Xbox and PC) popularized "sandbox" style gameplay in an urban crime setting, which has since been widely imitated. was a Japanese Video game company founded in September 1983 by Masafumi Miyamoto. The was a company that produced Japanese Video games and Manga. The is a Japanese developer of Video game software and arcade hardware wholly-owned by RPG publisher Square Enix. is a multinational Video game Software and Hardware development company and a former Home computer () is a leading developer and publisher of numerous popular and strong-selling toys Trading cards, Anime, Tokusatsu, Slot machines is an amusement company based in Japan, best known overseas for Video games development is a Japanese Toy making company as well as the producer of a large number of Plastic model kits This article is about the holding company and the group of companies it owns Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Rare Ltd (formerly known as Rareware) is a United Kingdom -based video game development company. The Atari Flashback and Atari Flashback 2 are dedicated Video game consoles marketed by Atari Inc Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. This is a list of console video game franchises organized by the generations in which they first appeared Grand Theft Auto III (abbreviated as GTA III) is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. In addition, it brought violence and other potentially objectionable content in video games back into the mainstream spotlight, thus reviving the video game controversy. Similar to other forms of media Video games have been the subject of debate and Censorship. The series has remained the highest selling franchise in the US for the past ten years. It signaled the prominence of M rated games in today's market. It had also signaled a new rise in the expansion of freedom in game play.
- Resident Evil 4 revamped the franchise in a new, more action-oriented direction. Resident Evil 4, known in Japan as, is a Third-person shooter Video game and the sixth installment in the Resident Evil The decision to port the former GameCube exclusive to the PS2 was met with some controversy. It remains one of the highest rated games of the generation. The over-the-shoulder camera view influenced some 7th generation games such as Gears of War. In the History of video games, the seventh generation, which is also the current generation primarily focuses on the consoles released since by Nintendo, Gears of War is a tactical Third-person shooter Video game developed by Epic Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios.
- Shenmue for the Sega Dreamcast went down in the Guinness Book of World Records as the most expensive video game ever produced to date (US$70,000,000). is an Adventure game developed by Sega-AM2 and published by Sega for the Sega Dreamcast, produced and directed by Yu Suzuki. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [24] Produced by Sega's AM2 division, this game helped set the graphics standards of its time.
- Halo was by far the most successful launch title for the Xbox. Halo is a Science fiction Video game franchise created by Bungie and owned and published by Microsoft Game Studios. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. Its sequel, Halo 2, set records as the fastest grossing release in entertainment history [25] and still is a very successful killer app for the Xbox Live online gaming service. Halo 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie Studios. A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) in the jargon of computer programmers and video gamers has been used to refer to any Computer program Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation Halo 2's sales record was broken by the last game of the trilogy, Halo 3. Halo 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie Studios. Halo 3 is a First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie exclusively for the Xbox 360.
- Metroid Prime remains one of the Nintendo GameCube's highest rated titles, as well as an outstanding example of how cooperation between Nintendo and a second-party studio revived a franchise that not only was missing for a long period of time, but had even lost its creator- Gunpei Yokoi. Metroid Prime is a Video game developed by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube, released in North America The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. Gunpei Yokoi, also spelled ( September 10 1941 – October 4 1997) was a long-time Nintendo employee creator of the Game
- Soul Calibur for the Sega Dreamcast is widely considered one of the greatest fighting games of all time, and is the first game of its genre, on any platform, to have ever received a perfect 10. is the second game in the ''Soul'' series of Fighting games developed and produced by Namco. The is Sega 's most recent Video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. 0 rating from IGN[26] and GameSpot[27] and also a perfect 40/40 (second of only seven games)[28] by Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu. IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video GameSpot is a video gaming Website that provides News, Reviews Previews Downloads and other information (formerly Famicom Tsushin) is a Japanese Video game magazine published by Enterbrain Inc
- The Kingdom Hearts series was a landmark collaboration between Square-Enix and Disney that has shipped over 8. is a series of Action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix (formerly Square) is a Japanese video game and publishing company best known for its Console role-playing game franchises which include the Final Fantasy series the Dragon 5 million units worldwide. [29]
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- The Xbox factor, a November 22, 2005 article from The Economist
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