Hiroshima
広島市

Hiroshima's location in Hiroshima, Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Location
Country	Japan
Region	Chūgoku, Sanyō
Prefecture	Hiroshima
Physical characteristics
Area	905. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Regions of Japan are not official administrative units but have been traditionally used as the regional division of Japan in a number of contexts The or is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. The San'yō Region (山陽 地方 San'yō-chihō) is an area in the south of Honshū, the main island of Japan. The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national Jurisdictions one "metropolis" (都 to) Tokyo; one " circuit WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 01 km² (349. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 43 sq mi)
Population (as of January 2007)
Total	1,159,391
Density	1,281. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1 /km² (3,318 /sq mi)
Location	34°23′N 132°27′E / 34.383, 132.45Coordinates: 34°23′N 132°27′E / 34.383, 132.45
Symbols
Tree	Camphor Laurel
Flower	Oleander
Symbol of Hiroshima
Hiroshima Government Office
Mayor	Tadatoshi Akiba
Address	〒730-8586 Hiroshima-shi, Naka-ku, Kokutaiji 1-6-34
Phone number	082-245-2111
Official website: Hiroshima City

The Japanese city of Hiroshima (広島市, Hiroshima-shi^?) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan's islands. In Geography, location is a position or point in Physical space that something occupies on Earths' surface A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Cinnamomum camphora (commonly known as Camphor tree, Camphorwood or camphor laurel) is a large Evergreen Tree that A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Oleander ( Nerium oleander) is an Evergreen Shrub or small Tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government is mayor of the city of Hiroshima, Japan. He studied mathematics at the University of Tokyo, receiving a B An address is a Code and abstract concept expressing the fixed location of a home business or other building on the earth's surface is the Service mark of the postal system in Japan. It is also used as a Japanese Postal code mark A telephone number or phone number is a sequence of numbers used to call from one Telephone line to another in a Telephone network. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū The or is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. or Honshu is the largest Island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. It is most known throughout the world as the first city in history subjected to nuclear warfare when it was bombed by the United States of America during World War II. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at The United States of America —commonly referred to as the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[1]

Hiroshima gained municipality status on April 1, 1889 and was designated on April 1, 1980 by government ordinance. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) A, also known as a or, is a Japanese city that has a population greater than 500000 and has been designated as such by an order of the Cabinet of Japan under Article The city's current mayor is Tadatoshi Akiba who assumed the office on February 23, 1999. is mayor of the city of Hiroshima, Japan. He studied mathematics at the University of Tokyo, receiving a B Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

History

Hiroshima was founded on the coast of the Seto Inland Sea in 1589 by Mori Terumoto, who made it his capital after leaving Koriyama Castle in Aki Province. An inland sea is a shallow Sea that covers central areas of continents during high stands of Sea level that result in marine transgressions In modern days Mōri Terumoto (毛利 輝元 January 22, 1553 &ndash April 27, 1625) was the son of Mōri Takamoto, fought against Toyotomi or Geishū (芸州 was a province in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, comprising the western part of what is today Hiroshima Prefecture ^[2] Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and Terumoto moved in in 1593. sometimes called (coordinates) is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan which was the home of the daimyō (feudal lord of the Terumoto was on the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara. Background and pretext Even though Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan and consolidated his power following the Siege of Odawara in 1590 his ill-fated The winner, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mori Terumoto of most of his fiefs including Hiroshima and gave Aki province to Masanori Fukushima, a daimyo who had supported him.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate or Geishū (芸州 was a province in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, comprising the western part of what is today Hiroshima Prefecture (1561-1624 was a Samurai of the late Sengoku Period to early Edo Period. ^[3] The castle passed to Asano Nagaakira in 1619, and Asano was appointed the daimyo of this area. (1586-1632 was a Japanese samurai of the early Edo period who served as daimyō of the Wakayama domain, and was later transferred to the Hiroshima Under Asano rule, the city prospered, developed, and expanded, with few military conflicts or disturbances. ^[3] Asano's descendants continued to rule until the Meiji Restoration in the 19th century. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure ^[4]

Hiroshima served as the capital of Hiroshima Domain during the Edo period. Hiroshima Domain (広島藩 -han) was a han, or feudal domain, of Edo period Japan. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 After the han was abolished in 1871, the city became the capital of Hiroshima prefecture. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū Hiroshima became a major urban center during the Meiji period, as the Japanese economy shifted from primarily rural to urban. The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July Ujina Harbor was constructed in the 1880s, allowing Hiroshima to become an important port city. The Sanyo Railroad was extended to Hiroshima in 1894, and a rail line from the main station to the harbor was constructed for military transportation during the First Sino-Japanese War. The was established in 1887 and served as a major railroad company during the Meiji period in Japan. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The First Sino-Japanese War ( 日清戦争 Romaji: Nisshin Sensō ( 1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a war fought between ^[3] New industrial plants, including cotton mills, were established in Hiroshima in the late 1800s. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton ^[5] Further industrialization in Hiroshima was stimulated during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, which required development and production of military supplies. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on The Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition Hall was constructed in 1915 as a center for trade and exhibition of new products. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Later, its name was changed to Hiroshima Prefectural Product Exhibition Hall, and again to Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall. ^[6]

Atomic bomb

Main article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Atomic Bomb Dome the Hiroshima Peace Memorial, a remnant of the city near ground zero of its nuclear bombardment. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome ( Japanese: 原爆ドーム Genbaku Dome) in Hiroshima The term Ground Zero may be used to describe the point on the earth's surface where an explosion occurs

Atomic Effects- Hiroshima City

During World War II, the Second Army and Chugoku Regional Army were headquartered in Hiroshima, and the Army Marine Headquarters was located at Ujina port. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city also had large depots of military supplies, and was a key center for shipping. ^[7]

Bombing of Tokyo in World War II Tokyo and other cities of Japan caused widespread destruction and well over 200,000 deaths, nearly all civilians. For example, Toyama, an urban area of 128,000, was 100% destroyed, and incendiary attacks on Tokyo are credited with claiming 90,000 lives. ^[8] There were numerous air raids in Hiroshima. Strategic bombing is a Military strategy used in a Total war with the goal of defeating an enemy nation-state by destroying its economic ability to wage war rather To protect against potential firebombings in Hiroshima, students were mobilized to demolish houses and create firebreaks. A firebreak (also called a fireroad, fire line or fuel break) is a gap in Vegetation or other combustible material that acts as a barrier to ^[9]

On Monday^[10], August 6, 1945, the nuclear weapon Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by the crew of the American B-29 bomber Enola Gay, directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Little Boy was the Codename of the Atomic bomb, developed via the "Manhattan Project" which was dropped on Hiroshima, on August 6 1945 by the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000-140,000. ^[11] Approximately 69% of the city's buildings were completely destroyed, and 6. 6% severely damaged.

Research about the effects of the attack was restricted under Allied occupation, and information censored until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, restoring control to the Japanese. The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. At the end of World War II, Japan was occupied by the Allied Powers, led by the United States with contributions also from Australia, British Attending countries Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile ^[12]

After the war

Folded paper cranes representing prayers for peace and Sadako Sasaki. Sadako Sasaki ( Japanese:佐々木 禎子 Sasaki Sadako, January 7, 1943 &ndash October 25, 1955) was a Japanese girl Sadako Sasaki ( Japanese:佐々木 禎子 Sasaki Sadako, January 7, 1943 &ndash October 25, 1955) was a Japanese girl

Current Atomic Bomb Dome (left) and modern buildings

Hiroshima at night

On September 17, 1945, Hiroshima was struck by the Makurazaki Typhoon (Typhoon Ida), one of the largest typhoons of the Shōwa period. Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome ( Japanese: 原爆ドーム Genbaku Dome) in Hiroshima Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The, or Shōwa era, is the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Shōwa ( Hirohito) from December 25, 1926 to Hiroshima prefecture suffered more than 3,000 killed or injured, about half the national total. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū ^[13] More than half the bridges in the city were destroyed, along with heavy damage to roads and railroads, further devastating the city. ^[14]

Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with the help from the national government through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. It provided financial assistance for reconstruction, along with land donated that was previously owned by the national government and used for military purposes. ^[15] Several U. S. civic leaders and scholars were consulted about the rebuilding plan.

In 1949, a design was selected for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. is a large park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack ( Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, the closest surviving building to the location of the bomb's detonation, was designated the Genbaku Dome (原爆ドーム) or "Atomic Dome", a part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome ( Japanese: 原爆ドーム Genbaku Dome) in Hiroshima is a large park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack ( The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum was opened in 1955 in the Peace Park. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is located in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, in central Hiroshima, Japan. ^[16]

Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament in 1949, at the initiative of its mayor, Shinzo Hamai (1905–1968). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Shinzo Hamai (浜井 信三 (1905-1968 was the first popularly elected Mayor of Hiroshima (served 1947-1955 and again 1959-1967 Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As a result, the city of Hiroshima received more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. As part of that effort, the Hiroshima Interpreters' and Guide's Association (HIGA) was established in 1992 in order to facilitate translation services for conferences, and the Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. located in the Japanese cities of Higashihiroshima and Hiroshima, was established 1949 by the merger of a number of city educational institutions The city government continues to advocate the abolition of all nuclear weapons. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. ^[17][18]

Geography

Hiroshima has eight wards (ku):

Emblem	Ward	Population	Area (km²)	Density (per km²)
	Aki-ku	78,176	94. List of wards Chiba Chūō-ku Chiba Hanamigawa-ku Chiba Inage-ku Chiba Aki-ku (安芸区 is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, Japan. 01	832
	Asakita-ku	156,368	353. Asakita-ku (安佐北区 is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, located in the North of Asa-gun and the South of Takata-gun: now-defunct districts 35	443
	Asaminami-ku	220,351	117. Asaminami-ku (安佐南区 is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, located in the South of Asa-gun: now-defunct district 19	1,880
	Higashi-ku	122,045	39. Higashi-Ku (東区 lit "eastern ward" is one of the eight wards located in Hiroshima, Japan. 38	3,099
	Minami-ku	138,138	26. Minami-ku (南区 is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, Japan. 09	5,295
	Naka-ku	125,208	15. Naka-ku (中区 lit "central ward" is the heart of Hiroshima, Japan. 34	8,162
	Nishi-ku	184,881	35. Nishi-ku (西区 is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, Japan. 67	5,183
	Saeki-ku	135,789	223. Saeki-ku (佐伯区 is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, Japan. 98	606
Population as of October 31, 2006

Demographics

Hondori shopping arcade in Hiroshima

As of 2006, the city has an estimated population of 1,154,391, while the total population for the metropolitan area was estimated as 2,043,788 in 2000. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. is a commercial area in Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan, which centers on the Hondōri street which today is a shopping arcade Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology ^[19] The total area of the city is 905. 08 km², with a density of 1275. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4 persons per km². Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of ^[20]

The population around 1910 was 143,000. ^[4] Before World War II, Hiroshima's population had grown to 360,000, and peaked at 419,182 in 1942. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[20] Following the atomic bombing in 1945, the population dropped to 137,197. ^[20] By 1955, the city's population had returned to pre-war levels. ^[21]

Economy

Hiroshima port and ferry terminal

Hiroshima is the center of industry for the Chūgoku-Shikoku region, and is by and large centered along the coastal areas. The or is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. is the smallest (225 km long and between 50 and 150 km wide and least populous (4141955 as of 2005 of the four main islands of Japan, located south of Honshū Hiroshima has long been a port city and Hiroshima port or Hiroshima International Airport can be used for the transportation of goods. is an Airport in the city of Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Its largest industry is the manufacturing industry with core industries being the production of cars (Mazda) car parts and industrial equipment. Mazda Motor Company, now controlled by the Ford Motor Company, is by far Hiroshima's dominant company. ( is a Japanese automotive manufacturer based in Hiroshima, Japan. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Mazda accounts for 32% of Hiroshima's GDP. ^[22] Mazda makes many models in Hiroshima for worldwide export, including the popular MX-5/Miata and Mazda RX-8. Generations and overview Now in its third generation the MX5's first generation the NA, sold over 400000 units from 1989 to 1997 &mdash with a Straight-4 The Mazda RX-8 is a Sports car manufactured by Mazda Motor Corporation. The Mazda CX-7 has been built there since early 2006. The CX-7 is a mid-size Crossover SUV model from Mazda, the production version of the MX-Crossport Concept car. Other Mazda factories are in Hofu and Flat Rock, Michigan. is a city located in Yamaguchi, Japan. As of 2008, the city has an estimated Population of 117535 and the density of 623 Flat Rock is a city in Wayne County of the US state of Michigan.

Mazda 787B at the Mazda Museum in Hiroshima

General machinery and equipment also account for a large portion of exports. ( is a Japanese automotive manufacturer based in Hiroshima, Japan. Because these industries require research and design capapilities, it has also had the offshoot that Hiroshima has many innovative companies actively engaged in new growth fields (for example, Hiroshima Vehicle Engineering Company [HIVEC]). ^[23] Many of these companies hold the top market shares in Japan and the world, or are alone in their particular field. Tertiary industries in the wholesale and retail areas are also very developed.

Another result of the concentration of industry is an accumulation of skilled personnel and fundamental technologies. This is considered by business to be a major reason for location in Hiroshima. Business setup costs are also much lower than other large cities in the country and there is a comprehensive system of tax breaks, etc on offer for businesses which locate in Hiroshima. This is especially true of two projects: the Hiroshima Station Urban Development District and the Seifu Shinto area which offer capital installments (up to 501 million yen over 5 years), tax breaks and employee subsidies. ^[24] Seifu Shinto which translates as West wind, New town is the largest construction project in the region and is an attempt to build "a city within a city. " It is attempting to design from the ground up a place to work, play, relax and live.

Hiroshima recently made it onto Lonely Planet's list of the top cities in the world. Commuting times rank amongst the shortest in Japan and the cost of living is lower than other large cities in Japan such as Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, or Fukuoka. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyūshū in Japan, across

Culture

Hiroshima Castle

Shukkei-en

A national treasure, Fudōin Kondō was built in 1540

Hiroshima has a professional symphony orchestra, which has performed at Wel City Hiroshima since 1963. sometimes called (coordinates) is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan which was the home of the daimyō (feudal lord of the is a historic Japanese garden in the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology of the government of Japan designates the most famous of the nation's cultural properties as National An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well ^[25] There are also many museums in Hiroshima, including the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, along with several art museums. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is located in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, in central Hiroshima, Japan. The Hiroshima Museum of Art, which has a large collection of French renaissance art, opened in 1978. The Hiroshima Museum of Art (ひろしま美術館 is an art museum founded in 1978. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum opened in 1968, and is located near Shukkei-en gardens. The Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum (広島県立美術館 is an art museum founded in 1968. is a historic Japanese garden in the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, which opened in 1989, is located near Hijiyama Park. The Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art (広島市現代美術館 is an art museum founded in 1989. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Festivals include Hiroshima Flower Festival and Hiroshima International Animation Festival. The Hiroshima Flower Festival is the Festival for the world Peace from Hiroshima, Japan with smiles of the people with flowers The International Animation Festival Hiroshima (広島国際アニメーションフェスティバル is a Biannual animation festival hosted in Hiroshima,

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which includes the Hiroshima Peace Memorial, draws many visitors from around the world, especially for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony, an annual commemoration held on the date of the atomic bombing. is a large park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack ( Hiroshima Peace Memorial, commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome or A-Bomb Dome ( Japanese: 原爆ドーム Genbaku Dome) in Hiroshima Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony is the ceremony for the world peace The park also contains a large collection of monuments, including the Children's Peace Monument, the Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims and many others. The is a monument for peace to commemorate Sadako Sasaki and the thousands of child victims of the Atomic bombing of Hiroshima, and is located in in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims is one of the National Memorial Halls in Hiroshima, Japan.

Hiroshima's rebuilt castle (nicknamed Rijō, meaning Koi Castle) houses a museum of life in the Edo period. sometimes called (coordinates) is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan which was the home of the daimyō (feudal lord of the (kɔɪ or more specifically (niɕikigoi literally " brocaded carp" are ornamental domesticated varieties of the Common carp Cyprinus carpio. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 Hiroshima Gokoku Shrine is within the walls of the castle. is a Japanese Shinto Shrine in Hiroshima, Japan. Overview The original shrine was founded in 1868, the first year of the Meiji period Other attractions in Hiroshima include Shukkei-en, Fudōin, Mitaki-dera, and Hijiyama Park. is a historic Japanese garden in the city of Hiroshima, Japan. is a historic Japanese temple in the city of Hiroshima, Japan.

Cuisine

A man prepares okonomiyaki in a restaurant in Hiroshima

Hiroshima is known for okonomiyaki, cooked on a hot-plate (usually right in front of the customer). is a Japanese dish consisting of a pan-fried batter cake and various ingredients is a Japanese dish consisting of a pan-fried batter cake and various ingredients It is cooked with various ingredients, which are layered rather than mixed together as done with the Osaka version of okonomiyaki. is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū The layers are typically egg, cabbage, moyashi, sliced pork/bacon with optional items (mayonnaise, fried squid, octopus, cheese, mochi, kimuchi, etc. or is Japanese for "sprout" It is most commonly used in referring to mung bean or black matpe bean, but can also be used for the larger soybean Mochi ( Japanese: ja [[wiktiary餅 餅]] Chinese: zh-TW [[wiktionary麻 麻]][[wiktionary糬 糬]] is a Japanese and Chinese Rice cake Kimchi, also spelled gimchi or kimchee, is a traditional Korean fermented dish made of vegetables with varied seasonings most commonly referring to ), and noodles (soba, udon) topped with another layer of egg and a generous dollop of okonomiyaki sauce (Carp and Otafuku are two popular brands). is a type of thin Japanese Noodle made from Buckwheat flour It is served either chilled with a dipping sauce or in hot broth as a Noodle soup. is a type of thick Wheat -based Noodle popular in Japanese cuisine. The amount of cabbage used is usually 3 - 4 times the amount used in the Osaka style, therefore arguably a healthier version. It starts out piled very high and is generally pushed down as the cabbage cooks. The order of the layers may vary slightly depending on the chef's style and preference, and ingredients will vary depending on the preference of the customer.

Media

The Chugoku Shimbun is the local newspaper serving Hiroshima. The is a Japanese local daily Newspaper based in Hiroshima. It serves the Chūgoku region of Japan with a market share in Hiroshima, Yamaguchi It publishes both morning paper and evening editions. Television stations include Hiroshima Home TV, Hiroshima TV, TV Shinhiroshima, and the RCC Broadcasting Company. Hiroshima Home Television CoLtd (HOME 株式会社 広島ホームテレビ, callsign JOGM-TV is a TV station in Hiroshima. Hiroshima Telecasting CoLtd (HTV 広島テレビ放送 株式会社 callsign JONX-TV is a TV station in Hiroshima. Shinhiroshima Telecasting Co Ltd (TSS 株式会社 テレビ新広島) is a TV station in Hiroshima. RCC Broadcasting Company (株式会社 中国放送; later name RCC) is a Japanese broadcaster which serves the Hiroshima region Radio stations include HIROSHIMA FM, Chugoku Communication Network, FM Fukuyama, ITSUKAICHI Community Broadcast, and Onomichi FM. HIROSHIMA FM is a FM and Teletext radio station in Hiroshima for around Seto Inland area Chugoku Communication Network (Hiroshima P-station is a Japanese local FM radio station in Naka-ku, Hiroshima. FM Fukuyama (RADIO BINGO is a Japanese local FM radio station in Fukuyama. ITSUKAICHI Community Broadcast (FM Nanami is a Japanese local FM radio station in Saeki-ku, Hiroshima. Onomichi FM (JOZZ8AF-FM 794 MHz is a Japanese local FM radio station in Onomichi. Hiroshima is also served by NHK, Japan's public broadcaster, with television and radio broadcasting. or Japan Broadcasting Corporation, is Japan 's Public broadcaster.

Sports

Hiroshima Municipal Stadium

Hiroshima is home to several professional and non-professional sports teams. Baseball fans immediately recognize the city as the home of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. Six-time champions of Japan's Central League, the team has gone on to win the Japan Series three times. The or is one of Japan 's two major professional Baseball leagues the winner of which plays the Japan Series against the winner of the other league the or is a seven-game championship played by the teams of Japan 's two professional baseball leagues (the Central League and Pacific League) Kohei Matsuda, owner of Toyo Kogyo, was primary owner of the team from the 1970s until his death in 2002. ( is a Japanese automotive manufacturer based in Hiroshima, Japan. ^[26] The team is now owned by members of the Matsuda family, while Mazda has minority ownership of the team. ( is a Japanese automotive manufacturer based in Hiroshima, Japan. The Carp play at Hiroshima Municipal Stadium, which was built in 1957. is a Stadium in Hiroshima Japan. It is primarily used for Baseball, and is the home field of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp. The stadium is located in central Hiroshima, near the A-Bomb Dome. The city is in planning stages for building a new baseball stadium near the JR Hiroshima Station, to be ready for the 2009 season. ^[27] Sanfrecce Hiroshima is the city's J. League football team. is a football team in the J League. Team name The team name comes from the Japanese numeral for three, San and an Italian The, or, is the top professional Football (soccer league in Japan and one of the most successful leagues in Asian club football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered In 1994, the city of Hiroshima hosted the Asian Games. Athletics For an extensive coverage see 1994 in athletics (track and field Track February 20 &mdash The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a Multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia.

Symbol	Club	Sport	League	Venue	Established
	Hiroshima Toyo Carp	Baseball	Central League	Hiroshima Municipal Stadium	1950
	Sanfrecce Hiroshima	Soccer	J. League	Hiroshima Big Arch	1938
	JT Thunders	Volleyball	V.League	Nekota Kinen Taiikukan	1931
	Hiroshima Maple Reds	Handball	Japan Handball League	Hirogin no mori Taiikukan	1994

Education

Satake Memorial Hall at Hiroshima University

Hiroshima University was established in 1949, as part of a national restructuring of the education system. The are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The or is one of Japan 's two major professional Baseball leagues the winner of which plays the Japan Series against the winner of the other league the is a Stadium in Hiroshima Japan. It is primarily used for Baseball, and is the home field of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. is a football team in the J League. Team name The team name comes from the Japanese numeral for three, San and an Italian Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The, or, is the top professional Football (soccer league in Japan and one of the most successful leagues in Asian club football is a multi-use Stadium in Hiroshima, Japan. It is the home ground of J Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet The VLeague is the top-level Volleyball league for both men and women in Japan. is a gymnasium located in Hiroshima, Japan. Overview The gymnasium was build for the great undertaking of Katsutoshi Nekoda, the Japanese volleyball Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2006 Roster NoPlayerPosition1 Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six The, is the top non-professional Handball league in Japan. Clubs for men Clubs for women Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) located in the Japanese cities of Higashihiroshima and Hiroshima, was established 1949 by the merger of a number of city educational institutions One national university was set-up in each prefecture, including Hiroshima University, which combined eight existing institutions (Hiroshima University of Literature and Science, Hiroshima School of Secondary Education, Hiroshima School of Education, Hiroshima Women's School of Secondary Education, Hiroshima School of Education for Youth, Hiroshima Higher School, Hiroshima Higher Technical School, and Hiroshima Municipal Higher Technical School), with the Hiroshima Prefectural Medical College added in 1953. For subsequent types of praefectura, see Prefect. Prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) indicates the office ^[28]

Transportation

Local public transportation in Hiroshima is provided by a streetcar system, operated by Hiroshima Electric Railway called "Hiroden" (広電, "Hiroden"^?) for short. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Hiroden also operates buses in and around Hiroshima Prefecture. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū Hiroshima Electric Railway was established on June 18, 1910 in Hiroshima. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting While many other Japanese cities abandoned the streetcar system by the 1980s (during the 60s and the 70s, Japanese cities were anxious to get rid of their streetcar systems (Tram)), Hiroshima retained it because the construction of a subway system was too expensive for the city to afford, as it is located on a delta. During the 1960s, Hiroshima Electric Railway, or Hiroden, bought extra streetcars from other Japanese cities. is a Japanese Transportation Company established on June 18, 1910, that operates streetcars and buses in and around Although streetcars in Hiroshima are now being replaced by newer models, most retain their original appearance. Thus, the streetcar system is sometimes called a "Moving Museum" by railroad buffs. Of the four streetcars that survived the war, two are still in operation as of July 2006 (Hiroden Numbers 651 and 652). There are seven streetcar lines, many of which terminate at Hiroshima Station. This is a list of lines and routes on the Hiroshima Electric Railway 's Railway and streetcar(tram systems in and around Hiroshima. is a JR West railway station located in Minami-ku Hiroshima, Japan.

Hiroden streetcar

The Astram Line opened for the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima, with one line from central Hiroshima to Seifu Shinto and Hiroshima Big Arch, the main stadium of the Asian Games. The is a new transit system operated by Hiroshima Rapid Transit in Hiroshima, Japan. The 1994 Asian Games also known as XII Asiad were held from October 2 to October 16, 1994 in Hiroshima, Japan is a multi-use Stadium in Hiroshima, Japan. It is the home ground of J A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a Multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. Astram uses rubber-tyred metro cars, and provides service to areas towards the suburbs that are not served by Hiroden streetcars. A rubber-tyred metro (or rubber-tired in non-British English is a form of Rapid transit system that uses a mix of road and rail technology ^[29] The Skyrail Midorizaka Line is a monorail that operates between Midoriguchi and Midori-Chūō, serving three stops. The is a Monorail line or a People mover line operated by Skyrail Service. A monorail is a transportation system based on a single beam The term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system or the vehicles travelling on such a beam or

Hiroshima Station entrance

The JR West Hiroshima Station offers inter-city rail service, including Sanyō Shinkansen which provides high speed service between Shin-Ōsaka and Fukuoka. is a JR West railway station located in Minami-ku Hiroshima, Japan. ( also referred to as, is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group companies and operates in western Honshū. Inter-city rail services are express Train passenger services which cover longer distances than Commuter trains Africa Inter-city services are reasonably The is one of the lines of the Shinkansen High speed rail network in Japan. is a train station in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is the western terminus of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and the eastern terminus of the Sanyō Shinkansen is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyūshū in Japan, across Sanyō Shinkansen began providing service to Hiroshima in 1975, when the Osaka-Hakata extension opened. ^[30] Other rail service includes the Sanyō Main Line, Kabe Line, Geibi Line, and Kure Line. The is the JR main railway line in western Japan connecting Kobe Station and Moji Station, largely running parallel the coast of the Inland Sea, in other The is a Rail line operated by JR West within the city of Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The is a Rail line operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West in the mountainous area of the Chūgoku region. The is a Rail line operated by JR West within Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Ferries are operated by JR Miyajima Ferry and Miyajima Matsudai Kisen to Miyajima. is the ferry route between Miyajimaguchi Hatsukaichi Hiroshima and Miyajima ( Itsukushima) is a Japanese Ferry Company based in Hatsukaichi Hiroshima, Japan. may refer to Miyajima another name for the Japanese island Itsukushima Miyajima Hiroshima, a former town on this island merged into Hatsukaichi Hiroden provides service to Miyajimaguchi Station, which is located near the ferry terminal for service to Miyajima. Miyajimaguchi Station is a JR station on JR Sanyō Main Line in Hatsukaichi Hiroshima. may refer to Miyajima another name for the Japanese island Itsukushima Miyajima Hiroshima, a former town on this island merged into Hatsukaichi Hiroshima Port is the main passenger ferry terminal for Hiroshima, with service to Etajima, Matsuyama, and other destinations. Etajima is an island in Hiroshima Bay located in southwestern Hiroshima Prefecture. There is also an international ferry terminal which has service to Busan and Ulsan in South Korea, Shanghai, Dalian, Qingdao and Ningbo in China, Keelung and Kaohsiung in Taiwan, as well as Hong Kong. Ulsan is a metropolitan city in the south-east of South Korea, facing the East Sea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Ningbo ( literally "Tranquil Waves" is a Seaport with sub-provincial administrative status. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Keelung City (also Jilong or Chilung) ( is a major port city situated in the northeastern part of Taiwan. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders ^[31] There is also a boat taxi service that runs along the ota-gawa channels into the city center.

Hiroshima Airport, located nearby in the city of Mihara, provides air service within Japan to Tokyo, Sapporo, Okinawa, and Sendai. is an Airport in the city of Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. is a city located in Hiroshima, Japan. The city was founded on November 15, 1936. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. is the fifth-largest city in Japan by population It is the capital of Hokkaidō Prefecture, located in Ishikari Subprefecture, and an is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū is the capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and the largest city in the Tōhoku (northeast region International air service is provided to Seoul, Bangkok, Guam, Taipei, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Commuter air service is also available at Hiroshima-Nishi Airport. is an Airport in Nishi Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Sister cities

Hiroshima has six overseas sister cities:^[32]

Within Japan, Hiroshima has a similar relationship with Nagasaki. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Daegu (pronounced) also spelled Taegu (pronounced) officially called Daegu Metropolitan City, is the fourth largest city in South Korea after South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches ( is the Capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan.

See also

• Barefoot Gen
• Kokura
• Yoshito Matsushige
• Masaharu Morimoto, celebrity chef born and raised in Hiroshima and perhaps the city's most famous former resident by way of the popular show Iron Chef
• Sadako Kurihara

Notes

References

• Ishikawa, Eisei, David L. Swain (1981). Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings. Basic Books.  
• Kowner, Rotem (2002). "Hiroshima", in M. Ember & C. Ember (eds. ): Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures (Vol. II). Grolier, pp. 341-348. ISBN 0717256987.  

Further reading

• Pacific War Research Society, Japan's Longest Day (Kodansha, 2002, ISBN 4-7700-2887-3), the internal Japanese account of the surrender and how it was almost thwarted by fanatic soldiers who attempted a coup against the Emperor.
• Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire (Penguin, 2001 ISBN 0-14-100146-1)
• Robert Jungk, Children of the Ashes, 1st Eng. Richard B Frank (born 1947 in Kansas) is an American lawyer and military historian Robert Jungk ( May 11, 1913 - July 14, 1994) also known as Robert Baum and Robert Baum-Jungk, was an Austrian ed. 1961
• Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, ISBN 0-679-76285-X
• John Hersey, Hiroshima, ISBN 0-679-72103-7
• Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician, August 6 - September 30, 1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955), since reprinted. Gar Alperovitz (born May 5 1936 is Lionel R Bauman Professor of Political Economy at the University of Maryland College Park Department of Government and Politics John Richard Hersey ( June 17, 1914 – March 24, 1993) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American Writer and journalist Michihiko Hachiya (1903-1980 was a Japanese medical practitioner who survived the Hiroshima bombing in 1945 and kept a diary of his experience Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
• Masuji Ibuse, Black Rain, ISBN 0-87011-364-X
• Hara Tamiki, Summer Flowers ISBN 0-691-00837-X

External links

• Official website in English
• Peace Declarations in English
• Devotion to the Cause of Peace - The City of Hiroshima projects for male volunteers in the Red Cross Hiroshima Hospital and Kummanoto Hospital, caring for survivors of the atomic bomb
• Hiroshima Hiroden Streetcars
• Hiroshima travel guide from Wikitravel
• Photo Gallery of Hiroshima
• How many died at Hiroshima?, analysis of the conflicting estimates
• Article on planning for the rebuilding of Hiroshima in 1946.
• Peter Rance's 1951 Hiroshima Photographs
• Satellite picture by Google Maps
• CityMayors article
• Nuclear Files.org Comprehensive information on the history, and political and social implications of the US atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. was a Japanese Author. Life and work Ibuse was born in 1898 to a landowning family in the village of Kamo which is now part of Fukuyama Hiroshima was a Japanese author. He was born in Hiroshima in 1905 and died in Tokyo in 1951 when he threw himself in front of an oncoming train Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
• CBC Digital Archives - Shadows of Hiroshima

Hiroshima Prefecture
Cities
Akitakata | Etajima | Fuchū | Fukuyama | Hatsukaichi | Higashihiroshima | Hiroshima (capital) | Kure | Mihara | Miyoshi | Onomichi | Ōtake | Shōbara | Takehara
Districts
Aki | Jinseki | Sera | Toyota | Yamagata
See also: Towns and villages by district edit