Citizendia

Hindkowans
Total population

3,941,176[1]

Regions with significant populations
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan:
   3,940,000[2]

Flag of India India: 600+[3]

Languages
Hindko, Pashto, Punjabi
Religions
Islam (predominantly Sunni),[4], Christian minority estimated at 2%,[5] and small Hindu minority of indeterminate size[6][7]
Related ethnic groups
Pashtun people, Punjabi people, neighboring Indo-Aryan and Iranian peoples

Hindkowans (Hindko/Pashto: ہِندکُون) or Punjabi Pathans (Urdu: پنجاب پٹھان, Hindi: पंजाबी पठान) are an ethno-linguistic group native to the North-West Frontier Province, Punjab province and Azad Kashmir region of Pakistan and the Jammu and Kashmir state of India. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Hindko (هندکو /Hindkoŭ/ also Hindku, Hinko, or Lahnda, لَیہندا is an ancient Indo-Aryan language spoken in North Western Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو‎ pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called The Punjabi people ( Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. Hindko (هندکو /Hindkoŭ/ also Hindku, Hinko, or Lahnda, لَیہندا is an ancient Indo-Aryan language spoken in North Western Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو‎ pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP ( Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [3] However, an indeterminate number have left the region and now live in other parts of South Asia.

The largest geographically contiguous group of Hindko speakers is concentrated in the districts of Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra and Kaghan valley of Pakistan, while there are a number of geographically isolated speakers of Hindko in cities like Peshawar and Kohat. Abbottabad ( Pashto: ایبٹ آباد) is the principal city of Abbottabad District in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan Mansehra (مانسہرہ city is located at in Mansehra District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The Kaghan Valley is a valley in the Mansehra District of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. ( پښور; Urdu: پشاور) is the capital of the North-West Frontier Province and the administrative centre for the Federally Administered Kohat ( Urdu: کوہاٹ is a medium sized town in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan.

People here tend to associate themselves with larger families instead of a language (or caste as it was formerly known) like Awan, Tanoli, Jadoon, Abbasi, and Karlal. Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. Awan (اعوان Punjabi Gurmukhi ਆਵਾਨ a South Asian Zamindar tribe putatively of Arab origin living predominantly in The Tanolis ( Urdu: تنولی) also called Tanaoli, Tanol, Tol, Tholi, Tahola, Tarnoli, Tanwalis The Jadoon ( Urdu: جدون is a Pakhtun tribe located partly in Gadoon area in Swabi on the southern slopes of Mahaban Mountains and partly in Abbottabad Abbasi (عباسی is a prominent Muslim family name Origin The name denotes descent from Abbas ibn Abd-al-Muttalib, the paternal uncle of Prophet Karlal (also known as Kard'al, Karaal, Karhral, or Kiraal) is a tribe found in the Abbottabad and Haripur districts of People who speak Hindko are referred to by some academics as Punjabi Pathans[8] probably because many tribes, for example Swatis, Jadoons, and Tanolis who settled in Districts like Abbotabad, Haripur and Mansehra town, adopted Hindko as their first language and had gained political power in these areas during the British rule and also because of many ethnic Pushtun people who speak Hinkdo as their first language in Peshawar and Kohat. Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called The Tanolis ( Urdu: تنولی) also called Tanaoli, Tanol, Tol, Tholi, Tahola, Tarnoli, Tanwalis The Hindko speaking people living in major cities Peshawar, Kohat, Mardan are bilingual in Pashto and Hindko. Mardan ( Urdu: مردان) is a city and headquarters of Mardan District in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Similarly many Pashto speaking people in districts like Mansehra especially in Agror Valley and northern Tanawal (Shergarh), have become bilingual in Pashto and Hindko.

The NWFP Imperial Gazetteer (1905) regularly refers to the language as Hindko. More than one interpretation has been offered for the term Hindko. Some associate it with Hindustan (as the word maybe used during the medieval Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent), others with the Hindu people, and still others with the Indus River, which is of course the etymological source of all these terms. Hindustan (हिन्दुस्तान, ہندوستان,) is one of the popular Names of India. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd [9] Long before independence Grierson, in the Linguistic Survey of India, employed the term Hindko to mean "the language of Hindus" (viii, 1:34). George Abraham Grierson ( 7 January 1851, Glenageary, County Dublin, Ireland - 9 March 1941, Camberley Farigh Bukhari and South Asian language expert and historian Christopher Shackle believe that Hindko was a generic term applied to the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum in the northwest frontier territories and adjacent district of Attock in the Punjab province to differentiate it in function and form from Pashto. The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو‎ pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as Linguists classify the language into the Indic subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which is in turn a subgroup of Indo-European languages. The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family An estimated 2. 4 per cent of the total population of Pakistan speak Hindko as their mother tongue, with more rural than urban households reporting Hindko as their household language.

Contents

Demographics

The speakers of Hindko live primarily in seven districts in NWFP: Mansehra, Mardan, Abbottabad, Haripur, Peshawar, Nowshera and Kohat in NWFP, as well as Attock Rawalpindi districts in the Punjab and parts of Kashmir; Jonathan Addleton states that "Hindko is the most significant linguistic minority in the NWFP, represented in nearly one-fifth of the province's total households. Mansehra District ( Urdu: مانسہرہ is in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, which contains the town of Mansehra and the Mardan is a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Abbottabad (ایبٹ آباد is a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Haripur ( Urdu: ہری پور) is a district of Hazara in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan that contains the Peshawar is a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Nowshera ( Urdu: نوشہرہ) is a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan - the principal city is Nowshera Kohat is a district of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, Kohat city is the capital of the district Attock District ( Urdu: اٹک) is a district in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Rawalpindi is a district of Pakistan in the north of the Punjab province which contains the city of Rawalpindi. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir " In Abbottabad District 92 per cent of households reported speaking Hindko, in Mansehra District 47 per cent, in Peshawar District 7 per cent, and in Kohat District 10 per cent (1986). Testing of inherent intelligibility among Hindko dialects through the use of recorded tests has shown that there is a northern (Hazara) dialect group and a southern group. The southern dialects are more widely understood throughout the dialect network than are the northern dialects. The dialects of rural Peshawar and Talagang are the most widely understood of the dialects tested. The dialect of Balakot is the least widely understood.

In most Hindko-speaking areas, speakers of Pashto live in the same or neighbouring communities (although this is less true in Abbottabad and Kaghan Valley than elsewhere). In the mixed areas, many people speak both languages. The relationship between Hindko and Pashto is not one of stable bilingualism. In the northeast, Hindko is the dominant language both in terms of domain of usage and in terms of the number of speakers, whereas in the southwest, Pashto seems to be advancing in those same areas.

Historically, there were two languages each in upper Afghanistan and lower Afghanistan: Persian and Pashto and Hindko and Pashto. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Chach Hazara was a great centre of resistance to the British.

The Gandhara Hindko Board has published the first dictionary of the language and its launching ceremony was held on March 16, 2003. Gandhāra ( Sanskrit: गन्धार Urdu: گندھارا Gandḥārā; also known as Waihind in Persian is the name of an ancient According to a press release, Sultan Sakoon, a prominent Hindku poet, has compiled the dictionary.

See also

Chhachi

Notable Hindkowans

Other Information

References

  1. ^ Joshua Project: Hindkowan people: total population found by adding all Hindko speakers
  2. ^ Ethnologue: Languages of Pakistan
  3. ^ a b Hindko, Northern speakers in India. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Pran (born Pran Sikand on February 12 1920) in New Delhi India is a multiple Filmfare award and BFJA award winning The Padma Bhushan award is an Indian civilian decoration established on January 2, 1954 by the President of India. The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the oldest and most prominent film events given for Hindi films in India. The Joshua Project. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  4. ^ Ethnologue: Hindko, Southern
  5. ^ Hindko Home: Religious Division
  6. ^ Kapoor Family: Prithviraj Kapoor
  7. ^ Himal South Asian: Elsewhere
  8. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
  9. ^ Grierson Linguistic Survey of India. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Overseas Pakistanis Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  10. ^ The Hindu: Mad about theatre
  11. ^ Rediff: Bollywood's First Family
  12. ^ Daily Times: Peshawarites still remember the Kapoor family
  13. ^ The Frontier Post: Hindko journal issue on Dilip brought out
  14. ^ Bite the Mango Film Festival '04: Dilip Kumar - Pure Gold
  15. ^ Upperstall: Dilip Kumar
  16. ^ Heroic villain: An informative and entertaining biography of a daredevil Pathan.. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-02-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable

Muslim communities

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