| Henry III | |
| King of France, Count of Provence (more...) | |
 Henry III Image in the Louvre. The precise style of French Sovereigns varied over the years Currently there is no French sovereign three distinct traditions (the Legitimist the Orleanist and the The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France | |
| Reign | 30 May 1574 – 2 August 1589 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 13 February 1575, Reims |
| Full name | Alexandre-Édouard de Valois-Angoulême |
| Titles | Duke of Orléans (1560 – 1574) Duke of Anjou (1566 – 1574) King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania (21 February – 19 June 1574) Dauphin of Viennois: as King of France (30 May 1574 – 2 August 1589) |
| Born | 19 September 1551 |
| Birthplace | Château de Fontainebleau, France |
| Died | 2 August 1589 (aged 37) |
| Place of death | Saint-Cloud, France |
| Buried | Saint Denis Basilica, France |
| Predecessor | Charles IX |
| Successor | Henry IV |
| Consort | Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont |
| Royal House | Valois Dynasty |
| Father | Henry II (1519 – 1559) |
| Mother | Catherine de' Medici (1519 – 1589) |
Henry III of France (French: Henri III, Polish: Henryk) (September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589), born Alexandre-Édouard de Valois-Angoulême, was King of France from 1574 to 1589, and as Henry of Valois, King of Poland from 1573 to 1574. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. The Counts of Albon ( Comtes d'Albon) were minor French nobles in south-eastern France in the Rhône Alps region List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. The Palace of Fontainebleau, located 345 miles from the centre of Paris, is one of the largest French royal Châteaux The palace as it is today is the work of many This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Saint-Cloud is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont ( 30 April 1553 &ndash 29 January 1601) was a member of the House of Lorraine who became Queen See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca
Contents |
Life
Early years
Henri was born at the Royal Château de Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, third son of King Henri II and Catherine de' Medici, grandson of François I and Claude de France, and brother of François II and Charles IX of France. The Palace of Fontainebleau, located 345 miles from the centre of Paris, is one of the largest French royal Châteaux The palace as it is today is the work of many Seine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers and located in the Île-de-France region Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death He was made duc d'Angoulême and duc d'Orléans in 1560, and duc d'Anjou in 1566. Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father
In 1564 his name became Henri. He was his mother's favorite; she called him chers yeux ("Precious Eyes") and lavished her fondness and affection upon him for most of his life. His elder brother Charles grew to detest him, resenting Henry's greater health and activity.
Siblings
- Francis II, King of France (January 19, 1544 – December 5, 1560). Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.
- Married Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1558.
- Élisabeth, Queen consort of Spain (April 2, 1545 – October 3, 1568). Élisabeth of Valois ( April 2 1545 &ndash October 3 1568) was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's
- Married Philip II, King of Spain, in 1559. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598
- Claude, Duchess consort of Lorraine (November 12, 1547 – February 21, 1575). Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland
- Married Charles III, Duke of Lorraine. Charles III ( February 18 1543 – May 14 1608) known as the Great, was Duke of Lorraine from 1545 until his death
- Louis, Duke of Orleans (3 February 1549 – 24 October 1549). Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat
- Died in infancy.
- Charles IX, King of France (June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574). Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- Married Elizabeth of Austria in 1570.
- Marguerite, Queen consort of France and Navarre (May 14, 1553 – March 27, 1615). Marguerite de Valois ( May 14, 1553 &ndash May 27, 1615) " Queen Margot " ( La reine Margot) was Queen of Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates
- Married Henry, King of Navarre, the future Henry IV of France, in 1572. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III
- François, Duke of Anjou (March 18, 1555 – June 19, 1584). Hercule François Duke of Anjou and Alençon, often simply referred to as "the Duke of Alençon" ( March 18, 1555 &ndash June 19 Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros.
- Victoria (June 24, 1556 – June 24, 1556). Victoria of Valois ( 24 June, 1556 &ndash August 1556 and her twin sister Joan of Valois) were the last children born to King Henri II of France Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place
- Twin of Joan. Died at birth.
- Joan (June 24, 1556 – August 1556). Joan of Valois (French - Jeanne de Valois) may be: Joan of Valois (1294-1352, daughter of Charles of Valois and of Marguerite of Anjou married Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place
- Twin of Victoria. Died in infancy.
Youth
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In his youth, he was considered the best of the sons of Catherine de' Medici and Henry II. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Madeleine de Valois ( August 10, 1520 &ndash July 7, 1537) was a princess of France and Queen consort of James Charles d'Angouleme Duc d'Orleans, ( January 22, 1522 &ndash September 9, 1545) was the 3rd son of King Francis I of France and Margaret of France Duchess of Berry ( June 5, 1523 &ndash September 14, 1574) was the daughter of Francis I King of France Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Élisabeth of Valois ( April 2 1545 &ndash October 3 1568) was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death Marguerite de Valois ( May 14, 1553 &ndash May 27, 1615) " Queen Margot " ( La reine Margot) was Queen of Hercule François Duke of Anjou and Alençon, often simply referred to as "the Duke of Alençon" ( March 18, 1555 &ndash June 19 Joan of Valois and her twin sister Victoria of Valois were the last children born to King Henri II of France and his wife Catherine de' Medici. Victoria of Valois ( 24 June, 1556 &ndash August 1556 and her twin sister Joan of Valois) were the last children born to King Henri II of France Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death Unlike his father and elder brothers, he had little interest in the traditional Valois pastimes of hunting and physical exercise (although he was both fond of and skilled in fencing), preferring instead to indulge his tastes for the arts and reading – leanings which were attributed to his Italian mother. Fencing is the art of armed Combat involving Cutting, Stabbing, or slapping bludgeoning Weapons directly manipulated by hand The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging
He also, at one point in his youth, showed a tendency towards Protestantism as a means of rebelling - at the age of nine, calling himself un petit Huguenot, he refused to attend Mass, sang Protestant psalms to his sister Margot (exhorting her all the while to change her religion and cast her Book of Hours into the fire), and even bit the nose off a statue of Saint Paul. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included A book of hours is the most common type of surviving Medieval Illuminated manuscript. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and
His mother firmly cautioned her children against such behaviour, and he would never again show any Protestant tendencies - instead becoming nominally Catholic. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". [1]
His artistic tastes were a source of concern to the court. Unlike the other men of his family, he showed a marked interest in clothes and fabrics, jewels, lapdogs, and toys. He also had a keen eye for fashions and beauty which in his later years would become an obsession, and constantly appeared elegant and sophisticated, although not always appropriate – on festive occasions, he was known to dress more richly and fantastically than the ladies of the court, adorning himself with jewels and fantastic costumes, prompting the Spanish ambassador, Zuniga, to write to Philip II of Spain;
With all of this he shows who he really is. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598
On another occasion, a ball given by Catherine de' Medici at Chenonceau in June 1577, the King whole-heartedly participated in the theme - transvestism - by wearing;
diamonds, emeralds and pearls. This article deals with the history of the word 'transvestite' His hair was tinted with violet powder and wearing a dress of superb brocade, he made a definite contrast to his wife, who had chosen not to dress in men's clothing. [2]
Such appearances earned Henry blunt epithets such as "Prince of Sodom".
Henry is still widely assumed to have been homosexual or at least bisexual[3], though this is disputed[4]. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation
Marriage?
In 1570, discussions commenced to arrange for Henri to court Elizabeth I of England. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Elizabeth, almost 37, was in need of a husband and needed to produce an heir. However, nothing came of these discussions: Elizabeth, on her part, is viewed by historians as having intended only to concern Spain, rather than to have seriously intended marriage; and the chances of such a marriage were further blighted by their differing religious views (Henri was at least formally a Catholic, Elizabeth a firm Protestant), and his opinion of Elizabeth (he tactlessly referred to her as a putain publique (a "public whore"), made stinging remarks about their difference in age, and upon hearing she limped because of a varicose vein, called her an "old creature with a sore leg"). Varicose veins are Veins that have become enlarged and twisted [2]
Prior to ascending the throne, he was a leader of the royal army in the French Wars of Religion against the Huguenots, and took part in the victories over them at Battle of Jarnac and Battle of Moncontour. The French Wars of Religion (1562 to 1598 between French Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots involved both civil infighting The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth The Battle of Jarnac was an encounter during the French Wars of Religion that occurred on March 13, 1569 between the Catholic forces of The Battle of Moncontour occurred on October 3, 1569 between the Catholic forces of King Charles IX of France and the Huguenots While still Duke, he instigated the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, in which thousands of Huguenots were killed; his reign as King would see France in constant turmoil over religion. The St Bartholomew's Day massacre ( Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Roman Catholic Mob violence against the Huguenots
Reign
| Monarchical Styles of King Henry III Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France | |
 | |
| Reference style | His Most Christian Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Most Christian Majesty |
| Alternative style | Monsieur Le Roi |
In 1573, Henri was elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic As prerequisite to his free election, he was compelled to sign the Pacta conventa and the Henrician Articles, pledging religious tolerance in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Free election (Polish wolna elekcja) was the Election of individual kings rather than of Dynasties, to the Polish throne between Pacta conventa (Latin "agreed-upon agreements" was a contractual agreement from 1573 to 1764 entered into between the "Polish nation" (i The Henrician Articles, or Henrycian Articles ( Polish: Artykuły henrykowskie, Latin: Articuli Henriciani) or more often stated in Religious toleration is the condition of accepting or permitting others' religious beliefs and practices which disagree with one's own The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Henri chafed at the restrictions on monarchic power under the Polish-Lithuanian political system of "Golden Liberty". A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or A political system is a System of Politics and Government. It is usually compared to the Law system, Economic system, Cultural Golden Liberty ( Latin: Aurea Libertas; Polish: Złota Wolność) sometimes referred to as Golden Freedoms, Nobles' Democracy
Three months after his coronation as King of Poland, upon the death of his brother Charles IX, Henri secretly left Poland and returned to France, where he was crowned King on February 13, 1575, at Rheims Cathedral. Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Notre-Dame de Reims ( Our Lady of Rheims) is the Cathedral of Reims, where the kings of France were once crowned
Marriage
Although he married Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont (February 14, 1575) and was expected to produce an heir, he did not. Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont ( 30 April 1553 &ndash 29 January 1601) was a member of the House of Lorraine who became Queen Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
In 1576, Henri signed the Edict of Beaulieu, granting many concessions to the Huguenots. The Edict of Beaulieu (also known at the time as the Peace of Monsieur) was promulgated from Beaulieu-lès-Loches on May 6, 1576 by Henry His action resulted in the Catholic activist, Henry I, Duke of Guise, forming the Catholic League. Henry I Prince of Joinville Duke of Guise Count of Eu ( January 31, 1550 – December 23, 1588, Château de Blois) sometimes The Catholic League of France, sometimes referred to by contemporary (and modern Roman Catholics as the Holy League, was formed by Duke Henry of Guise in After much posturing and negotiations, Henri was forced to rescind most of the concessions that had been made to the Protestants in the Edict of Beaulieu.
In 1584, the King's youngest brother and heir presumptive, François, duc d'Anjou, died. Hercule François Duke of Anjou and Alençon, often simply referred to as "the Duke of Alençon" ( March 18, 1555 &ndash June 19 Under Salic Law, the next heir to the throne was Protestant Henri III of Navarre, a descendant of St. Louis IX. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Under pressure from the Duke of Guise, Henri III issued an edict suppressing Protestantism and annulling Henri III of Navarre's right to the throne.
Henri began a great friendship with the Feuillant reformer Jean de la Barrière and built a monastery for him and his followers to commemorate their friendship in 1587. Jean Baptiste de la Barriere was born in 1554. He was named reformer of the Feuillants at the age of 19
On May 12, 1588, when the duc de Guise entered Paris, Henri III fled the city. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Henry I Prince of Joinville Duke of Guise Count of Eu ( January 31, 1550 – December 23, 1588, Château de Blois) sometimes
On December 23, 1588, at the Château de Blois, the duc de Guise arrived in the council chamber where his brother Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, waited. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city The Royal Château de Blois is located in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in France. Louis II Cardinal of Guise ( July 6, 1555, Dampierre &ndash December 24, 1588, Château de Blois) was the third son of The Duke was told that the King wished to see him in the private room adjoining the royal bedroom. There guardsmen murdered the Duke, then the Cardinal. To make sure that no contender for the French throne was free to act against him, the King had the Duke's son imprisoned.
The Duke of Guise had been highly popular in France, and the citizenry turned against King Henri for the murders. Henry I Prince of Joinville Duke of Guise Count of Eu ( January 31, 1550 – December 23, 1588, Château de Blois) sometimes The Parlement instituted criminal charges against the King, and he fled Paris to join forces with Henri III of Navarre. This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III
Assassination
On August 1, 1589, Henry III lodged with his army at Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine, prepared to attack Paris, when a young fanatical Dominican friar, Jacques Clément, carrying false papers, was granted access to deliver important documents to the King. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Saint-Cloud is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Hauts-de-Seine (92 (literally " Seine Heights" is a département in France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is Jacques Clément ( 1567 - August 1, 1589) was the Assassin of the French king Henry III. The monk gave the King a bundle of papers and stated that he had a secret message to deliver. The King signaled for his attendants to step back for privacy, and Clément whispered in his ear while plunging a knife into his abdomen. Clément was killed on the spot by the guards.
At first the wound did not appear fatal, but the King enjoined all the officers around him, in the event that he did not survive, to be loyal to Henri of Navarre as their new king. The following morning — the day that he was to have launched his assault to retake Paris — Henri III died.
Chaos swept the attacking army, most of it quickly melting away; the proposed attack on Paris was postponed. Inside the city the joy on news of Henri III's death was almost delirium; some hailed the assassination as an act of God. Act of God is a legal term for events outside of human control such as sudden Floods or other Natural disasters for which no one can be held responsible [5]
Burial
Henri III was interred at the Saint Denis Basilica. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French Childless, he was the last of the Valois kings. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Henri III of Navarre succeeded him as Henri IV, the first of the Bourbon kings. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
Additional viewing
- The French movies, La Reine Margot (1954) and La Reine Margot (1994), both based on Alexandre Dumas' novel of the same title, are fictional depictions of the lives of Henri III's family, his sister Margot, and her Protestant husband Henri around the time of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This article is on the 1994 film For other adaptations of the Dumas novel see La Reine Margot (novel. Queen Margot ( French La Reine Margot) is a Novel written in 1845 by Alexandre Dumas père, whose The St Bartholomew's Day massacre ( Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Roman Catholic Mob violence against the Huguenots Henri is played by the actor Pascal Greggory. Pascal Greggory (born 1953 September 8) is a French actor Filmography Les soeurs Brontë (1979 by André Téchiné
- In Dumas' novel, Henri was not portrayed as homosexual, whereas, in the 1954 film, he was shown as an effeminate, comical queen.
- In the 1994 film, he was portrayed as a more sinister character, bisexual and showing sexual interest for his sister. His brother dies by being accidentally poisoned by his mother, who had intended to kill Henri of Navarre instead.
- The film Elizabeth, released in 1998, depicts the historical courtship between Elizabeth I of England and François, Duke of Anjou, Henry III's youngest brother. Elizabeth or Elisabeth is the Greek form Ελισ(σάβετ Elis(savet of the Hebrew Elisheva, meaning "my God is an oath" Hercule François Duke of Anjou and Alençon, often simply referred to as "the Duke of Alençon" ( March 18, 1555 &ndash June 19 The film borrows some of the aspects of Henry III's life and features Anjou as a comical foolish transvestite. The role is portrayed by French actor Vincent Cassel. Vincent Cassel (born November 23 1966) is a French Actor. He has appeared in both French and English language Films.
- In the film Dangerous Beauty he has a short affair with the main character, venetian courtesan Veronica Franco. He appears masculine, although he declared to Veronica that the "rumors" about him were true. He is played by British actor Jake Weber. Jake Weber (born March 19, 1964) is a British Actor. and also studied at Russia's famed Moscow Art Theatre.
- In an episode of Animaniacs, entitled The Three Muska-Warners, an Elmer Fudd-like Henri III is protected by Yakko, Wakko and Dot. Steven Spielberg Presents Animaniacs, usually referred to as Animaniacs, is an American animated series, distributed by Warner Bros Elmer J Fudd is a fictional Cartoon character and one of the most famous Looney Tunes characters Yakko Wakko and Dot Warner, also known as "The Warner Brothers (and the Warner Sister", are three Cartoon characters featured on the Animated series In this version, Henri is portrayed by Jeff Bennett as nervous and jumpy, and for no apparent reason speaks with an English accent. Jeff Glenn Bennett (born October 2, 1962) is an American Voice actor in cartoons (most notably those produced by Disney) movies and games The regional accents of English speakers show great variation across the areas where English is spoken as a first language
Polish Influence
The short reign of Henri Valois at Wawel Castle in Poland was a clash of civilization between the Polish and the French. See also Wawel The Gothic Wawel Castle was built at the behest of Casimir III the Great and consists of a number of structures situated around The young king and his followers were amazed by several Polish practices, as well as disappointed by the rural poverty and harsh climate of the country. The Polish, on the other hand, wondered if all Frenchmen were as concerned with their appearance as their new King appeared to be.
In many aspects, Polish culture positively influenced France through this mixing of cultures. At Wawel, the French were introduced to new methods of toilet facilities, in which litter was taken outside the castle walls. Wawel is an architectural complex erected over many centuries atop a limestone Outcrop on the left bank of the Vistula River in Kraków, After returning to France, Henry ordered the construction of such facilities in the Louvre and other palaces. Other inventions which were new to the French included a bath with regulated hot and cold water, and use of the fork. As a piece of Cutlery or Kitchenware, a fork is a tool consisting of a handle with several narrow tines (usually two three or four on one end
Ancestors
| Henry III of France | Father: Henry II of France | Paternal Grandfather: Francis I of France | Paternal Great-grandfather: Charles, Count of Angoulême |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Louise of Savoy | |||
| Paternal Grandmother: Claude of France | Paternal Great-grandfather: Louis XII of France | ||
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Anne, Duchess of Brittany | |||
| Mother: Catherine de' Medici | Maternal Grandfather: Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino | Maternal Great-grandfather: Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici | |
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Alfonsina Orsini | |||
| Maternal Grandmother: Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne | Maternal Great-grandfather: John III, Count of Auvergne | ||
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Jeanne de Bourbon-Vendôme |
See also
References
- ^ Frieda, Leonie, Catherine de Medici, pp. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Charles of Orléans Count of Angoulême ( French: Charles d'Orléans Comte d'Angoulême) (1459 &ndash 1 January 1496) was a member of the French Louise of Savoy ( September 11, 1476 &ndash September 22, 1531) was the mother of Francis I of France. Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king Anne of Brittany ( 25 January, 1477 &ndash 9 January, 1514) also known as Anna of Brittany ( Anne de Bretagne; Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici ( September 12 September 9 ---> 1492 &ndash May 4 April 5 ---> 1519 was the Piero de' Medici ( February 15, 1472 &ndash December 28, 1503) called Piero the Unfortunate, was the Gran maestro Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne (c 1495? &ndash April 28, 1519) was a penultimate representative of the senior branch of the house de La Tour d'Auvergne John III of Auvergne (1467 &ndash 28 March 1501) Count of Auvergne, was the son of Bertrand VI of Auvergne and Louise de La Tremoille (1432 Jeanne de Bourbon (1465 &ndash 22 January, 1511) was the maternal grandmother of the famous French queen Catherine de' Medici (1519-1589 See also Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish Diet in 1505 transferred all Legislative power The St Bartholomew's Day massacre ( Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Roman Catholic Mob violence against the Huguenots Les Mignons (from mignon, French for "the darlings" or "the dainty ones" was a term used by polemicists in the toxic atmosphere of the French 179-180
- ^ a b Frieda, Leonie, Catherine de Medici
- ^ Henri III
- ^ Henri III était homosexuel - Tatoufaux.com
- ^ Durant, Will, The Story of Civilization Vol. VII, Chpt. XII, p. 361
External links
- Portraits of Henri III (in French).
Titles
Henry III of France Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: September 19 1551 Died: August 2 1589 | ||
| Preceded by Charles | Duke of Angoulême 1551 – 30 May 1574 | Succeeded by Diane de France |
| Preceded by Charles III, Duc d'Orléans (Charles IX of France) (full older brother) | Duke of Orléans 1560 – 30 May 1574 | Succeeded by to royal domain |
| Preceded by Louise | Duke of Anjou 1566 – 30 May 1574 | Succeeded by Francis |
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sigismund II | King of Poland 21 February 1573–19 June 1574 | Succeeded by Anna and Stefan Batory |
| Grand Duke of Lithuania 21 February 1573–19 June 1574 | ||
| Preceded by Charles IX of France (full older brother) | King of France May 30, 1574–August 2, 1589 | Succeeded by Henry IV of France |
| Count of Provence and Forcalquier as 'Henry II' May 30, 1574–August 2, 1589 | ||
| Dauphin of Viennois, Count of Valentinois and of Diois as 'Henry II of Viennois' May 30, 1574–August 2, 1589 | ||
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