State of Hawaii Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi
Flag of Hawaii Seal of Hawaii Nickname(s): The Aloha State Motto(s): Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono (English translation: The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness) Before Statehood Known as The Territory of Hawaii
Official language(s)	English, Hawaiian
Demonym	Hawaiian
Capital	Honolulu
Largest city	Honolulu
Area	Ranked 43rd in the US
- Total	10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)
- Width	n/a miles (n/a km)
- Length	1,522 miles (2,450 km)
- % water	41. The flag of Hawaii ( Hawaiian: Ka Hae Hawaii) is the official standard symbolizing Hawaii as a U The Great Seal of the State of Hawaii was designated officially by Act 272 of the 1959 Territorial Legislature and is based on the territorial seal This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Aloha in the Hawaiian language means Affection, Love, Peace, Compassion Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. " Ua mau ke ea o ka āina i ka pono " is a Hawaiian phrase meaning "The life (sovereignty of the land is perpetuated in (by righteousness" The Territory of Hawaii, abbreviated officially as TH, was established on July 7, 1898 and dissolved on August 21, 1959 when The United States does not have an Official language; however the majority of the population speaks English as a native language (about 82% English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U This is a list of the largest cities of US states by population Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 2
- Latitude	18° 55′ N to 28° 27′ N
- Longitude	154° 48′ W to 178° 22′ W
Population	Ranked 42nd in the US
- Total	1,211,537
- Density	188. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the This article is a list of the 50 US States ordered by Population density. 6/sq mi  72. 83/km² (13th in the US)
- Median income	$53,123 (8th)
Elevation
- Highest point	Mauna Kea[1] 13,796 ft  (4,205 m)
- Mean	3,035 ft  (925 m)
- Lowest point	Pacific Ocean[1] 0 ft  (0 m)
Admission to Union	August 21, 1959 (50th)
Governor	Linda Lingle (R)
Lieutenant Governor	James Aiona (R)
U.S. Senators	Daniel Inouye (D) Daniel Akaka (D)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zone	Hawaii: UTC-10 (no daylight saving time)
Abbreviations	US-HI
Website	www.hawaii.gov

Hawaii State Symbols
Living Symbols
-Bird	Hawaiian Goose
-Fish	Humu­humu­nuku­nuku­āpuaʻa
-Flower	Hawaiian hibiscus
-Mammal	Humpback whale
-Reptile	Gold dust day gecko
-Tree	Kukui nut tree
Food	Coconut muffin
Gemstone	Black coral
Slogan(s)	The Islands of Aloha
Soil	Hilo
Song(s)	Hawai'i pono'i
Sport	Surfing, Outrigger canoeing
Tartan	Hawaii State Tartan
Route Marker(s)
Quarter	2008
See Also

The State of Hawaii (pronounced /həˈwaɪiː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi) is a state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. Household income is a measure of current private income commonly used by the United States government and private institutions Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Mauna Kea is a Dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the Island of Hawaii. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Linda Lingle (born Linda Cutter on June 4 1953) has been Governor of Hawaii since December 2 2002. This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. James R "Duke" Aiona Jr (born June 8, 1955) is the current Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Hawaii. Daniel Kahikina Akaka (born September 11, 1924) is the junior U The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses This is a list of United States of America States by time zone The Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone observes Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (HST by subtracting ten hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-10) Daylight saving time ( DST The traditional abbreviations for US states and territories were widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U ISO 3166-2US is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United States of America. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The following is a list of symbols of the US State of Hawai'i. This is a list of US state birds as designated by each state's legislature The Hawaiian Goose or Nēnē, Branta sandvicensis, is a Species of Goose endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. This is a list of official and *unofficial US state fish:The only states lacking a state fish as of 2008 are Arkansas Indiana Kansas and Ohio humu­humu­nuku­nuku­āpuaa redirects here For the Rhinecanthus aculeatus of the same name see Lagoon triggerfish. This is a list of US state flowers: See also List of US state trees Lists of U The genus Hibiscus includes some 200 Species, seven of which are regarded as native Hawaiian hibiscus. A state mammal is the official or representative Animal of a U The humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae) is a Baleen Whale. This is a list of official US state reptiles: See also Lists of United States state insignia Gold dust day gecko ( Phelsuma laticauda laticauda ( Boettger, 1880 (syn This List of US state trees includes official trees of the following states and U This is a list of official US state foods: A muffin is somewhat like a small Cake, and though it does resemble a Cupcake in that they both have cylindrical bases and rounded conical tops they usually Not every state has an official state mineral rock stone or gemstone Black coral is a term given to a group of deep water tree-like Coral related to Sea anemone which normally occurs in the Tropics although it is also This list of US state slogans is made up the Advertising slogans currently and formerly used by U Aloha in the Hawaiian language means Affection, Love, Peace, Compassion This is a list of Representative US State Soils. A state soil is a Soil that has special significance to a particular state. Hilo soil is the official state Soil of the state of Hawaii. These soils cover about and are considered prime agricultural land Introduction Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state Hawaii Ponoī is the State song and former National anthem of Hawai{{okina}}i. This is a list of official US state sports as recognized by state legislatures Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Outrigger canoeing is a Sport in which an Outrigger canoe ( vaʻa, waʻa, and waka ama in Tahitian, Hawaiian, This is a list of official US state Tartans: See also Lists of U Highways in the United States are split into at least four different types of systems The 50 State Quarters program ( is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. These are lists of US state insignia as designated by tradition or the respective state legislatures: List of U The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The state was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959, making it the 50th state. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oahu. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U The most recent census puts the state's population at 1,211,537.

This state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which is made up of hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian Niihau ( Hawaiian: Ni‘ihau) is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U Kauai (in standard Hawaiian kauˈaʔi in Kauai- Ni{{okina}}ihau dialect; usually spelled Kauai outside the Hawaiian Islands and ˈkaʊɑɪ or /kaʊˈɑɪ/ Oahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English) known as ''"The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Molokai (also Molokai) is an Island in the Hawaiian archipelago. Lānai (in Hawaiian lɑːnɑʔi is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Kahoolawe is the smallest of the 8 main Volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. The Island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island, is a volcanic Island in the U The last is by far the largest, and is often called the "Big Island" or "Big Isle" to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. This archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over

In standard American English, Hawaii is generally pronounced /həˈwaɪiː/. In the Hawaiian language, it is generally pronounced [həˈwəiʔi] or [həˈvəiʔi]. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical Most residents of Hawaii use the Hawaiian pronunciation (with the glottal stop) in their English. This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter.

Geography

Main article: Hawaiian Islands

Location, topography, and geology

Location of Hawaii

An archipelago situated some 3,200 km (1,988 mi) southwest of the North American mainland,^[2] Hawaii is the southernmost state of the United States and the second westernmost state after Alaska. The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Only Hawaii and Alaska are outside the contiguous United States and do not share a border with any other U. S. state.

Hawaii is the only state of the United States that

• is not geographically located in North America
• is completely surrounded by water
• has a royal palace
• does not have a straight line in its state boundary
• continuously grows in area (due to currently active lava flows, most notably from Kilauea (Kīlauea). Extrusive refers to the mode of Igneous Volcanic rock formation in which hot Magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes onto the surface Kīlauea (kiːlauea is an active Volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five Shield volcanoes that together form the Island of Hawai{{okina}}i )

Map of Hawaii

Na Pali coast, Kauai

Hawaii's tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands at 13,796 ft (4,205 m)^[3] and is taller than Mount Everest if followed to the base of the mountain—on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Mauna Kea is a Dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the Island of Hawaii. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Mount Everest, also called Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा meaning Head of the Sky) or Chomolungma, Qomolangma or Zhumulangma (in ^[4]

All of the Hawaiian islands were formed by volcanos erupting from the sea floor from a magma source described in geological theory as a hotspot. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock In Geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time The theory maintains that as the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in a northwesterly direction, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere This explains why only volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Loihi Seamount (Lōʻihi) deep below the waters off its southern coast, are presently active, with Loihi being the newest volcano to form. Lōihi is a Seamount and undersea Volcano in the Hawaiian archipelago, located at 18

The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island occurred at Haleakala on Maui in the late 18th century, though recent research suggests that Haleakala's most recent eruptive activity could be hundreds of years earlier. Haleakalā or East Maui Volcano is a massive Shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. ^[5]

The volcanic activity and subsequent erosion created impressive geological features. The Big Island is notable as the world’s fifth highest island. This is a list of Islands in the world ordered by their highest point.

Because of the islands' volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the "3 W's": wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and whatever they brought with them). The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropic, has resulted in a vast array of endemic flora and fauna. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time Hawaii has more endangered species per square mile and has lost a higher percentage of its endemic species than anywhere else on Earth.

A NASA satellite composition of the Hawaiian Islands.

Areas under the control and protection of the National Park Service include:

• Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail on the Big Island
• Haleakala National Park in Kula
• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island
• Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Kalaupapa
• Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park in Kailua-Kona
• Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park (Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau) in Honaunau
• Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site (Puʻukoholā) in Kawaihae
• USS Arizona Memorial at Honolulu

Major islands

Niihau	Kauai	O'ahu	Maui
Moloka'i	Lanai	Kaho'olawe	Hawai'i

Climate

A sunset in Hawaii

The climate of Hawaii is typical for a tropical area, although temperatures and humidity tend to be a bit less extreme than other tropical locales due to the constant trade winds blowing from the east. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail is a 175 mile long Trail located on the main island of Hawai'i. Haleakalā National Park is a United States National park located on the island of Maui in the state of Hawaii. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916 is a United States National Park located in the U Puuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawai{{okina}}i in Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located on the northwestern coast of the island of Hawai'i. The USS Arizona Memorial, located at Pearl Harbor Hawai{{okina}}i, marks Niihau ( Hawaiian: Ni‘ihau) is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U Kauai (in standard Hawaiian kauˈaʔi in Kauai- Ni{{okina}}ihau dialect; usually spelled Kauai outside the Hawaiian Islands and ˈkaʊɑɪ or /kaʊˈɑɪ/ Oahu (usually Oahu outside Hawaiian and Hawaiian English) known as ''"The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the The Island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 Molokai (also Molokai) is an Island in the Hawaiian archipelago. Lānai (in Hawaiian lɑːnɑʔi is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Kahoolawe is the smallest of the 8 main Volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island, is a volcanic Island in the U Summer highs are usually in the upper 80s°F, (around 31°C) during the day and mid 70s, (around 24 °C) at night. Winter temperatures during the day are usually in the low to mid 80s, (around 28 °C) and (at low elevation) seldom dipping below the mid 60s (18 °C) at night. Snow, although not usually associated with tropics, falls at the higher elevations of Mauna Kea (13,796 feet/ 4,205 meters) and Mauna Loa on the Big Island in some winter months. Snow only rarely falls on Maui's Haleakala. Mount Waiʻaleʻale (Waiʻaleʻale), on the island of Kauai, is notable for rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, about 460 inches (38 ft. Mount Waialeale (pronounced wai uh-lay uh-lay (literally "rippling water" or "overflowing water" in Hawaiian and also often spelt 4 in. , or 11. 7 m). Most of Hawaii has only two seasons: Summer from May to October, and Winter from October to April. ^[6]

Local climates vary considerably on each island, grossly divisible into windward (Koʻolau) and leeward (Kona) areas based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Kona lows are deep cyclones that form during the cool season of the central Pacific ocean Windward sides face the Northeast Trades and receive much more rainfall; leeward sides are drier and sunnier, with less rain and less cloud cover. This fact is utilized by the tourist industry, which concentrates resorts on sunny leeward coasts.

Main article: List of Hawaii hurricanes

Although hurricanes are a rare occurrence in Hawaii, all main islands have been affected by named hurricanes. A Hawaiian hurricane is a Tropical cyclone that forms in the Pacific Ocean and affects the Hawaiian Islands. The worst hurricane to hit Hawaii was Hurricane Iniki (ʻIniki) in 1992, which showed that Hawaii was indeed vulnerable to a direct hit. Hurricane Iniki (, Hawaiian for strong and piercing wind was the most powerful Hurricane to strike the U

Important towns

Honolulu is the largest city and capital of Hawaii. Hilo (ˈhiːlo is a coastal town in the State of Hawai{{okina}}i. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U Kahului is the largest town on the Hawaiian island of Maui and is located along the north shore of central Maui Līhue (liːhuʔe also spelled Lihue) is a Census-designated place (CDP and the County seat of Kaua{{okina}}i County Hawaii. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U

The movement of the Hawaiian royal family from the island of Hawaii to Maui, and subsequently to Oahu, explains why certain population centers exist where they do today. The largest city, Honolulu, was the one chosen by Kamehameha III as the capital of his kingdom because of the natural harbor there, the present-day Honolulu Harbor. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U Kamehameha III (born Kauikeaouli) ( August 11, 1813 ?&ndash December 15, 1854) was the king of Hawaii from 1824 to 1854 Honolulu Harbor, also called Kulolia and Ke Awa O Kou, is the principal Seaport of Honolulu and the State of

Now the state capital, Honolulu is located along the southeast coast of Oahu. The previous capital was Lahaina, Maui. Lahaina is the largest town and Census-designated place (CDP in West Maui Maui County, Hawaii, United States, and the gateway to the Some major towns are Hilo, Kāne'ohe (Kāneʻohe), Kailua, Pearl City, Waipahu, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Kihei (Kīhei), and Lihue (Līhuʻe). Hilo (ˈhiːlo is a coastal town in the State of Hawai{{okina}}i. Kāneohe is a Census-designated place (CDP included in the City & County of Honolulu and located in Hawai{{okina}}i state District of Koolaupoko on the Kailua is the name of the following places in the US state of Hawaii: Kailua Hawaii County Hawaii Kailua Honolulu County Waipahu is a former sugar plantation town and now Census-designated place (CDP located in the Ewa District on the island of O{{okina}}ahu in the City & County Kahului is the largest town on the Hawaiian island of Maui and is located along the north shore of central Maui Kīhei is a Census-designated place (CDP in Maui County, Hawai{{okina}}i, United States. Līhue (liːhuʔe also spelled Lihue) is a Census-designated place (CDP and the County seat of Kaua{{okina}}i County Hawaii.

Notable features

The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument was proclaimed by President George W. Bush on June 15, 2006, under the 1906 Antiquities Act. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is a US National Monument encompassing of ocean waters and ten islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The monument covers roughly 140,000 square miles (360,000 km²) of reefs, atolls and shallow and deep sea (out to 50 miles (80 km) offshore) in the Pacific Ocean, larger than all of America’s National Parks combined. ^[8]

History

History of Hawaii
Ancient times
Monarchy
Provisional Government
Republic
Territory
State

Main article: History of Hawaii

The earliest habitation supported by archaeological evidence dates to the 4th century, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, followed by a second wave of migration from Raiatea and Bora Bora in the 11th century. The history of Hawai{{okina}}i includes phases of early Polynesian settlement British discovery Euro-American and Asian immigration the overthrow of the Hawaiian Ancient Hawaii refers to the period of Hawaiian history preceding the unification of the Kingdom of Hawai'i by Kamehameha the Great in 1810. The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of O{{okina}}ahu, The Provisional Government of Hawaii was proclaimed on January 17, 1893 by the 13 member Committee of Safety under the leadership of Lorrin The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawai{{okina}}i from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a Republic The Territory of Hawaii, abbreviated officially as TH, was established on July 7, 1898 and dissolved on August 21, 1959 when The history of Hawai{{okina}}i includes phases of early Polynesian settlement British discovery Euro-American and Asian immigration the overthrow of the Hawaiian Somewhat smaller than Tahiti, Raiatea is the second largest of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. Bora Bora is an island in the Leeward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Although the first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook, there is substantial evidence (Stokes 1932) of earlier Spanish, and possibly Irish, visits to Hawaii. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and Hawaii is one of three U. S. States that were independent prior to becoming part of the U. S. : Vermont Republic, 1791; Republic of Texas, 1845; and Hawai`i. The term Vermont Republic has been used by 20th and 21st century writers to describe the period of the U The Republic of Texas was a sovereign Nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to Of these, Hawai`i and Texas were the only ones with formal international diplomatic recognition. ^[9] The Kingdom of Hawaii existed from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown by native born Hawaiians of American ancestry. The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of O{{okina}}ahu, It was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898, when it was annexed by the United States, becoming a territory in 1900, and a state in 1959. ^[10]

Hawaiian antiquity

Main articles: Ancient Hawaii, Hawaiian mythology, and Polynesian mythology

Anthropologists believe that Polynesians from the Marquesas and possibly the Society Islands first populated the Hawaiian Islands at some time between 300 and 500 AD. Ancient Hawaii refers to the period of Hawaiian history preceding the unification of the Kingdom of Hawai'i by Kamehameha the Great in 1810. Hawaiian mythology is a variant of a more general Polynesian mythology. Polynesian mythology is the oral traditions of the people of Polynesia (meaning "many islands" in Greek a grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island There is a great deal of dispute regarding these dates.

Some archaeologists and historians believe that there had been an early settlement from the Marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from Tahiti, circa 1000, who were said to have introduced a new line of high chiefs, the Kapu system, the practice of human sacrifice and the building of heiaus. This later immigration is detailed in folk tales about Paao (Pāʻao). Other authors have argued that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence for a later influx of Tahitian settlers, and that Paao must be regarded as a myth. Since there are still many supporters of the Paao narrative, this topic is still hotly disputed.

Regardless of the question of Paao and the history of the Royal Hawaiian lineage, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called aliis (aliʻi), ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. This was conducted in a system of aliis of various ranks somewhat similar to Feudalism.

European contact

The 1778 arrival of British explorer James Cook is usually taken to be Hawaii’s first contact with European explorers. Cook named the islands the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his sponsors, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. John Montagu 4th Earl of Sandwich, PC, FRS ( 3 November 1718 &ndash 30 April 1792) succeeded his grandfather He published the geographical coordinates of the islands and reported the native name as Owyhee. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical

Cook visited the Hawaiian islands twice. During his second visit—in 1779—he attempted to abduct a Hawaiian chief and hold him as ransom for return of a ship’s boat that was stolen by a different minor chief;^[11] the chief’s supporters fought back, and Cook was killed.

After Cook’s visit and the publication of several books relating his voyages, the Hawaiian islands received many European visitors: explorers, traders, and eventually whalers who found the islands a convenient harbor and source of fresh food. Early British influence can still be seen from the design of the local Flag of Hawaii which has the British Union Flag in the corner. Visitors introduced diseases to the formerly isolated islands, and the Hawaiian population plunged precipitously. American missionaries arrived in 1820 and eventually converted the chiefs and the remaining population to Protestant Christianity. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings

Hawaiian kingdom

Main article: Kingdom of Hawaii

During the 1780s and 1790s the chiefs were constantly fighting for power. The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of O{{okina}}ahu, ^[12] After a series of battles that ended in 1795 and forced cession of the island of Kauai in 1810, all of the inhabited islands were subjugated under a single ruler who would become known as King Kamehameha the Great. Kamehameha I, also known as Kamehameha the Great, (born February 1758 or November 1737 or May 1, 1738 – died May 8, 1819) He established the House of Kamehameha, a dynasty that ruled over the kingdom until 1872. The House of Kamehameha (Hale O Kamehameha, or the Kamehameha Dynasty, was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i

The death of the bachelor King Kamehameha V—who did not name an heir—resulted in the popular election of Lunalilo over Kalakaua (Kalākaua). Kamehameha V — born as Lot Kapuāiwa — reigned as Monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i from 1863 to 1872 Lunalilo I &mdash born William Charles Lunalilo ( January 31, 1835 - February 3, 1874) &mdash was king of the After Lunalilo’s death, in a hotly contested and allegedly fraudulent election by the legislature in 1874 between Kalakaua and Emma (which led to riots and the landing of U. S. and British troops to keep the peace), governance was passed on to the House of Kalākaua. Kalakauapaintingjpg|thumb|200px| David Kalākaua was elected by the legislature to assume the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii upon the death of William Charles Lunalilo.

In 1887, under the influence of Walter M. Gibson, a group of primarily American and European businessmen, including kingdom subjects and members of the Hawaiian government forced Kalākaua to sign the derisively nicknamed "Bayonet Constitution" which stripped the king of administrative authority, eliminated voting rights for Asians and set minimum income and property requirements for American, European and native Hawaiian voters, essentially limiting the electorate to wealthy elite Americans, Europeans and native Hawaiians. Walter Murray Gibson ( March 6, 1822 –1888 was an American Adventurer and a government minister in the Hawaiian Kingdom prior to the kingdom's Kalākaua I, born as David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch ( November 16, 1836 The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority disenfranchising most of the native population and initiating a transfer King Kalakaua reigned until his death in 1891. His sister, Liliuokalani (Liliʻuokalani), succeeded him to the throne and ruled until her overthrow in 1893. Liliuokalani ( September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) born Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha, was the last

Kamehameha I	Kamehameha II	Kamehameha III	Kamehameha IV
Kamehameha V	Lunalilo	Kalākaua	Liliʻuokalani

Overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy

Ship's landing force on duty at the Arlington Hotel, Honolulu, at the time of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, January 1893. Kamehameha I, also known as Kamehameha the Great, (born February 1758 or November 1737 or May 1, 1738 – died May 8, 1819) Kamehameha II (1797 - 1824 was the second king of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. Kamehameha III (born Kauikeaouli) ( August 11, 1813 ?&ndash December 15, 1854) was the king of Hawaii from 1824 to 1854 Kamehameha IV, born Alexander Iolani Liholiho Keawenui, reigned as the fourth king of the united Kingdom of Hawai‘i from 11 January 1855 to Kamehameha V — born as Lot Kapuāiwa — reigned as Monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i from 1863 to 1872 Lunalilo I &mdash born William Charles Lunalilo ( January 31, 1835 - February 3, 1874) &mdash was king of the Kalākaua I, born as David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch ( November 16, 1836 Liliuokalani ( September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) born Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha, was the last Lieutenant Lucien Young, USN, commanded the detachment, and is presumably the officer at right. ^[13]

Main article: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom

In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani announced plans to establish a new constitution that would have replaced the so-called "Bayonet Constitution" that was established during the reign of King Kalakaua by American and European residents under threat of violence. Until the 1890s the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i was an independent sovereign state recognized by the United States the United Kingdom France Japan and Germany The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority disenfranchising most of the native population and initiating a transfer Kalākaua I, born as David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch ( November 16, 1836 The new constitution would have restored much power to the monarchy, but this was opposed by (mainly foreign) business elites. On January 14, 1893, a group of American and Europeans formed a Committee of Safety in opposition to the Queen, and seized control of government. United States Government Minister John L. Stevens, responding to a request from the Committee of Safety expressing concern about possible violence directed against American citizens, summoned a company of uniformed U. John Leavitt Stevens ( August 1, 1820 &ndash February 8, 1895) was the United States Department of State Minister to the S. Marines to come ashore to enforce neutrality. As one historian noted, the presence of these troops effectively made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself. ^[14]

The overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani was successful and the monarchy ended in January 1893. It was replaced by a Provisional Government composed of members of the Committee of Safety. There was much controversy in the following years as the queen tried to regain her throne. The administration of President Grover Cleveland commissioned the Blount Report, which concluded that the overthrow of Liliʻuokalani was illegal. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. The Blount Report is the popular name given to the part of the 1893 United States House of Representatives Foreign Relations Committee Report regarding the overthrow The U. S. Government first demanded that Queen Liliʻuokalani be reinstated, but the Provisional Government refused. Congress responded to Cleveland's referral with another investigation, and submitted the Morgan Report by the U. The Morgan Report was an 1894 report concluding an official U S. Senate on February 26, 1894, which found all parties (including Minister Stevens) with the exception of the queen "not guilty" from any responsibility for the overthrow. ^[15] The accuracy and impartiality of both the Blount and Morgan reports has been questioned by partisans on both sides of the historical debate over the events of 1893. ^{[16][17][18][19]}

In 1993, a joint Apology Resolution regarding the overthrow was passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton, apologizing for the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. ^[19]

Republic of Hawaii

Main article: Republic of Hawaii

ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawai{{okina}}i from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a Republic Iolani Palace, situated in the capitol district of Downtown Honolulu in the U Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U

The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands Resolution in Congress in which the Republic was annexed to the United States and became the Territory of Hawaii on July 7, 1898. The Provisional Government of Hawaii was proclaimed on January 17, 1893 by the 13 member Committee of Safety under the leadership of Lorrin The Newlands Resolution, named after United States Congressman Francis G The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The Territory of Hawaii, abbreviated officially as TH, was established on July 7, 1898 and dissolved on August 21, 1959 when

U. S. Territory

Main article: Territory of Hawaii

When William McKinley won the presidential election in November of 1896, the question of Hawaii’s annexation to the U. The Territory of Hawaii, abbreviated officially as TH, was established on July 7, 1898 and dissolved on August 21, 1959 when William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last S. was again opened. The previous president, Grover Cleveland, was a friend of Queen Liliuokalani. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. He had remained opposed to annexation until the end of his term, but McKinley was open to persuasion by U. S. expansionists and by annexationists from Hawaii. He agreed to meet with a committee of annexationists from Hawaii, Lorrin Thurston, Francis Hatch and William Kinney. Lorrin Andrews Thurston (1857–1931 was a lawyer born and raised in the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i who published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (forerunner After negotiations, in June of 1897, McKinley agreed to a treaty of annexation with these representatives of the Republic of Hawaii. ^[20] The president then submitted the treaty to the U. S. Senate for approval.

Despite some opposition in the islands, the Newlands Resolution was passed by the House June 15, 1898, by a vote of 209 to 91, and by the Senate on July 6, 1898, by a vote of 42 to 21, annexing Hawaii as a U. S. territory. Its legality continues to be questioned because it was a United States Government resolution, not a treaty of cession or conquest as is required by international law. Both houses of the American Congress carried the measure with two-thirds majorities.

In 1900, Hawaii was granted self-governance and retained ʻIolani Palace as the territorial capitol building. Iolani Palace, situated in the capitol district of Downtown Honolulu in the U Though several attempts were made to achieve statehood, Hawaii remained a territory for sixty years. Plantation owners, such as the Big Five, found territorial status convenient, enabling them to continue importing cheap foreign labor; such immigration was prohibited in various states of the U. The Big Five is the name given to a group of former Sugarcane Corporations that wielded considerable political power in the S.

The power of the plantation owners was finally broken by activist descendants of original immigrant laborers. Because they were born in a U. S. territory, they were legal U. S. citizens. Expecting to gain full voting rights, they actively campaigned for statehood for the Hawaiian Islands.

State of Hawaii

Main article: Hawaii Admission Act

All representative districts voted at least 93% in favor of Admission acts. The Admission Act, formally An Act to Provide for the Admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union ( enacted 1959-03-18) is a statute Ballot (inset) and referendum results for the Admission Act of 1959.

In March 1959, both houses of Congress passed the Hawaii Admission Act and U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed it into law. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general (The act excluded Palmyra Atoll, part of the Kingdom and Territory of Hawaii, from the new state. Palmyra Atoll is an incorporated Atoll administered by the United States government. ) On June 27 of that year, a referendum was held asking residents of Hawaii to vote on accepting the statehood bill. Hawaii voted at a ratio of 17 to 1 to accept. There has been criticism, however, of the Statehood plebiscite, because the only choices were to accept the Act or to remain a territory, without addressing the issues of legality surrounding the overthrow. ^[21][22][23] Despite the criticism, the United Nations decolonization committee later removed Hawaii from the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Decolonization refers to the undoing of Colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction The United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories documents countries that according to the United Nations, are non- decolonized.

After statehood, Hawaii quickly became a modern state with a construction boom and rapidly growing economy. The Hawaii Republican Party, which was strongly supported by the plantation owners, was voted out of office. The Hawaii Republican Party is the state affiliate of the Republican Party of the United States. In its place, the Democratic Party of Hawaii dominated state politics for forty years. The Democratic Party of Hawaii is an arm of the Democratic Party of the United States.

In recent decades, the state government has implemented programs to promote Hawaiian culture. The Hawaii State Constitutional Convention of 1978 incorporated as state constitutional law specific programs such as the creation of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to promote the indigenous Hawaiian language and culture. The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention is regarded to be the watershed political event in the modern State of Hawai{{okina}}i. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, also popularly known by its acronym OHA, is a semi-autonomous entity of the state of Hawaii charged with the administration of

Demographics

As of 2005, Hawaii has an estimated population of 1,275,194, which is an increase of 13,070, or 1. 0%, from the prior year and an increase of 63,657, or 5. 3%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 48,111 people (that is 96,028 births minus 47,917 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 16,956 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 30,068 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,112 people. The center of population of Hawaii is located directly between the two islands of Oahu and Molokai. ^[24]

Hawaii has a de facto population of over 1. 3 million due to military presence and tourists. Oahu, which is nicknamed "The Gathering Place", is the most populous island (and the one with the highest population density), with a resident population of just under one million in 597 square miles (1,546 km²), about 1,650 people per square mile (for comparison, New Jersey, which has 8,717,925 people in 7,417 square miles (19,210 km²) is the most-densely populated state with 1,134 people per square mile. )^[25] Hawaii's 1,275,194 people, spread over 6,423 square miles (including many unpopulated islands) results in an average population density of 188. 6 persons per square mile,^[26] which makes Hawaii less densely populated than states like Ohio and Illinois. ^[27]

The average projected lifespan of those born in Hawaii in the year 2000 is 79. 8 years (77. 1 years if male, 82. 5 if female), longer than the residents of any other state. ^[28]

U. S. military personnel make up approximately 1. 3% of the total population in the islands.

Ethnicities

Further information: Europeans in Oceania

Ethnically, Hawaii is one of only four states in which non-Hispanic whites do not form a majority, and has the largest percentage of Asian Americans. European exploration and settlement of Oceania began in the 16th Century, starting with Spanish landings and shipwrecks in the Marianas Islands Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Hawaii was the second majority-minority state in the United States. For the use of the term minority-majority in the United Kingdom, see here Minority-majority state is a term used to describe a Both Hawaii and New Mexico have been majority-minority regions since the early 20th century, but New Mexico became a state before Hawaii. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Hawaii also has the largest percentage of persons of mixed race, who constitute some 20% of the total population. The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. ^[29]

Ancestry groups

The largest ancestry groups in Hawaii are:

Population Of Hawaii

Ancestry	Percentage	Main article:
Japanese	(16. The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. 7%) of Total	See Japanese American
Polynesian	(16%)	See Native Hawaiians
Filipino	(14. are Americans of Japanese heritage Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over "Kanaka" redirects here For the Tamil actress see Kanaka (actress. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP 1%)	See Filipino American
German	(5. Filipino Americans are Americans of Philippine ancestry which trace back to the Philippines, an archipelagic nation in Southeast Asia. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 8%)	See German American
Chinese	(4. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National 7%)	See Chinese American
Irish	(4. Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world 4%)	See Irish American
British (England)	(4. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 3%)	See English American
Portuguese	(4. English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo -Americans although this may have a wider cultural meaning are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. 0%)	See Portuguese American
Puerto Ricans	(2. Portuguese Americans are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in the southwest European nation of Portugal, including the Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} 5%)	See Puerto Rican
Korean	(1. Puerto Ricans in the United States (also referred to as the "Puerto Rican Diaspora," " Nuyorican " "Stateside Puerto Ricans" "mainland Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. 9%)	See Korean American
African	(1. Korean Americans ( Korean: ko 한국계 미국인 Hanja: ko 韓國系美國人 hangukgye migugin) are Americans of Korean origin 8%)	See African American
Italian	(1. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest 8%)	See Italian American
Mexican	(1. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. 6%)	See Mexican American
French	(1. See also History of Mexican-Americans Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican ancestry This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 5%)	See French American
British (other or unspecified)	(1. French Americans or Franco-Americans are citizens or permanent residents of the United States of French descent The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 4%)	See British American
Scottish	(1. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. 1%)	See Scottish American

Hawaii Ancestry

Hawaii population density map

The third group of foreigners to arrive upon Hawaii’s shores, after the Polynesians and Europeans, were the Chinese. Scottish Americans or Scots Americans are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in Scotland. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Chinese employees serving on Western trading ships disembarked and settled starting in 1789. In 1820 the first American missionaries arrived in Hawaii to preach Christianity and teach the Hawaiians what the missionaries considered "civilized" ways. A large proportion of Hawaii’s population has become a people of Asian ancestry (especially Chinese, Japanese and Filipino) many of whom are descendants from those waves of early foreign immigrants brought to the islands in the nineteenth century, beginning in the 1850s, to work on the sugar plantations. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent are Americans of Japanese heritage Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group Filipino Americans are Americans of Philippine ancestry which trace back to the Philippines, an archipelagic nation in Southeast Asia. The first 153 Japanese immigrants arrived in Hawaii on June 19, 1868. The are the dominant Ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent of these approximately 127 million are residents of Japan They were not "legally" approved by the Japanese government established after the Meiji Restoration because the contract was between a broker and the Tokugawa shogunate, by then terminated. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The first Japanese government-approved immigrants arrived in Hawaii on February 9, 1885 after Kalakaua's petition to Emperor Meiji when Kalakaua visited Japan in 1881. The (3 November 1852 — 30 July 1912 or Meiji the Great was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession reigning from 3 February

Almost 13,000 Portuguese had come to Hawaii by 1899. Portuguese Americans are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in the southwest European nation of Portugal, including the They worked on the sugar plantations, as many had done previously. By October 17, 1901, 5,000 Puerto Ricans had made their new homes on the four islands. Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii began when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two Hurricanes in 1899 Currently, there are over 30,000 Puerto Ricans or Hawaiian-Puerto Ricans and almost 50,000 Hawaiian-Portuguese living in Hawaii.

Religion

Religion/Adherents (Percent of Population)
Christian/351,000 (28. 9%)
Buddhist/110,000 (9%)
Jewish/10,000 (0. 8%)
Other*/750,000 (61. 1%)

Other includes: agnostic or atheist, unaffiliated, Bahá'í, Confucian, Daoist, Druid, Hawaiian, Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Shinto, Scientologist, Unitarian, Wiccan, Zoroastrian, etc.

Sources

• State of Hawaii Data Book 2000, Section 1 Population, Table 1.47
• Glenmary Research Center
• Honolulu Advertiser

Languages

Main article: Hawaiian language

The State of Hawaii has two official languages recognized in its constitution adopted at the 1978 constitutional convention: English and Hawaiian. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical The Constitution of the State of Hawaiʻi refers to various legal documents throughout the history of the Hawaiian Islands that defined the fundamental principles of authority The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention is regarded to be the watershed political event in the modern State of Hawai{{okina}}i. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical Article XV, Section 4, specifies that "Hawaiian shall be required for public acts and transactions only as provided by law" [italic added]. Hawaii Creole English (locally referred to as 'Pidgin') is the native dialect of many born-and-raised residents and is a second dialect for many other residents. Hawaii Pidgin English, Hawaii Creole English, HCE, or simply Pidgin, is a Creole language based in part on English After English, the second-, third- and fourth-most spoken individual languages are Tagalog (most are bilingual in Wikang Filipino), Japanese, and Ilokano respectively. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page Significant European immigrants and descendants also speak their native languages; the most numerous are Spanish, German, Portuguese and French. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

As of the 2000 Census, 73. 44% of Hawaii residents age 5 and older speak only English at home. Tagalog speakers make up 5. 37% (which includes non-native speakers of Wikang Filipino, the national co-official Tagalog-based language), followed by Japanese at 4. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. 96%, Ilokano at 4. To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page 05%, Chinese at 1. 92%, Hawaiian at 1. 68%, Spanish at 1. 66%, Korean at 1. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system 61%, and Samoan at 1. The Sāmoan or Samoan language is the traditional language of Samoa and American Samoa and is an official language &mdash alongside English 01%. ^[30]

Origin of Hawaiian

Hawaiian is a member of the Polynesian branch of the Austronesian family. The Polynesian languages are a Language family spoken in the region known as Polynesia. It began to develop around 1000 A. D. , when Marquesans or Tahitians of that era colonized Hawaii. Those Polynesians remained in the islands, thereby becoming the Hawaiian people. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical Consequently, their language developed into the Hawaiian language.

Before the arrival of Captain James Cook, the Hawaiian language was never written. The written form of Hawaiian was developed mainly by American Protestant missionaries during 1820–1826. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. They assigned letters from the Latin alphabet that corresponded to the Hawaiian sounds.

Revival of Hawaiian

Interest in the Hawaiian language increased significantly in the late 20th century. With the help of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, created by the 1978 constitutional convention, specially designated Hawaiian language immersion schools were established where students would be taught in all subjects using Hawaiian. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, also popularly known by its acronym OHA, is a semi-autonomous entity of the state of Hawaii charged with the administration of Also, the University of Hawaii System developed a Hawaiian language graduate studies program. The University of Hawaii, formally the University of Hawaii System and popularly known as UH, is a public co-educational college and university system that confers Municipal codes were altered in favor of Hawaiian place and street names for new civic developments.

Note on Hawaiian language spellings

In this article, modern Hawaiian-language spellings are provided in italics, within parentheses, at the initial appearance of the word.

Hawaiian distinguishes between long and short vowels. In modern written Hawaiian, vowel length can be indicated with a macron (kahakō). A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical

Also, Hawaiian has the glottal stop as a consonant. This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter. In writing, it can be indicated with the apostrophe, or with the opening single quote (ʻokina). The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical

In Hawaiian-language newspapers published from 1834–1948, the spelling Hawaii was used. However, in texts written mainly for Hawaiian-language pedagogy, especially since 1950, the modern Hawaiian-language spelling used is Hawaiʻi, with an okina written between the final two vowels. The modern spelling is pushed mainly by teachers of Hawaiian language at the University of Hawaii. However, traditional native speakers of Hawaiian generally never use okinas nor kahakos in their own writing. For this reason, some teachers of Hawaiian language, such as NeSmith, are advocating greater appreciation for the traditional native spellings with no okinas nor kahakos.

"Pidgin"

Many residents speak Hawaii Creole English (HCE), often called "pidgin". Hawaii Pidgin English, Hawaii Creole English, HCE, or simply Pidgin, is a Creole language based in part on English A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade The lexicon of HCE derives mainly from English but also has words from Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese, Ilocano and Tagalog from the Philippines and Portuguese. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP During the 19th century, there was a great increase in immigration from foreign countries (mainly China, Japan, Portugal—especially from the Azores archipelago—and Spain), and a pidgin English developed which by the early 20th century became a creole English, as pidgin speakers had children who acquired the pidgin as their own native language.

HCE speakers can use some Hawaiian words without those words being considered archaic. Most place names are retained from Hawaiian, as are some names for plants or animals. For example, tuna fish are often called "ahi". Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. HCE speakers have modified the meanings of certain English words. For example, the terms "auntie" and "uncle" can be used to refer to any adult who is a friend, or a friend to the family. It is also used as a sign of respect for elders. Throughout the surfing boom in Hawaii, HCE has influenced surfer slang. Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Some HCE expressions, such as brah and da kine, have found their way to other places.

Certain words can be dropped if their meaning is implicit. For example, instead of saying "It is hot today, isn't it?", an HCE speaker is likely to say simply "stay hot, eh?"

Debates

A somewhat divisive political issue that has arisen since the constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as a second official state language is the exact spelling of the state’s name in official documents. As prescribed in the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the federal government recognizes Hawaii to be the official state name. The Admission Act, formally An Act to Provide for the Admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union ( enacted 1959-03-18) is a statute

Official government publications, as well as department and office titles, use the traditional Hawaiian spelling, that is, with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length. In contrast, some private entities, including a local newspaper, are using such symbols.

The title of the state constitution is "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii". In Article XV therein, Section 1 uses "The State of Hawaii", Section 2 "the island of Oahu", Section 3 "The Hawaiian flag", and Section 5 specifies the state motto as "Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono". Since these documents predate the modern use of the ʻokina and the kahakō in Hawaiian orthography, the disputed spelling conventions were not used in these cases. Encoding and displaying the Polynesian glottal Old conventions In plain ASCII the glottal is sometimes represented by the apostrophe character (' A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally

The nuances in the Hawaiian language debate are often not obvious or well-appreciated among English speakers outside Hawaii. The issue has often been a source of friction in situations where correct naming conventions are mandated, as people frequently disagree over which spelling is correct or incorrect, and where it is correctly or incorrectly applied.

See also: Hawaiian language#Orthography (writing system)

Education

Main article: Hawai'i Department of Education

Hawaii is currently the only state in the union with a unified school system statewide. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical The Hawaii State Department of Education is the most centralized and only statewide public education system in the United States. Policy decisions are made by the fourteen-member state Board of Education, with thirteen members elected for four-year terms and one non-voting student member. The Board of Education sets statewide educational policy and hires the state superintendent of schools, who oversees the operations of the state Department of Education. The Department of Education is also divided into seven districts, four on Oahu and one for each of the other counties.

The structure of the state Department of Education has been a subject of discussion and controversy in recent years. The main rationale for the current centralized model is equity in school funding and distribution of resources: leveling out inequalities that would exist between highly populated Oahu and the more rural Neighbor Islands, and between lower-income and more affluent areas of the state. This system of school funding differs from many localities in the United States where schools are funded from local property taxes.

Policy initiatives have been made in recent years toward decentralization. Current Republican Governor Linda Lingle is a proponent of replacing the current statewide board with seven elected district boards. The Democratic-controlled state legislature opposed her proposal, instead favoring expansion of decision-making power to the schools and giving schools more discretion over budgeting. Political debate on structural reform is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.

Schools and academies

As stated above, the Hawaii State Department of Education operates all of the public schools in the State of Hawaii.

Hawaii has the distinction of educating more students in independent institutions of secondary education than any other state in the United States. It also has four of the largest independent schools: Iolani School, Kamehameha Schools, Mid-Pacific Institute, and Punahou School, Saint Louis High School, and Maryknoll School. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and Iolani redirects here For the palace see ʻIolani Palace. History Early years On December 16, 1861 Kamehameha Schools, formerly called Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estate, is a private Co-educational college-preparatory institution in Hawai{{okina}}i Notable alumni Keiko Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private Co-educational, Nonsectarian College preparatory school located in Honolulu The second Buddhist high school in the United States, and first Buddhist high school in Hawaii, Pacific Buddhist Academy, was founded in 2003. (The first Buddhist high school in the United States was Developing Virtue Secondary School founded in 1981 in Ukiah, California. Developing Virtue Secondary School ( DVS,) is a private Buddhist school located in the town of Talmage California, and also the first Buddhist )

Both independent and charter schools can select their students, while the regular public schools must take all students in their district. For a comprehensive list of independent schools, see the list of independent schools in Hawaii. For a comprehensive list of public schools, see the list of public schools in Hawaii.

The Kamehameha Schools are especially notable for being the only schools in the United States that openly grant admission to students based on ancestry and the wealthiest schools in the United States, if not the world, having the support of over nine billion US dollars in estate assets. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been

Colleges and universities

Graduates of institutions of secondary learning in Hawaii often either enter directly into the work force or attend colleges and universities. While many choose to attend colleges and universities on the mainland or elsewhere, most choose to attend one of many institutions of higher learning in Hawaii.

The largest of these institutions is the University of Hawaii System. The University of Hawaii, formally the University of Hawaii System and popularly known as UH, is a public co-educational college and university system that confers It consists of: (1) the flagship research university at Manoa (Mānoa); (2) two comprehensive campuses Hilo and West Oahu; and (7) seven Community Colleges. The University of Hawaii at Mānoa is a public co-educational University and is the flagship campus of the greater University of Hawai{{okina}}i system. universityofhawaiisystemsmallsealjpg|right|Seal of the University of Hawai'i System]] The University of Hawaii at Hilo is one of ten branches of the University of Hawai{{okina}}i The University of Hawai`i-West O`ahu, is a public university and one of ten branches of the University of Hawaii system Students choosing private education attend Brigham Young University Hawaii, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii Pacific University, or University of the Nations. Brigham Young University-Hawaii (BYUH is a private undergraduate co-educational University in Lā'ie Hawai'i, USA (thirty-five miles from Honolulu Chaminade University of Honolulu is a private coeducational University in Honolulu Hawai'i. Hawaii Pacific University (also known as HPU) is a private coeducational University in Honolulu Hawaii, founded in 1965 as Hawaii Pacific College by Paul The University of the Nations (U of N is a Christian University providing coursework in over 50 languages at over 300 locations throughout the world

The Saint Stephen Diocesan Center is a seminary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. Saint Stephen Seminary was a diocesan minor Seminary staffed by the Sulpician Fathers in the diocese of Honolulu that closed in 1970 A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students The Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, officially in Latin Dioecesis Honoluluensis, is an ecclesiastical territory or Particular church of the Catholic For a comprehensive list of colleges and universities, see the list of colleges and universities in Hawaii.

Problems

It has been challenging for educators to learn what constitutes effective instruction for the large populations of children of non-native English-speaking immigrants, whose cultures are often different in many ways from that of the mainland U. S. , whence most of the course materials come, and where most of the standards for schools are set.

The public elementary, middle, and high school scores in Hawaii tend to be below average on national tests as mandated under the No Child Left Behind Act. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-110 often abbreviated in print as NCLB and sometimes shortened in pronunciation to "nickelbee" is a controversial Some of this can be attributed to the Hawaii State Board of Education requiring all eligible students to take these tests and reporting all student test scores unlike, for example, Texas and Michigan. Results reported in August 2005 indicate that two-thirds of Hawaii’s schools failed to reach federal minimum performance standards in math and reading (of 282 schools across the state, 185 failed). ^[31]

On the other hand, results of the ACT college placement tests show that Hawaii class of 2005 seniors scored slightly above the national average (21. The ACT is a standardized achievement Examination for college admissions in the United States produced by ACT Inc 9 compared with 20. 9) (Honolulu Advertiser, August 17, 2005, p. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.  B1). It should be noted that fewer students take the ACT examination than take the more widely accepted SAT examination. The SAT Reasoning Test (formerly Scholastic Aptitude Test and Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardized test for College admissions in the On the SAT, Hawaii’s college bound seniors tend to score below the national average in all categories except math.

Economy

See also: Hawaii locations by per capita income

The history of Hawaii can be traced through a succession of dominating industries: sandalwood, whaling, sugarcane, pineapple, military, tourism, and education. Hawai'i has the eighteenth highest Per capita income in the United States of America, at $21525 (2000 For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" for the film industry in India see Cinema of Karnataka Sandalwood is the name for several fragrant Woods and their Essential Whaling is the hunting of Whales and dates back to at least 6000 BC Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Since statehood was achieved in 1959, tourism has been the largest industry in Hawaii, contributing 24. 3% of the Gross State Product (GSP) in 1997. New efforts are underway to diversify the economy. The total gross output for the state in 2003 was US$47 billion; per capita income for Hawaii residents was US$30,441.

Industrial exports from Hawaii include food processing and apparel. These industries play a small role in the Hawaii economy, however, due to the considerable shipping distance to the ports and population of the West Coast of the United States. Food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, and sugarcane. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Macadamia is a Genus of nine Species of Flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, with a Disjunct distribution native Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Agricultural sales for 2002, according to the Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, were US$370. 9 million from diversified agriculture, US$100. 6 million from pineapple, and US$64. 3 million from sugarcane.

Hawaii is known for its relatively high per capita state tax burden. In the years 2002 and 2003, Hawaii residents had the highest state tax per capita at US$2,757 and US$2,838, respectively. This rate can be explained partly by the fact that services such as education, health care and social services are all rendered at the state level, as opposed to the municipal level in all other states.

Millions of tourists contribute to the collection figure by paying the general excise tax and hotel room tax; thus not all the taxes collected come directly from residents. Excise or Excise tax (sometimes called an excise duty) is a type of Tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to Customs duties Business leaders, however, have often considered the state's tax burden as being too high, contributing to both higher prices and the perception of an unfriendly business climate. ^[32] See the list of businesses in Hawaii for more information on commerce in the state.

Until recently, Hawaii was the only state in the U. S. that attempted to control gasoline prices through a Gas Cap Law. The Hawaii Gas Cap Law is a legal limit on Wholesale Gasoline prices or the maximum amount that may be charged for producing gasoline and delivering it The law was enacted during a period when oil profits in Hawaii in relation to the mainland U. S. were under scrutiny, and sought to tie local gasoline prices to those of the mainland. The law took effect in September 2005 amid price fluctuations caused by Hurricane Katrina. The Hawaii state legislature suspended the law in April 2006.

Health care system

A notable (and much-discussed) aspect of Hawaiian government and economy is its health care system, which insures over 95% of residents. Under the state's plan, all businesses are required to provide employees who work more than twenty hours per week with health care. Heavy regulation of insurance companies helps keep the cost to employers down. In addition, due in part to the system's emphasis on preventive care, Hawaiians require hospital treatment less frequently than their counterparts in the rest of the United States, while total health care expenses (measured as a percentage of state GDP) are substantially lower. Given these achievements, proponents of universal health care elsewhere in the U. Universal health care is health care coverage which is extended to all eligible residents of a governmental region S. have sometimes used Hawaii as a model for proposed federal and state health care plans. Critics, however, note that Hawaii's success is due at least in part to its mild climate and to its status as a chain of islands whose economy is heavily based on tourism: features that make it more difficult for businesses unhappy with paying the plan's premiums to relocate elsewhere. ^[33]

Law and government

See also: United States presidential election in Hawaii, 2004

The state government of Hawaii is modeled after the federal government with adaptations originating from the kingdom era of Hawaiian history. As codified in the Constitution of Hawaii, there are three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. The Constitution of the State of Hawaiʻi refers to various legal documents throughout the history of the Hawaiian Islands that defined the fundamental principles of authority

The executive branch is led by the Governor of Hawaii and assisted by the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii, both elected on the same ticket. The Governor of Hawaii, also called Ke Kiaaina o Hawaii, is the chief executive of the State of Hawai{{okina}}i and its various agencies The Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii, concurrently the Secretary of State of Hawaii, is the assistant chief executive of that U The governor, in residence at the grounds of Washington Place, is the only public official elected for the state government in a statewide race; all other administrators and judges are appointed by the governor. Washington Place is a Greek Revival home in the Capital District in Honolulu Hawai{{okina}}i It was where Queen Liliuokalani was arrested during the overthrow The lieutenant governor is concurrently the Secretary of State of Hawaii. Secretary of State is a commonly used title for a Government Official. Both the governor and lieutenant governor administer their duties from the Hawaii State Capitol. The Hawaii State Capitol is the official statehouse or capitol building of Hawaii in the United States. The governor and lieutenant governor oversee the major agencies and departments of the executive of which there are twenty.

The legislative branch consists of the Hawaii Legislature—the twenty-five members of the Hawaii Senate led by the President of the Senate and the fifty-one members of the Hawaii House of Representatives led by the Speaker of the House. The Hawaii State Legislature is the state legislature of the U The Hawaii State Senate is the upper chamber of the Hawai{{okina}}i State Legislature which governs from Honolulu Hawai{{okina}}i, USA. The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer speaker or chairman of a Senate. The Hawaii House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Hawai{{okina}}i State Legislature. The term speaker is a title often given to the presiding officer of a legislative body They also govern from the Hawaii State Capitol. The judicial branch is led by the highest state court, the Hawaii State Supreme Court, which uses Aliiolani Hale (Aliʻiōlani Hale) as its chambers. The Hawaii State Supreme Court is the highest court of the State of Hawaii in the United States. Aliiōlani Hale is a building located in Downtown Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i, currently used as the home of the Hawai{{okina}}i State Supreme Court. Lower courts are organized as the Hawai'i State Judiciary. The Hawaii State Judiciary is the official name of the judicial system of Hawai{{okina}}i in the United States.

The state is represented in the United States Congress by a delegation of four members. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses These are tables of congressional delegations from Hawaii to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. They are the senior and junior United States Senators, the representative of Hawaii's 1st congressional district and the representative of Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Many Hawaii residents have been appointed to administer other agencies and departments of the federal government by the President of the United States. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by All federal officers of Hawaii administer their duties locally from the Prince Kuhio Federal Building (Kūhiō) near the Aloha Tower and Honolulu Harbor. The Prince Kūhiō Federal Building, formally the Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaole Federal Building and United States Courthouse, is the official seat of the United States The Aloha Tower is a lighthouse that is considered one of the premier landmarks of the state of Hawaii in the United States. Honolulu Harbor, also called Kulolia and Ke Awa O Kou, is the principal Seaport of Honolulu and the State of

Hawaii has supported Democrats in 10 of the 12 presidential elections in which it has participated with the exception of 1972 and 1984. The United States presidential election of 1972 was waged on the issues of radicalism and the Vietnam War. The United States presidential election of 1984 was a contest between the incumbent President Ronald Reagan, the Republican candidate and former Vice President In 2004, John Kerry won the state’s 4 electoral votes by a margin of 9 percentage points with 54% of the vote. Every county in the state supported the Democratic candidate. In 1964, favorite son candidate, Senator Hiram Fong of Hawaii sought the presidential nomination of the Republican Party while Patsy Mink ran in the Oregon primary in 1972. A favorite son (or a favorite daughter) is a political term that can refer to two different types of Politicians A politician whose electoral Hiram Leong Fong ( 鄺[[wikt 友|友]] 良; Pinyin: Kuàng Yǒuliáng formally Yau Leong Fong ( October 15, 1906 – Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In the 2008 election, Honolulu native Barack Obama, serving as United States Senator from Illinois has received enough delegates to clinch the nomination of the Democratic Party. The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Obama won the Hawaiian Democratic Caucus on February 19, 2008 with 76% of the vote. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Obama is the third Hawaiian-born candidate to seek the nomination of a major party and the first presidential nominee to be from Hawaii.

The Prince Kuhio Federal Building also houses agencies of the federal government such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service and the United States Secret Service. The The building is the site of the federal courts and the offices of the United States Attorney for the District of Hawaii, principal police officer of the United States Department of Justice in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii. The United States Attorney for the District of Hawaii &mdash also known as the United States Attorney and U A police officer (also known as a policeman or policewoman) is a warranted employee of a Police force. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department The United States District Court for the District of Hawaii is the principal Trial court of the United States Federal Court System in the state of

Linda Lingle Governor (Republican)	James Aiona Lieutenant Governor (Republican)	Daniel Inouye U. Linda Lingle (born Linda Cutter on June 4 1953) has been Governor of Hawaii since December 2 2002. James R "Duke" Aiona Jr (born June 8, 1955) is the current Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Hawaii. S. Senator (Democrat)	Daniel Akaka U. Daniel Kahikina Akaka (born September 11, 1924) is the junior U S. Senator (Democrat)
Neil Abercrombie U. Neil Abercrombie (born June 26, 1938) is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Hawaii's 1st congressional S. Representative (Democrat)	Mazie Hirono U. is an American politician She was the second Asian Immigrant elected Lieutenant governor of a state of the United States. S. Representative (Democrat)	Harry Kim Mayor of Hawaii (Nonpartisan)	Mufi Hannemann Mayor of Honolulu (Nonpartisan)

Unique to Hawaii is the way it has organized its municipal governments. For other uses of the name Harry Kim see the disambiguation page Harry Kim. Muliufi Francis "Mufi" Hannemann is an American politician and currently the Mayor of Honolulu. There are no incorporated cities in Hawaii except Honolulu County. The City and County of Honolulu is a combined city-county jurisdiction located in the U All other municipal governments are administered at the county level. A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision The county executives are the Mayor of Hawaii, Mayor of Honolulu, Mayor of Kauai and Mayor of Maui. The Mayor of Hawaii is the Chief executive officer of the County of Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. The Mayor of Honolulu is the chief executive officer of the City and County of Honolulu and considered the third most powerful official in the U The Mayor of Kauai is the Chief executive officer of the County of Kaua{{okina}}i in the state of Hawai{{okina}}i. The Mayor of Maui is the Chief executive officer of the County of Maui in the state of Hawaii. All mayors in the state are elected in nonpartisan races. In Political science, nonpartisan denotes an Election, event or organization in which the participants declare or do not formally have a Political party

The officers of the federal and state governments have been historically elected from the Democratic Party of Hawaii and the Hawaii Republican Party. The Democratic Party of Hawaii is an arm of the Democratic Party of the United States. The Hawaii Republican Party is the state affiliate of the Republican Party of the United States. Municipal charters in the state have declared all mayors to be elected in nonpartisan races. In Political science, nonpartisan denotes an Election, event or organization in which the participants declare or do not formally have a Political party

Transportation

By road

Hawaii has four federal highways: H-1, H-2, H-3, and H-201, all located on Oahu and all part of the Interstate Highway System. Interstate H-1 (abbreviated H-1) is the busiest Interstate highway in Hawaii, United States, located on the island of O‘ahu. Interstate H-2 (abbreviated H-2) is an intrastate Interstate highway located on the island of O‘ahu in Hawai‘i, USA Interstate H-3 (abbreviated H-3) is an intrastate Interstate highway located on the island of O‘ahu in the state of Hawai‘i, United Interstate H-201 ( H-201) is an auxiliary Interstate highway located on the island of O‘ahu in the U The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) With the exception of H-201, which begins and ends on H-1, all the highways have at least one end point at or near a current or former military installation. A system of state highways encircles the other main islands as well as Oahu. Below is a partial list of State highways in Hawai‘i. The current state (then territorial highway numbering system was established in 1955. Travel can be slow due to narrow winding roads on the coastlines. Travel can be significantly congested during morning and evening commute times in and out of Honolulu, particularly on the leeward side. H1 was constructed after Honolulu was well established, and on/off ramps are diverted throughout the city.

Hawaii has one of the best public transit systems in the United States known as TheBus with over 4,200 stops on Oahu. The Bus, also trademarked as TheBus, is the Public transportation service of the City & County of Honolulu in the United It was ranked number one in the country for 1994-1995 and again in 2000-2001 by the American Public Transportation Association. The American Public Transportation Association serves as an advocate for the advancement of Public transportation programs and initiatives in the United States. ^[34]

By air

Aviation is an important part of Hawaii’s transportation network, as most interisland travel takes place using commercial airlines. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license Hawaiian Airlines, and go! use jets to travel between the larger commercial airports in Honolulu, Lihue, Kahului, Kona, and Hilo, while Island Air and Pacific Wings serve smaller airports. Hawaiian Airlines Inc is the 11th largest commercial Airline in the United States. go! is a regional brand of Mesa Airlines based in Honolulu, Hawaii, which operates interisland services within Hawaii Island Air (officially Hawaii Island Air Inc) is an independent American commuter Airline based in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Pacific Wings Airlines is an American commuter Airline based in Kahului, Maui, Hawaii, USA. These airlines also provide air freight service between the islands.

By ship or ferry

The Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes, oceanic trenches and island-chains such as Hawaii (found here, on the Central Northwest quadrant)

A ferry linked to TheBus began service in September of 2007 known as TheBoat. The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor The Bus, also trademarked as TheBus, is the Public transportation service of the City & County of Honolulu in the United Fare for TheBoat is $2. 00, and it runs from Barber's Point to Aloha Tower Marketplace daily. It is hoped that linking to TheBus and delivering commuters from Leeward to Honolulu will alleviate traffic.

Norwegian Cruise Lines provides American-flagged passenger cruise service between the islands. Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL is a company operating Cruise ships headquartered in Miami, Florida.

The Hawaii Superferry is now connecting Maui and Oahu with a ferry system capable of transporting vehicles. The Hawaii Superferry is a Hawai{{okina}}i -based transportation company providing daily passenger and vehicle transportation between Honolulu Harbor on the island Service was scheduled to begin in the second half of 2007 with routes from Oahu to Kauai and Maui. Legal issues over environmental impact statements and protests from residents of Maui and Kauai temporarily delayed the implementation of this service, but service to Maui started in December 2007, and service to Kauai is still delayed.

Miscellaneous topics

Etymology

The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi derives from Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, with the reconstructed meaning "homeland";^[35] cognate words are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori (Hawaiki), Rarotongan (ʻAvaiki), and Samoan (Savaiʻi). The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical Proto-Polynesian is the hypothetical Proto-language, from which all modern Polynesian languages descend Internal reconstruction is a method of recovering information about a language's past from the characteristics of the language at a later date The Cook Islands Maori language also called Māori Kūki 'Āirani or Rarotongan, is the Official language of the Cook Islands. The Sāmoan or Samoan language is the traditional language of Samoa and American Samoa and is an official language &mdash alongside English (See also Hawaiki). The Māori name Hawaiki refers to the mythical land to which some Polynesian cultures trace their origins

According to Pukui and Elbert (1986:62) "Elsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the ancestral home, but in Hawaiʻi the name has no meaning; see Pukui, Elbert, and Mookini, 1974. " (emphasis added)

Media

Newspapers

Two major competing Honolulu-based newspapers serve all of Hawaii. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. The Honolulu Advertiser is owned by Gannett Pacific Corporation while the Honolulu Star-Bulletin is owned by Black Press of British Columbia in Canada. The Honolulu Advertiser is the largest daily Newspaper in the American state of Hawai{{okina}}i. Gannett Company Inc ( is a publicly-traded media Holding company based in the United States. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, based in Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i, is the second largest daily newspaper in the state of Hawai{{okina}}i (the largest Black Press is a Publication company that produces major Newspapers in the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia in Canada British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Other locally published newspapers are available to residents of the various islands.

The Hawaii business community is served by the Pacific Business News and Hawaii Business Magazine. Advance Publications Inc, is an American media company owned by the descendants of S Hawaii Business Magazine is a Honolulu-based business magazine The largest religious community in Hawaii is served by the Hawaii Catholic Herald. The Hawaii Catholic Herald is the present-day version of a series of official Newspapers of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu and its predecessor Honolulu Magazine is a popular magazine that offers local interest news and feature articles. Honolulu Magazine is a city magazine covering Honolulu Its parent company PacificBasin Communications also publishes Hawaii Business Magazine.

Founded in 2002, the online daily newspaper Hawaii Reporter has become a significant resource to residents and mainlanders that specifically offers non-advertiser based, investigative reporting on local and state government and businesses.

Apart from the mainstream press, the state also enjoys a vibrant ethnic publication presence with newspapers for the Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Native Hawaiian communities. In addition, there is an alternative weekly, the Honolulu Weekly. Honolulu Weekly is an Alternative weekly Newspaper published in Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i.

Television

All of the major American broadcast television networks are represented in Hawaii through KHON-TV (Fox, The CW on DT2), KITV (ABC), KFVE (MyNetworkTV), KGMB (CBS), KHET (PBS), KHNL (NBC), and KPXO (ION Television), among others. This article is about a television station in Hawai'i for Khon classic theatre and dance of Thailand see Dance of Thailand. The CW Television Network ( The CW) is a Television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006-2007 television season. Digital television (DTV is the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by discrete ( digital) signals in contrast to the analog signals used by KITV is the American Broadcasting Company (ABC television affiliate licensed to Honolulu Hawaii. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. KFVE, also known by the brand K5 The Home Team, is the licensed broadcast affiliate of MyNetworkTV in Hawaii. MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyNet or MNT) is a Television network in the United States, owned by the Fox Broadcasting Company KGMB is the licensed broadcast affiliate of CBS in Hawaii, with its main transmitter located in Honolulu broadcasting on channel 9 (analog and 22 (digital CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. For other uses see Khet. KHET, also called PBS Hawaii, is the only PBS member station in Hawaii. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the KHNL ("KHNL NBC 8" is the licensed broadcast affiliate of the National Broadcasting Company in Hawaii. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's KPXO (channel 66 and KLEI (channel 6 are the Hawaii affiliates of the ION Television network Ion Television is a broadcast television network first broadcast on August 31 1998 Two independent stations, KIKU-TV and KBFD, specialize in multi-cultural programs serving Asian audiences. KIKU-TV is an independent Television station based in Honolulu, Hawaii. KBFD is an independent station that airs Asian programming The Allen Broadcasting outlet operates on NTSC channel 32(analog/33(digital and is licensed to Honolulu Hawaii. From Honolulu, programming at these stations can be seen on the various other islands via networks of satellite transmitters and through Oceanic Time Warner Cable. Until the advent of satellite, most network programming was broadcast a week behind mainland scheduling.

Unlike most major television stations in most (if not all) other areas of the United States, none of the major network affiliates in Honolulu air an afternoon newscast. (KHNL does air a mid-morning newscast, but it does not interfere with NBC's daytime schedule. ) This allows the networks' daytime programming to be aired without preemption.

The various production companies that work with the major networks have produced television series and other projects in Hawaii. Most notable were police dramas like Magnum P.I. and Hawaii Five-O. Magnum PI is an American Television show starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a fictional Private investigator Hawaii Five-O is an American Television series that starred Jack Lord and James MacArthur as detectives for a fictional Hawaii Currently, hit TV shows Lost and Dog the Bounty Hunter are filmed in the Hawaiian Islands. Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series. Dog the Bounty Hunter is a Reality television show on A&E which chronicles Duane "Dog" Chapman's operations at his job Da Kine Bail A comprehensive list of such projects can be seen at the list of Hawaii television series. The US state of Hawaii is referenced extensively in popular media supported by efforts of the state government

Film

See also: List of films set in Hawaii

Hawaii has a growing film industry administered by the state through the Hawaii Film Office. This is the list of films set in Hawaii. 50 First Dates The Big Bounce Black Widow (1987 film The US state of Hawaii is referenced extensively in popular media supported by efforts of the state government Several television shows, movies, and various other media projects were produced in the Hawaiian Islands, taking advantage of the natural scenic landscapes as backdrops. Notable films produced in Hawaii or inspired by Hawaii include Hawaii, Blue Hawaii, Donovan's Reef, From Here to Eternity, In Harm's Way, South Pacific, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jurassic Park, Picture Bride, Lani Loa, Outbreak, Waterworld, Six Days Seven Nights, George of the Jungle, 50 First Dates, Pearl Harbor,Godzilla, Blue Crush, The Even Stevens Movie, Race the Sun and Lilo and Stitch. Hawaii is a 1966 American film based on the novel of the same name by James A Blue Hawaii is a 1961 Musical film set in the state of Hawaii and starring Elvis Presley. Donovan's Reef is a 1963 American Motion picture from director John Ford. From Here to Eternity is a 1953 Drama film based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. In Harm's Way is also the name of the first regular episode of the Star Trek New Voyages fan film series This article is about the 1958 film. For the stage musical see South Pacific (musical. Raiders of the Lost Ark (also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 Adventure film directed by Steven Jurassic Park is a 1993 Science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the novel of the same name by Michael Picture Bride is a 1995 independent film directed by Kayo Hatta from a script by Hatta Mari Hatta and Diane Mei Lin Mark co-produced by Diane Mei Lin Mark and ("Lani Loa - The Passage" is the correct title to this film Outbreak is a classification used in Epidemiology to describe a small localized group of people or organisms infected with a disease Waterworld is a 1995 post-apocalyptic science fiction film The film stars Kevin Costner who also produced it Six Days Seven Nights is a 1998 Romantic comedy film interspersed with elements of the adventure film George of the Jungle was an American Animated television series produced by Jay Ward and Bill Scott, who created 50 First Dates is a 2004 Romantic comedy starring Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore and directed by Peter Segal. Pearl Harbor is a 2001 War film directed by Michael Bay. It features a large Ensemble cast, including Ben Affleck, Etymology Name "Godzilla" is a combination of two Japanese words and. Blue Crush is a 2002 surfer film directed by John Stockwell and based on the ''Outside'' magazine article "Surfer Girls of Maui" The Even Stevens Movie is a 2003 American family comedy Motion picture that debuted on the Disney Channel. Race the Sun is a 1996 comedy-drama movie mainly starring Halle Berry, Steve Hogan and James Belushi. For the television series see Lilo & Stitch The Series Lilo & Stitch is a 2002 American Animated feature The film Snakes on a Plane takes place on a flight departing Hawaii for the U. Snakes on a Plane is a cult High concept, horror - thriller Feature film starring Samuel L S. mainland. Hawaii is home to a prominent film festival known as the Hawaii International Film Festival. A film festival is the presentation or showcasing of Films in one or more Movie theaters or screening venues The Hawaii International Film Festival (HIFF is a Film festival held in the U

Culture

Main article: Culture of Hawaii

The aboriginal culture of Hawaii is Polynesian. The culture of Hawaii has its origins in the traditional culture of the Native Hawaiians. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over Hawaii represents the northernmost extension of the vast Polynesian triangle of the south and central Pacific Ocean. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions While traditional Hawaiian culture remains only as vestiges influencing modern Hawaiian society, there are reenactments of the ceremonies and traditions throughout the islands. Some of these cultural influences are strong enough to have affected the culture of the United States at large, including the popularity (in greatly modified form) of luaus and hula. For the towns in Angola, see Luau (Angola. A luau (in Hawaiian, lū‘au) is a Hawaiian feast Hula (ˈhuːlə is a dance form accompanied by chant or song It was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Polynesians who originally settled there

Sister cities

Hawaii has an active sister state program, which includes ties to:

• Azores, Portugal (1982)
• Cebu, Philippines (1996)
• Cheju Province, South Korea (1986)
• Ehime, Japan (2003)
• Fukuoka, Japan (1981)
• Guangdong, China (1985)
• Hainan, China (1992)
• Hiroshima, Japan (1997)
• Ilocos Norte, Philippines (2005)
• Ilocos Sur, Philippines (1985)
• Okinawa, Japan (1985)
• Pangasinan, Philippines (2002)
• Taiwan, Republic of China (1993)
• Tianjin, China (2002)

Other sister states:

• Canary Islands, Spain

Famous people from Hawaii

The list of famous people from Hawaii is a non-comprehensive list of persons who have achieved fame that presently or at one time claimed Hawaii as their home. Once a local form of Etiquette that can differ in many ways from that observed on U The East Hawaii Cultural Center ( EHCC) is a Cultural center in Hilo, Hawaii, that has regular art exhibits and holds workshops and classes Folklore in Hawaii in modern times is a mixture of various aspects of Hawaiian mythology and various Urban legends that have been passed on regarding various places Hawaiian mythology is a variant of a more general Polynesian mythology. The Hilo Art Museum was chartered in 2007 by a group of Hawaii Island citizens desiring to share their love of art with others in their isolated island home This is a list of State parks, Monuments and Recreation areas managed by the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources See also Hawaii This is a list of topics about the US State of Hawai{{okina}}i: 0–9 50th List of authors with roots in Hawai'i: Eric Chock Kiana Davenport Maxine Hong Kingston George Parsons The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC is a Living museum located in Lā'ie, on the northern part of O{{okina}}ahu, Hawai{{okina}}i. Polynesian mythology is the oral traditions of the people of Polynesia (meaning "many islands" in Greek a grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island Hawai{{okina}}i is the name of a chain of several islands and are among the numerous Pacific Islands in the Pacific The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950  mi) from Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Cebu is one of the Provinces of the Philippines. It lies to the east of Negros Island; to the west of Leyte and to the southeast is Bohol The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Jeju-do ( transliterated Korean for Jeju Province, short form of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) is the only special self-governing province South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː "Ehime" redirects here For the school ship see Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on Kyūshū Island. Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Hainan ( POJ: Hai-lam Pinyin:, Jyutping: hoi2 naam4 literal meaning "South of the Sea" is the smallest province of the People's WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū Ilocos Norte is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Ilocos Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Canary Islands ( English pronunciation kəˈnæriː ˈaɪləndz Spanish: Islas Canarias, ˈizlas kaˈnarjas are a Spanish Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. ---- Hawai{{okina}}i has been home to many notable people that have become well-known beyond the shores of the islands Separate registers of members of the Hawaiian royal family and Hawaii politicians are also available. ----Below is a List of Hawai'i politicians from the monarchical, republican, territorial, and statehood eras of Hawai'i

Father Damien (January 3, 1840 – April 15, 1889) Beatified towards sainthood by Pope John Paul II	Mother Marianne Cope (January 23, 1838 – August 9, 1918) Beatified towards sainthood by Pope Benedict XVI	Hiram Fong (October 15, 1906 – August 18, 2004) First Chinese American and Asian American elected United States Senator	General Eric Shinseki (born November 28, 1942)
Duke Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890 – January 22, 1968) Gold-medal winning Olympic athlete who popularized surfing	Israel Kamakawiwoʻole (May 20, 1959 – June 26, 1997) "Braddah IZ" was a Hawaiian musician and entertainer	Jack Johnson (born May 18, 1975) Hawaii-born musician, filmmaker, and surfer	Barack Obama (born August 4, 1961) Hawaii-born Illinois senator and 2008 presidential candidate
Nicole Kidman (born June 20, 1967) Oscar winning Australian actress. Blessed Damien de Veuster ( January 3, 1840 &ndash April 15, 1889) born Jozef de Veuster and also known as Blessed Damien Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Mother Marianne Cope ( January 23 1838 &ndash August 9 1918) was a Franciscan Nun of the Sisters of the Third Order of Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hiram Leong Fong ( 鄺[[wikt 友|友]] 良; Pinyin: Kuàng Yǒuliáng formally Yau Leong Fong ( October 15, 1906 – Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " General Eric Ken Shinseki (born November 28, 1942) was the 34th Chief of Staff of the United States Army (1999 - 2003 For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Big Kahuna redirects here For the film see The Big Kahuna (film. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Jack Johnson may refer to Jack Johnson (boxer (1878–1946 African-American boxer Jack Johnson (musician (born 1975 Hawaii-born singer-songwriter-director-surfer Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar.	Jack Lord (December 30, 1920 - January 21, 1998) Actor who portrayed Steve McGarrett in Hawaii 5-0. John Joseph Patrick Ryan ( December 30, 1920  &ndash January 21, 1998) best known by his Stage name Jack Lord, was Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Steve McGarrett is a fictional character in the long running Crime drama television series Hawaii Five-O. Hawaii Five-O is an American Television series that starred Jack Lord and James MacArthur as detectives for a fictional Hawaii	Akebono Taro (born May 8, 1969) Hawaii born sumo wrestler, first foreign born wrestler to reach highest sumo rank Yokozuna. is a retired Sumo wrestler Born in Waimānalo Hawai'i, Akebono became the first foreign born wrestler ever to reach Yokozuna, the highest rank in sumo Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. or ( is the top division of professional Sumo. Its size is fixed at 42 wrestlers ordered into five ranks according to their ability as defined by their performance in previous tournaments	Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) Hawaii born singer and actress. Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is anAmerican Singer, Actress and Comedian, also known (as her informal stage name as Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Hawaii: Islands of Aloha spirit

Aloha is the familiar Hawaiian greeting and farewell.

Photo gallery

Maui, Haleakala National Park	Big Island, View from Mauna Kea Volcano	Big Island, Volcanoes National Park	Kauai, Na Pali Coast
Big Island, Punaluu Beach Park	Maui, Kapalua bay	Maui, Hookipa Beach	Oahu, Sandy Beach
Big Island, Hapuna Beach	Haleakala	Na Pali Coast	Satellite Image

See also

• List of Hawaiʻi-related topics

References

http://www.hawaii-nation.org/index.html

Further reading

External links

• Hawaii travel guide from Wikitravel
• Hawaii Internet Portal
• Hawaii's Official Tourism Site
• Official state homepage
• Hawaii's Story by Queen Liliuokalani
• Hawaii State Fact Sheet from the U. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. S. Department of Agriculture
• USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Hawaii
• Satellite image of Hawaiian Islands at NASA's Earth Observatory
• http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm