Haryana

For the town in Hoshiarpur district, see Hariana. Hoshiarpur District (ਹੁਸ਼ਿਆਰਪੁਰ ਜਿਲ੍ਹਾ is a district of Punjab state in northern India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hariana is a city and a Municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian

?Haryana India

Coordinates: 30°44′N 76°47′E / 30.73, 76.78
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	44,212 km² (17,070 sq mi)
Capital	Chandigarh
Largest city	Faridabad
District(s)	20
Population • Density	21,082,989 (16th) • 477 /km² (1,235 /sq mi)
Language(s)	Hindi and Punjabi
Governor	A.R. Kidwai
Chief Minister	Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Established	1966-11-01
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (90)
ISO abbreviation	IN-HR
Website: haryana.gov.in
Seal of Haryana

Coordinates: 30°44′N 76°47′E / 30.73, 76.78 Haryana (Hindi: हरियाणा, Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ, IPA: [hərɪjaːɳaː]) is a state in North India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Chandigarh ( ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ, चंडीगढ़) also called The City Beautiful Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (born July 1 1920) is an Indian politician and the current Governor of Haryana. This is a list of the Chief Ministers of Haryana, India. See also Haryana Chief Ministers of India Bhupinder Singh Hooda (born September 15 1947 is an Indian politician and the current Chief Minister of Haryana The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It was carved out of the state of Punjab in 1966. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Eastern border to Uttarakhand & Uttar Pradesh is defined by river Yamuna. Uttarakhand ( Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड or उत्तराखंड Uttar + Akhand i Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. This article is about National Capital Region of India which includes Delhi and adjoining urban areas The capital of Haryana is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab. Chandigarh ( ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ, चंडीगढ़) also called The City Beautiful A Union Territory is a sub-national administrative division of India. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India.

The state of Haryana has the second highest per capita income in the country at Rs 56,280. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity ^[1] Haryana is considered as the current growth engine of India. An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ^[2] Haryana is one of the leading industrialized states of india and its share in National Production is:^[3] 50% passenger cars^[4], 50% motorcycles^[5], 30% refrigerators^[6], 25% tractors^[7], 25% bicycles and sanitary wares^[8], 20% of the country's export of scientific instrument ^[9]and 3rd among states in software exports from india^[10]

The city of Gurgaon is emerging as a major hub for the information technology and automobile industries. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. A refrigerator (often called a " fridge " for short is a cooling appliance comprising a thermally insulated compartment and a Heat pump - A tractor is a Vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high Tractive effort at slow speeds for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support It is a leading manufacturing hub as it is also home to Maruti Udyog Limited, India's largest automobile manufacturer, and Hero Honda Limited, the world's largest manufacturer of two-wheelers. Maruti Suzuki India Limited ( Hindi: मारुति सुज़ूकी इंडिया लिमिटेड is a publicly listed Automaker in Hero Honda Motors Limited, based in Delhi, India, is the world's largest manufacturer of Motorcycles sup>1 Panipat, Panchkula and Faridabad are also industrial hubs, with the Panipat Refinery being the second largest refinery in South Asia. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panipat ( Hindi: पानीपत is an ancient and historic city in Panipat District, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panchkula (पंचकुला़ ਪੰਚਕੁਲਾ is a planned city in Panchkula District, Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. Panipat Refinery is an Oil refinery that was set up in 1998. It is located in Baholi village Panipat, Haryana. There is also an established steel and textile industry in the state of Haryana. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The name Haryana itself means “The Abode of God” from Hari (the Hindu God Vishnu) and ayana (home)^[11]. For other meanings see Vishnu (disambiguation. Vishnu ( IAST viṣṇu Devanagari विष्णु (honorific

History

See also: Punjab region and History of the Punjab

Although Haryana is no longer a part of the state of Punjab, it was for a long time part of the Punjab province of British India and played a vital role in the history of the Punjab region. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c The first known use of the word Punjab is in the book Tarikh-e-Sher Shah Suri (1580 which mentions the construction of a fort by "Sher Khan of Punjab" For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c

Vedic period

Many settlements dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization have been found along river Saraswati bed, at Naurangabad and Mittathal in Bhiwani District, Kunal, in Fatehabad District, Agroha and Rakhigarhi in Hisar District, Rukhi in Rohtak District and Banawali in Sirsa District. The Indus Valley Civilization (Mature period 2600&ndash1900 BCE abbreviated IVC, was an ancient Civilization that flourished in the Indus River basin Saraswati (pronounced as; Sanskrit: sa सरस्वती sarasvatī; Malay: Saraswati Thai: สุรัสวดี is the Bhiwani (भिवानी a district in Haryana, India, has an area of 5099 sq Fatehabad (फतेहाबाद is one of the nineteen districts of Haryana state, India. Agroha (2920 N 7538 E ( Hindi: अग्रोहा is an ancient town in Haryana, believed to be the birthplace of the Agrahari and Agrawal Rakhigarhi, or Rakhi Garhi, is a village in Hisar District in the northwest Indian state of Haryana, around 150 kilometers from Delhi Hisar district ( Hindi: ह‍िसार is one of the 19 districts of Haryana state India. Area 166847 km² Banawali ( Devanagari: बन्वालि is an Indus Valley site in Hissar Haryana, about 120 km northeast of Kalibangan. Sirsa district ( Hindi: सिरसा is one of the districts of Haryana state India. The ancient Vedic civilization also flourished on the banks of the Saraswati, and the hymns of Rigveda were composed here. The Vedic Period (or Vedic Age) is the period in the History of India during which the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, were being The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge"

In some ancient Hindu texts, the boundaries of Kurukshetra correspond roughly to the state of Haryana. Kurukshetra ( Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र is the name of a City in Kurukshetra District of the Indian state of Haryana हरियाणा Thus according to the Taittiriya Aranyaka 5. The Aranyakas (Sanskrit आरण्यक āraṇyaka) are part of the Hindu śruti, the four Vedas these religious texts were composed in 1. 1. , the Kurukshetra region is south of Turghna (Srughna/Sugh in Sirhind, Punjab), north of Khandava (Delhi and Mewat region), east of Maru (desert) and west of Parin. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sirhind-Fatehgarh is a city and a Municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Mewat District is a district of Haryana Haryana state in India. ^[12]

The epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra

Mahabharata, the great epic of India mentions Haryana as Bahudhhanyaka, 'land of plentiful grains' and Bahudhana, 'land of immense riches'. Several places mentioned in Mahabharata correspond to modern day cities in Haryana: Prithudaka (Pehowa), Tilprastha (Tilput), Panprastha (Panipat) and Sonprastha (Sonipat). WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pehowa is a city and a Municipal committee in Kurukshetra district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panipat ( Hindi: पानीपत is an ancient and historic city in Panipat District, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sonipat ( Punjabi: ਸੋਨੀਪਤ سونیپت Hindi: सोनीपत Also spelled Gurgaon refers to the village of the Guru Dronacharya . Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. In the epic Mahābhārata, Drona ( Sanskrit: द्रोण droNa) or Dronacharya (द्रोणाचार्य droNāchārya The great battle between the Kauravas and the Pandavas took place near the city of Kurukshetra. The Kurukshetra War ( Devangari: कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध forms an essential component of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata The term Kaurava ( Sanskrit:कौरव is a Sanskrit term that means a descendant of Kuru, a legendary king who is the ancestor of many of the characters In the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, the Pandava (or Pandawa brothers ( Sanskrit: पाण्‍डव pāṇḍavaḥ are the five acknowledged sons of Kurukshetra ( Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र is the name of a City in Kurukshetra District of the Indian state of Haryana हरियाणा Krishna preached the Bhagvad Gita to the reluctant Arjuna there. Krishna (कृष्ण in Devanagari kṛṣṇa in IAST, ˈkr̩ʂɳə in classical Sanskrit is a deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism Arjuna or Arjun ( Sanskrit: अर्जुन arjuna) is one of the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, whose name . For eighteen days following that, armies from all over India battled in the plains of Kurukshetra to decide who sits on the throne of Hastinapur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hastinapur (हस्‍तिनापुर (Hastinapura in Sanskrit) is a town and a Nagar panchayat Maharaja Agrasen is said to have established a flourishing city of merchants at Agroha near modern Hisar. Maharaja Agrasena (also Agrasen) (Devanagari अग्रसेन was a legendary Indian king of Agroha, a city of traders from whom the Agrawal Hisar ( Hindi: ‍हिसार( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ previously spelled as Hissar is a city in the state of Haryana, in northwestern Legend has it that anyone wishing to settle in the city was given a brick and a rupee by each of the city's lakh residents. A lakh (also written lac, and lackh in an Indian english language news source India PR Wire 8 Oct '08 is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to Thus, they would have enough bricks to build a house and enough money to start a business of their own.

Medieval period

After ousting the Huns, king Harshavardhana established his capital at Thanesar near Kurukshetra in the 7th century AD. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy Harsha or Harshavardhana (हर्षवर्धन or "Harsha vardhan" ( 590 &ndash 647) was an Indian emperor who ruled Northern India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thanesar ( Hindi: थानेसर is an old and historic town on the banks of the Ghaggar river After his death, the kingdom disintegrated. The region, however, remained strategically important for the rulers of Delhi, as it lay in the path of invaders from the northwest. Prithviraj Chauhan established a fort at Hansi in the 12th century. For the Indian TV serial with the protagonist of the same name see Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan. Hansi is a city and a Municipal council in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. Muhammad Ghori conquered this area in the Second Battle of Tarain. Muhammad Shahab-ud-Din Ghori ( Persian, Pashto, Urdu: محمد شہاب الدین غوری also spelled Mohammad Ghauri, originally named Mu'izzuddin The Second Battle of Tarain, also known as the Second Battle of Taraori, was fought in 1192 at Tarain ( Taraori) the site of the First Battle Following his death, the Delhi Sultanate was established that ruled much of India for several centuries. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए The earliest reference to 'Hariana' occurs in a Sanskrit inscription dated 1328 AD kept in Delhi Museum, which refers to this region as The heaven on earth, indicating that it was fertile and relatively peaceful at that time. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Firoz Shah Tughlaq established a fort at Hisar in 1354 to further fortify the region, and also constructed canals or rajwahas as they were referred to in the Indo-Persian historical texts. Firuz Shah Tughlaq (also known as Firoz Shah Tughluq ( 1309 - 1388 in Delhi) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty from 1351

The three famous battles of Panipat took place near the modern town of Panipat. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panipat ( Hindi: पानीपत is an ancient and historic city in Panipat District, The first battle took place in 1526, where Babur, the ruler of Kabul defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate, through the use of field artillery. The first battle of Panipat took place in northern India, and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. Babur ( February 14 1483 - December 26 1530) was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who following a series of setbacks } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with Ibrahim Lodhi (died April 21, 1526) was the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए Field artillery is a category of mobile Artillery used to support armies in the field This battle marked the beginning of the Mughal empire in India. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most In the second battle of Panipat (November 5, 1556), Akbar's general Bairam Khan defeated Hemu, and paved the way for Akbar's reign. The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Samrat Hem Chander Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, and the army of Mughal emperor Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar Bairam Khan also Bayram Khan ( بيرام خان) (died 1561 was a powerful Turcoman noble and regent of eastern Anatolian and Azerbaijani Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also known as Hemachandra Bhargava or simply Hemu ( Hindi: सम्राट हेम चंद्र The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan warlord Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau of Pune. Ahmad Shah won decisively, on January 13, 1761. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

British Raj

During the British Raj, most of Haryana formed part of the Punjab province. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Some parts were ruled by the princely states of Loharu, Nabha, Jind and Patiala. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Loharu is a city and a Municipal committee in Bhiwani district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nabha is a city and a Municipal council in Patiala district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jind (जींद ( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a town in Jind District, Harayana WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Patiala ( Punjabi: ਪਟਿਆਲਾ is a city in the Punjab state of India. During the Indian rebellion of 1857, several leaders from this region, including Rao Tula Ram, participated actively. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Rao Tula Ram ( Hindi: राऊ तुला राम (c 9 December 1825 &ndash1862 was one of the most important leaders of the 1857 revolt Later, during the Indian Freedom fight people from Haryana took part actively and fought a lot of battles with them. A lot of battles were fought by not only the Kings of territories but by the farmers also. British army was defeated at a lot of places. Some most important fights were from Sonipat , Rohtak , Sirsa and Hissar. In Sirsa the famous battle of Chormar was fought. Later, leaders like Sir Chhotu Ram played an important role in the politics of the Punjab province. Sir Chottu Ram ( November 24, 1881 &ndash January 9, 1945) was an Indian politician who championed the cause of the Punjab Rao Tula Ram was one of the most important leaders of the 1857 revolt. Rao Tula Ram ( Hindi: राऊ तुला राम (c 9 December 1825 &ndash1862 was one of the most important leaders of the 1857 revolt The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut,

Formation of Haryana

On 1 November 1966, Haryana was carved out on the basis of that the parts of Punjab which were to be Haryana's "Hindi-speaking areas". Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Same example was followed in the creation of Himachal Pradesh as well. Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the Haryana state was formed on the recommendation of the Sardar Hukam Singh Parliamentary Committee. Sardar Hukam Singh was speaker of Lok Sabha from 1962 to 1967 The formation of this committee was announced in the Parliament on 23 September 1965. On 23 April, 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Panjab and Haryana. The commission gave its report on 31 May, 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahendragarh is a town in Mahendragarh district in the Indian state of Haryana Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karnal ( Hindi: करनाल is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District Further the Tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhari were also included. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jind (जींद ( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a town in Jind District, Harayana WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Narwana is a city and a Municipal committee in Jind district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Naraingarh is a city and a Municipal committee in Ambala district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a The commission recommended that Tehsil Kharar (including Chandigarh) should also be a part of Haryana. ^[13] The city of Chandigarh, also a Punjabi speaking area of district Rupnagar was made a union territory to serve as the capital of both these states. Chandigarh ( ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ, चंडीगढ़) also called The City Beautiful WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rupnagar is a town and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian A Union Territory is a sub-national administrative division of India. Chandigarh was due to transfer to the state of Punjab in 1986 according to the Rajiv-Longowal Accord, but the transfer has been delayed pending an agreement on which parts of the Hindi speaking areas of Abohar and Fazilka, currently part of Firozpur District of Punjab, are to be transferred to Haryana in exchange. Khālistān (ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan or the Holy Sikh Kingdom of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Abohar (Hindi अबोहर is a city and a Municipal council in Firozpur district in the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Fazilka is a city and a Municipal council in Firozpur district in the state of Ferozepur district is one of the twenty Districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India.

Geography

Morni Hills in Haryana

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is located between 27°37' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 to 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level. An area of 1,553 km² is covered by forest. Haryana has four main geographical features.

The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state
The Shivalik Hills to the northeast
Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest
The Aravalli Range in the south

Rivers of Haryana: The river Yamuna flows along its eastern boundary. For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना The Ghaggar-Hakra River is a believed to be an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the Monsoon season The Sivalik Hills also known as the Sivalik mountains (also spelled Shiwalik, Shivalik, or Siwalik) and sometimes called Churia or The Aravalli Range is a range of mountains in western India running approximately 800 km from northeast to southwest across Rajasthan state For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना The ancient Saraswati river was thought to have flowed through Haryana but it has now disappeared. Saraswati (pronounced as; Sanskrit: sa सरस्वती sarasvatī; Malay: Saraswati Thai: สุรัสวดี is the The river Ghaggar is its main seasonal river. The Ghaggar-Hakra River is a believed to be an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the Monsoon season It rises up in the outer Himalayas between the Yamuna and the Sutlej and enters Haryana near Pinjore, district Panchkula. For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना The Sutlej River (alternatively spelled as Satluj River (ਸਤਲੁਜ शतद्रु or सुतुद्री, ستلج and सतलुज is the longest WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panchkula (पंचकुला़ ਪੰਚਕੁਲਾ is a planned city in Panchkula District, Passing through Ambala and Hissar it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs a course of 290 miles before disappearing in the deserts of Rajasthan. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area The Markanda river's ancient name was Aruna. A seasonal stream like the Ghaggar, it originates from the lower Shivalik hills and enters Haryana near Ambala. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a During monsoons, this stream swells up into a raging torrent notorious for its devastating power. The surplus water is carried on to the Sanisa lake where the Markanda joins the Saraswati. Saraswati (pronounced as; Sanskrit: sa सरस्वती sarasvatī; Malay: Saraswati Thai: สุรัสวดี is the An important tributary is the Tangri. The Sahibi originates in the Mewat hills near Jitgarh and Manoharpur in Rajasthan. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Gathering volume from about a hundred tributaries, it reaches voluminous proportions, forming a broad stream around Alwar and Patan. History "Alwar" was formerly known as "Ulwar" On reaching Rohtak it branches off into two smaller streams, finally reaching the outskirts of Delhi and flowing into the Yamuna. Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना There are three other rivulets in and around the Mewat hills – Indori, Dohan and Kasavati and they all flow northwards from the south. ^[14]

Climate

Climate of Haryana is similar to other states of India lying in the northern plains. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It is very hot in summer (up to a high of 50 deg Celsius) and cold in winters (down to a low of 1 deg Celsius). The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and January. Rainfall is varied, with Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season (July-September) and sometimes causes local flooding. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months ^[15]

Flora and Fauna of Haryana

Throny dry deciduos forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria During the monsoon a carpet of grass covers the hills. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Mulberry, Eucalyptus, Pine, Kikar, Shisham and Babul are some of the trees found here. Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which Shisham ( Dalbergia sissoo) is an erect deciduous tree native to India Pakistan and Nepal The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include Black Buck, Nilgai, Panther, Fox, Mongoose, Jackal and Wild Dog. Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time In post- Reconstruction United States, Black Buck was a Racial slur used to describe a certain type of African American men Blue bull redirects here For the South African Rugby union team see Blue Bulls. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring A fox is an Animal belonging to any one of about 27 Species (of which only 12 actually belong to the Vulpes genus or 'true foxes' of small A mongoose (plural mongooses) is a member of the family Herpestidae (although also used for some members of Eupleridae) a family of small A jackal (from Turkish çakal, via Persian shaghal ultimately from Sanskrit sṛgālaḥ) is a member of any of three Wild dog may refer to Pariah dogs Carolina Dogs New Guinea Singing Dogs and Dingos Some species of canines

Demographics

Rani talab Mandir Jind

The population of Haryana, according to the 2001 census, is 21,144,000, with 11,364,000 males and 9,781,000 females. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jind (जींद ( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a town in Jind District, Harayana A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density is 477 people/sq km. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Haryana, along with neighboring Punjab, has a skewed sex ratio at 861, with many more men than women. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. In Anthropology and Demography, the human sex ratio is the Sex ratio for Homo sapiens (i Selective abortion of female fetuses has a very high provenance, reflecting a widespread favor for the male child. An A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and

Hindus make up about 88. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 2% of the population, Sikhs 6. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. 2%, Muslims 5. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 2%, Jains 0. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. 3% and Buddhist 0. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices 01%. ^[16] Muslims are mainly in the Mahendragarh district, while Sikhs are mostly in the districts adjoining Punjab. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahendragarh is a town in Mahendragarh district in the Indian state of Haryana Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India.

Agriculture and related industries have been the backbone of the local economy. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area These days the state is seeing a massive influx of immigrants from across the nation, primarily from Bihar, Bengal and Nepal. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia.

Culture of Haryana

Haryana is proud of a rich cultural heritage that goes way back to the Vedic times. The state is rich in folklore. The people of Haryana have their own traditions. The age old customs of meditation, Yoga and chanting of Vedic Mantras, are still observed by the masses. Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the The seasonal and religious festivals glorify the culture of this region. The dance is said to be the mother of all arts. Music and poetry exist in tune, painting and architecture in space. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. The dance is just not a form of recreation but something needed to release the physical and emotional energy. Folk dances, like other creative art, helps in sublimating the performer's worries and cares.

Haryana has always been a state of diverse races, cultures and faiths. It is on this soil that they met and fused into something truly India. The people of Haryana have preserved their old religious and social traditions. They celebrate festivals with great enthusiasm and traditional fervor. Their culture and popular art are Saangs, dramas, ballads and songs in which they take great delight. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance.

With Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and English forming the main languages, there are numerous dialects which are spoken in Haryana. However, almost all of them have their base in Hindi. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Sanskrit is also taught in most of the schools in Haryana. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical In towns and cities, English is still to be adopted as the household lingo, but is spoken in a hazy mixture of Hindi. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The most striking feature of Haryana is its language itself; or rather, the manner in which it is spoken. Popularly known as Haryanvi, Bangaru or Jatu, it is perhaps a bit crude, but full of earthy humor and straightforwardness. Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. With rapid urbanization, and due to Haryana's close proximity to Delhi, the cultural aspects are now taking a more modern hue. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population

Haryanvi Films in Cultural Revival

In modern times, films have become one of the most powerful medium of entertainment in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country At present India is one of the most prolific countries in the field of film-making. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Hindi films are not only popular in India but also across the globe. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Besides Hindi films, which are mostly produced in Bombay, a remarkable progress has been made in regional films. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial South India and West Bengal have attained a remarkable position in producing regional films, depicting the cultural heritage of the surrounding regions. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. However, the making of regional films in the Hindi belt of North India could not match the other regions due to the fact that the Hindi-speaking people of the Hindi heartland have been getting entertainment through Bollywood movies. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Hence, the production of films in Gujarati, Rajasthani, Avadhi and Bhojpuri is a rather recent development. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? Rajasthani (राजस्थानी is a language or language cluster Bagri: about five million speakers in Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar districts of Awadhi is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken chiefly in the Awadh (Oudh region of Uttar Pradesh, although its speakers are also found in Bihar Bhojpuri ( is a regional language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. But compared with regional films in South Indian languages, Bengali and Marathi, the progress has been slow. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India.

In the context of Haryana, the number of films produced remained very small till 1984. In the 70s, only two Haryanvi movies were released, Harphool Singh and Beera Shera. Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. Both the films failed in catching the imagination of the Haryanvi people because they did not represent the true culture of Haryana. After the failure of these two Haryanvi films, nobody dared to produce a Haryanvi film for a decade. Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. However in 1980, a few youngsters having an active interest in the production of Haryanvi films approached Devi Shankar Prabhakar to help them with their cause.

When Chandrawal was released in March 1984, it created a stir in the film industry. Chandrawal broke all records on the box-office in Haryana, Western U. P. , Delhi and parts of Rajasthan. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area It surpasses the great hit Hindi films like Sholay and Bobby in these parts of India. Sholay ( Hindi: शोले Urdu: شعلے ( English: Embers or Flames) is an Indian Hindi film by India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The entire cost of the film was recovered from the window of Gagan Cinema, Faridabad where the film celebrated Silver Jubilee. Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. In Western U. P. , the film even surpassed the success of Haryana when it celebrated its Golden Jubilee in Muzaffarnagar and Silver Jubilee in Meerut, Shamli and Saharanpur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Muzaffarnagar ( Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर Urdu: مظفر نگر Meerut ( Hindi: मेरठ Urdu: میرٹھ is a city and a Municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Saharanpur ( Hindi: सहारनपुर Urdu: ????? ??? is a city and a Municipal Chandrawal set a world record and the producers of the movie honoured a dozen cine-goers of Haryana and Western U. P. , who watched the movie more than 200 times each.

The unprecedented success of Chandrawal created wide-spread temptation amongst investors for producing Haryanvi films in order to make fast money. Haryanvi (हरियाणवी is the northern most Dialect of the Hindi language. Just after Chandrawal a number of films were produced by many different producers with titles like Gulabo, Ke Sapne Ka Jikar, Chhora Haryana Ka, Bateu, Bhanwer Chameli, Chhori Supelle Ki, Panghat and others. The films produced under the banner of Prabhakar Films have maintained their leading position in the field. After Chandrawal came Laddo Basanti in 1985 and Phool Badan in 1986. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Though these films could not recreate the magic of Chandrawal in terms of financial gains, yet both these films became popular with the people.

Government and politics

Like all other states of India, the head of the state of Haryana is the Governor, appointed by the President of India. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit His or her post is largely ceremonial and the Chief Minister is the head of the state government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Haryana’s legislature is unicameral, i. e. , it has one house – the Haryana Legislative Assembly, consisting of 90 members. Haryana has 5 seats in the Rajya Sabha and 10 in the Lok Sabha, India's national parliament. The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India The key political players in Haryana are the Indian National Lok Dal, Bhartiya Janata Party and the ruling Indian National Congress. Indian National Lok Dal, a Political party in India, based in the state of Haryana is the principal opposition party in Haryana The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The present political scenario of the state is clear and it has a stable government under Bhupinder Singh Hooda from Rohtak, who is presently the C. Bhupinder Singh Hooda (born September 15 1947 is an Indian politician and the current Chief Minister of Haryana Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N M. of the state.

Economy

When it comes to financial health Haryana one among the three best performing states in the country. Haryana had the minimum fiscal deficit of 0. A budget deficit occurs when an Entity (often a Government) spends more Money than it takes in 6 per cent in financial year 2006-07. ^[17] Haryana tops the list in terms of per capita investment in the fiscal year 2007 with an investment of Rs 1,86,045 crore. ^[18]^[19] Ninety-three of top Fortune 100 companies with their corporate offices and production bases already in Haryana. ^[20] Haryana, carved out of Punjab and known as its poor cousin, has edged past the state on most parameters of economic development^[21]. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. cousin in Kinship terminology is a relative with whom one shares a common Ancestor, but in modern usage the term is rarely used when referring to a Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants Haryana has the largest number of rural crorepatis in India. ^[22] In 2006-07 Haryana received a foreign direct investment projects of over Rs 11,000 crore in the state and corporate sector. Reliance Ventures, a group company of India's largest private sector company Reliance Industries will set up a multi-product special economic zone in Haryana. Reliance Industries Limited ( NSE: RELIANCE is India 's largest Private sector conglomerate (and second largest overall with an annual ^[23] At an investment of Rs 40,000 crore, the project will be India's largest SEZ spread over 25,000 acres. ^[24]^[25] The state has a developed banking system with over 4500 bank branches.

Manufacturing

Residential complexes in Gurgaon.

Gurgaon is the main hub of Haryana's manufacturing and services industry. Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana.

More than a thousand medium and large industries with a capital investment of Rs. 2000 billion or $ 40. 4 billion have been established in the state in mainly Gurgaon, Panchkula, Faridabad and Bahadurgarh. Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panchkula (पंचकुला़ ਪੰਚਕੁਲਾ is a planned city in Panchkula District, Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. Bahadurgarh is a City and a Municipal council with 31 ward in Jhajjar district in the state of Haryana, India It is called "Gateway These include Hindustan National Glass, Maruti Udyog Limited, Escorts, Hero Honda, Alcatel, Sony, Whirlpool India, Bharti Telecom, Liberty Shoes and Hindustan Machine Tools. Maruti Suzuki India Limited ( Hindi: मारुति सुज़ूकी इंडिया लिमिटेड is a publicly listed Automaker in Hero Honda Motors Limited, based in Delhi, India, is the world's largest manufacturer of Motorcycles sup>1 Alcatel-Lucent is one of the world's biggest industry players in Telecommunications that provides hardware software and services to Service Providers Enterprises and is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with Whirlpool Corporation ( is a Fortune 500 company and a global manufacturer and marketer of major Home appliances,with annual sales of approximately $18 billion more Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August Hindustan Machine Tools was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a machine tool manufacturing company In addition there are more than 80,000 small-scale industrial units in the state which cumulatively bring in a substantial income for the state and its people. Yamunanagar district has a paper mill BILT, Haryana has a large production of cars, motorcycles, tractors, sanitary ware, glass container industry, gas stoves and scientific instruments. Ballarpur Industries Limited also known as BILT or BILT Is a Thapar group company MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. A tractor is a Vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high Tractive effort at slow speeds for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used Glass is common in everyday Life, from glass Windows to Glass containers The manufacture of Glass for everyday purposes may involve In Cooking, a gas stove is a Cooker which uses Natural gas as a Fuel source Laboratory equipment refers to the various Tools and Equipment used by Scientists working in a Laboratory. Faridabad is another big industrial part of Haryana. Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. ^[26] It is home to hundreds of large scale companies like Orient fans(C. K. Birla Group), JCB India Limited, Nirigemes, Agri Machinery Group (Escorts Limited), Yamaha Motor India Pvt. Ltd. , Whirlpool, ABB Ltd. A whirlpool is a swirling body of Water usually produced by ocean Tides. , Goodyear Tyres, Knorr Bremse India Pvt. Ltd. There are thousands of medium and small scale units as well, like Amrit Enterprises, McAma Industries. Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panipat ( Hindi: पानीपत is an ancient and historic city in Panipat District, It is the biggest centre for cheap blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving industry. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The pickle "Pachranga International" is also well known. Panipat also has heavy industry, with a refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation, a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant and a National Fertilizers Limited plant. Indian Oil Corporation is an Indian public-sector petroleum company National Thermal Power Corporation is the largest power generation company in India. National Fertilizers Limited is a Government of India undertaking (also known as a public sector company that makes Fertilizers and related chemicals

Service Industry

Gurgaon is the best city for setting up a software or BPO centre in India^[27]. Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. This is according to a research on Offshore Competitiveness conducted by neoIT, an offshoring consultancy. Gurgaon, has seen emergence of an active information technology industry in the recent years. Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. With organisations like IBM, Hewitt Associates, Dell, Convergys, United Healthcare and NIIT setting up back offices or contact centers in Gurgaon. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Hewitt Associates ( based in Lincolnshire, Illinois is a global Human resources (HR Outsourcing and Consulting firm delivering The multinational technology company Dell Inc develops manufactures sells and supports Personal computers and other computer-related products Convergys Corporation ( is a multi-national corporation that provides relationship management solutions outsourced customer and HR management solutions consulting and professional services NIIT Group comprises NIIT Ltd the leading talent development corporation and NIIT Technologies a global IT solutions major Establishment of Nano City^[28] a joint venture between the Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) and Nano Works Developers Private Ltd, a company promoted by Sabeer Bhatia, the much talked about creator of Hotmail will further boost the state position in this sector. Sabeer Bhatia (सबीर भाटिया (born 1968 is the co-founder of Hotmail and an Entrepreneur. Windows Live Hotmail, formerly known as MSN Hotmail and commonly referred to simply as Hotmail, is a free Webmail service of the Windows Live

Macro-economic trend

Maruti Suzuki plant at Gurgaon

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Haryana at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in Crore Rupees. A crore is a unit in the Indian numbering system and was formerly a unit in the Persian numbering system still widely used in Bangladesh, India, Maldives ^[29]

Year	Gross State Domestic Product
1999-2000	50,787
2000-2001	56,955
2001-2002	63,489
2002-2003	69,653
2003-2004	78,816
2004-2005	89,431
2005-2006	100,676
2007-2008	101,319. 42 ^[30]

The contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors for the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in 2007-08 is Rs. 21,265. 92 crore, Rs. 30,919. 95 crore and Rs. 49,133. 55 crore respectively Over 3% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Haryana.

Agriculture

A Field in Haryana

Despite recent industrial development, Haryana is primarily an agricultural state. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture About 70% of residents are engaged in agriculture. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Haryana is at Second position in food grain production in the country. ^[31] Wheat and rice are the major crops. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains. The main crops of Haryana are Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds, Gram, Barley, Corn, Millet etc. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica The millets are a group of small- Seeded Species of Cereal crops or grains widely grown around the world for Food and Fodder There are two main types of crops in Haryana: Rabi and Kharif. The major Kharif crops of Haryana are rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, jute, sugarcane, sesame and groundnut. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of Millet. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Jute is a long soft shiny Vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse strong threads Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) is a Flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. For these crops the ground is prepared in April and May and the seeds are sown at the commencement of rains in June. The crops are ready for harvesting by the beginning of November. In Agriculture, the harvest is the process of Gathering mature crops from the fields Reaping is the cutting of Grain The major Rabi crops are wheat, tobacco, gram, linseed, rapeseed and mustard. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (binomial name Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rapaseed and (in the case of one particular group of Mustard seeds are the small seeds of the various Mustard plants The seeds are about 2 mm in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black The ground is prepared by the end of October or the beginning of November and the crops are harvested by March.

About 86% of the area is arable, and of that 96% is cultivated. About 75% of the area is irrigated, through tubewells and an extensive system of canals. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Haryana contributed significantly to the Green Revolution in India in the 1970s that made the country self-sufficient in food production. The Green Revolution refers to the transformation of Agriculture that began in 1945 at the request of the Mexican government to establish an agricultural research station to Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an The state has also significantly contributed to the field of agricultural education in the country. Asia's biggest agricultural University^[32] - Chaudhry Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University is located at Hisar, which has already made a significant contribution in ushering 'Green Revolution'.

Haryana has a tremendous irrigation infrastructure. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops Irrigation in Haryana uses water either from underground or from surface through canals. Numerous canals have been dug and pumps put up to make sure that the farmer doesn’t pack up and leave in times of drought. Currently in Hrayana, the most important technology for groundwater irrigation is the use of tubewells with pump. Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations

Dairy Farming

Dairy farming is also an essential part of the rural economy. Dairy farming is a class of agricultural, or an Animal husbandry enterprise for long-term production of Milk, which may be either processed on-site or An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Haryana has a livestock population of 98. Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food 97 lakh. ^[33]Milk and milk products form an essential part of the local diet. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Dairy products are generally defined as Foodstuffs produced from Milk. There is the saying Desaan main des Haryana, jit doodh dahi ka khaana, which means "Best among all the countries in the world is Haryana, where the staple food is milk and yoghurt". Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Yoghurt, yogurt, yoghourt, youghurt or yogourt (see spelling below is a Haryana, with 660 grams of availability of milk per capita per day, ranks at number two in the country as against the national average of 232 grams. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. ^[34]^[35] There is a vast network of milk societies that support the dairy industry. The National Dairy Research Institute^[36] at Karnal, and the Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes at Hisar are instrumental in development of new breeds of cattle and propagation of these breeds through embryo transfer technology. Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF whereby one or several Embryos are placed into the Uterus The Murrah breed of water buffalo from Haryana is world-famous for its milk production. The Murrah breed of Water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) is the premier milking buffalo

Roads and Infrastructure

Delhi-gurgaon Expressway

Delhi Gurgaon Ecpressway with DLF office complex behind

Haryana is a trend setter in the field of passenger transport. This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used It has total length of 23684 kilometers. The remotest parts of the state are linked with mettaled roads. A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. Its modernbus fleet of 3,864 buses covers a distance of 1. 15 million Kilometers per day. It was the first State in the country to introduce luxury video coaches. ^[37] Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads it reaches Haryana, passing through the districts of Sonipat,Panipat,Karnal,Kurukshetra and Ambala. The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road is one of South Asia 's oldest and longest major roads WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sonipat ( Punjabi: ਸੋਨੀਪਤ سونیپت Hindi: सोनीपत Also spelled WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panipat ( Hindi: पानीपत is an ancient and historic city in Panipat District, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karnal ( Hindi: करनाल is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District Kurukshetra ( Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र is the name of a City in Kurukshetra District of the Indian state of Haryana हरियाणा WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a The state government proposes to construct Express highway and free ways for speedier vehicular traffic. The 135. 6-km long Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway(KMP) will provide high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as Sonepat, Jhajjar, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The construction work for 1356-km long Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway also known as the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP expressway is going on at full swing The work on the project has already started and is scheduled to be completed by July. 2009. ^[38] Haryana is in close contact with the cosmopolitan world, being closer to Delhi. International and domestic airports, diplomatic and commercial complexes are located in close proximity with the state viz a viz other emerging industrial andresidential estates in and around Delhi. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population

Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of most important inputs for the development of the State. Haryana was the first State in the country to achieve 100% rural electrification in 1970,First in the country to link all villages with all weather roads and First in the country to provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the state^[39]

Haryana is well connected on the railway network as well. The main railway routes passing through Haryana are: Amritsar-Delhi, Rewari-Ahamdabad, Bhiwani-Rohtak-Delhi, Ambala-Ferozepur, Delhi-Ferozepur, Kalka-Jodhpur, Kalka-Hawrah, Amritsar-Hawrah and Delhi-Shimla

Communication and Media

Haryana has a state- wide network of efficient telecommunication facilities. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and most of the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices,Bharti Telecom, Idea and Vodafone Essar) have operations in the state. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a Public sector communications company Introduction Tata Teleservices Limited (TTSL is a part of the Tata Group of companies an Indian conglomerate Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August An idea is a form (such as a Thought) formed by Consciousness (including Mind) through the Process of ideation. Vodafone Essar, previously Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 16 telecom circles in India. Important areas around Delhi are already part of Local Delhi Mobile Telecommunication System. This network system would easily cover major towns like Faridabad,Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Kundli. Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. Bahadurgarh is a City and a Municipal council with 31 ward in Jhajjar district in the state of Haryana, India It is called "Gateway The major newspapers of haryana are punjab kesari,jag Bani,dainik Jagran, The Tribune, Amar Ujala,Punjabi Tribune,Hindustan Times,Dainik Bhaskar,The Times of India and HariBhumi. Dainik Jagran is a Hindi daily newspaper It is principally published in Northern India. The Tribune, now published from Chandigarh, New Delhi, Jalandhar and Bathinda started publication on February 2 1881 in Lahore Amar Ujala is a Hindi daily newspaper distributed in India, launched on April 18, 1948 as a 4-page newspaper with a circulation of 2576 Hindustan Times ( HT) is a leading newspaper in India, published since 1924 with roots in the independence movement Dainik Bhaskar is a Hindi -language daily Newspaper of India. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India.

Divisions

The state is divided into four divisions for administrative purpose - Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon and Hisar Division. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. Hisar ( Hindi: ‍हिसार( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ previously spelled as Hissar is a city in the state of Haryana, in northwestern There are 20 districts, 47 sub-divisions, 67 tehsils, 45 sub-tehsils and 116 blocks. Haryana has a total of 81 cities and towns. It has 6,759 villages.

Districts

Ambala Division

Gurgaon Division

Hisar Division

Rohtak Division

Education

The state of Haryana has made tremendous expansion in the field of higher education since its inception. Ambala district is one of the 20 districts of Haryana state in India. Kaithal (कैथल is a district of Haryana, state, India. Kurukshetra ( Hindī: कुरुक्षेत्र is the name of a district in the present-day Indian state of Haryana. Panchkula (पंचकुला़ is the newly formed 17th district of Haryana state in India. Yamuna Nagar (यमुनानगर is a district of Haryana state, India. Faridabad is a district in Haryana, and Faridabad city is the district headquarters Gurgaon District (गुड़गांव is one of the 19 districts of Haryana state, India. Mahendragarh (महेन्‍द्रगढ is one of the nineteen districts of Haryana state, India. Mewat ( Hindi: मेवात is a district of Haryana, India. Rewari (रेवाडी़ is one of the 19 districts of Haryana state, India. Bhiwani (भिवानी a district in Haryana, India, has an area of 5099 sq Fatehabad (फतेहाबाद is one of the nineteen districts of Haryana state, India. Hisar district ( Hindi: ह‍िसार is one of the 19 districts of Haryana state India. Jind ( Hindi: जींद is one of the districts of Haryana state India, and Jind town is the district headquarters Sirsa district ( Hindi: सिरसा is one of the districts of Haryana state India. Jhajjar (झज्‍जर is one of the twenty one districts of Haryana state, India. Karnal (करनाल is a district of Haryana. The district headquarters is Karnal town Panipat (पानीपत is a district in Haryana state, India. Area 166847 km² Sonipat ( Hindi: सोनीपत is one of the districts of Haryana state, India, and Sonipat town is the district headquarters Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency It has been the endeavor of the government to make educational facilities available within the reach of the children. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. 32 primary schools, 69 middle schools and 101 high schools were upgraded to middle, high and senior secondary respectively during the year 2004-05. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Now accessibility to schooling is available within the radius of 1. Remote Authentication Dial In User Service ( RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized access authorization and accounting management for people or computers 10 km, 1. 38 km, 1. 66 km and 2. 79 km at the primary, middle, high and senior secondary level respectively. ^[40]During 2001-02, there were 11,013 primary schools, 1,918 middle schools, 3,023 high schools and 1,301 senior secondary schools in the state. ^[41] Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior secondary levels twice a year. Haryana Board of Education is the authority which conducts the Public Examinations at Middle Matric and Senior Secondary (Academic & Vocational levels twice a year in the state of Haryana WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhiwani is a city and a Municipal council in Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana Over seven lakh candidates attend annual examinations in February and March, and 150,000 attend supplementary examinations each November. The Board also conducts examinations for Haryana Open School at senior and senior secondary levels twice a year. ^[42] The Haryana government provides free education to women up to graduation level.

Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak

Leading Institute for Technical Education in Haryana is NIT Kurukshetra. National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra or NIT Kurukshetra (earlier Regional Engineering College Kurukshetra is a public technical University wholly Earlier it was famous by the name REC (Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra). There are five universities in the state. Technical education and management studies are provided by Maharishi Dayanand University at Rohtak, Kurukshetra University at Kurukshetra, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology at Hisar and Chaudhary Devi Lal University at Sirsa. Maharshi Dayanand University ( MDU) is a public university located at Rohtak, Haryana, India. Rohtak (रोहतक is a Municipal council located in Rohtak District in the Haryana state of India on N Kurukshetra University ( Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र विश्वविद्यालय was established in 1956 as a Unitary Residential University and Kurukshetra ( Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र is the name of a City in Kurukshetra District of the Indian state of Haryana हरियाणा Profile Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology was established on October 201995 and is located at Hisar, Haryana, India. Hisar ( Hindi: ‍हिसार( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ previously spelled as Hissar is a city in the state of Haryana, in northwestern Chaudhary Devi Lal University, named after Chaudhary Devi Lal, the former Deputy Prime Minister of India was established by the Government of Haryana Sirsa may refer to Sirsa Haryana Sirsa Uttar Pradesh SpecialShortpages Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University at Hisar is one of the biggest agricultural universities in Asia. Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia 's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar ( Hindi: ‍हिसार( Punjabi: ਅੰਬਾਲਾ previously spelled as Hissar is a city in the state of Haryana, in northwestern It is engaged in education, research and development related to agriculture. The National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal provides education in the field of dairy science. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karnal ( Hindi: करनाल is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District It has been upgraded to the level of a Deemed University. Deemed university is a status of autonomy granted to high performing institutes and departments of various universities in India. There are medical colleges in Rohtak, Mullana and Agroha. Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak is a premier post graduate medical institute in North India offering courses in major specialties and super specialties of medicine. Pt BD Sharma PGIMS Rohtak is a premier post graduate medical institute in North India located in the city of Rohtak in Haryana Also, there is Management Development Institute at Gurgaon which is amongst the premier management institutes of India.

Sports and Youth Development

Kabbadi match in progress

Haryana is one of the leading state in sports as well. During the 33rd National games held in Assam in 2007 Haryana stood at no. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city 4^[43] with a medal tally of 80 incliding 30 gold 22 silver and 28 bronze medals. In the team games haryana is the national champion in men volleyball and women hockey. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck Haryana is the traditional powerhouse in games like kabbadi,kho-kho,judo,boxing and wrestling. Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (கபடி otherwise known as சடுகுடுకబడ్డీ ਕਬੱਡੀ कबड्डी कबड्डीکبڈی Kho Kho is an Indian sport played by teams of twelve players who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team only 9 players of the team enter the field meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent Sports in the state are managed by the Department of Sports & Youth Affairs, Haryana. Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Nahar Singh international cricket stadium in Faridabad was built in 1981. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. The ground has a capacity of to hold around 25,000 people^[44] The Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Panchkula is a multi-sport complex. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panchkula (पंचकुला़ ਪੰਚਕੁਲਾ is a planned city in Panchkula District, ^[45] The ground came into prominence because of the Indian Cricket League's inaugural Twenty20 tournament. The Indian Cricket League (ICL is a private Cricket league that runs parallel to the Indian Premier League (IPL managed by BCCI. The DLF golf course in Gurgaon offers challenging play for golfers of all skill levels and a natural beauty that envelops your senses. Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. ^[46]

References

47.  http://www.nitkkr.ac.in/

External links

The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

Dictionary

-proper noun

State in northern India which has Chandigarh as its capital.

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