Harold Pinter
On the steps of his house, fielding questions from the press, the afternoon of Nobel Prize in Literature announcement (13 Oct. 2005). The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Born	October 10, 1930 (1930-10-10) (age 77) Hackney, London, England
Occupation	playwright, screenwriter, poet, actor, director, author, political activist
Nationality	British
Writing period	1950–
Genres	drama, film, poetry, fiction, essay
Notable award(s)	Légion d'honneur 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 Companion of Honour 2002 Laurence Olivier Special Award 1996 David Cohen Prize 1995 Commander of the British Empire 1966
Spouse(s)	Antonia Fraser (1980– ); Vivien Merchant (1956–1980)
Children	Six stepchildren with Fraser Daniel Brand with Merchant
Influences Samuel Beckett, Luis Buñuel, Franz Kafka, Wilfred Owen, Marcel Proust, William Shakespeare, Surrealism
Influenced Jez Butterworth, Michael Frayn, David Mamet, Patrick Marber, Martin McDonagh, and Václav Havel
Official website http://www.haroldpinter.org/home/index.shtml

Harold Pinter, CH, CBE, Nobel Laureate (born 10 October 1930), is an English playwright, screenwriter, actor, director, poet and political activist. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The London Borough of Hackney ( is a London borough in North-East London and forms part of Inner London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. An essay is usually a short piece of writing It is often written from an author's personal point of view. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. The Laurence Olivier Award is regarded as the most prestigious award in British theatre and is presented in recognition of artistic achievement in London theatre The David Cohen Prize is a literary prize awarded every two years to a writer novelist short-story writer poet essayist or dramatist in recognition of an entire body of work written in the English The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Lady Antonia Fraser, CBE (born 27 August 1932 née Pakenham, is an English author of history and novels best known as Antonia Fraser for writing Vivien Merchant (born July 22, 1929 in Manchester, England; died October 3, 1982) was a British actress who was born Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 &ndash 29 July 1983 was a Spanish -born Filmmaker and naturalized Mexican who worked mainly in Mexico Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 &ndash 4 November 1918 was an English Poet and Soldier, regarded by many as one of the leading Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (maʁsɛl pʁust (10 July 1871 &ndash 18 November 1922 was a French Novelist Essayist and Critic William Shakespeare ( baptised Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Jez Butterworth (born March 1969 is a playwright screen writer and film director who attended Verulam comprehensive School St Albans and St Michael Frayn (born 8 September 1933 is an English playwright and novelist David Alan Mamet (born November 30, 1947) is an American Author, Essayist, Playwright, Screenwriter and Patrick Albert Crispin Marber (born 19 September, 1964) is an English Comedian, Playwright, Director, Actor Martin McDonagh (born 26 March 1970 is a contemporary Irish playwright and Film director. Václav Havel, GCB, CC, ( (born October 5, 1936) is a Czech Playwright Writer and Politician The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change After publishing poetry as a teenager and acting in school plays, Pinter began his theatrical career in the mid-1950s as a rep actor using the stage name David Baron. For other meanings of repertory please see Repertory (disambiguation. During a writing career spanning over half a century, beginning with his first play, The Room (1957), Pinter has written 29 stage plays; 26 screenplays; many dramatic sketches, radio and TV plays; much more poetry; some short fiction; a novel; and essays, speeches, and letters. The Room is the title of the first play written by Harold Pinter. He is best known as a playwright and screenwriter, especially for The Birthday Party (1957), The Caretaker (1959), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), all of which he has adapted to film, and for his screenplay adaptations of others' works, such as The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1970), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays The Caretaker is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, first published in 1959. The Homecoming is a two-act award-winning play written in 1964 by Nobel laureate, Harold Pinter. Betrayal is a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978 The play deals with an Affair that entangles a married couple Emma and Robert and their close The Servant is a 1963 British Film, directed by Joseph Losey and starring Dirk Bogarde, Sarah Miles The Go-Between is a 1970 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by L The French Lieutenant's Woman is a 1981 film directed by Karel Reisz and adapted by Playwright Harold Pinter. The Trial is a 1993 film made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC based on Harold Pinter 's screenplay adaptation of Franz Kafka Sleuth is a 2007 film directed by Kenneth Branagh based on Harold Pinter 's screenplay adaptation of the Tony Award -winning play He has also directed almost 50 stage, TV, and film productions of his own and others' works. ^[1] Despite frail health since 2001, he has continued to act on stage and screen, most recently in the October 2006 critically-acclaimed production of Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape, during the 50th anniversary season of the Royal Court. Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Krapp's Last Tape is a one-act play, written in English by Samuel Beckett. Court Theatre The Royal Court Theatre is a non-commercial theatre on Sloane Square, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. He also continues to write (mostly poetry), to give interviews, and to speak about political issues.

Pinter's dramas often involve strong conflicts among ambivalent characters fighting for verbal and territorial dominance and for their own remembered versions of the past; stylistically, they are marked by theatrical pauses and silences, comedic timing, provocative imagery, witty dialogue, ambiguity, irony, and menace ("Biobibliographical Notes"). Thematically ambiguous, they raise complex issues of individual human identity oppressed by social forces, the power of language, and vicissitudes of memory. ^[2] Like his work, Pinter has been considered complex and contradictory (Billington, Harold Pinter 388).

Although Pinter publicly eschewed applying the term "political theatre" to his own work in 1981, he began writing overtly political plays in the mid-'80s, reflecting his own heightening political interests and changes in his personal life. In the history of theatre there is long tradition of performances addressing issues of current events and central to society itself encouraging consciousness and social change ^[3] This "new direction" in his work and his "Leftist" political activism stimulated additional critical debate about Pinter's politics. ^[3] Pinter, his work, and his politics have been the subject of voluminous critical commentary ("Biobibliographical Notes"; Merritt, Pinter in Play; Grimes).

Pinter has received seventeen honorary degrees and numerous awards and honors. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding Academic institutions and performing arts organizations have devoted symposia, festivals, and celebrations to honoring him and his work, in recognition of his cultural influence and achievements across genres and media. In awarding Pinter the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005, the Swedish Academy cited him for being "generally regarded as the foremost representative of British drama in the second half of the 20th century. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred The Swedish Academy (Svenska Akademien founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. "^[4] His Nobel Lecture, Art, Truth & Politics provoked extensive public controversy, with some media commentators accusing Pinter of "anti-Americanism" (Allen-Mills). "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" Yet Pinter emphasizes that he criticizes policies and practices of American administrations, not American citizens, many of whom he recognizes as "demonstrably sickened, shamed and angered by their government's actions" (Various Voices 243; Art, Truth & Politics 21). ^[5] In January 2007 Pinter received the Légion d'honneur, France's highest civil honor, particularly "because in seeking to capture all the facets of the human spirit, [Pinter's] works respond to the aspirations of the French public, and its taste for an understanding of man and of what is truly universal. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "^[6] On 11 December 2007 the British Library announced that it had purchased Pinter's literary archive for ₤1. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency 1 million (approx. $2. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 24 million). ^[7][8][9]

Biography

Personal background

Pinter was born on 10 October 1930, in the London Borough of Hackney, to "very respectable, Jewish, lower middle class," native English parents of Eastern-European ancestry; his father, Jack Pinter (1902–1997), was a "ladies' tailor" and his mother, Frances (née Moskowitz; 1904–1992), "kept what is called an immaculate house" and was "a wonderful cook" (Pinter, as quoted in Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 103; Billington, Harold Pinter 1–2). Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The London Borough of Hackney ( is a London borough in North-East London and forms part of Inner London. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Correcting general knowledge about Pinter's family background, Michael Billington, Pinter's authorized biographer, documents that "three of Pinter's grandparents hail from Poland and one from Odessa, making them Ashkenazic rather than Sephardic Jews" (Harold Pinter 1–5). Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural His evacuation to Cornwall and Reading from London during 1940 and 1941 before and during the Blitz and facing "the life-and-death intensity of daily experience" at that time influenced him profoundly. Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II were designed to save the population of urban or military areas from German aerial bombing Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ as Redding) is a town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, midway between London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. "His prime memories of evacuation today [circa 1994] are of loneliness, bewilderment, separation and loss: themes that are in all his works" (Billington, Harold Pinter 5–10). ^[10]

Education

Although he was a "solitary" only child, he "discovered his true potential" as a student at Hackney Downs Grammar School, "where Pinter spent the formative years from 1944 to 1948. Hackney Downs School, was a comprehensive secondary school located near Hackney Downs in the London Borough of Hackney. … Partly through the school and partly through the social life of Hackney Boys' Club … he formed an almost sacerdotal belief in the power of male friendship. The friends he made in those days—most particularly Henry Woolf, Michael (Mick) Goldstein and Morris (Moishe) Wernick—have always been a vital part of the emotional texture of his life" (Billington, Harold Pinter 11; cf. Henry Woolf (born 1930 is a British Actor, Theatre director, and teacher of acting drama and theatre who lives in Canada, and a longtime friend Woolf). Significantly "inspired" by his English teacher, mentor, and friend Joseph Brearley, "Pinter shone at English, wrote for the school magazine and discovered a gift for acting" (Billington, Harold Pinter 10–11). He wrote poetry frequently and published some of it as a teenager, as he has continued to do throughout his career. He played Romeo and Macbeth in 1947 and 1948, in productions directed by Brearley (Billington, Harold Pinter 13–14). Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the Macbeth is among the best-known of William Shakespeare 's plays, and is his shortest tragedy, believed to have been written some time between He especially enjoyed running and broke the Hackney Downs school sprinting record (Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 28–29).

Sport and friendship

Pinter has been an avid cricket enthusiast most of his life, taking his cricket bat with him when he was evacuated as a pre-teenager during the Blitz (Billington, Life and Work 7–9; 410). Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries In 1971 he told Gussow: "one of my main obsessions in life is the game of cricket—I play and watch and read about it all the time" (Conversations with Pinter 25). Being Chairman of the Gaieties Cricket Club and a "lifetime support[er] of the Yorkshire Cricket Club (8), Pinter devotes a section of his official website to "Cricket" ("Gaieties Cricket Club"). Yorkshire County Cricket Club, who represent the historic county of Yorkshire, are one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket One wall of his study is dominated by "A huge portrait of a younger, vigorous Mr. Pinter playing cricket, one of his great passions … The painted Mr. Pinter, poised to swing his bat, has a wicked glint in his eye; testosterone all but flies off the canvas" ("Still Pinteresque" 16 [illus. ]). As Billington documents, "Robert Winder observes how even Pinter's passion for cricket is far removed from a jocular, country-house pursuit: 'Harold stands for a different tradition, a more urban and exacting idea of cricket as a bold theatre of aggression' " (Harold Pinter 410). Robert Winder, formerly Literary Editor of The Independent for five years and Deputy Editor of Granta magazine during the late 1990s is the

Other main loves or interests that he has mentioned to Gussow, Billington, and other interviewers (in varying order of priority) are family, love (of women) and sex, drinking, writing, and reading (e. g. , Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 25–30; Billington, Harold Pinter 7–16; Merritt, Pinter in Play 194). According to Billington, "If the notion of male loyalty, competitive rivalry and fear of betrayal forms a constant thread in Pinter's work from The Dwarfs onwards, its origins can be found in his teenage Hackney years. Pinter adores women, enjoys flirting with them, worships their resilience and strength. But, in his early work especially, they are often seen as disruptive influences on some pure, Platonic ideal of male friendship: one of the most crucial of all Pinter's lost Edens" (Harold Pinter 10–12; cf. Amor Platonicus The term amor platonicus was coined as early as the 15th century by the Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, Woolf).

Early theatrical training and stage experience

Beginning in autumn 1948, Pinter attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) for two terms, but "Loathing" RADA, he cut most of his classes, feigned a nervous breakdown, and dropped out in 1949 (Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25, 31–35; Batty, About Pinter 7). The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ( RADA) in Bloomsbury, London, is generally regarded as one of the most prestigious Drama schools in the world That year he was also "called up for National Service," registered as a conscientious objector, was brought to trial twice, and ultimately fined by the magistrate for refusing to serve (Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25). "National Service" redirects here For national service in other countries see National service. A conscientious objector (CO is an individual who on religious moral or ethical grounds refuses to participate as a combatant in war or in some cases to take any role that would support He had a "walk-on" role in Dick Whittington and His Cat at the Chesterfield Hippodrome in 1949–50 (Billington, Harold Pinter 37; Batty, About Pinter 8). Richard Whittington (c 1354&ndash1423 was a Medieval Merchant and Politician, and the real-life inspiration for the Pantomime character Dick ^[1] From January to July 1951, he "endured six months at the Central School of Speech and Drama" (Billington, Harold Pinter 31, 36, 38; Batty, About Pinter xiii, 8). The Central School of Speech and Drama was founded in 1906 by Elsie Fogerty to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young Actors and other students From 1951–52, he toured Ireland with the Anew McMaster repertory company, playing over a dozen roles (Pinter, "Mac", Various Voices 27–34). In 1952 he began regional repertory acting jobs in England; from 1953–54, he worked for the Donald Wolfit Company, King's Theatre, Hammersmith, performing eight roles (Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25; 31, 36, 37–41). Sir Donald Wolfit, KBE ( April 20, 1902 – February 17, 1968) was an English Actor -manager knighted in 1957 Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in West London, approximately 5 miles (8km west of Charing Cross on ^[1] From 1954 until 1959, Harold Pinter acted under the stage name "David Baron". (Pinter's paternal "grandmother's maiden name was Baron … he adopted it as his stage-name … [and] used it [Baron] for the autobiographical character of Mark in the first draft of [his novel] The Dwarfs" [Billington, Harold Pinter 3, 47–48]. ) As Batty observes: "Following his brief stint with Wolfit's company in 1953, this was to be Pinter's daily life for five years, and his prime manner of earning a living alongside stints as a waiter, a postman, a bouncer and snow-clearer whilst all the time harbouring ambitions as a poet and writer" (About Pinter 10).

In Pinter: The Player's Playwright, David Thompson "itemises all the performances Pinter gave in the [David] Baron years," including those in English regional repertory companies, nearly twenty-five roles (Cited in Billington, Harold Pinter 49–55). In October 1989, Pinter told Mel Gussow: "I was in English rep as an actor for about 12 years. Melvyn (Mel H Gussow (pronounced GUSS-owe He went to Middlebury College, where he was editor of The Campus and was graduated in 1955 with a Bachelors degree in American My favourite roles were undoubtedly the sinister ones. They're something to get your teeth into" (Conversations with Pinter 83). During that period, he also performed occasional roles in his own and others' works (for radio, TV, and film), as he has done more recently (Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25; 31, 36, 38). ^[1]

Marriage and family life

First marriage

From 1956 until 1980, Pinter was married to Vivien Merchant, a rep actress whom he met on tour, probably best known for her performance in the original film Alfie (1966); their son, Daniel, was born in 1958 (Billington, Harold Pinter 54, 75). Vivien Merchant (born July 22, 1929 in Manchester, England; died October 3, 1982) was a British actress who was born For other meanings of repertory please see Repertory (disambiguation. Alfie is a 1966 British film starring Michael Caine. It is an adaptation by Bill Naughton of his own Novel and play Through the early '70s, Merchant appeared in many of Pinter's works, most notably The Homecoming on stage (1965) and screen (1973), but the marriage was turbulent and began disintegrating in the mid-1960s (252–56). The Homecoming is a two-act award-winning play written in 1964 by Nobel laureate, Harold Pinter. For seven years, from 1962 to 1969, Pinter was engaged in a clandestine affair with Joan Bakewell, which informed his play Betrayal (1978) (264–66). Dame Joan Dawson Bakewell DBE (born 16 April 1933 in Stockport) is an English Journalist and Television presenter Betrayal is a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978 The play deals with an Affair that entangles a married couple Emma and Robert and their close Between 1975 and 1980, he lived with historian Lady Antonia Fraser, wife of Sir Hugh Fraser (272–76), and, in 1975, Merchant filed for divorce ("People"). Lady Antonia Fraser, CBE (born 27 August 1932 née Pakenham, is an English author of history and novels best known as Antonia Fraser for writing Major Sir Hugh Charles Patrick Joseph Fraser MBE ( 23 January 1918 &ndash 6 March 1984) was a British Conservative

Second marriage

After the Frasers' divorce became final in 1977 and the Pinters' in 1980, in the third week of October 1980, Pinter married Antonia Fraser. Due to a two-week delay in Merchant's signing the divorce papers, however, the reception had to precede the actual ceremony, originally scheduled "to coincide with Pinter's fiftieth birthday" on 10 October 1980 (271–72). Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar)

Unable to overcome her bitterness and grief at the loss of her husband, Vivien Merchant died of acute alcoholism in the first week of October 1982 at the age of 53 (Billington, Harold Pinter 276). ^[11] According to Billington, who cites Merchant's close friends and Pinter's associates, Pinter "did everything possible to support" her until her death and regrets that he became estranged from their son, Daniel, after their separation and Pinter's remarriage (276, 345). A reclusive gifted musician and writer (345), Daniel no longer uses the surname Pinter, having adopted instead "his maternal grandmother's maiden name," Brand, after his parents separated (255). "His efforts to reach out … rebuffed," Pinter has not spoken with him since 1993; " 'There it is,' he said" (Lyall, "Still Pinteresque").

Personal feelings

Billington observes that "Pinter's new life with Antonia … obviously released something that had long been dormant: a preoccupation with the injustices and hypocrisies of the public world"; yet, his "sorrow, and even residual guilt, over Vivien's death" still seems to have resulted in "Pinter's creative blankness over a three-year period in the early 1980s" (Harold Pinter 278). Since Pinter "loves children and … would have liked a large family of his own, the progressive separation from Daniel is obviously a source of anguish" which Billington speculates is "reflected in Moonlight" (written in 1993, the year that Pinter and his son mutually decided to cease contact), "not only in Andy's cry of 'Where are the boys?' but in his final sad enquiries after his imagined grandchildren," though Pinter disavowed any conscious connection (346). Moonlight is a play by Harold Pinter premiered at the Almeida Theatre in September 1993

Pinter has stated publicly in interviews that he remains "very happy" in his second marriage and enjoys family life, which includes his six adult stepchildren and sixteen step-grandchildren (Billington, Harold Pinter 388, 429–30), and, after vanquishing cancer, considers himself "a very lucky man in every respect" (Quoted in Wark; Billington, " 'They said' "). ^[12] According to Lyall, who interviewed him in London for her Sunday New York Times preview of Sleuth, Pinter's "latest work, a slim pamphlet called 'Six Poems for A. Sleuth is a 2007 film directed by Kenneth Branagh based on Harold Pinter 's screenplay adaptation of the Tony Award -winning play ,' comprises poems written over 32 years, with 'A' being Lady Antonia. The first of the poems was written in Paris, where she and Mr. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Pinter traveled soon after they met. More than three decades later the two are rarely apart, and Mr. Pinter turns soft, even cozy, when he talks about his wife" ("Still Pinteresque" 16). In his interview with Lyall, Pinter "acknowledged that his plays––full of infidelity, cruelty, inhumanity, the lot––seem at odds with his domestic contentment. 'How can you write a happy play?' he said. 'Drama is about conflict and degrees of perturbation, disarray. I've never been able to write a happy play, but I've been able to enjoy a happy life' " ("Still Pinteresque" 16).

Career

Further information: Works of Harold Pinter and Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work

1957–2005

Pinter is the author of twenty-nine plays, fifteen dramatic sketches, twenty-six screenplays and film scripts for cinema and television, a novel, and other prose fiction, essays, and speeches, many poems, and co-author of two works for stage and radio. Works of Harold Pinter See also Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work Stage and television plays The Room See also Works of Harold Pinter Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work describes prominent features of the works of British playwright screenwriter poet and author Along with the 1967 Tony Award for Best Play for The Homecoming and several other American awards and award nominations, he and his plays have received many awards in the UK and elsewhere throughout the world. What is popularly called the Tony Award (formally the Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre) is an annual award celebrating achievements in live American The Homecoming is a two-act award-winning play written in 1964 by Nobel laureate, Harold Pinter. ^[13] His screenplays for The French Lieutenant's Woman and Betrayal were nominated for Academy Awards in the category of "Writing: Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium" in 1981 and 1983, respectively. The French Lieutenant's Woman is a 1981 film directed by Karel Reisz and adapted by Playwright Harold Pinter. Betrayal is a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978 The play deals with an Affair that entangles a married couple Emma and Robert and their close "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film.

The Room (1957)

Pinter's first play, The Room, written in 1957, was a student production at the University of Bristol, "commissioned" and directed by his good friend (later acclaimed) actor Henry Woolf, who also originated the role of Mr. The Room is the title of the first play written by Harold Pinter. the University (or derivatives but lower-case when referring to many universitiesor universities Henry Woolf (born 1930 is a British Actor, Theatre director, and teacher of acting drama and theatre who lives in Canada, and a longtime friend Kidd (which he reprised in 2001 and 2007). After Pinter had mentioned that he had an "idea" for a play, Woolf asked him to write it so that he could direct it as part of fulfilling requirements for his postgraduate work. Pinter wrote it in three days (Qtd. in Merritt, "Talking about Pinter" 147). To mark and celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of that first production of The Room, Woolf reprised his role of Mr. Kidd, as well as his role of the Man in Pinter's play Monologue, in April 2007 as part of an international conference at the University of Leeds, "Artist and Citizen: 50 Years of Performing Pinter". The University of Leeds is a major teaching and research University in Leeds, West Yorkshire; one of the largest in the United Kingdom with See also Harold Pinter Honors and awards to Harold Pinter Harold Pinter and academia concerns academic recognition of and scholarship pertaining to 2005

"Comedies of menace"

The Birthday Party (1957), Pinter's second play and among his best-known, was initially a disaster, despite a rave review in the Sunday Times by its influential drama critic Harold Hobson, which appeared only after the production had closed and could not be reprieved (Hobson, "The Screw Turns Again"). The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Sir Harold Hobson ( 4 August 1904 - 12 March 1992) was an influential English drama critic and author ^[14] Critical accounts often quote Hobson's prophetic words:

One of the actors in Harold Pinter[']s The Birthday Party at the Lyric, Hammersmith, announces in the programme that he read History at Oxford, and took his degree with Fourth Class Honours. The Lyric Hammersmith is a Theatre on King Street in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, which takes pride in its original "groundbreaking" productions The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of Higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing Now I am well aware that Mr Pinter[']s play received extremely bad notices last Tuesday morning. At the moment I write these it is uncertain even whether the play will still be in the bill by the time they appear, though it is probable it will soon be seen elsewhere. Deliberately, I am willing to risk whatever reputation I have as a judge of plays by saying that The Birthday Party is not a Fourth, not even a Second, but a First; and that Pinter, on the evidence of his work, possesses the most original, disturbing and arresting talent in theatrical London. … Mr Pinter and The Birthday Party, despite their experiences last week, will be heard of again. Make a note of their names.

Hobson is generally credited by Pinter himself and other critics as bolstering him and perhaps even rescuing his career (Billington, Harold Pinter 85); for example, in their September 1993 interview, Pinter told the New York Times critic Mel Gussow: "I felt pretty discouraged before Hobson. Melvyn (Mel H Gussow (pronounced GUSS-owe He went to Middlebury College, where he was editor of The Campus and was graduated in 1955 with a Bachelors degree in American He had a tremendous influence on my life" (141).

In a review published in 1958, borrowing from the subtitle of The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace, a play by David Campton (1924–2006), critic Irving Wardle called Pinter's early plays "comedy of menace"—a label that people have applied repeatedly to his work, at times "pigeonholing" and attempting to "tame" it. David Campton ( June 5, 1924 &ndash September 9, 2006) was a prolific British dramatist who wrote plays for the stage radio and cinema See also Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work, Selected bibliography for Harold Pinter Comedy of menace is a term used to describe the plays of David ^[15][16] Such plays begin with an apparently innocent situation that becomes both threatening and "absurd" as Pinter's characters behave in ways often perceived as inexplicable by his audiences and one another. Absurdism is a Philosophy stating that the efforts of humanity to find meaning in the Universe ultimately fail (and hence are absurd because no such Pinter acknowledges the influence of Samuel Beckett, particularly on his early work (Billington, Harold Pinter 64, 65, 84, 197, 251); they became friends (354), sending each other drafts of their works in progress for comments (Wark). Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet

After the success of The Caretaker in 1960, which established Pinter's theatrical reputation (Jones), The Birthday Party was revived both on television (with Pinter himself in the role of Goldberg) and on stage and well received. The Caretaker is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, first published in 1959. By the time Peter Hall's production of The Homecoming (1964) reached New York (1967), Harold Pinter had become a celebrity playwright, and the play garnered four Tony awards, among other awards ("Harold Pinter" at the Internet Broadway Database). The Homecoming is a two-act award-winning play written in 1964 by Nobel laureate, Harold Pinter. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented The Internet Broadway Database ( IBDB) is an online Database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel

"Memory plays"

From the late sixties through the early eighties, Pinter wrote Landscape, Silence, "Night", Old Times, No Man's Land, Betrayal, The Proust Screenplay, Family Voices, and A Kind of Alaska, all of which dramatize complex ambiguities, elegaic mysteries, comic vagaries, and other "quicksand"-like characteristics of memory and which critics sometimes categorize as Pinter's "memory plays". Landscape is a One act play published by Playwright Harold Pinter in 1967 Old Times is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter. It was first performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Aldwych Theatre No Man's Land is a play by 2005 Nobel in Literature Laureate Harold Pinter written in 1974 and first produced and published in 1975 Betrayal is a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978 The play deals with an Affair that entangles a married couple Emma and Robert and their close Family Voices is a play by Harold Pinter. It was originally written in 1980 as a radio play and was first broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on January 22 In Psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store retain and subsequently retrieve information Pinter's more-recent plays Party Time (1991), Moonlight (1993), Ashes to Ashes (1996), and Celebration (2000) draw upon some features of his "memory" dramaturgy in their focus on the past in the present, but they have personal and political resonances and other tonal differences from these more-clearly-identifiable "memory plays" (Billington, Harold Pinter; Batty; Grimes). Moonlight is a play by Harold Pinter premiered at the Almeida Theatre in September 1993 Ashes to Ashes is a 1996 play by English playwright Harold Pinter. Celebration is a play by British Playwright Harold Pinter. It was first presented as a Double-bill with Pinter's first Dramaturgy is the art of Dramatic composition and the representation of the main elements of drama on the stage

Pinter as director

Pinter began to direct more frequently during the 1970s, becoming an associate director of the National Theatre (NT) in 1973, and he has directed almost fifty productions of his own and others' plays for stage, film, and television. The Royal National Theatre, located on the South Bank in the London Borough of Lambeth, England. As a director, Pinter has helmed productions of work by Simon Gray ten times, including directing the stage premières of Butley (1971), Otherwise Engaged (1975), The Rear Column (stage 1978; TV, 1980), Close of Play (NT, 1979), Quartermaine's Terms (1981), Life Support (1997), The Late Middle Classes (1999), and The Old Masters (2004), and the film, Butley (1974), several of which starred Alan Bates (1934–2003), who originated (on stage and screen) the role of Mick in Pinter's first commercial success, The Caretaker (1960), and played the roles of Nicholas in One for the Road and the cab driver in Victoria Station in Pinter's own double-bill production at the Lyric Hammersmith in 1984. Simon James Holliday Gray CBE ( October 21, 1936 – August 7, 2008) was a prolific postwar British playwright whose work was performed Butley is a 1971 play by Simon Gray. The title character a literary professor and T Otherwise Engaged is a bleakly comic play by Britain's Simon Gray. Quartermaine's Terms is a play by Simon Gray. Plot The play takes place over a period of two years in the 1960s in the staffroom at a Cambridge Sir Alan Arthur Bates CBE (17 February 1934 – 27 December 2003 was a British Actor. The Caretaker is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, first published in 1959. One for the Road is a play written by Harold Pinter. It is one of his overtly- political plays and was published in 1984. See also Works of Harold Pinter Victoria Station is a short play for two actors by the English playwright Harold Pinter. The Lyric Hammersmith is a Theatre on King Street in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, which takes pride in its original "groundbreaking" productions ^[1]

Pinter's overtly political plays

Beginning in the mid-1980s, his plays tended to become shorter and more overtly political, serving as critiques of oppression, torture, and other abuses of human rights (Merritt, Pinter in Play xi–xv, 170–209; Grimes 19). Oppression is the act of using power to empower and/or privilege a group at the expense of disempowering marginalizing silencing and subordinating another group Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled In a 1985 interview called "A Play and Its Politics", with Nicholas Hern, published in the Grove Press edition of One for the Road, Pinter states that whereas his earlier plays presented "metaphors" for power and powerlessness, the later ones present literal "realities" of power and its abuse. Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1951 One for the Road is a play written by Harold Pinter. It is one of his overtly- political plays and was published in 1984. Grimes proposes, "If it is too much to say that Pinter faults himself for his earlier political inactivity, his political theater dramatizes the interplay and conflict of the opposing poles of involvement and disengagement" (19). From 1993 to 1999, reflecting both personal and political concerns, Pinter wrote Moonlight (1993) and Ashes to Ashes (1996), full-length plays with domestic settings relating to death and dying and (in the latter case) to such "atrocities" as the Holocaust. Moonlight is a play by Harold Pinter premiered at the Almeida Theatre in September 1993 Ashes to Ashes is a 1996 play by English playwright Harold Pinter. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as In this period, after the deaths of first his mother and then his father, again merging the personal and the political, Pinter wrote the poems "Death" (1997) (which he read in his 2005 Nobel Lecture) and "The Disappeared" (1998).

Lincoln Center Harold Pinter Festival (Summer 2001)

In July and August 2001, a Harold Pinter Festival celebrating his work was held at Lincoln Center in New York City, in which he participated as both a director (of a double bill pairing his newest play, Celebration, with his first play, The Room) and an actor (as Nicolas in One for the Road). The City of New York Celebration is a play by British Playwright Harold Pinter. It was first presented as a Double-bill with Pinter's first The Room is the title of the first play written by Harold Pinter. One for the Road is a play written by Harold Pinter. It is one of his overtly- political plays and was published in 1984. ^[17]

Harold Pinter Homage at World Leaders (Autumn 2001)

In October 2001, as part of the "Harold Pinter Homage" at the World Leaders Festival of Creative Genius, at Harbourfront Centre, in Toronto, following the reception and during the dinner honoring him, he presented a dramatic reading of Celebration (2000) and also participated in a public interview as part of the International Festival of Authors ("Harold Pinter Added to IFOA Lineup"; "Travel Advisory"). For medieval usage see Homage (medieval and Commendation ceremony, or Homage (disambiguation Homage (from the French Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Celebration is a play by British Playwright Harold Pinter. It was first presented as a Double-bill with Pinter's first Toronto, Canada, is a city of many Museums, Theatres, events and Sports.

That winter Pinter's collaboration with director Di Trevis resulted in their stage adaptation of his as-yet unfilmed 1972 work The Proust Screenplay, entitled Remembrance of Things Past (both based on Marcel Proust's famous seven-volume novel In Search of Lost Time), being produced at the National Theatre, in London. Remembrance of Things Past is the 2000 collaborative stage adaptation by Harold Pinter and director Di Trevis of Harold Pinter's as-yet unproduced Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (maʁsɛl pʁust (10 July 1871 &ndash 18 November 1922 was a French Novelist Essayist and Critic In Search of Lost Time or Remembrance of Things Past (À la recherche du temps perdu is a semi-autobiographical There was also a revival of The Caretaker in the West End. The Caretaker is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, first published in 1959. The West End of London is an area of Central London, England, containing many of the city's major tourist attractions businesses headquarters and the commercial

Career developments from 2001 to 2005

Late in 2001, Pinter was diagnosed with cancer of the esophagus, for which he underwent a successful operation and chemotherapy in 2002. Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the Esophagus. There are various subtypes Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. During the course of his treatment, he directed a production of his play No Man's Land, wrote and performed in his new sketch "Press Conference" for a two-part otherwise-retrospective production of his dramatic sketches at the National Theatre, and was seen on television in America in the role of Vivian Bearing's father in the HBO film version of Margaret Edson's Pulitzer Prize-winning play Wit. No Man's Land is a play by 2005 Nobel in Literature Laureate Harold Pinter written in 1974 and first produced and published in 1975 Margaret Edson (born July 4, 1961 in Washington DC) is an American Playwright. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, Wit is a play by the American and playwright Margaret Edson, her first play Since then, having become increasingly "engaged" as "a citizen," Pinter has continued to write and present politically-charged poetry, essays, speeches and two new screenplay adaptations of plays, based on Shakespeare's King Lear (completed in 2000 but unfilmed) and on Anthony Shaffer's Sleuth (written in 2005, with revisions completed later for the 2007 film Sleuth). King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606 and is considered one of his greatest works Sleuth is a 1970 play written by Anthony Shaffer. The play is set in the Wiltshire England manor house of Andrew Wyke an immensely successful mystery Sleuth is a 2007 film directed by Kenneth Branagh based on Harold Pinter 's screenplay adaptation of the Tony Award -winning play Pinter's most recent stage play, Celebration (2000), is more a social satire, with fewer political resonances than such plays as One for the Road (1984), Mountain Language (1988), Party Time (1991), and Ashes to Ashes (1996), the last three of which extend expressionistic aspects of Pinter's "memory plays". Celebration is a play by British Playwright Harold Pinter. It was first presented as a Double-bill with Pinter's first One for the Road is a play written by Harold Pinter. It is one of his overtly- political plays and was published in 1984. Mountain Language is a one-act play written by Harold Pinter, first published in the The Times Literary Supplement (TLS on 7–13 October 1988 Ashes to Ashes is a 1996 play by English playwright Harold Pinter. His most recent dramatic work for radio, Voices (2005), a collaboration with composer James Clarke, adapting such selected works by Pinter to music, premièred on BBC Radio 3 on his 75th birthday (10 Oct. 2005), three days before the announcement that he had won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature (13 Oct. 2005). James Clarke (born October 15, 1957) is an English composer sometimes associated with the New Complexity school Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Public announcement of "retirement" from playwriting (February 2005)

On 28 February 2005, in an interview with Mark Lawson on the BBC Radio 4 program Front Row, Pinter announced publicly that he would stop writing plays to dedicate himself to his political activism and writing poetry: "I think I've written 29 plays. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mark Gerard Lawson (born April 11, 1962) is an English journalist broadcaster and author Front Row is a radio programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4. The BBC describes the programme as a "live magazine programme on the world of arts literature film Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change I think it's enough for me. I think I've found other forms now. My energies are going in different directions—over the last few years I've made a number of political speeches at various locations and ceremonies … I'm using a lot of energy more specifically about political states of affairs, which I think are very, very worrying as things stand. "

Since 2005

After announcing in February 2005 that he would stop writing plays (Lawson), Pinter completed his screenplay for Sleuth and wrote a new dramatic sketch entitled "Apart From That", which he and Rupert Graves performed on television (Wark). Sleuth is a 2007 film directed by Kenneth Branagh based on Harold Pinter 's screenplay adaptation of the Tony Award -winning play Rupert Graves (born 30 June 1963) is an English Actor. Biography Personal life Graves was born in Weston-super-Mare In recent interviews and correspondence, he has vowed to " 'keep fighting' " politically (Lawson; Billington, Harold Pinter 395), and, in March 2006, in Turin, Italy, on being awarded the Europe Theatre Prize, he said that he would keep writing poetry until "I conk out" (Qtd. in Billington, " 'I've written' ").

"Let's Keep Fighting"^[18]

As he had announced that he planned to do, Pinter remains committed to writing and publishing poetry (e. g. , his poems "The Special Relationship", "Laughter", and "The Watcher") and to continuing political pressure against the "status quo," battling politically what he considers social injustices, as well as personally his post-esophageal cancer bouts of ill health, including "a rare skin disease called pemphigus"—that "very, very mysterious skin condition which emanated from the Brazilian jungle", as Pinter described it (Qtd. Social Injustice is a concept relating to the perceived unfairness or injustice of a Society in its divisions of rewards and burdens Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the Esophagus. There are various subtypes Pemphigus (from the Greek pemphix: bubble or blister is an Autoimmune disease of the Skin and mucous membranes that causes vesicles in Billington, " 'I've written' ")—and "a form of septicaemia which afflicts his feet and makes movement slow and laborious" (Billington, Harold Pinter 394; cf. Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by a whole-body inflammatory state (called a Systemic inflammatory response syndrome or SIRS caused Lyall, "Still Pinteresque").

In June 2006, prevailing over persistent health challenges, Billington observes in his updated "Afterword 'Let's Keep Fighting' ", Pinter attended "a celebration of his work in cinema organised by the British branch of the Academy of Motion Pictures," for which his friend and fellow playwright David Hare "organised a brilliant selection of film clips . The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation David Hare can refer to David Hare (philanthropist (1775–1842 Scottish philanthropist David Hare (artist (1917–1992 U . . [saying] 'To jump back into the world of Pinter's movies . . . is to remind yourself of a literate mainstream cinema, focused as much as Bergman's is on the human face, in which tension is maintained by a carefully crafted mix of image and dialogue' " (Billington, Harold Pinter 429). Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage

Europe Theatre Prize (March 2006)

In their public interview at the Europe Theatre Prize ceremony in Turin, Italy, which was part of the cultural program of the XX Winter Olympic Games. The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Billington asked Pinter, "Is the itch to put pen to paper still there?" He replied, "Yes. It's just a question of what the form is … I've been writing poetry since my youth and I'm sure I'll keep on writing it till I conk out. I've said it before and I'll say it again. I've written 29 damn plays. Isn't that enough?" (Billington, " 'I've written' "). In response, audience members shouted "in unison" a resounding No, urging him to keep writing (Merritt, "Europe Theatre Prize Celebration").

Interview on Newsnight (June 2006)

Pinter occasionally leaves open the possibility that if a compelling dramatic "image" were to come to mind (though "not likely"), perhaps he would be obliged to pursue it. After making this point, Pinter performed a dramatic reading of his "new work," Apart From That, at the end of his June 2006 interview with Wark, which was broadcast live on Newsnight, with Rupert Graves. For the CNN programme see NewsNight with Aaron Brown Newsnight is a British daily News analysis Rupert Graves (born 30 June 1963) is an English Actor. Biography Personal life Graves was born in Weston-super-Mare This "very funny" dramatic sketch was inspired by Pinter's strong aversion to mobile telephones; "as two people trade banalities over their mobile phones there is a hint of something ominous and unspoken behind the clichéd chat" (Billington, Harold Pinter 429).

Krapp, as portrayed by Harold Pinter at the Royal Court Theatre in October 2006; BBC Four, 21 June 2007. Court Theatre The Royal Court Theatre is a non-commercial theatre on Sloane Square, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. BBC Four is a BBC Television channel available to digital television ( Freeview, IPTV, satellite and cable) viewers in the Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Krapp's Last Tape (October 2006)

In an account of Pinter's public interview conducted by Ramona Koval at the Edinburgh Book Festival "Meet the Author" in late August 2006, Robinson reports: "Pinter, whose last published play came out in 2000, said the reason he had given up writing was that he had 'written himself out', adding: 'I recently had a holiday in Dorset and took a couple of my usual yellow writing pads. The Edinburgh International Book Festival, is a Book festival that takes place in the last three weeks of August every year (in the midst of the general Edinburgh Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast I didn't write a damn word. Fondly, I turned them over and put them in a drawer. ' " It appeared to Robinson that "despite giving up writing [Pinter] will carry on his acting career. " From another perspective, however, as Eden and Walker observe: "So keenly is Harold Pinter relishing his return to the stage this autumn [in Krapp's Last Tape] that he has put his literary career on the back burner. Krapp's Last Tape is a one-act play, written in English by Samuel Beckett. " Pinter said: "It's a great challenge and I'm going to have a crack at it" (Qtd. in Robinson). ^[19]

After returning to London from Edinburgh, in September 2006, Pinter began rehearsing for his performance of the role of Krapp. In October 2006 Harold Pinter performed Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape in a limited run at the Royal Court Theatre to sold-out audiences and "ecstatic" critical reviews (Billington, Harold Pinter 429–30). Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Krapp's Last Tape is a one-act play, written in English by Samuel Beckett. Court Theatre The Royal Court Theatre is a non-commercial theatre on Sloane Square, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

The production of only nine performances, from 12 October, two days after Pinter's 76th birthday, to 24 October 2006, was the most prized ticket in London during the fiftieth-anniversary celebration season of the Royal Court Theatre; his performances sold out on the first morning of general ticket sales (4 Sept. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Court Theatre The Royal Court Theatre is a non-commercial theatre on Sloane Square, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. 2006). ^[20] One performance was filmed, produced on DVD, and shown on BBC Four on 21 June 2007. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is BBC Four is a BBC Television channel available to digital television ( Freeview, IPTV, satellite and cable) viewers in the Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Pinter: A Celebration (October–November 2006)

Sheffield Theatres hosted Pinter: A Celebration for a full month (11 Oct.–11 Nov. 2006). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The program featured selected productions of Pinter's plays (in order of presentation): The Caretaker, Voices, No Man's Land, Family Voices, Tea Party, The Room, One for the Road, and The Dumb Waiter; films (most his screenplays; some in which Pinter appears as an actor): The Go-Between, Accident, The Birthday Party, The French Lieutenant's Woman, Reunion, Mojo, The Servant, and The Pumpkin Eater; and other related program events: "Pause for Thought" (Penelope Wilton and Douglas Hodge in conversation with Michael Billington), "Ashes to Ashes –– A Cricketing Celebration", a "Pinter Quiz Night", "The New World Order", the BBC Two documentary film Arena: Harold Pinter (introd. The Caretaker is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, first published in 1959. No Man's Land is a play by 2005 Nobel in Literature Laureate Harold Pinter written in 1974 and first produced and published in 1975 Family Voices is a play by Harold Pinter. It was originally written in 1980 as a radio play and was first broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on January 22 Tea Party is a play written by Harold Pinter, which Pinter adapted from his own 1964 short story of the same title The Room is the title of the first play written by Harold Pinter. One for the Road is a play written by Harold Pinter. It is one of his overtly- political plays and was published in 1984. The Dumb Waiter is a one-act play by 2005 Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter written in 1957 it premièred at the Hampstead Theatre Club, on The Go-Between is a 1970 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by L Accident is a 1967 dramatic film directed by Joseph Losey. The screenplay is by Harold Pinter and is based on the novel by The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays The French Lieutenant's Woman is a 1981 film directed by Karel Reisz and adapted by Playwright Harold Pinter. The Servant is a 1963 British Film, directed by Joseph Losey and starring Dirk Bogarde, Sarah Miles The Pumpkin Eater is a 1964 British Film which tells the story of a woman who finds herself with unfaithful husband number three and pregnant Penelope A Wilton OBE (born 3 June 1946) is an English actress. Douglas Hodge (born 1960 is a British actor director and musician who trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. Anthony Wall, producer of Arena), and "The New World Order –– A Pause for Peace" (a consideration of "Pinter's pacifist writing" [both poems and prose] supported by the Sheffield Quakers), and a screening of "Pinter's passionate and antagonistic 45-minute Nobel Prize Lecture. Arena is a British Television documentary series made and broadcast by the BBC. "

50th anniversary West-End revival of The Dumb Waiter; Celebration (February 2007)

Coinciding with the 50th anniversary of The Dumb Waiter, Lee Evans and Jason Isaacs starred as Gus and Ben in "a major West end revival," directed by Harry Burton, "in a limited seven week run" at the Trafalgar Studios, from 2 February 2007 through 24 March 2007. The Dumb Waiter is a one-act play by 2005 Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter written in 1957 it premièred at the Hampstead Theatre Club, on Lee Evans (born 25 February, 1964) is an award winning British stand-up comedian and Actor. Jason Isaacs (born 6 June 1963 is a British actor born in Liverpool, England best known for his performances as Death Eater Lucius Malfoy in the Trafalgar Studios is a West End theatre in Whitehall in the City of Westminster. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. John Crowley's film version of Pinter's play Celebration (2000) was shown on More 4 (Channel 4, UK), in late February 2007, "with a cast including James Bolam, Janie Dee, Colin Firth, James Fox, Michael Gambon, Julia McKenzie, Sophie Okonedo, Stephen Rea and Penelope Wilton. John Crowley (born 1969 is an Irish BAFTA -winning television director theatre and Film director who has received critical acclaim in both mediums Celebration is a play by British Playwright Harold Pinter. It was first presented as a Double-bill with Pinter's first More4 is a Digital television channel produced by United Kingdom broadcaster Channel 4, that launched on 10 October 2005. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began James Bolam (born 16 June 1938) is an English Actor and Singer, best known for his roles as Jack Ford in When the Boat Comes Janie Dee (born 1966 is an award-winning English Actress and Singer. Colin Andrew Firth (born 10 September, 1960) is an English film television and stage Actor. James Fox, (born 19 May 1939) is an English Actor. Biography Early life James Fox was born in London to Julia McKenzie (born 17 February 1941, Enfield) is an English Actress and Theatre director. Sophie Okonedo (born 1 January 1969 is an Academy Award -nominated English actress. Stephen Rea (born Graham Rea on October 31, 1946) is an Irish Actor, who was nominated for an Academy Award for his Penelope A Wilton OBE (born 3 June 1946) is an English actress. "

Radio broadcast of The Homecoming (March 2007)

On 18 March 2007, BBC Radio 3 broadcast a new radio production of The Homecoming, directed by Thea Sharrock and produced by Martin J. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Homecoming is a two-act award-winning play written in 1964 by Nobel laureate, Harold Pinter. Thea Sharrock (born 1976 is an award-winning English Theatre director. Smith, with Pinter performing the role of Max (for the first time; he had previously played Lenny on stage in the 1960s), Michael Gambon as Max's brother Sam, Rupert Graves as Teddy, Samuel West as Lenny, James Alexandrou as Joey, and Gina McKee as Ruth (Martin J. Rupert Graves (born 30 June 1963) is an English Actor. Biography Personal life Graves was born in Weston-super-Mare Samuel West (born 19 June, 1966) is a British Actor and Theatre director. James Alekos Alexandrou (born 12 April 1985 in Islington, London) is an English Actor of Greek descent Gina McKee (born 14 April 1964) is an English actress, known for her starring roles in the TV dramas Our Friends in the North Smith; West).

Revival of The Hothouse (From 11 July 2007)

A revival of The Hothouse, directed by Ian Rickson, with a cast including Stephen Moore (Roote), Lia Williams (Miss Cutts), and Henry Woolf (Tubb), among others, opened at the Royal National Theatre, in London, on 11 July 2007, playing concurrently with a revival of Betrayal at the Donmar Warehouse, also starring Samuel West (Robert), opposite Toby Stephens (Jerry) and Dervla Kirwan (Emma) and directed by Roger Michell (West). The Hothouse is a play written by Harold Pinter between two of his best-known early plays The Birthday Party and The Caretaker Stephen Moore may refer to Stephen Moore (actor, (b 1937 English actor Lia Williams (born 26 November 1964 in England) is an award winning English Actress, notable for many stage film and television appearances Henry Woolf (born 1930 is a British Actor, Theatre director, and teacher of acting drama and theatre who lives in Canada, and a longtime friend The Royal National Theatre, located on the South Bank in the London Borough of Lambeth, England. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Betrayal is a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978 The play deals with an Affair that entangles a married couple Emma and Robert and their close Donmar Warehouse is a small not for profit Theatre in the Covent Garden area of the London Borough of Camden, with seating for 250 playgoers Samuel West (born 19 June, 1966) is a British Actor and Theatre director. Toby Stephens (born 21 April, 1969) is an English stage, television and Film Actor, best known for playing supervillain Dervla Kirwan (born 24 October 1971) is an Irish actress famous for roles in British Television shows such as Roger Michell ( June 5, 1956) is an English theatre television and Film director.

Sleuth (August 2007)

Pinter's screenplay adaptation of the 1970 Tony Award-winning play Sleuth, by Anthony Shaffer, is the basis for the 2007 film Sleuth, directed by Kenneth Branagh and starring Michael Caine (in the role of Andrew Wyke, originally played by Laurence Olivier) and Jude Law (in the role of Milo Tindle, originally played by Caine), who also produced it; scheduled for release on 12 October, the film debuted at the 64th Venice International Film Festival on 31 August 2007 and was screened at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on 10 September. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented Sleuth is a 1970 play written by Anthony Shaffer. The play is set in the Wiltshire England manor house of Andrew Wyke an immensely successful mystery Anthony Joshua Shaffer ( May 15 1926 &ndash November 6 2001) was an English Playwright, Novelist, and Screenwriter Sleuth is a 2007 film directed by Kenneth Branagh based on Harold Pinter 's screenplay adaptation of the Tony Award -winning play Kenneth Charles Branagh (born 10 December 1960) is an Emmy Award -winning Academy Award -nominated Northern Irish Actor Sir Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr, CBE (born 14 March 1933 better known by his screen name Michael Caine, is an Oscar - and BAFTA Laurence Kerr Olivier Baron Jude Law (born 29 December 1972 is an English Actor. He began acting with the National Youth Music Theatre in 1987 and had his first TV role in 1989 Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF) is a publicly-attended Film festival held each September in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.

Broadway revival of The Homecoming (December 2007–April 2008)

A Broadway revival of The Homecoming, starring James Frain as Teddy, Ian McShane as Max, Raul Esparza as Lenny, Michael McKean as Sam, and Eve Best as Ruth, and directed by Daniel Sullivan, opened on 16 December 2007, for a "20-week limited engagement … through April 13, 2008" at the Cort Theatre (Gans; Horwitz). Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located The Homecoming is a two-act award-winning play written in 1964 by Nobel laureate, Harold Pinter. James Frain (born March 14, 1968) is an English stage and screen Actor. Ian McShane (born September 29 1942) is a Golden Globe -winning English Actor. Raúl Esparza (born October 24, 1970) is a Cuban American stage Actor. Michael John McKean (born October 17 1947) is an American actor comedian composer and musician perhaps best known for his portrayal of Squiggy's friend Eve Best (born as Emily Best, July 1971 is a British Actress best known for her stage work Daniel J Sullivan (born June 11, 1940) is an award-winning American theatre and Film director and Playwright. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Cort Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 138 West 48th Street in midtown- Manhattan. ^[21]

50th anniversary revival of The Birthday Party (8–24 May 2008)

Further information: The Birthday Party (play)#Selected production history and The Birthday Party (play)#External links

The Lyric Hammersmith celebrates the play's 50th anniversary with a revival, directed by artistic director David Farr, and related events from 8 to 24 May 2008, including a gala performance and reception hosted by Harold Pinter on 19 May 2008, exactly fifty years after its London première (Lyric website). The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays The Lyric Hammersmith is a Theatre on King Street in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, which takes pride in its original "groundbreaking" productions A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Civic activities and political activism

Political development

Pinter's political concerns have developed since he became a conscientious objector when he was eighteen, in 1946 to 1947 (Billington, Harold Pinter 21–24, 92, & 286), and since he expressed ambivalence about "politicians" in his 1966 Paris Review interview with Lawrence M. Bensky. A conscientious objector (CO is an individual who on religious moral or ethical grounds refuses to participate as a combatant in war or in some cases to take any role that would support Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Paris Review is an English-language Literary magazine based in New York City. Larry Bensky (born May 1, 1937) is a literary and political journalist with more than forty years experience in both print and ^[22] Those assuming that Pinter's political interests began in the 1980s may not be aware that he was an early member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in the United Kingdom and supported the British Anti-Apartheid Movement (1959–1994), participating in British artists' refusal to permit professional productions of their work in South Africa in 1963 ("Playwrights in Apartheid Protest") and in subsequent related campaigns (Mbeki; Reddy). Anti-Apartheid Movement, originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organization that was at the center of the international movement opposing South Africa's The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Later political activities

His later political activities are better known and more controversial. He has been active in International PEN, serving as a vice-president, along with American playwright Arthur Miller. For the "Postsecondary Education Network International" see PEN-International International PEN, the worldwide association of __FORCETOC__ For the Vice President of the United States, their roles and other information see Vice President of the United States. Arthur Asher Miller (October 17 1915 &ndash February 10 2005 was an American Playwright and Essayist. In 1985, Pinter and Miller travelled to Turkey, on a mission co-sponsored by International PEN and a Helsinki Watch committee to investigate and protest the torture of imprisoned writers. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Helsinki Watch was a private American NGO devoted to monitoring Helsinki implementation There he met victims of political oppression and their families. At an American embassy dinner in Ankara, held in Miller's honor, at which Pinter was also an invited guest, speaking on behalf of those imprisoned Turkish writers, Pinter confronted the ambassador with (in Pinter's words) "[t]he reality … of electric current on your genitals": Pinter's outspokenness apparently angered their host and led to indications of his desired departure. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Guest of honor Miller left the embassy with him. Recounting this episode for a tribute to Miller on his 80th birthday, Pinter concludes: "Being thrown out of the US embassy in Ankara with Arthur Miller—a voluntary exile—was one of the proudest moments in my life" ("Arthur Miller's Socks", Various Voices 56–57). Pinter's experiences in Turkey and his knowledge of the Turkish suppression of the Kurdish language "inspired" his 1988 play Mountain Language (Billington, Harold Pinter 309–10; Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 67–68). The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Mountain Language is a one-act play written by Harold Pinter, first published in the The Times Literary Supplement (TLS on 7–13 October 1988

He is an active delegate of the Cuba Solidarity Campaign in the United Kingdom, an organization that defends Cuba, supports the government of Fidel Castro, and campaigns against the U. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until S. embargo on the country (Hands Off Cuba!). In 2001 Pinter joined the International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milošević (ICDSM), which appealed for a fair trial for and the freedom of Slobodan Milošević; he signed a related "Artists' Appeal for Milošević" in 2004. (The organization continues its presence on the internet even after Milošević's death in 2006. )

Recent political views

For over the past two decades, in his essays, speeches, interviews, and literary readings, Pinter has focused increasingly on contemporaneous political issues. Pinter strongly opposed the 1991 Gulf War, the 1999 NATO bombing campaign in Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War, the United States's 2001 War in Afghanistan, and its 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The North Atlantic Treaty See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia

In accepting an honorary degree at the University of Turin (27 Nov. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding The University of Turin ( Italian Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO is a University in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region 2002), he stated: "I believe that [the United States] will [attack Iraq] not only to take control of Iraqi oil, but also because the American administration is now a bloodthirsty wild animal. Bombs are its only vocabulary. " But he added the following qualification: "Many Americans, we know, are horrified by the posture of their government but seem to be helpless" (Various Voices 243). He has been very active in the current anti-war movement in the United Kingdom, speaking at rallies held by the Stop the War Coalition, which reprinted his Turin speech. A peace movement is a Social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or The Stop the War Coalition (StWC (informally just Stop the War) is a United Kingdom Anti-war group set up on 21 September 2001 ^[23]

Since then he has called the President of the United States, George W. Bush, a "mass murderer" and the (then) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair, both "mass-murdering" and a "deluded idiot"; he alleges that they, along with past U. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to S. officials, are "war criminals. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied " He has also compared the Bush administration ("a bunch of criminal lunatics") with Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, saying that, under Bush, the United States ("a monster out of control") strives to attain "world domination" through "Full spectrum dominance". The Presidency of George W Bush began on his inauguration on January 20, 2001 as the 43rd and current President of the United States of America Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Full-spectrum dominance is a military concept whereby a joint military structure achieves control over all elements of the battlespace using land, air, maritime Pinter characterized Blair's Great Britain as "pathetic and supine," a "bleating little lamb tagging behind [the United States] on a lead. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands " According to Pinter, Blair was participating in "an act of premeditated mass murder" instigated on behalf of "the American people," who, Pinter acknowledges, increasingly protest "their government's actions" (Public reading from War, as qtd. by Chrisafis and Tilden). Pinter published his remarks to the mass peace protest demonstration held on 15 February 2003, in London, on his website: "The United States is a monster out of control. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Unless we challenge it with absolute determination American barbarism will destroy the world. The country is run by a bunch of criminal lunatics, with Blair as their hired Christian thug. The planned attack on Iraq is an act of premeditated mass murder" ("Speech at Hyde Park"). Those remarks anticipate his 2005 Nobel Lecture, "Art, Truth, & Politics", in which he observes: "Many thousands, if not millions, of people in the United States itself are demonstrably sickened, shamed and angered by their government's actions, but as things stand they are not a coherent political force–yet. But the anxiety, uncertainty and fear which we can see growing daily in the United States is unlikely to diminish" (21).

In accepting the Wilfred Owen Award for Poetry, on 18 March 2005, wondering "What would Wilfred Owen make of the invasion of Iraq? A bandit act, an act of blatant state terrorism, demonstrating absolute contempt for the conception of international law?", Pinter concluded: "I believe Wilfred Owen would share our contempt, our revulsion, our nausea and our shame at both the language and the actions of the American and British governments" (Various Voices 247-48). Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 &ndash 4 November 1918 was an English Poet and Soldier, regarded by many as one of the leading Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards

In March 2006, upon accepting the Europe Theatre Prize, in Turin, Pinter exhorted the mostly European audience "to resist the power of the United States," stating, "I'd like to see Europe echo the example of Latin America in withstanding the economic and political intimidation of the United States. This is a serious responsibility for Europe and all of its citizens" (Qtd. in Anderson and Billington, Harold Pinter 428).

Continued public support of political causes and issues

Pinter continues to contribute letters to the editor, essays, speeches, and poetry strongly expressing his artistic and political viewpoints, which are frequently published initially in British periodicals, both in print and electronic media, and increasingly distributed and re-distributed extensively over the internet and throughout the blogosphere. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Blogosphere is a collective term encompassing all Blogs and their interconnections These have been distributed more widely since his winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005; his subsequent publications and related news accounts cite his status as a Nobel Laureate. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred

He continues to sign petitions on behalf of artistic and political causes that he supports. For example, he became a signatory of the mission statement of Jews For Justice For Palestinians in 2005 and of its full-page advertisement, "What Is Israel Doing? A Call by Jews in Britain" featured in The Times on 6 July 2006. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He also co-signed an open letter about recent events in the Middle East dated 19 July 2006, distributed to major news publications on 21 July 2006, and posted on the website of Noam Chomsky ("Letter from Pinter, Saramago, Chomsky and Berger"; Chomsky, "Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine"; "Palestinian Nation Under Threat"). Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Avram Noam Chomsky (noʊm ˈtʃɑmski born December 7 1928 is an American linguist, Philosopher, cognitive scientist, Political

On 5 February 2007 The Independent reported that, along with historian Eric Hobsbawm, human rights lawyer Geoffrey Bindman, fashion designer Nicole Farhi, film director Mike Leigh, and actors Stephen Fry and Zoë Wanamaker, among others, Harold Pinter launched the organization Independent Jewish Voices in the United Kingdom "to represent British Jews … in response to a perceived pro-Israeli bias in existing Jewish bodies in the UK", and, according to Hobsbawn, "as a counter-balance to the uncritical support for Israeli policies by established bodies such as the Board of Deputies of British Jews" (Hodgson; Independent Jewish Voices#IJV Declaration). Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Sir Geoffrey Bindman (born 1933 was knighted in the New Year Honours 2007 list Nicole Farhi Lady Hare, CBE (born 25 July 1946) is a Jewish French Fashion designer and sculptor born in Nice Mike Leigh, OBE (born February 20, 1943) is an English film and theatre director screenwriter and playwright Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957 is an English Humorist, Writer, Wit, Actor, Novelist, filmmaker For the Canadian group see Independent Jewish Voices (Canada. The Board of Deputies of British Jews is the main representative body of British Jews. For the Canadian group see Independent Jewish Voices (Canada.

In March 2007 Charlie Rose had "A Conversation with Harold Pinter" on Charlie Rose, filmed at the Old Vic, in London, and broadcast on television in the United States on PBS. Charlie Rose (born Charles Peete Rose Jr, on January 5, 1942) is an American TV interviewer and journalist Charlie Rose is an American television interview show with Charlie Rose as executive producer executive editor and host The Old Vic is a Theatre located just south-east of Waterloo Station in London on the corner of The Cut and Waterloo Road. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the In this interview they discussed highlights of his career and the politics of his life and work. They debated his ongoing opposition to the Iraq War, with Rose challenging some of Pinter's views about the United States. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign They also discussed some of his other public protests and positions in public controversies, such as that involving the New York Theatre Workshop's cancellation of their production of My Name Is Rachel Corrie, which Pinter views as an act of cowardice amounting to self-censorship. New York Theatre Workshop (NYTW is an Off-Broadway Theatre noted for its acclaimed and innovative productions of new works My Name is Rachel Corrie is a play based on the diaries and emails of Rachel Corrie. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor

Retrospective perspective on political aspects of his own work

Since the mid-eighties, Pinter has described his earlier plays retrospectively from the perspective of the politics of power and the dynamics of oppression. He expressed such a retrospective perspective on his work recently, for example, when he participated in "Meet the Author" with Ramona Koval, at the Edinburgh Book Festival, in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the evening of 25 August 2006. The Edinburgh International Book Festival, is a Book festival that takes place in the last three weeks of August every year (in the midst of the general Edinburgh Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It was his first public appearance in Britain since he won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature and his near-death experience in hospital in the first week of December 2005, which had prevented him from traveling to Stockholm and giving his Nobel Lecture in person. Pinter described in moving terms how he felt while almost dying (as if he were "drowning"). After reading an interrogation scene from The Birthday Party, he provided a rare "explanation" of his work (McDowell). The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays He "wanted to say that Goldberg and McCann represented the forces in society who wanted to snuff out dissent, to stifle Stanley's voice, to silence him," and that in 1958 "One thing [the critics who almost unanimously hated the play] got wrong … was the whole history of stifling, suffocating and destroying dissent. Not too long before, the Gestapo had represented order, discipline, family life, obligation—and anyone who disagreed with that was in trouble" (Qtd. in McDowell).

In both his writing and his public speaking, as McDowell observes,

Pinter's precision of language is immensely political. Twist words like "democracy" and "freedom", as he believes Blair and Bush have done over Iraq, and hundreds of thousands of people die. Earlier this year [March 2006], when he was presented with the European Theatre Prize in Turin, Pinter said he intended to spend the rest of his life railing against the United States. Surely, asked chair Ramona Koval, [at the Edinburgh Book Festival that August], he was doomed to fail? "Oh yes—me against the United States!" he said, laughing along with the audience at the absurdity, before adding: "But I can't stop reacting to what is done in our name, and what is being done in the name of freedom and democracy is disgusting. "

Honors

See main article: Honors and awards to Harold Pinter

See main article: Harold Pinter and academia

An Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society, Pinter was appointed CBE in 1966 and became a Companion of Honour in 2002 (having previously declined a knighthood in 1996). See also Harold Pinter Harold Pinter and academia Honors and awards to Harold Pinter lists prizes and other honors and awards received by English See also Harold Pinter Honors and awards to Harold Pinter Harold Pinter and academia concerns academic recognition of and scholarship pertaining to 2005 The National Secular Society is a British campaigning organisation which promotes Secularism, the separation of Church and State to make society fair for everyone The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. In 1995 and 1996 he accepted the David Cohen Prize, in recognition of a lifetime's literary achievement, and the Laurence Olivier Special Award for a lifetime's achievement in the theatre, respectively. The David Cohen Prize is a literary prize awarded every two years to a writer novelist short-story writer poet essayist or dramatist in recognition of an entire body of work written in the English The Laurence Olivier Award is regarded as the most prestigious award in British theatre and is presented in recognition of artistic achievement in London theatre In 1997 he became a BAFTA Fellow. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation He received the World Leaders Award for "Creative Genius", as the subject of a week-long "Homage" in Toronto, in October 2001. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario A few years later, in 2004, he received the Wilfred Owen Award for Poetry—"in recognition of Pinter's lifelong contribution to literature, 'and specifically for his collection of poetry entitled War, published in 2003' " (Wilfred Owen Association Newsletter). Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 &ndash 4 November 1918 was an English Poet and Soldier, regarded by many as one of the leading In March 2006 he was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize, in recognition of lifetime achievements pertaining to drama and theater ("Letter of Motivation"). In conjunction with that award, from 10 March to 14 March 2006, Michael Billington coordinated an international conference on "Pinter: Passion, Poetry and Politics", including scholars and critics from Europe and the Americas (Harold Pinter 427–28). Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. ^[2]

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005

On 13 October 2005 the Swedish Academy announced that it had decided to award the Nobel Prize in Literature for that year to "Harold Pinter … Who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms" (press release). Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Swedish Academy (Svenska Akademien founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred

When interviewed about his reaction to the Nobel Prize announcement by Billington, Pinter joked: "I was told today that one of the Sky channels said this morning that 'Harold Pinter is dead[. '] Then they changed their mind and said, 'No, he's won the Nobel prize. ' So I've risen from the dead" (Billington, " 'They said' ").

Nobel Week, including the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony in Stockholm and related events throughout Scandinavia, began in the first few days of December 2005. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Due to medical concerns about his health, Pinter and his family could not attend the Awards Ceremony and related events of Nobel Week. After the Academy notified him of his award, he had arranged for his publisher (Stephen Page of Faber and Faber) to accept his Nobel Diploma and Nobel Medal at the Awards Ceremony scheduled for 10 December, but he had still planned to travel to Stockholm, to present his lecture in person a few days earlier (Honigsbaum). Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the In November, however, he was hospitalized for an infection that nearly killed him, and his doctor barred such travel.

© Illuminations. Published with permission.

Art, Truth & Politics: The Nobel Lecture

See main article: Art, Truth & Politics

See main article: Art, Truth & Politics#Public criticism

While still hospitalized, Pinter went to a Channel 4 studio to videotape his Nobel Lecture: "Art, Truth & Politics", which was projected on three large screens at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on the evening of 7 December 2005 (Lyall, "Playwright Takes a Prize and a Jab at U. Art Truth & Politics is the controversial Nobel Lecture delivered on video by the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature Harold Pinter to an audience projected Art Truth & Politics is the controversial Nobel Lecture delivered on video by the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature Harold Pinter to an audience projected Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. " and "Still Pinteresque").

Simultaneously transmitted on Channel 4 in the UK that evening, the 46-minute television broadcast was introduced by friend and fellow playwright David Hare. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sir David Hare (born June 5, 1947) is an English Dramatist and theatre and Film director. Subsequently, the full text and streaming video formats were posted for the public on the Nobel Prize and Swedish Academy official websites. In these formats Pinter's Nobel Lecture has been widely watched, cited, quoted, and distributed by print and online media and the source of much commentary and debate.

As a result of his Nobel Prize and his controversial Nobel Lecture, interest in Pinter's life and work have surged. They have led to new revivals of his plays, to the updating of Billington's biography (Billington, "We Are Catching Up"; Harold Pinter), and to new editions of Pinter's works (The Essential Pinter and The Dwarfs by Grove Press and a box set of The Birthday Party, No Man's Land, Mountain Language, and Celebration by Faber and Faber). Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1951 Faber and Faber, often abbreviated to Faber, is an independent publishing house in the UK, notable in particular for publishing

DVD and VHS video recordings of Pinter's Nobel Lecture (without Hare's introduction) are produced and distributed by Illuminations. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

Légion d'honneur

On 18 January 2007 BBC News announced that French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin (a published poet himself) presented Harold Pinter with one of his country's highest awards, the Légion d'honneur … at a ceremony at the French embassy in London, shortly after holding talks with Tony Blair. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Dominique de Villepin (born Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (dɔminik də vilpɛ̃ &mdash) on 14 November 1953 in Rabat, Morocco Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to "^[6] Prime Minister de Villepin "praised Mr Pinter's poem American Football (1991)," saying: " 'With its violence and its cruelty, it is for me one of the most accurate images of war, one of the most telling metaphors of the temptation of imperialism and violence. ' " "In return," Pinter "praised France for its opposition to the war in Iraq. "^[6] According to the BBC's Lawrence Pollard, "the award for the great playwright underlines how much Mr Pinter is admired in countries like France as a model of the uncompromising radical intellectual. "^[6] M. de Villepin concluded: "The poet stands still and observes what doesn’t deserve other men’s attention. Poetry teaches us how to live and you, Harold Pinter, teach us how to live. "^[6]

Pinter and academia

See main article: Harold Pinter and academia

See main article: Honors and awards to Harold Pinter

As Merritt observes, some academic scholars and critics challenge the validity of Pinter's critiques of what he terms "the modes of thinking of those in power" (Pinter in Play 171–89; 180) or dissent from his retrospective viewpoints on his own work (Begley; Karwowski; and Quigley). See also Harold Pinter Honors and awards to Harold Pinter Harold Pinter and academia concerns academic recognition of and scholarship pertaining to 2005 See also Harold Pinter Harold Pinter and academia Honors and awards to Harold Pinter lists prizes and other honors and awards received by English In his personal political history,

Pinter's own "political act" of conscientious objection resulted from being "terribly disturbed as a young man by the Cold War. And McCarthyism. . . . A profound hypocrisy. 'They' the monsters, 'we' the good. In 1948 the Russian suppression of Eastern Europe was an obvious and brutal fact, but I felt very strongly then and feel as strongly now [1985] that we have an obligation to subject our own actions and attitudes to an equivalent critical and moral scrutiny. " (Merritt, Pinter in Play 178)

Scholars who have studied the evolution of Pinter's life and work over the course of his career agree that Pinter's analyses and dramatizations of power relations reflect such a "critical and moral scrutiny" astutely. ^[24]

Pinter's aversion to any censorship by "the authorities" is epitomized in Petey's line at the end of The Birthday Party. The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays As the broken-down and reconstituted Stanley is being carted off by the figures of authority Goldberg and McCann, Petey calls out after him, "Stan, don't let them tell you what to do!" "I've lived that line all my damn life. Never more than now," he told Gussow in 1988 (Qtd. in Merritt, Pinter in Play 179). Pinter's ongoing opposition to "the modes of thinking of those in power"—the "brick wall" of the "minds" perpetuating the "status quo" (180)—infuses the "vast political pessimism" that some academic critics may perceive in his artistic work (Grimes 220), its "drowning landscape" of harsh contemporary realities, with some residual "hope for restoring the dignity of man" (Pinter, Art, Truth & Politics 9, 24).

As Pinter's longtime friends and colleagues director David Jones and actor Henry Woolf often remind serious-minded scholars and dramatic critics, Pinter is also a "great comic writer" (Coppa); but, as Pinter said of The Caretaker, his work is only "funny, up to a point" (Qtd. David Hugh Jones (19 February 1934 – 19 September 2008 was a British stage television and film director Henry Woolf (born 1930 is a British Actor, Theatre director, and teacher of acting drama and theatre who lives in Canada, and a longtime friend Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and The Caretaker is a play by the Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, first published in 1959. in Jones; cf. Woolf in Merritt, "Talking about Pinter").

The Harold Pinter Archive in the British Library

The British Library (BL) announced publicly, on 11 December 2007, that it has purchased Harold Pinter's literary archive, augmenting its current "Harold Pinter Archive" of 80 boxes ("Loan 110 A"). The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[7][8] It now comprises "over one hundred and fifty boxes of manuscripts, scrapbooks, letters, photographs, programmes, and emails," constituting "an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars of Pinter's work for stage, cinema, and poetry. "^[7][8][25] Among its "highlights" are "an exceedingly perceptive and enormously affectionate run of letters from Samuel Beckett; letters and hand-written manuscripts revealing Pinter's close collaboration with director Joseph Losey; a charming and highly amusing exchange of letters with Philip Larkin; and a draft of Pinter's unpublished autobiographical memoir of his youth, 'The Queen of all the Fairies'," as well as especially-poignant letters from Pinter's "inspirational" Hackney Downs School English teacher and friend, Joseph Brearley. Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Joseph Losey ( January 14, 1909 in La Crosse Wisconsin – June 22, 1984 in Philip Arthur Larkin, CH, CBE, FRSL (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985 was an English Poet, Novelist and Jazz Hackney Downs School, was a comprehensive secondary school located near Hackney Downs in the London Borough of Hackney. ^[7][8]

According to the official BL press release, citing its head of Modern Literary Manuscripts, Jamie Andrews, the "extensive collection of correspondence" of "over 12,000 letters" in its expanded Pinter Archive "encompasses the personal, professional and political aspects of the legendary writer, whose career has covered directing, acting, screenwriting, poetry and journalism, as well as his original work for the theatre" and documents Pinter's "key role in post-War theatre and film . . . through his extensive correspondence with [other] leading playwrights and literary figures such as Simon Gray, David Hare, David Mamet, Arthur Miller, John Osborne, and [Sir] Tom Stoppard, as well as actors and directors including Sir John Gielgud [corrected] and Sir Peter Hall. Simon James Holliday Gray CBE ( October 21, 1936 – August 7, 2008) was a prolific postwar British playwright whose work was performed David Hare can refer to David Hare (philanthropist (1775–1842 Scottish philanthropist David Hare (artist (1917–1992 U David Alan Mamet (born November 30, 1947) is an American Author, Essayist, Playwright, Screenwriter and Arthur Asher Miller (October 17 1915 &ndash February 10 2005 was an American Playwright and Essayist. John James Osborne ( December 12, 1929 &ndash December 24, 1994) was an English Playwright, Screenwriter, Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE (born 3 July 1937 is a British Screenwriter playwright Sir Arthur John Gielgud, OM, CH ( 14 April, 1904 – 21 May 2000) known as Sir John Gielgud, was an "^[8] This collection also "documents all international performances of Pinter's plays, as well as exchanges with academics that highlight Pinter's engagement with the global scholarly community. There is also extensive material relating to Pinter's commitment to human rights, covering his journalism, poetry and direct action. "^[8]

From 10 January through 13 April 2008, the British Library is exhibited a "small temporary display, 'His Own Domain: Harold Pinter, A Life in Theatre', featuring a range of unique manuscripts, letters, photographs, and sound recordings from the archive charting Pinter's life in the theatre as an actor, director, and writer of some of the most significant and celebrated plays of the twentieth-century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "^[8]

The British Library expects to catalogue the whole Archive by "the end of 2008. "^[8] The Harold Pinter Archive Blog, hosted for the BL by Typepad, provides updates about the cataloguing process by Pinter Archive cataloguer Kate O'Brien and the other BL curators, including Jamie Andrews, director of Modern Literary Manuscripts, where the Archive is housed. TypePad is a blogging service from company Six Apart Ltd, and the largest paid blogging service in the world Curator (from Latin cura care means manager overseer. A curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e ^[26]

Works

See main article: Works of Harold Pinter

See main article: Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work

See also

• Jewish left

Notes

See main article: Selected bibliography for Harold Pinter

Selected bibliography

See main article: Selected bibliography for Harold Pinter

External links

• "2005: Harold Pinter". This is the Selected bibliography for Harold Pinter. Selected bibliography The MLA Style Manual, 2nd ed The Guardian, Books: Special Reports: The Nobel Prize for Literature". The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. (Hyperlinked account. )
• "Harold Pinter (1930– )". Books: The Authors. Guardian Unlimited. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. (Hyperlinked account. )
• "Harold Pinter (1930– )". Books and Writers. Biography and critical account. Authors' Calendar. (Featured Nobel Prize in Literature winner for 2005. )
• "Harold Pinter (1930– )". Brief biography, critical account, and selected bibliography compiled by Roger Phillip Mellor. Encyclopedia of British Film. Hyperlinked filmography ("Film and TV Credits") with featured works. ScreenOnline at the British Film Institute (BFI). The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television
• "Harold Pinter". The Artists Network of Refuse & Resist! 12 Dec. 2005. (17 pages. ) A selection of writings by and commentary about Pinter.
• Harold Pinter at the Internet Movie Database.
• "Harold Pinter". Contemporary Writers. Biography and critical account by Michael Billington for British Council: Arts. Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. The British Council is a Public Body of the United Kingdom Government which specialises in educational and development opportunities
• "Harold Pinter" at Faber and Faber (Pinter's publisher in the UK). Faber and Faber, often abbreviated to Faber, is an independent publishing house in the UK, notable in particular for publishing The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [Includes "Short Bibliography" of Pinter's works currently published by Faber and Faber. ]
• "Harold Pinter" at Grove Press, an imprint of Grove/Atlantic, Inc. Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1951 (Pinter's publisher in the U.S.). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [Includes list of Pinter's works currently published by Grove Press. ]
• "Harold Pinter". Literary Encyclopedia. Biography and critical account by Andrew Wyllie, University of the West of England.
• "Harold Pinter". The New York Times, Times Topics. (Introd. and "A Master of Menace" (multimedia audio and slideshow presentation) by Ben Brantley. Ben Brantley (born October 30, 1954) is the chief Theater Critic of the New York Times. Hyperlinked in Harold Pinter News—New York Times. Featured content updated periodically. )
• "Harold Pinter" on The Mark Shenton Show, TheatreVoice, recorded live on 21 Feb. TheatreVoice is a free online theatre forum launched by Dominic Cavendish and others in September 2003 2007. Audio player clip. ["Focuses on Harold Pinter, with critics Michael Billington and Alastair Macaulay reviewing Pinter's People (Haymarket) and The Dumb Waiter (Trafalgar). Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. See also Works of Harold Pinter Pinter's People is a compilation of revue sketches or short prose works by Harold Pinter, which was performed for Haymarket Theatre (Leicester|Her Majesty's Theatre The Theatre Royal Haymarket or Haymarket Theatre or the Little Theatre is a West End theatre in The Dumb Waiter is a one-act play by 2005 Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter written in 1957 it premièred at the Hampstead Theatre Club, on Trafalgar Studios is a West End theatre in Whitehall in the City of Westminster. Director and actor Harry Burton talks about his experiences with Pinter, and host Mark Shenton discusses other upcoming Pinter productions. . . . "]
• HaroldPinter.org. Official website of Harold Pinter. Home page includes periodically-updated information about past, current, and upcoming events, publications, and productions; international productions listed in the hyperlinked "Worldwide Calendar". (Note: Occasionally, there are typographical errors in retyped material posted on the site. )
• The Harold Pinter Society. An Allied Organization of the Modern Language Association (MLA) and an Associated Organization of the Midwest Modern Language Association (M/MLA). The Modern Language Association of America (usually referred to as simply Modern Language Association or MLA) is the principal Professional association
• "His Own Domain: Harold Pinter, A Life in the Theatre 10 January to 13 April 2008". Press release. British Library. The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. 9 Jan. 2008. A selection from the Harold Pinter Archive "on display in The Sir John Ritblat Gallery: Treasures of the British Library from 10 January to 13 April 2008. Sir John Ritblat, educated at Dulwich College, is the Honorary President and formerly Chairman and CEO of The British Land Company PLC an FTSE100 London-based Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Admission free. "
• "The Life and Work of Harold Pinter (Magill Book Reviews)", Salem on Literature: Magill Book Reviews, hosted on eNotes. com. (Online book review of the 1996 ed. of the official authorized literary-critical biography by Michael Billington; rev. Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. & enl. ed. , Harold Pinter [2007]. )
• "Listmania: Harold Pinter: Winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Literature: A Listmania! list by Amazon.com Bookstore". Amazoncom Inc ( is an American electronic commerce ( E-commerce) company in Seattle Washington.
• "Pinter on War". Red Pepper Feb. Red Pepper is an independent ‘red green and radical ’ magazine based in the UK 2004. Archived version. Texts of poems "Weather Forecast", "Democracy", "The Bombs", "God Bless America".
• "Recent Acquisitions: The Pinter Archive" in the British Library (BL). The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. "Collections; Manuscripts" hyperlinked announcement page, with links to official BL press release of 11 Dec. 2007 and the National Heritage Memorial Fund. The National Heritage Memorial Fund ( NHMF) is a Non-Departmental Public Body set up under the National Heritage Act 1980 in memory of people who gave their
  • Harold Pinter Archive Blog: British Library Curators on Cataloguing the Pinter Archive. The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. Curator (from Latin cura care means manager overseer. A curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e (Official blog developed by BL Cataloguer Kate O'Brien; written primarily by O'Brien, the blog "will also feature postings from other members of the curatorial team. ")
• "Reputations: Harold Pinter" on TheatreVoice. TheatreVoice is a free online theatre forum launched by Dominic Cavendish and others in September 2003 Audio player clip of program "recorded live" on 14 Oct. 2005. ["At the end of his birthday week, a day after he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, Pinter's work is critically assessed by Michael Billington, Dan Rebellato, Charles Spencer and Ian Smith," as hosted by Aleks Sierz. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Michael Keith Billington (born November 16, 1939) is a British Author and arts Critic. Charles Spencer is a British Journalist and longstanding Drama critic of the Daily Telegraph. In-yer-face theatre describes Drama that emerged in Great Britain in the 1990s ]