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For the Golden Pavilion Temple in Kyoto, Japan, see Kinkaku-ji. is the informal name of Rokuon-ji (鹿苑寺 Deer Garden Temple) in Kyoto, Japan.

The Harmandir Sahib [1](Punjabi: ਹਰਿਮੰਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ) or Darbar Sahib[2] (Punjabi: ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ), informally reffered to as The Golden Temple,[3] is culturally the most significant shrine of the Sikhs and one of the oldest Sikh gurudwara. Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. It is located in the city of Amritsar, which was established by Guru Ram Das, the fourth guru of the Sikhs and is known as "guru di nagri" meaning city of the Sikh Guru. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Guru Ram Das (ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September, 1534 &ndash 1 September

Harmandir Sahib
Building information
TownAmritsar
CountryIndia
ArchitectGuru Arjan Dev
ClientGuru Arjan Dev & Sikhs
Construction start dateDecember 1585 AD
Completion dateAugust 1604 AD
StyleSikh architecture
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Contents

Introduction

General

The Harmandir Sahib is considered holy by Sikhs because the eternal Guru of Sikhism, the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, is always present inside in it and its construction was mainly intended to build a place of worship for men and women from all walks of life and all religion to come and worship God equally. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Sikh architecture, is a Style of Architecture that is characterized with values of progressiveness exquisite intricacy austere beauty and logical flowing lines Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the History of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and Simran and Seva: These are the Foundation of Sikhism. It is the duty of every Sikh to practise Naam Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Sikh Bhagats (ਭਗਤ from Sanskrit भक्त) refers to the saints and holy men of various faiths whose teachings are included in the Sikh holy book This article lists historical personalities who are important to the Sikh religion Mai Bhago (http//www The Sikh religious philosophy is covered in great detail in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy text Ek On Kar Sikhs believe there is only one God who has infinite qualities and names The Sikhs must believe in the following values Equality All humans are equal before God – No discrimination is allowed on the basis of caste race sex creed There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism Cutting Hair Cutting hair is strictly forbidden in Sikhism Naam: Or Naam Japo. Free service ( Seva) meditation and prayer ( Simran) sacred music ( Kirtan) prod concern = This is not an encyclopedic topic This is a list of random unrelated facts about Sikhism Gurbani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Gurus Sikh practices are simple precise and practical guidelines laid out by the Gurus for the practice of the "Sikh way of life" The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikhism:CategorySikhism Sikhism Sikh Amritsar The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the [4][5] The Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the holiest literature in the Sikh religion [6], the tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh on 7th October 1708 made it the eternal Sikh Guru and the leader of Sikhism. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [7] Anywhere in the world where the Guru Granth Sahib is present is equally holy and precious to Sikhs. Amritsar is the location of Harmandir Sahib. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state

History

Its name literally meaning, House of God. The fourth Guru of Sikhism, [Guru Ram Das], excavated a tank in 1577 AD which subsequently became known as Amritsar (meaning: Pool of the Nectar of Immortality) [8], giving its name to the city that grew around it. In due course, a splendid Sikh edifice, Harmandir Sahib (meaning: The abode of God) [9], rose in the middle of this tank and became the supreme centre of Sikhism. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Its sanctum came to house the Adi Granth comprising compositions of Sikhi Gurus and other saints considered to have Sikh values and philosophies e. Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth g. Baba Farid, Kabir, etc. Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Masood Ganjshakar Dari حضرت بابا فرید الدّین مسعود گنج شکر Punjabi ਫ਼ਰੀਦ-ਉਦ-ਦੀਨ ਗੰਜਸ਼ਕਰ}} Al-Kabir "the Great" is also one of the 99 names of God in Islam The compilation of the Adi Granth was started by the fifth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Arjan Dev. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April,

The Amritsar area

Amritsar is located in the Majha region of the Punjab. Majha (Mājha is a historical region of the Punjab comprising the modern districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran in the Indian Majha is also known as the Bari Doab, since it is the Doab (Do = two, ab = rivers) or the (fluvial) tract of land which lies between two of the five great rivers of the province, the Ravi and the Beas. Majha (Mājha is a historical region of the Punjab comprising the modern districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran in the Indian A Doab ( Persian, Urdu: dō, "two" + āb, "water" or "river" is a term used in India and The Ravi River (रवि ਰਾਵੀ راوی is a River in Pakistan and India. As such, Majha lies in the heart of the ancient Punjab region, comprised of Gurdaspur, Batala and Tarn Taran Sahib as well as Amritsar. Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the North-West part of the Republic of India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the drum music see Batala (music. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tarn Taran Sahib is the district headquarters and a Municipal council in Taran Taran district

Construction of the Harmandir Sahib

The Harmandir Sahib at night
The Harmandir Sahib at night

Originally built during 1574 AD, the site of the temple was surrounded by a small lake in a thin forest. The third of the six grand Mughals, emperor Akbar, who visited the third Sikh Guru, Guru Amar Das, at the neighbouring town of Goindval was so impressed by the way of life in the town that he gave a jagir (the land and the revenues of several villages in the vicinity) to the Guru's daughter Bhani as a gift on her marriage to Bhai Jetha, who later became the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar Guru Amar Das ( Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ( 5 May 1479 - 1 September 1574) was the third of The Goindval (also known as Goindwal Sahib is a place in Amritsar district in the states of Punjab in India about 22 km In Pakistan and India, a Jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years but not extending beyond Guru Ram Das (ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September, 1534 &ndash 1 September Guru Ram Das enlarged the lake and built a small township around it. The town was named after Guru Ram Das as "Guru Ka Chak", "Chak Ram Das" or "Ram Das Pura".

During the leadership of the fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev (1581-1606), the full-fledged Temple was built. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, In December 1588 the great Muslim Sufi saint of Lahore, Hazrat Mian Mir, who was a close friend of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, initiated the construction of the temple by laying the first foundation stone (December 1588 AD). Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. Mir Mohammed, (c 1550 – 11 August 1635) popularly known as Mian Mir is a famous Sufi Saint who resided in Lahore [10][11] A mason then straightened the stone but Guru Arjan Dev told him that, as he had undone the work just completed by the holy man, a disaster might come to the Harmandir Sahib. It was later attacked by the Mughals.

The temple was completed in 1604. Guru Arjan Dev, installed the Guru Granth Sahib in it and appointed Baba Buddha Ji as the first Granthi (Reader) of it on August 1604 AD. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the Baba Buddha, was one of closest companions of the guru Nanak (the first Guru of Sikhism and is one of the most revered and sacred saints in Sikhism. Granthi (literal meaning "the keeper and the reader of the Sikh scripture") is a person of either gender who performs the reading of the Guru Granth Sahib In the mid 18th century it was attacked by the Afghans, by one of Ahmed Shah Abdali's Generals, Jahan Khan, and had to be substantially rebuilt in the 1760s. The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c1723-1773 ( also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, However, in response a Sikh Army was sent to hunt down the Afghan force. They were under orders to show no mercy and historical evidence suggests none was shown. Both forces met each other 5 miles outside Amritsar; Jahan Khan's army was destroyed. [12] He himself was decapitated by commander Sardar Dayal Singh. Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capitis, meaning head or beheading, is the cutting off of the head of a person or animal Sardar ( Persian: سردار) (Sɐrdar is a title of Persian origin used for military or political leaders [13]

The Harmandir Sahib Complex and areas in its vicinity

The Map of the Harmandir Sahib
The Map of the Harmandir Sahib

The temple is surrounded by a large lake of water, known as the Sarovar which consists of Amrit (Holy Water or Immortal Nectar). There are four entrances to the temple, signifying the importance of acceptance and openness; ostensibly, this concept is reminiscent of the tent of Abraham in the Old Testament -- his tent was open on all four sides in order to be able to welcome travelers from all directions. Inside the temple complex there are many shrines to past Sikh Gurus, Saints and martyrs (see map). There are three holy trees (Bers) each signifiying a historical event or Sikh saint. Inside the temple there many memorial plaques that commemorate past Sikh historical events, saints, martyrs and includes commemorative inscriptions of all the Sikh soldiers who died fighting in World wars one and two. For a new visitor the first recommended place to visit is the information Office highlighted in the map and followed by visiting the Sikh Central museum near the main entrance and clock tower. Anyone who wants to enter the Harmandir Sahib may do so, irrespective of religion, colour, creed or sex. The only restrictions are that the person must not drink alcohol, eat meat or smoke cigarettes or other drugs while in the shrine. Visitors are, as well, expected to dress appropriately and everyone must cover their heads as a sign of respect, remove their shoes and wash their feet in the small pool of water as they enter the Harmandir Sahib premises. Head scarves are provided. All Sikh temples (Gurdwaras) in the world follow this traditional rule that everyone is welcome to enter. There are four doors to get into the Harmandir Sahib, meaning that Harmandir sahib is open to anyone.

The East entrance gate to Harmandir Sahib (see map)
The East entrance gate to Harmandir Sahib (see map)

In 1988, after Operation Black Thunder, a narrow peripheral strip of land (including buildings) was acquired by the government essentially to create a security belt. Operation Black Thunder is the name given to several operations that took place in India in late 1980s to flush out remaining Sikh extremists from Akal Takht A large number of people were displaced and rehabilitated in the process.

Wideview of Harmandir Sahib
Wideview of Harmandir Sahib

However, the project met with a strong resistance from the moderate as well as militant Sikh organisations and the project had to be abandoned, after a senior Government engineer, connected with the project, was killed. The project was revived only in 1993 by the Deputy Commissioner Karan Bir Singh Sidhu, who was also appointed as the Project Director of what was popularly described as the Galliara Project. He changed the concept of the periphery from that of a security belt to that of a second parikarma and created a serene landscape that was fully consistent with the ethereal beauty of the Harmandir Sahib. This was done in quiet consultation with the SGPC. The Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕ ਕਮੇਟੀ (also called the parliament of the Sikhs is an organisation The pilgrims today can travel by foot in the Galliara; no vehicles are permitted.

Artwork and monument sculptures

North Entrance gate near Ath-sath Tirath (68 Sacred Places) (Point 15 on map)
North Entrance gate near Ath-sath Tirath (68 Sacred Places) (Point 15 on map)

Much of the present decorative gilding and marblework dates from the early 1800s. All the gold and exquisite marble work were conducted under the patronage of Hukam Singh Chimni and Emperor Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Sikh Empire of the Punjab. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ also called "Sher-e-Punjab" ("The Lion of the Punjab" (1780-1839 was a The Sikh Confederacy was a nation that existed from 1716 to 1799 The Darshani Deorhi Arch stands at the beginning of the causeway to the Harmandir Sahib; it is 202 feet (62 m) high and 21 feet (6 m) in width. In modern usage a causeway is a road or railway elevated by a bank usually across a broad Body of water or Wetland. The gold plating on the Harmandir Sahib was begun by Emperor Ranjit Singh and was finished in 1830 AD. The Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of the Punjab), was a heavy donor of wealth and materials for the shrine and is remembered with much affection by the Punjabi people in general and the Sikh community in particular. The Punjabi people ( Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. Maharaja Ranjit Singh also built two of the other most sacred temples in Sikhism. This was due to Maharaja Ranjit Singh having a deep love for the tenth Guru of Sikhism Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was The other two most sacred temples in Sikhism, which he built, are Takht Sri Patna Sahib (intiation or birth place of Guru Gobind Singh) and Takht Sri Hazur Sahib the place of Guru Gobind Singh's Sikh ascension into heaven. Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Patna Sahib, one of the Five Takhts of the Sikhs the Supreme Temporal Authorities of Sikhism Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Hazur Sahib is a Sikh gurudwara located on the banks of the River Godavari at the city of Nanded in the state of Maharashtra

In film and television

Notable visits

The Causeway to the Harmandir Sahib (Point 10 on map)
The Causeway to the Harmandir Sahib (Point 10 on map)

Celebrations at Harmandir Sahib

The Harmandir Sahib Watch Towers (Point 17 on map)
The Harmandir Sahib Watch Towers (Point 17 on map)

One of the most important festivals is Vaisakhi, which is celebrated in the second week of April (13th usually). In modern usage a causeway is a road or railway elevated by a bank usually across a broad Body of water or Wetland. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (அவுல் பகீர் ஜைனுலாப்தீன் அப்துல் கலாம் born October 15 1931 Tamil Nadu Manmohan Singh (ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ (born 26 September 1932 is the 17th John Whitaker Straw (born 3 August 1946 most commonly known as Jack Straw, is a senior British Labour Party Politician. Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Lhamo Döndrub ( 6 July 1935 in Qinghai) He is the head of the Tibetan government-in-exile Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of Sikhs celebrate the founding of the Khalsa on this day and it is celebrated with fervour in the Harmandir Sahib. Other important Sikh religious days such as the martyrdom day of Guru Teg Bahadur, birthday of Guru Nanak etc, are also celebrated with religious piety. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib Similarly Diwali is one of the festivals which sees the Harmandir Sahib beautifully illuminated with Divas/Diyas (lamps),lights and fireworks are discharged. During these special occasions 1-2 million pilgrims visit the Holy shrine named Harmandir Sahib.

Most Sikh people visit Amritsar and the Harmandir Sahib at least once during lifetime, particularly during special occasions in their life such as birthdays,marriages or birth of their children etc.

Reaching the Harmandir Sahib from abroad

Amritsar International Airport
Amritsar International Airport

For the global Sikh pilgrim or international tourist visitor the fastest way to reach the Harmandir Sahib is by air-travel. Raja Sansi International Airport, also known as Guru Ram Das International Airport, after Guru Ram Das the founder of Amritsar as well as Amritsar International The holy city of Amritsar, where the Harmandir Sahib is located, has a rapidly expanding modern Airport called, Amritsar International Airport. Raja Sansi International Airport, also known as Guru Ram Das International Airport, after Guru Ram Das the founder of Amritsar as well as Amritsar International The airport can be reached direct, by the international traveller, from most major cities of the world including, London and Toronto. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Moreover, there is a rapidly expanding array of international hotels in the holy city that can be booked for overnight stays. Lonely Planet Bluelist 2008 has voted the Harmandir Sahib as one of the world’s best spiritual sites. Lonely Planet Publications (usually known as Lonely Planet or LP) is one of the largest travel Guidebook publishers in the world [14]

Recent events

Operation Blue Star

Main article: Operation Blue Star
Damage to the Akal Takht from Operation Blue Star
Damage to the Akal Takht from Operation Blue Star

Between June 3 and June 6, 1984, the Indian Army led by General Kuldip Singh Brar brought troops into the Harmandir Sahib to arrest Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Akal Takht (ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ əkɑl t̪əxt̪ literally means The Seat (Throne of the Timeless One or Seat (Throne of God Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿੰਡਰਾਂਵਾਲੇ ʤəɾnɛl sɪ́ŋg pɪ̀ɳɖɾɑnʋɑɺ̡e (February 12 1947 &ndash June 6 1984 was He and some followers had taken refuge in the Harmandir Sahib, and resisted the police who sought to arrest him for suspected acts of terrorism.

By 1983, the Harmandir Sahib became a shelter for a large number of militants. Mark Tully and Satish Jacob wrote[15]: "All . . . [Bhindranwale's] terrorists were known by name to the shopkeepers and the householders who live in the narrow alleys surrounding the Golden Temple . . . The Punjab police must have known who they were also, but they made no attempt to arrest them. By this time Bhindranwale and his men were above the law. "

The Harmandir Sahib compund and some of the surrounding houses were fortified. The Statesman reported on July 4 that light machine-guns and sophisticated self-loading rifles were known to have been brought into the compound.

Indira Gandhi ordered the army to launch Operation Blue Star, leading to fierce fighting ensued between Bhindranwale's supporters and the soldiers, in which many of Bhindranwale's supporters were killed along with many soldiers. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation An official account tallies the deaths of 83 soldiers and 492 civilians[16]. The Harmandir Sahib complex also suffered much damage due to the fighting, especially the holy Sri Akal Takhat Sahib.

Many Sikhs regarded the attack as a desecration of their holiest shrine, and their alienation had deep and dramatic consequences. Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her bodyguards, both Sikhs, the following October.

Sonia Gandhi in 1998 officially apologized for the assault on the holy Harmandir Sahib, as a great mistake. Sonia Gandhi, born Edvige Antonia Albina Maino on 9 December 1946 is an Indian politician the President of the Indian National Congress and Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) [17]

In 1986 the repairs performed on the holy Sri Akal Takhat Sahib, which the Rajiv Gandhi Government had undertaken without consultation, were removed. Rajiv Gandhi राजीव गांधी (raːdʒiːv gaːnd̪ʰiː born in Bombay, (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991 the elder son of Indira and Feroze A new Sri Akal Takhat Sahib was completed in 1999 by Kar Seva (free pilgrim service & work).

Photo gallery

Harmandir Sahib main Building with Akal Takht Sahib

Harmandir Sahib from the North Entrance gate near Ath-sath Tirath (68 Sacred Places) (Point 15 on map)

Gurdwara Baba Atal, Harmandir Sahib complex Amritsar (Point 25 on map)

Nishaan Sahib (Flagstaffs) (Point 7 on map)

Harmandir Sahib Complex

Harmandir Sahib

The Entrance to the Harmandir Sahib as seen from the inside of the complex

Corridor, Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar. The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Akal Takht (ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ əkɑl t̪əxt̪ literally means The Seat (Throne of the Timeless One or Seat (Throne of God Many of the millions of pilgrims that visit the Harimandir Sahib every year do not realise that one of Amritsar’s finest architectural marvels and one of the Sikh Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state

Panorama of the main building and Sarovar

North Entrance gate near Ath-sath Tirath (68 Sacred Places) (Point 15 on map).

The Causeway to the Harmandir Sahib (Point 10 on map)

The East entrance gate to Harmandir Sahib (see map)

Harmandir, circa 1870

Harmandir Sahib Amritsar 1987, Amritsar. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state

Guarding the Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state

Langar Canteen, inside Harmandir Sahib.

Harmandir Sahib.

Other gurdwaras

See also

References

  1. ^ Harban Singh; Punjabi University (1998). The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Akal Takht (ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ əkɑl t̪əxt̪ literally means The Seat (Throne of the Timeless One or Seat (Throne of God Gurudwara Panja Sahib is situated at Hasan Abdal, 48 km from Rawalpindi in Pakistan. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib is the most prominent Sikh Gurdwara, or Sikh house of worship in Delhi. Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Hazur Sahib is a Sikh gurudwara located on the banks of the River Godavari at the city of Nanded in the state of Maharashtra Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Patna Sahib, one of the Five Takhts of the Sikhs the Supreme Temporal Authorities of Sikhism The Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Damdama Sahib, one of the Five Takhts or Seat of Temporal Authority of Sikhism, Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is situated at Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Kesgarh Sahib (the birth place of the Khalsa is one of the Five Temporal Authorities of Sikhism. Sri Hemkunt Sahib is located in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India. Pilgrimage shrines mark the places where the landforms themselves - mountains rivers forests and Many religious traditions have a most sacred site, a physical location which is considered especially holy Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University. ISBN 817380530X.  
  2. ^ Golden Temple, Punjabi University, Parm Barkshish Singh, Devinder Kumar Verma, ISBN 8173805695
  3. ^ Harban Singh; Punjabi University (1998). Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University. ISBN 817380530X.  
  4. ^ The Sikhism Home Page: Sri Guru Granth Sahib
  5. ^ Harban Singh; Punjabi University (1998). Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University. ISBN 817380530X.  
  6. ^ The Sikhism Home Page: Sri Guru Granth Sahib
  7. ^ The Sikhism Home Page: Sri Guru Granth Sahib
  8. ^ Golden Temple, Punjabi University, Parm Barkshish Singh, Devinder Kumar Verma ISBN 8173805695
  9. ^ Golden Temple, Punjabi University, Parm Barkshish Singh, Devinder Kumar Verma, ISBN 8173805695.
  10. ^ A Gateway to Sikhism | The Sikh Saints:Mian Mir - A Gateway to Sikhism
  11. ^ Harban Singh; Punjabi University (1998). Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University. ISBN 817380530X.  
  12. ^ Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-1769), By Ram Gupta.
  13. ^ Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-1769), By Ram Gupta.
  14. ^ http://www.ptinews.com/pti/ptisite.nsf/0/03d3a18aa4bdceae6525738e00199bff?OpenDocument
  15. ^ Mark Tully and Satish Jacob, Amritsar -Mrs. Gandhi's Last Battle (Calcutta: Rupa & Co. by arrangement with Pan Books, London, 1985)
  16. ^ Varinder Walia, "Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar: Says Longowal surrendered", The Tribune, Chandigarh (March 20, 2007)
  17. ^ BBC News | S/W ASIA | Sonia Gandhi apologises for raid on Sikh temple

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