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This page is about the city of Hamadan. For the province with this name, see Hamadan Province. Hamadān or Hamedan (استان همدان is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. For the Yemeni tribal group, see Banu Hamadan

Hamadan
همدان
Avicenna's monument in Avicenna Square in Hamadan
Avicenna's monument in Avicenna Square in Hamadan
Hamadan (Iran)
Hamadan
Hamadan
Coordinates: 34°48′N 48°31′E / 34.8, 48.517
Elevation1,850 m (6,070 ft)
Population (2005)
 - Total550,284
Time zoneIRST (UTC+3:30)
 - Summer (DST)not observed (UTC+3:30)

Hamedān or Hamadān (Persian: همدان , Old Persian: Hagmatana, Ancient Greek: Ecbatana) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Banu Hamdan is a well known Clan since the 1st millennium BCE it was mentioned in Sabaic inscriptions as qayls of Hashid, who later acquired TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> ( Persian /ابو علی الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا (born The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Iran Standard Time ( IRST) or Iran Time ( IT) is the Time zone used in Iran. UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) Daylight saving time ( DST UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) The Old Persian language is one of the two attested Old Iranian languages (besides Avestan) The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Ecbatana ( Old Persian: Haŋgmatana, written Agbatana in Aeschylus and Herodotus, Agámtanu by Nabonidos Hamadān or Hamedan (استان همدان is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It had an estimated population of 550,284 in 2005. [1]

Hamadan is believed to be among the oldest Iranian cities and one of the oldest in the world.

Hamadan is a green mountainous area in the foothills of the 3574-meter Alvand Mountain, in the midwest part of Iran. The city is 1850 meters above sea level.

The special nature of this old city and its historic sites attract tourists during the summer to this city, located approximately 400km southwest of Tehran. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of

Contents

History

The Ganjnameh, a cuneiform inscription in Hamadan
The Ganjnameh, a cuneiform inscription in Hamadan
Golden Rhyton from Iran's Achaemenid period from Ecbatana. National Museum of Iran
Golden Rhyton from Iran's Achaemenid period from Ecbatana. Rhyton (plural rhyta) is the ancient Greek word (ῥυτόν rutón) for a container from which fluids were intended to be drunk or else poured in some The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of Ecbatana ( Old Persian: Haŋgmatana, written Agbatana in Aeschylus and Herodotus, Agámtanu by Nabonidos National Museum of Iran
Hegmatane ancient city in Hamadan
Hegmatane ancient city in Hamadan

According to an inscription from the first Assyrian king, Hamadan's construction is dated at 1100 BC, but some historians believe it dates back to 3000 BC. The National Museum of Iran (in Persian: موزه ملي ايران Mūze-ye Millī-ye Irān, or موزه ایران باستان Muze-ye Irân-e Bâstân Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture

Hamadan was established by the Medes and was the capital of the Median empire. The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. It then became one of several capital cities of the Achaemenid Dynasty. The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of

Hamadan is mentioned in the biblical book of Ezra as the place where a scroll was found giving the Jews permission from King Darius to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem. (Ezra 6:2). Its ancient name of Ecbatana is used in the Ezra text. Because it was a mile above sea level, it was a good place to preserve leather documents.

During the Parthian era, Ctesiphon was the capital of the country, and Hamadan the summer capital and residence of the Parthian rulers. Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran For the Spanish saint see Ctesiphon of Vergium. Ctesiphon (قطسيفون تیسفون was one of the great cities of the Persian Empire After the Parthians, the Sassanids constructed their summer palaces in Hamadan. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire In the year 633 the battle of Nahavand took place and Hamadan fell into the hands of the Muslim Arabs. Events By Place Europe Oswald of Bernicia becomes Bretwalda. Osric becomes king of Deira. Nahāvand is a town in Hamadan Province in Iran. It is located in south of Hamadan, east of Malayer and shouthwest of Borujerd

During the Buwayhids , the city suffered much damage. The Buyids (آل بویه Āl-e Buye, Caspian: Bowyiyün also known as Buwaihids or Buyyids, were a Shī‘ah Iranian In the 11th century, the Seljuks shifted their capital from Baghdad to Hamadan. The Great Seljuq Empire was a Medieval Sunni Muslim empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous

Gonbade Alavian in Hamadan
Gonbade Alavian in Hamadan

The city of Hamadan, its fortunes following the rise and fall of regional powers, was completely destroyed during the Timurid invasion. During the Safavid era the city thrived. The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz Thereafter, in the 18th century, Hamadan was surrendered to the Ottomans, but due to the courage and chivalry of Nader Shah Afshar, Hamadan was cleared of invaders and, as a result of a peace treaty between Iran and the Ottomans, it was returned to Iran. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Nāder Shāh Afshār ( also known as Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (November Hamadan stands on the Silk Road, and even in recent centuries the city enjoyed strong commerce and trade as a result of its location on the main road network in the western region of Persia and Iran. The Silk Road, or Silk Routes, are an extensive interconnected network of Trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East South and Western Asia with the

During World War I, the city was the scene of heavy fighting between Russian and Turko-German forces. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All It was occupied by both armies, and finally by the British, before it was returned to control of the Iranian government at the end of the war in 1918.

Climate

Landscape in Hamadan Province
Landscape in Hamadan Province
in Hamadan
in Hamadan

Hamadan province lies in a temperate mountainous region to the east of Zagros. The Zagros Mountains (جبال زاجروس (رشته كوههاى زاگرس ( Sorani Kurdish: Zagros - زاگرۆس make up Iran 's and Iraq 's The vast plains of the north and northeast of the province are influenced by strong winds, that almost last throughout the year. The various air currents of this region are: the north and north west winds of the spring and winter seasons, which are usually humid and bring rainfall. The west-east air currents that blow in the autumn, and the local winds that develop due to difference in air-pressure between the elevated areas and the plains, like the blind wind of the Asad Abad region.

Hamadan isin the vicinity of the Alvand mountains and has a cold, mountainous climate, with snowy winters. In fact, it is one of the coldest cities in Iran. The temperature may drop below -30°C on the coldest days. Heavy snowfall is common during winter and this can persist for periods of up to two months. During the short summer, the weather is mild, pleasant, and mostly sunny.

Culture

Image:Hamadan rug.JPG
An example of a traditional Rug of Hamadan.

Hamadan is home to many poets and cultural celebrities. The city is also said to be among the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.

Handicrafts: Hamadan has always been well known for handicrafts like leather, ceramic, and beautiful carpets.

Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists 207 sites of historical and cultural significance in the city of Hamadan alone. Iran Cultural Heritage Handcrafts and Tourism Organization ( is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran.

Legend has it that the biblical Esther is buried in Hamadan. Esther ( born Hadassah, is a queen of Persian Empire in the Hebrew Bible, the queen of Ahasuerus (traditionally identified with Artaxerxes

The scientist and writer known in the west as Avicenna (Abu Ali Sina) is buried in Hamadan. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> ( Persian /ابو علی الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا (born

The 11th century Persian poet Baba Taher is also interred in Hamadan.

It is the birthplace of Badi` al-Zaman al-Hamadhani, author of the Maqamat. Badi' al-Zamān al-Hamadāni or Badi' al-Zamān al-Hamadhāni (967 - 1007 Arabic: بديع الزمان الهمذاني) was a tenth century master of

Contemporary Culture and Extras

The residents of Hamadan are very proud of the city's historical heritage. Another source of their pride is Avicenna (aka Bouali, Buali, Ebn-e-sina, Pur-e-Sina) who is buried in Hamadan. Primary schools, high schools, and the main city's university are named after him. Even shops and businesses are named after him. Bouali Street is a very busy one and a favorite pastime of Hamadanians is to stroll up and down the street where they frequently bump into their acquaintances. The city has a population of around 600,000 including its outer suburbs. Hamadan is generally a prosperous city; the northern districts are mainly lower middle-class or working class, whereas the southern half of city is where the upper middle class and the rich live.

Sport

PAS Hamadan
PAS Hamadan

PAS Hamedan F.C. who will participate in the 07/08 IPL are Hamadan's highest status football club, founded on June 9, 2007 after the dissolution of PAS Tehran F.C.. PAS Hamedan Football Club ( is an Iranian football club based in Hamedan, Iran. The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Pas Tehran Football Club ( was an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran.

Hamadan is also known for training the best wrestlers in Iran. Hamadan has a very good wrestling team.

Attractions

Sister cities

Colleges and universities

Famous Hamadanians

See also

References

  1. ^ Cities in Iran: 2005 Population Estimates

External links

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