The official logo for the Halo franchise

Halo is a science fiction video game series, created by Bungie Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Bungie is an American Video game developer founded in May 1991 under the name Microsoft Game Studios ( MGS) branded with current logo and moniker in 2002 (formerly the Microsoft Game Division or Microsoft Games) is a Wholly It centers on the Master Chief, a cybernetically-enhanced human super-soldier, equipped with technologically-advanced battle armor and an artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana. Master Chief Petty Officer John-117, commonly called the Master Chief, is a Fictional character and the main Protagonist of the Halo Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the Structure of Complex systems especially Communication processes control mechanisms and Feedback Cortana is a fictional artificially intelligent (AI character in Bungie 's ''Halo'' video game series. He aids the humans of a futuristic universe battle the Covenant, a theocratic alliance of alien races. The Covenant is a fictional Militaristic and theocratic alliance of alien races who serve as one of the main antagonistic forces of the Halo Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler In this science fiction setting, the term "Halo" refers to Halo megastructures, large, habitable ringed structures, similar to Larry Niven's ringworlds. Halos are fictional Megastructures and Superweapons in the Halo video game series Laurence van Cott Niven (born April 30, 1938 Los Angeles California) is a US Science fiction author. Ringworld is a Hugo and Nebula award-winning 1970 Science fiction novel by Larry Niven, set in his Known Space ^[1][2]

The Halo trilogy video games have been praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Microsoft Xbox's "killer app". A first-person shooter ( FPS) is an action Video game from the Shooter game The initial development of Maze War The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) in the jargon of computer programmers and video gamers has been used to refer to any Computer program ^[3] This has led to the term "Halo killer" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than Halo. ^[4] Halo's sequel, Halo 2, broke sales records for a media release,^[5] and Halo 3 sold more than US $170 million worth of copies in the first 24 hours of release, breaking Halo 2's record. Halo 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie Studios. Halo 3 is a First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie exclusively for the Xbox 360. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[6][7] As of October 4, 2007, all three Halo games combined have sold over 20 million copies. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[8]

The strong sales of the series have led to the expansion of the series to other mediums. The Halo franchise includes five bestselling novels, two series of graphic novels, and numerous other licensed products. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story A This is a list of media related to the '''''Halo'' series'''. Spin-off games have been announced, including the upcoming real-time strategy game Halo Wars and Halo: Chronicles, which is being developed by Peter Jackson. A real-time strategy ( RTS) Video game is a strategic game that is distinctly not turn-based. Halo Wars is an upcoming Real-time strategy Video game that will take place in the fictional Halo universe. Halo Chronicles is an episodic Video game first announced at Microsoft 's Xbox show X06. Peter Robert Jackson, CNZM (born 31 October 1961 is a three-time Academy Award -winning New Zealand director producer and writer best known for directing The series' award-winning music has been composed by Martin O'Donnell, and soundtracks have been released for the three main games. Martin "Marty" O'Donnell is an American Composer known for his work on musical pieces for Video games from Bungie Studios such as the The cultural impact of the Halo series has been compared by Brian Bendis to that of Star Wars,^[9] and dubbed those who enjoy the series the "Halo Nation". Brian Michael Bendis (born 1967 is an American Comic book writer and erstwhile artist Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded ^[10]

Overview

Common elements

The Halo series features recurring science fiction and action game elements. An action game is a game that challenges a player's speed dexterity and reaction time Ancient structures, alien races, and cyborgs are recurring themes in science fiction, and all appear in the series. Halos are fictional Megastructures and Superweapons in the Halo video game series A cyborg is a Cybernetic Organism ( ie, an organism that has both artificial and natural systems The first three games are first-person shooters, with the player experiencing most action from the protagonist's perspective. A first-person shooter ( FPS) is an action Video game from the Shooter game The initial development of Maze War ^[11] Halo introduced the concept of limiting the number of weapons players could carry to two, forcing them to carefully select their preferred armament. ^[12] Players may fight with ranged or melee attacks, as well as carry a limited number of grenades. In Physics, a Projectile launched with specific Initial conditions in a uniform Gravity field will have a predictable range Melee (from the French mêlée meˈleː generally refers to disorganized Close combat involving a group of fighters Bungie refers to the "weapons-grenades-melee" format as the "Golden Triangle of Halo",^[13] which has remained fundamentally unchanged since the series' debut. In Halo: Combat Evolved, the player's health is measured in hit points, and they are protected by a damage-absorbing energy shield that recharges continually. Health is a Game mechanic used in computer and Video games to give value to characters, enemies NPCs, and related objects ^[14] Later games exclusively featured the recharging shield, removing the health hit points.

Halo 2 introduced new gameplay elements, chief among them the ability to hold and fire two weapons at once, known as "dual wielding",^[15] and allowing players to hijack vehicles. Hijacking means to take over by force. Hijacking may refer to In property: Aircraft hijacking or 'skyjacking' Halo 2 was the first game in the series to fully support multiplayer, through Xbox Live, and used "matchmaking" to facilitate joining online matches, by grouping players looking for certain types of games. Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation ^[15] Halo 3 added new features, including a class of items known as "equipment", as well as heavy support weapons. ^[16] Rather than create new maps and geometry, Bungie included a map-editing tool known as the Forge, which allows players to insert game objects, such as weapons and crates, into existing multiplayer maps. ^[17] Special multiplayer maps may be edited by the Forge during a game. Also, players can save a recording of their games, and view them as video, from any angle. ^[18]

Synopsis

Halo is set in several centuries in the future. After the development of the "Shaw-Fujikawa Translight Engine", the United Nations Space Command (UNSC) began traveling across the galaxy and colonizing other worlds; over 800 planets were colonized in 200 years. " Slipstream " is a Science fiction term for a fictional method of Faster-than-light space travel similar to hyperspace travel Warp The bestselling ''Halo'' franchise takes place in the fictional Halo universe where there are four major factions players encounter or control Interstellar space travel is unmanned or manned Travel between Stars The concept of interstellar travel in Starships is a staple in Science fiction Planets were categorized into "Inner Colonies" and "Outer Colonies"; the Inner Colonies are closer to Earth, and therefore older and more developed than the Outer Colonies, which often rebel. These rebellions led to the creation of the SPARTAN-II Project by the UNSC, in an effort to hold the colonies together. The SPARTAN Project is a fictional government project in the ''Halo'' series which produces Supersoldiers The protagonist of the video games Halo Combat Twenty-seven years before the events of the main trilogy, communication with an Outer Colony is lost, and the ship sent to investigate is destroyed by the Covenant, a militaristic and theocratic alliance of alien races. ^[19] The Covenant Hierarchs declare humanity an affront to the Gods, and order its annihilation. The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the By 2535, almost all of the Outer Colonies have been destroyed by the Covenant; aliens have a significant technological advantage, and prove nearly impossible for the UNSC to defeat in space engagements. These events are only referred to in the video games, but their full descriptions are outlined in the novels Halo: The Fall of Reach and Contact Harvest. Halo The Fall of Reach is a 2001 science fiction Novel by Eric Nylund based on the ''Halo'' series of video games and acts as a prequel Halo Contact Harvest is a Science fiction novel by Joseph Staten, set in the ''Halo'' universe.

The main story arc of the trilogy begins with Halo: Combat Evolved, and is set in 2552. The Covenant arrive at Reach, which was—together with Earth—the UNSC's last stronghold; they vitrify the planet, leaving very few survivors. Halo is a Science fiction Video game franchise created by Bungie and owned and published by Microsoft Game Studios. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Vitrification is a process of converting a material into a Glass -like Amorphous solid that is free from any Crystalline structure either by the quick removal However, Master Chief, the last SPARTAN-II thought alive, escapes on the ship Pillar of Autumn, headed to supposedly random coordinates selected by the female AI, Cortana, which she had obtained from ancient Forerunner hieroglyphs. Master Chief Petty Officer John-117, commonly called the Master Chief, is a Fictional character and the main Protagonist of the Halo The bestselling ''Halo'' franchise takes place in the fictional Halo universe where there are four major factions players encounter or control Cortana is a fictional artificially intelligent (AI character in Bungie 's ''Halo'' video game series. The bestselling ''Halo'' franchise takes place in the fictional Halo universe where there are four major factions players encounter or control The ship arrives at the titular Halo, Installation 04, and is attacked by the Covenant. Halos are fictional Megastructures and Superweapons in the Halo video game series After being forced to the surface of the ring, the Flood, a parasitic alien species, is released by the Covenant, prompting the Monitor of the ring, called 343 Guilty Spark, to convince the Master Chief to activate Halo's defenses, so that the Flood would be destroyed. The Flood are fictional parasitic alien life forms in Bungie 's Halo video game series The bestselling ''Halo'' franchise takes place in the fictional Halo universe where there are four major factions players encounter or control The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the The Halo is designed to starve the Flood of their food—sentient life—by exterminating life for thousands of light-years in every direction. Sentience is the ability to feel or perceive subjectively. It is an important concept in the philosophy of Animal rights, in buddhist philosophy and in Upon discovering the Halo's use, the Master Chief detonates the fusion reactors in the crashed Pillar of Autumn, destroying the ring; he then escapes in a fighter spacecraft. ^[20]

In Halo: First Strike, the Master Chief returns to Reach, located in the Epsilon Eridani system, and rejoins the survivors of the vitrification. Halo First Strike is the third novel in the ''Halo'' series and the second Halo novel written by Eric Nylund. Epsilon Eridani (ε Eri / ε Eridani is a main-sequence K2 class Star. He and other SPARTAN-II's—who had survived the destruction of Reach—proceed to attack a Covenant space station and rendezvous point, where a fleet is massing to attack Earth. The space station is destroyed, giving the humans time to prepare for the invasion. ^[21] Soon after, in Halo 2, a small Covenant fleet arrives at Earth. Badly beaten by the humans, the Covenant commander, the High Prophet of Regret, flees to Halo Installation 05, taking the human ship In Amber Clad with him. The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the Halos are fictional Megastructures and Superweapons in the Halo video game series The bestselling ''Halo'' franchise takes place in the fictional Halo universe where there are four major factions players encounter or control At Installation 05, the Master Chief kills the High Prophet, leading to the Brutes replacing the Elites as the preferred soldiers of the Covenant, causing a schism. The Covenant is a fictional Militaristic and theocratic alliance of alien races who serve as one of the main antagonistic forces of the Halo Elites are a fictional alien race in the ''Halo'' series by Bungie Studios. The word schism (ˈsɪzəm or /ˈskɪzəm/ from the Greek σχίσμα skhísma (from σχίζω skhízō, "to tear to split" The Elites, realizing they were betrayed, ally with the humans. One of the Elites, called Arbiter, prevents the firing of the Halo by the Brute Tartarus, with the aid of Miranda Keyes and Sergeant Johnson. The position of Arbiter is a fictional ceremonial and political rank bestowed upon special Covenant Elites in the Halo universe The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the However, this inadvertently puts all the rings on standby: the remaining installations can be activated remotely from "The Ark". Halos are fictional Megastructures and Superweapons in the Halo video game series ^[22]

The Master Chief stows away on a Forerunner vessel headed to Earth, which was conquered by the Covenant. The bestselling ''Halo'' franchise takes place in the fictional Halo universe where there are four major factions players encounter or control The invaders excavated a Forerunner artifact in the Kenyan desert,^[23] leading to the events of the final video game in the trilogy, Halo 3. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Despite the efforts of the now-allied Elites and humans, the High Prophet of Truth activates the artifact, which opens a slipspace portal to the Ark. The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the " Slipstream " is a Science fiction term for a fictional method of Faster-than-light space travel similar to hyperspace travel Warp The Master Chief and the Arbiter travel through the portal aboard an Elite ship, and prevent the Prophet from activating The Ark. They then activate a new Halo ring,—intended to replace the recently destroyed Installation 04, but not yet fully built—in an effort to destroy the Flood, while still sparing the rest of the galaxy. ^[24] Because the ring's construction was incomplete, the resulting pulse destroys the ring and damages the Ark. The Arbiter escapes the explosion, but the Master Chief and Cortana are left drifting in space, trapped in the severed rear half of their ship. The Master Chief puts himself in cryo-freeze, as he and Cortana wait for their rescue. Cryonics is the low-temperature Preservation of Humans and other Animals that can no longer be sustained by contemporary Medicine until

Games

Currently, Halo series includes three games; the games in the trilogy were released in chronological order, with each new installment following the events of the previous title. Other games are planned to continue the series.

Main trilogy

Released on November 15, 2001, the Xbox version of Halo: Combat Evolved was the first Halo video game,^[25] and introduced many of the common gameplay and plot themes in the series. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Halo Combat Evolved (commonly known as Halo or Halo 1) is a First-person shooter (FPS Video game developed Players battle various aliens on foot or in vehicles to complete objectives, while attempting to uncover the secrets of the eponymous Halo. A PC port was developed by Gearbox Software, and released on September 30, 2003;^[26] a Mac OS X version was released the same year, on December 11. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated See also Software portability In Computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created Gearbox Software LLC is an American video game development company based in Plano Texas. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office ^[27] A stand-alone expansion, entitled Halo: Custom Edition, was released as a PC exclusive, and allowed players to create custom content for the game.

Halo 2, the sequel to Combat Evolved, was released on the Xbox on November 9, 2004, in two different editions. Halo 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie Studios. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The standard Halo 2 edition has traditional Xbox packaging, and comprised of a single disc, which contained both the single and multiplayer components. The Collector's Edition has a specially designed aluminum case, along with an additional bonus DVD, extra booklet, and slightly different user manual. Unlike its predecessor, the Halo 2 fully supports online multiplayer via Xbox Live. Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation It holds the record for the longest streak as the number one game on Xbox Live,^[28] retaining the top spot for two years, after which Gears of War replaced it as the most-played multiplayer game. Gears of War is a tactical Third-person shooter Video game developed by Epic Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios. ^[29] A PC port for the Windows Vista operating system was later released by an internal team, dubbed "Hired Gun", which was composed of both Microsoft Game Studios and Bungie Studios personnel. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Microsoft Game Studios ( MGS) branded with current logo and moniker in 2002 (formerly the Microsoft Game Division or Microsoft Games) is a Wholly

Halo 3 is the third game and final game in the main Halo series, ending the story arc begun in Halo: Combat Evolved. Halo 3 is a First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie exclusively for the Xbox 360. A story arc is an extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as Television, Comic books Comic strips ^[30] The game was released on the Xbox 360 on September 25, 2007, in North America and Oceania; September 26, 2007, in Europe;^[31] and September 27, 2007, in Japan. The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. ^[32] It features several new gameplay elements, including new vehicles and weapons, that were not present in previous Halo games; also bundled with the game were several saved gameplay films, the Forge map editor—which allows the player to modify levels—and file sharing.

Spin-offs and sequels

The success of the main Halo trilogy has spurred the creation of spin-offs. Halo Wars is a real-time strategy game being developed by Ensemble Studios for the Xbox 360. Halo Wars is an upcoming Real-time strategy Video game that will take place in the fictional Halo universe. A real-time strategy ( RTS) Video game is a strategic game that is distinctly not turn-based. Originally founded as an independent developer in 1995 Ensemble Studios has been a Microsoft -owned developer since 2001 The Xbox 360 is the second Video game console produced by Microsoft, and was developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, and SiS. Set in the year 2531, the game will take place place prior to the events of Halo: Combat Evolved. ^[33] According to Ensemble, much effort has been expended into developing a control scheme that is simple and does not have issues like those in other console strategy games. ^[33][34] The game was announced at X06, where a pre-rendered trailer was shown; at E3 2007, a montage of gameplay clips featuring many aspects of Halo Wars was shown, followed by a demonstration video on the official site. X (sometimes called the "X0 events" is an annually held Trade show hosted by Microsoft, showcasing its Xbox - and more recently Games for The history of the E3 began with its creation in 1995 and has continued through the current expo in 2008 The game will be released on October 1, 2008. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[35][36] The other in-universe spin-off is Halo: Chronicles, a "new trilogy" of Halo games. A fictional universe is a self-consistent fictional setting with unique background elements such as an imaginary history or geography and possibly fantasy or science Halo Chronicles is an episodic Video game first announced at Microsoft 's Xbox show X06. Originally announced on September 27, 2006, at X06 as an untitled project, these titles are to be co-written, co-designed, and co-produced by Peter Jackson, with his recently formed development studio, Wingnut Interactive; the series will be episodic. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. X (sometimes called the "X0 events" is an annually held Trade show hosted by Microsoft, showcasing its Xbox - and more recently Games for Peter Robert Jackson, CNZM (born 31 October 1961 is a three-time Academy Award -winning New Zealand director producer and writer best known for directing Wingnut Interactive is a video game development studio that was formed in 2006 from a partnership between Microsoft Game Studios and director Peter Jackson For the Stratovarius album see Episode (album. An episode is a part of a Dramatic work such as a serial television ^[37] A Halo-based character, Nicole Spartan-458, appeared in Dead or Alive 4, a product of the collaboration between Tecmo's Team Ninja and Microsoft's Bungie Studios. Nicole, codenamed SPARTAN-458, is a fictional character from Team Ninja 's 2005 Fighting game Dead or Alive 4. Dead or Alive 4 ( DOA4) is a Fighting game developed by Team Ninja for the Xbox 360 Video game console. (formerly known as Tehkan Ltd) is a Japanese Video game corporation that is best known for the Ninja Gaiden, Dead or Alive Team Ninja is a Video game development studio formerly led by Tomonobu Itagaki which was founded in 1995 Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Bungie is an American Video game developer founded in May 1991 under the name ^[38]

Alternate reality games

Further information: Marketing for Halo 3 and I Love Bees

Alternate reality games were used to promote the release of the games in the main trilogy. I Love Bees (also known as ilovebees or ILB for short was an Alternate reality game (ARG that served as both a real-world An alternate reality game ( ARG) is an interactive Narrative that uses the real world as a platform often involving multiple media and game elements to tell The Cortana Letters, a series of cryptic email messages, were circulated by Bungie prior to Halo: Combat Evolved's release. Cortana is a fictional artificially intelligent (AI character in Bungie 's ''Halo'' video game series. ^[39] I Love Bees, an alternate reality game, was used to promote the release of Halo 2. The game focused on a website created by 42 Entertainment, commissioned by Microsoft and endorsed by Bungie. 42 Entertainment is the Pasadena -based creator of Alternate reality games (ARGs founded by Jordan Weisman, Susan Bonds Joe DiNunzio and others in Over the course of the game, audio clips were released that eventually formed a complete five-hour story set on Earth between Halo and Halo 2. ^[40][41] Similarly, Iris was used as a viral marketing campaign for the release of Halo 3. Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to Marketing techniques that use pre-existing Social networks to produce increases in Brand awareness ^[42] It featured five web servers containing various media files related to the Halo universe.

Music

Main articles: Halo Original Soundtrack, Halo 2 Original Soundtrack, and Halo 3 Original Soundtrack

Four soundtracks, composed by Martin O'Donnell, have been released based on the Halo game series. The Halo Original Soundtrack is a Soundtrack for the Video game Halo Combat Evolved. The Halo 2 Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack for Bungie 's 2004 Video game Halo 2. The Halo 3 Original Soundtrack is the official Soundtrack to Bungie Studios ' First-person shooter Video game Halo 3 Martin "Marty" O'Donnell is an American Composer known for his work on musical pieces for Video games from Bungie Studios such as the The Halo Original Soundtrack contains most of the game's music. The Halo Original Soundtrack is a Soundtrack for the Video game Halo Combat Evolved. Due to the varying nature of gameplay, the music present was designed to use the game's dynamic audio playback engine. The engine allows for the mood, theme, and duration of music played to change according to gameplay. ^[43] To afford a more enjoyable listening experience, O'Donnell rearranged portions of the music of Halo into standalone suites, which follow the narrative course of the game. The soundtrack also contains music not used in the game, including a variation on the Halo theme that was first played at Halo's debut at Macworld 1999. Not to be confused with McWorld, a term for globalisation Macworld is a web site and monthly Computer magazine dedicated ^[44]

For Halo 2's soundtrack, producer Nile Rodgers and O’Donnell decided to split the music into two separate volumes. The Halo 2 Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack for Bungie 's 2004 Video game Halo 2. The first, Volume One, was released on November 9, 2004 and contained all the themes as well as the “inspired-by” music present in the game (featuring Incubus, Hoobastank, and Breaking Benjamin). Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Incubus is a Grammy -nominated Alternative rock band based out of Calabasas, California. Hoobastank is an American Post-grunge band best known for their 2004 hit " The Reason " Breaking Benjamin is an Alternative metal band from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The second release, Volume 2, contained the rest of the music, much of which was incomplete or not included in the first soundtrack, as the first soundtrack was shipped before the game was released;^[45] the second volume was released on April 25, 2006. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Halo 2, unlike its predecessor, was mixed to take full advantage of Dolby 5. 1 Digital Surround Sound. 51, Multichannel audio, Multichannel music Surround 3D Surround 5 ^[46]

The soundtrack for Halo 3 was released on November 20, 2007. The Halo 3 Original Soundtrack is the official Soundtrack to Bungie Studios ' First-person shooter Video game Halo 3 Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. O'Donnell noted he wanted to bring back the themes from the original game in order to help tie together the end of the trilogy. ^[47] The tracks are presented, similarly to the previous soundtrack for Halo 2,^[45] in a suite form. The Halo 2 Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack for Bungie 's 2004 Video game Halo 2. In Music, a suite is an ordered set of Instrumental or Orchestral pieces normally performed in a Concert Unlike previous soundtracks, where much of the music had been synthesized on computer, the soundtrack for Halo 3 was recorded using a 60-piece orchestra, along with a 24-voice chorus^[48] and was recorded by the Northwest Sinfonia at Studio X in Seattle, Washington. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well ^[49]

Development

History

The first Halo game was announced on July 21, 1999, during the Macworld Conference & Expo. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Produced by Boston -based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks held ^[50] It was originally planned to be a real-time strategy game for the Mac and Windows operating systems,^[50][51] but later changed into a third person action game. A real-time strategy ( RTS) Video game is a strategic game that is distinctly not turn-based. Mac OS is the trademarked name for a series of Graphical user interface -based Operating systems developed by Apple Inc Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Grammatical person, in Linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event such as the speaker the Addressee, or others ^[52] On June 19, 2000, Microsoft acquired Bungie Studios and Halo: Combat Evolved became an exclusive title for the Xbox video game console. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer ^[53] After receiving Xbox development kits, Bungie Studios rewrote the game's engine, heavily altered its presentation, and turned it into a first-person shooter. A first-person shooter ( FPS) is an action Video game from the Shooter game The initial development of Maze War ^[54] Though the first Halo was meant to include an online multiplayer mode, it was excluded because Xbox Live was not yet available. ^[55] The success of the game led to a sequel, Halo 2, which was announced on August 8, 2002 at the Microsoft's New York X02 press event. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. X (sometimes called the "X0 events" is an annually held Trade show hosted by Microsoft, showcasing its Xbox - and more recently Games for ^[56] It featured improved graphics, new weapons, and a multiplayer mode on Xbox Live. ^[57][58] Halo 3 was announced at the 2006 Electronic Entertainment Expo. The E3 Media and Business Summit, formerly known as Electronic Entertainment Expo and commonly known as E3, is an annual Trade show for the computer ^[59] The initial conception for the third game was done before Halo 2 was released in 2004. ^[60] It utilized a proprietary, in-house graphics engine,^[61] and employed advanced graphics technologies. A game engine is a software system designed for the creation and development of computer and video games ^[62]

Literary influences

A report published on IGN explored the literary influences present in the franchise, and noted Halo was influenced by The Culture and Ringworld, written by Iain M. Banks and Larry Niven respectively. The Culture is a Fictional anarchist, socialistic, and Utopian ref> The State of the Art - Banks Iain M Iain Menzies Banks (born on 16 February 1954 in Dunfermline, Fife) is a Scottish Writer. Laurence van Cott Niven (born April 30, 1938 Los Angeles California) is a US Science fiction author. It commented on the similarities between characters in Halo and other science fiction series, most notably Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game. Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is a bestselling American Author, Critic, political writer and speaker. Ender's Game (1985 is one of the best-known novels by Orson Scott Card. Aspects of the SPARTAN Project and the design of the Drone species were perceived as reminiscent of the supersoldier program and Buggers found in the novel. The SPARTAN Project is a fictional government project in the ''Halo'' series which produces Supersoldiers The protagonist of the video games Halo Combat The Covenant is a fictional Militaristic and theocratic alliance of alien races who serve as one of the main antagonistic forces of the Halo Other elements of the games such as Master Chief's name "John" have been suggested as originating based on a character named Jon 6725416 in Christopher Rowley's Starhammer. Christopher Rowley is a prolific writer of both Science fiction and Fantasy novels ^[63] A report written by Roger Travis and published by The Escapist compares Halo with the Latin epic Aeneid, written by classical Roman poet Virgil. The Escapist is an Online magazine covering Video games, Gamers, the gaming industry and gaming culture For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Travis posits similarities between the plots of both works and compares the characters present in them; with the Flood and Covenant taking the role performed by the Carthaginians, and Master Chief's role in the series to that of Aeneas. This article is about the Roman hero For other uses see Aeneas (disambiguation. ^[64]

Unreleased games

Spin-off titles were planned for release on handheld systems, but proved to be either rumors or did not progress far in development. Early rumors of a handheld Halo title began in 2004 about a title for the Game Boy Advance. The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. However, Bungie denied the rumors and commented that such a project between Microsoft and Nintendo would be "very unlikely". is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on ^[65] At a Las Vegas consumer technology convention in January 2005, rumors were spread about a version of Halo for the handheld Gizmondo system. The Gizmondo is a handheld gaming console with General Packet Radio Service and Global Positioning System technology which was manufactured by Tiger Telematics Bungie denied the rumors stating they were not making a game for the system. ^[66][67] A former-Gizmondo employee later revealed development only extended to basic story and game structure concepts to obtain funding from investors. ^[68] In January 2007, IGN editor-in-chief Matt Casamassina claimed he played a version of Halo for the Nintendo DS. IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video Matt Casamassina (born December 22, 1975 in California) is a Video game Journalist working for IGN. The is a dual-screen Handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. ^[69] Due to speculation, on October 2, 2007 he demonstrated on-camera, in-game footage of an early-development style version of Halo DS. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[70] The demonstrated work featured dual-wielding and a version of the Halo 2 map Zanzibar. ^[69] On October 5, 2007, Bungie employee Brian Jarrard explained the Halo DS demo was in fact an unsolicited pitch that was never taken on. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[71]

Merchandise

Halo ActionClix pieces

Further information: List of Halo media

The Halo franchise includes various types of merchandise outside of the video games. This is a list of media related to the '''''Halo'' series'''. Currently, this includes five bestselling novels, two series of graphic novels, and other licensed products, from action figures to a packaging tie-in with Mountain Dew. Mountain Dew is a popular drink distributed and manufactured by PepsiCo. Numerous action figures and vehicles based on Halo have been produced. Joyride Studios created Halo and Halo 2 action figures, while Halo 3 figures was produced by McFarlane Toys. McFarlane Toys, a subsidiary of Todd McFarlane Productions Inc Bungie teamed up with WizKids to make Halo ActionClix, a collectible miniatures game. WizKids Inc is an American Seattle -based company that first made its mark in the game industry producing collectible miniatures wargames. Collectible miniatures games or CMGs are a form of Miniature wargaming that is also similar to Collectible card games (CCGs — the primary difference being that while The tabletop game features detailed sculpts of characters with dials that track a unit's health and statistics. ^[72]

Printed adaptations

There have been numerous printed adaptations based on the Halo canon established by the video games. This article is not about Literary canons of influential works of fiction but about the concept of a canon which defines the world of a particular fictional series The series has been adapted repeatedly into novel form, with two more novels planned. Larry Niven (author of Ringworld) was originally approached to write a Halo novelization, but declined due to unfamiliarity with the subject matter. ^[73] The first novel was Halo: The Fall of Reach, a prequel to Halo: Combat Evolved. Halo The Fall of Reach is a 2001 science fiction Novel by Eric Nylund based on the ''Halo'' series of video games and acts as a prequel A prequel is a work that portrays events and/or aspects of a previously completed narrative but is set prior to the existing narrative It was written by Eric Nylund in seven weeks, and published in October 2001. Eric S Nylund (born 1964 in California) is an American Novelist and professional Technical Writer. ^[74] The second novel, titled Halo: The Flood, was written by William C. Dietz and served as an adaptation of Halo: Combat Evolved. Halo The Flood is a 2003 Novel based on the 2001 Xbox video game Halo Combat Evolved written by William C William Corey Dietz (born 1945 is a US Science fiction author who has written 28 novels in the genre some of which have been translated into German, ^[75] Eric Nylund returned to write the third novel, Halo: First Strike, which takes place between Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2. Halo First Strike is the third novel in the ''Halo'' series and the second Halo novel written by Eric Nylund. After being written in sixteen weeks,^[76] it was published in December 2003. ^[77] Nylund also wrote the fourth adaptation, Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, which was published on October 31, 2006. Ghosts of Onyx is a novel by Eric Nylund, set in the universe of the ''Halo'' video game series and released on October 31 2006 Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[78] Bungie employee Joseph Staten wrote the fifth book, Halo: Contact Harvest, which was released on October 30, 2007. Joseph Staten is a bestselling American Writer born in San Francisco California. Halo Contact Harvest is a Science fiction novel by Joseph Staten, set in the ''Halo'' universe. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Bungie considers the Halo novels as additions to the Halo canon. ^[79]

The Halo universe was first adapted into the graphic novel format in 2006 with the release of the Halo Graphic Novel, a collection of four short stories. Halo Graphic Novel is a Graphic novel published by Marvel Comics in partnership with Bungie Studios. The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such ^[80] It was written and illustrated by graphic novelists Lee Hammock, Jay Faerber, Tsutomu Nihei, Brett Lewis, Simon Bisley, Ed Lee and Jean Giraud. Jay Faerber is an American Comic book writer Biography Faerber known for his work on Generation X and New Warriors is a Japanese Manga artist His Cyberpunk -influenced artwork has gained a strong cult following Simon Bisley (born March 4 1962) is a British Comic book artist best known for his 1990s work on ABC Warriors, Lobo Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (born May 8, 1938) is a French comics artist. At the 2007 New York Comic Con, Marvel Comics announced they would be working on an ongoing Halo series with Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev. The New York Comic Con held annually in New York City is a convention dedicated to comics graphic novels anime manga video games toys movies and television Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc Brian Michael Bendis (born 1967 is an American Comic book writer and erstwhile artist Alex Maleev is a Comic book illustrator of Bulgarian descent best known for the Marvel Comics ' series Daredevil Vol The first part of the series, titled Halo: Uprising, bridges the gap between the events of Halo 2 and Halo 3. Halo Uprising is a four-issue American comic book Limited series set in the Halo universe ^[9]

Film adaptation

In 2005, a script for a film adaptation of Halo was written by Alex Garland^[81]—which D.B. Weiss and Josh Olson rewrote during 2006^[82][83]—for a 2008 release. Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work to a Feature film. Alex Garland (born 1970 is a British Novelist and screenwriter DB Weiss is an American-born author whose debut novel Lucky Wander Boy was themed around video games and has since been linked with the screen adaptations of various Josh Olson is an American screenwriter and director In 2006 he was nominated for the British Academy Award the Writer's Guild Award the USC Scriptor award and the Academy Award for The movie was to be developed and released by Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox, under the creative oversight of Microsoft. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American ^[84] Peter Jackson was slated to be the executive producer,^[85] with Neill Blomkamp as director. Motion Pictures An executive producer of a Motion picture is typically a producer who is sometimes involved in creative or technical aspects of production Neill Blomkamp is a South African born Vancouver BC -based director of Short films and advertisements The crew has stopped and resumed preproduction of the film several times;^[86] while Blomkamp has declared the project dead,^[87] Jackson says the film will still be made. ^[88] Blomkamp commented the Master Chief worked from a video gamer's perspective, but dramatically does not hold much weight because of his faceless nature. The character as depicted in the film would have been "the most important supporting cast member". Instead, "other characters around him [. . . ] did most of the emotional heavy lifting", with their story exploring their perception of the Master Chief. ^[89]

Reception

Launch events such as this one in New York City were held the night of Halo 3's release. The City of New York

The Halo franchise has been highly successful commercially. During the two months following Halo: Combat Evolved's release, it sold alongside more than fifty percent of Xbox consoles. ^[90] By April 8, 2002, it had sold a million units. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[91] Halo 2's sales generated US$125 million on its première day, making it the fastest selling United States media product in history. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[92][93] As of May 9, 2006, 8 million units of the game have been sold worldwide. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[94][95] Prior to the release of Halo 3, the first two games of the trilogy had sold a combined 14. 8 million copies. ^[96] GameSpot reported 4. GameSpot is a video gaming Website that provides News, Reviews Previews Downloads and other information 2 million units of Halo 3 were in retail outlets on September 24, 2007, a day before official release^[97]—a world record volume release. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[98] Halo 3 broke the previous record for the highest grossing opening day in entertainment history, making US$170 million in its first twenty-four hours. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[98][99] Worldwide, sales exceeded US$300 million the first week, helping to more than double the sales of the Xbox 360 when compared with the weekly average before the Halo 3 launch. ^[8][96] At the end of 2007, Halo 2 and Halo: Combat Evolved were the number one and two best-selling Xbox titles, respectively, and Halo 3 was the best-selling Xbox 360 title. ^[100] Likewise, the Halo novels have appeared on Publisher Weekly's bestseller charts, and the Halo Graphic Novel sold more than 100,000 copies,^[101] a "rare hit" for the games-to-comics genre. Publishers Weekly, aka PW, is an American weekly trade News magazine targeted at Publishers Librarians ^[101] The Halo novels became Publishers Weekly bestsellers,^[75][76] and Ghosts of Onyx and Contact Harvest appeared on The New York Times bestseller lists as well. Publishers Weekly, aka PW, is an American weekly trade News magazine targeted at Publishers Librarians ^[102][103]

Critical response

Overall, the Halo series has been well received by critics. Metacritic is a Website that collates reviews of music Albums games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and Books. Game Rankings is a Website which keeps track of Video game reviews from other sites and combines them to present an average rating for each game Halo Combat Evolved (commonly known as Halo or Halo 1) is a First-person shooter (FPS Video game developed Halo 2 is a Science fiction First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie Studios. Halo 3 is a First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie exclusively for the Xbox 360. Halo: Combat Evolved has received numerous Game of the Year awards. Game of the Year (abbreviated GotY or GOTY) is a distinction awarded by various Magazines and Websites to a deserving PC or console ^[110][111] IGN listed it as the top Xbox game of all time and was ranked the fourteenth best game ever on "IGN Readers' Choice 2006 - The Top 100 Games Ever". IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video ^[112][113] Conversely, GameSpy ranked Halo: Combat Evolved tenth on its list of "Top 25 Most Overrated Games of All Time", citing repetitive level design and the lack of an online multiplayer mode. GameSpy, also known as GameSpy Industries, is a division of IGN Entertainment, which operates a network of game websites and provides online video game-related ^[114] Halo 2 also received numerous awards. ^[115] IGN listed it as the number two top Xbox game of all time. ^[112] After its initial release, it was the most popular video game on Xbox Live. ^[116] Halo 3 was nominated for and won multiple awards. It won Time magazine's "Game of the Year" and IGN chose it as the Best Xbox 360 Online Multiplayer Game and Innovative Design of 2007. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and ^{[117][118][119]} Most publications called the multiplayer aspect one of the best features; IGN said the multiplayer map lineup was the strongest of the series,^[120] and GameSpy added the multiplayer offering will greatly please Halo veterans. ^[121] Complaints focused on the game's plot. The New York Times said the game had a "throwaway" plot and Total Video Games judged the single-player aspect ultimately disappointing. ^[122][123] The series' music and audio has received enthusiastic response from game reviewers. ^{[121][124][125]}

Cultural impact

In an issue of The Escapist, author Roger Travis compared Halo's story to Virgil's Aeneid, saying the religious and political struggle described in the games relates to the modern epic tradition. ^[64] The game, particularly its protagonist, have been declared iconic, and a symbol of today's videogames; a wax replica of the Master Chief was made by Madame Tussauds in Las Vegas, where Pete Wentz declared the franchise and its characters were "as much of a hero today as characters like Spider-Man, Frodo, and Luke Skywalker were for previous generations". The Las Vegas Strip (also known as The Strip) is an approximately 4 mile (6 Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III (born June 5, 1979) is an American Musician and Songwriter, most famous for his work with the Spider-Man is a Fictional character appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Luke Skywalker is the main protagonist of the Star Wars universe portrayed by Mark Hamill in the films Star Wars Episode IV ^[126]

GamesTM stated Halo: Combat Evolved "changed videogame combat forever", and Halo 2 showcased Xbox Live as a tool for communities. gamesTM is a UK -based multi-format Computer and video games magazine covering many Video game platforms including PlayStation 3 ^[11] GameDaily noted Halo 2's launch is "easily comparable to the biggest in other sectors of the entertainment industry", marking the first time a video game launch has become a major cultural event in America. ^[127] Time magazine included the game franchise in the "2005 Time 100", highlighting that in the first ten weeks after the release of Halo 2, players spent 91 million combined hours playing the game online. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and ^[128] A report published by The New York Times noted the success of Halo 3 was critical for Microsoft, persuading consumers to buy the Xbox 360 console which was experiencing waning sales compared with the Nintendo Wii, as well as helping restore the console's image. On September 25, 2007, the day before the release of Halo 3, Microsoft's shares rose 1. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 7 % based on sales expectations for the game. ^[129] Halo has been described as a series that "has reinvented a genre that didn't know it needed to be reinvented", with aspects of the games being duplicated in other FPS games multiple times. ^[130]

Machinima

As a highly popular video game series with a large and active fan base, the Halo games have given rise to a wide array of video productions in an emerging entertainment medium, machinima. Machinima (məˈʃiːnəmə or /məˈʃɪnəmə/ ^[131] Virtually all machinima footage is taken from the multiplayer modes of Halo, Halo 2 and Halo 3. Most productions are set outside Halo canon, while others are based on fan fiction closely relating to the official story. This article is not about Literary canons of influential works of fiction but about the concept of a canon which defines the world of a particular fictional series Fan fiction (alternately referred to as fanfiction, fanfic, FF or fic) is a broadly defined term for Fiction about characters or settings Halo 3 includes a saved film function that allows camera angles not possible in previous games, and other features that simplify production. Halo 3 is a First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie exclusively for the Xbox 360.

A notable machinima production is the comedy series Red vs. Blue: The Blood Gulch Chronicles, a parody of the Halo universe, created by Rooster Teeth Productions. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Red vs Blue The Blood Gulch Chronicles, often abbreviated as RvB, is a Machinima Comic science fiction video series created Rooster Teeth Productions is an award-winning production group from Buda Texas that specializes in the creation of Machinima, or films created using real-time interactive It has achieved an unparalleled level of success in Halo machinima in specific, and machinima in general; it is largely credited with bringing attention to the genre. ^[98][132] Red vs. Blue generated annual revenues of US$200,000, and special promotional episodes were commissioned by Bungie. ^[98] The series ended on June 28, 2007, after 100 regular episodes and numerous promotional videos. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[133] Other machinima series include Fire Team Charlie, The Codex, and the in-game interview show This Spartan Life. Fire Team Charlie is a Machinima series created by Fire Team Charlie Productions part of a group called Xbox Ottawa The Codex is a 20-episode online Machinima series made by Edgeworks Entertainment and set in Bungie Studios ' Halo video This Spartan Life is an award-winning Talk show created by Bong + Dern Productions and produced and directed by Chris Burke who hosts the show under the Pseudonym

Notes and references

External links

• Bungie Studios