The native form of this personal name is Dózsa György. A personal name is the Proper name identifying an individual Person. This article uses the Western name order. A personal name is the Proper name identifying an individual Person.

Dózsa, by Gyula Derkovits

György Dózsa (or, in some sources, György Székely; Romanian: Gheorghe Doja; (* Dálnok, 1470 † July 20, 1514) was a Székely man-at-arms (by some accounts a nobleman) from Transylvania who led a peasants' revolt against the Hungarian landed nobility. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold For the village in northeastern Hungary see Székely (village The Székely ( pronounced) or Szekler people (Székely Man-at-arms (also called armsman or coistrel) was a medieval term for a Soldier, almost always a professional This article deals with Titles of the Nobility and royalty in the Kingdom of Hungary. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Popular revolts in late medieval Europe were uprisings and Rebellions by (typically Peasants in the countryside or the Bourgeois in towns against The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Landed nobility is a category of Nobility in various countries over the history for which Landownership was part of their noble privileges He was eventually caught, tortured, and executed along with his followers, and remembered as both a Christian martyr and a dangerous criminal. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom

Outbreak of the rebellion

Dózsa was a soldier of fortune who won a reputation for valour in the wars against the Ottoman Empire. A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Hungarian chancellor, Tamás Bakócz, on his return from the Holy See in 1514 (with a papal bull issued by Leo X authorising a crusade against the Ottomans), appointed Dózsa to organize and direct the movement. Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen Tamás Bakócz (1442 – June 15, 1521) Hungarian archbishop cardinal and statesman The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Within a few weeks he had gathered an army of some 100,000 so-called Kurucok (derived from Cruciati), consisting for the most part of peasants, wandering students, friars, and parish priests - some of the lowest-ranking groups of medieval society. The kuruc ( Hungarian: kuruczok/kurucok ''kuruc(z'' Slovak: kuruci ''kuruc'' was a term used to denote the armed anti- Habsburg A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half This article is about Western European institutions See also Medieval university (Asia and Byzantine university Medieval university A Friar is a member of one of the Mendicant orders. Friars and monks Friars differ from Monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches They assembled in their counties, and by the time Dózsa had provided them with some military training, they began to air the grievances of their status. The following lists show the administrative divisions of the lands belonging to the Hungarian crown (1000 -1918 at selected points of time

No measures had been taken to supply these voluntary crusaders with food or clothing; as harvest-time approached, the landlords commanded them to return to reap the fields, and, on their refusing to do so, proceeded to maltreat their wives and families and set their armed retainers upon the local peasantry. Landlord is the owner of a House, Apartment, Condominium, or Real estate which is rented or Leased to an individual or business A retinue is a body of persons "retained" in the service of a noble or royal personage a suite (literal French meanings what follows of " Instantly, the movement was diverted from its original object, and the peasants and their leaders began a war of vengeance against the landlords.

Successes

By this time, Dózsa was losing control of the people under his command, which had fallen under the influence of the parson of Cegléd, Lőrinc Mészáros. Cegléd is a town in Pest county, Hungary, approximately southeast of the Hungarian capital Budapest. The rebellion became more dangerous when the towns joined on the side of the peasants, and in Buda and other places the cavalry sent against the Kurucok were unhorsed as they passed through the gates. Buda ( German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak / Czech: Budín, Serbian: Будим or The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on The rebellion spread quickly, principally in the central or purely Magyar provinces, where hundreds of manor houses and castles were burnt and thousands of the gentry killed by impalement, crucifixion, and other methods. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. A manor house or fortified manor-house is a Country house, which has historically formed the administrative centre of a manor (see Manorialism A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Gentry generally refers to people of high Social class, especially in the past Dózsa's camp at Cegléd was the centre of the Jacquerie, as all raids in the surrounding area had it as their starting point. The Jacquerie was a Popular revolt in late medieval Europe by peasants that took place in northern France in 1358, during the Hundred Years' War

In reaction, the papal bull was revoked, and King Vladislaus II issued a proclamation commanding the peasantry to return to their homes under pain of death. This is a list of all rulers of Hungary since Árpád See Heads of state of Hungary for a list of post-1918 presidents By this time the rising had attained the dimensions of a revolution; all the vassals of the kingdom were called out against it, and soldiers of fortune were hired in haste from the Republic of Venice, Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire. A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Meanwhile, Dózsa had captured the city and fortress of Csanád, and signalized his victory by impaling the bishop and the castellan. Csanád is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Impalement is a term that refers to situations in which objects are driven through the body causing deep stabbing wounds A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight A castellan was the Governor or caretaker of a Castle or Keep.

Dózsa's execution (contemporary woodcut)

Subsequently, at Arad, Lord Treasurer István Telegdy was seized and tortured to death. Arad (pronunciation in Romanian: /a'rad/ Hungarian: Arad; Serbian: Арад Arad) is the capital city of Arad County In general, however, the rebels only executed particularly vicious or greedy noblemen; those who freely submitted were released on parole. Parole may have different meanings depending on the field and judiciary system Dózsa not only never broke his given word, but frequently assisted the escape of fugitives. He was unable to consistently control his followers, however, and many of them hunted down rivals. At first, it also seemed as if the powers in the Kingdom were incapable of coping with him.

Downfall, execution, and legacy

In the course of the summer he took the fortresses of Arad, Lippa and Világos, and provided himself with cannons and trained gunners; and one of his bands advanced to within 25 kilometers of the capital. Şiria ( German: Hellburg, Hungarian: Világos) is a village with 8140 inhabitants in 2002 in Arad County, Romania | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural But his ill-armed ploughmen were overmatched by the heavy cavalry of the nobles. Heavy cavalry is the late 19th century Misnomer for Cavalry troops that from the late 17th to late 19th centuries usually wore armour and were mounted on largest Dózsa himself had apparently become demoralized by success: after Csanád (now Cenad), he issued proclamations which can be described as millenarian. Cenad (Csanád is a rural municipality in Timiş County, Banat, western Romania. Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious social or political group or movement in a coming major transformation

As his suppression had become a political necessity, he was routed at Timişoara (Temesvár) by the combined forces of John Zápolya and István Báthory. Timişoara (pronunciation in Romanian: {{IPA|/timiˈʃo̯ara/}}; Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeschburg, Temeswar This article is about the János Szapolyai For his son see John Zápolya II. Stephen VIII Báthory ( Báthory István) (1477 &ndash 1534 was a Hungarian noble. He was captured after the battle, and condemned to sit on a heated iron throne with a heated iron crown on his head and a heated sceptre in his hand (mocking at his ambition to be king). While Dózsa was suffering, he was set upon and eaten by six of his fellow rebels, who had been starved beforehand.

Today, on the site of the martyrdom of the hot throne, there is the statue of The Virgin Mary, built by architect László Székely and sculptor György Kiss. This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary According to the legend, during György Dózsa's torture, some monks saw in his ear the image of Mary. The first statue was raised in 1865, with the actual monument raised in 1906. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting A square, a road and a metro station in Budapest (Dózsa György út) bear his name, and it is one of the most popular street names in Hungarian villages (alongside Sándor Petőfi's and Lajos Kossuth's). This is a list of the stations of Budapest Metro, operating in Budapest, Hungary, with the dates of opening (and closure) Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Dózsa György út ( Dózsa György Street) is a station on the M3 (North-South line of the Budapest Metro. A street name or odonym is an identifying name given to a Street. Sándor Petőfi (born January 1 1823, Kiskőrös, (slov Malý Kereš) Hungary – died most likely July 31 1849 Lajos Kossuth (ˈlɒjoʃ ˈkoʃut Monok, September 19 1802 &ndash Turin, March 20 1894 was a Hungarian lawyer politician and Regent-President Many cities in Romania have a Gheorghe Doja street, as his revolutionary image and Transylvanian background have been heavily used by the country's communist regime.

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone