Guildford
Guildford High Street
Guildford shown within Surrey
Population	66,773[1]
OS grid reference	SU9949
District	Guildford
Shire county	Surrey
Region	South East
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	GUILDFORD
Postcode district	GU1-4
Dialling code	01483
Police	Surrey
Fire	Surrey
Ambulance	South East Coast
European Parliament	South East England
UK Parliament	Guildford
List of places: UK • England • Surrey

Coordinates: 51°14′07″N 0°34′29″W / 51.2354, -0.5746

Guildford (pronunciation (help·info); IPA /ˈgɪlfəd/) is the county town of Surrey,^[2] England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford and the administrative headquarters of the South East England region. A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. It is situated some 50 km (31 miles) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road linking the capital to Portsmouth. The A3, known as the Portsmouth Road for much of its length is a Trunk road in Southern England, connecting London to Portsmouth A trunk road, trunk highway, or strategic road is a major Road &mdashusually connecting two or more cities, Ports Airports History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which

The town has Saxon roots, ^[3] and likely owes its location to the existence of a gap in the North Downs where the River Wey is forded by the Harrow Way. The North Downs are a ridge of Chalk hills in south east England that stretch for 120 miles (190 km from Farnham in Surrey to the White The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled The Harrow Way (also spelled as Harroway) forms the western part of the Old Way, an Ancient trackway in the south of England dating from the Neolithic The town grew enough in importance by 978 to be the Royal Mint. The Royal Mint is the body permitted to manufacture or mint, coins in the United Kingdom. With the building of the Wey Navigation and Basingstoke Canal Guildford was in the centre of a network of waterways that aided its prosperity. The Wey and Godalming Navigations is the name given to the Navigable parts of the River Wey, in Surrey, UK. The Basingstoke Canal is a British Canal, built to connect Basingstoke with the River Thames at Weybridge via the Wey Navigation.

The Guildford pub bombing in 1974 killed five people including four off-duty soldiers from the local barracks. The Guildford pub bombings occurred on 5 October, 1974. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA planted bombs in the Horse and Groom pub ^[4] The subsequently arrested suspects became known as the Guildford Four. The Guildford Four and the Maguire Seven were two sets of people wrongfully convicted by British authorities of bombings carried out by the Provisional Irish

History

It is believed that Guildford was founded by Saxon settlers shortly after Roman authority had been removed from Britain (which was c. The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial 410AD). Events By place Western Roman Empire Alaric I deposes Priscus Attalus as Emperor. The site was likely chosen because the Harrow Way (an ancient trackway that continues along Hog's Back) crosses the River Wey at this point, via a ford. The Harrow Way (also spelled as Harroway) forms the western part of the Old Way, an Ancient trackway in the south of England dating from the Neolithic Ancient trackway can refer to any track or trail whose origin is lost in antiquity The Hog's Back is the name given to that part of the North Downs in Surrey, England between Farnham Surrey in the west and Guildford The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled This probably gives rise to the second half of Guildford's name. The root of the first part is gold rather than society or meeting place. It has been suggested that the gold may refer to golden flowers by the ford, or the golden sand, but this is not certain.

In Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, Guildford is identified with Astolat of Arthurian renown. Sir Thomas Malory (c 1405 – 14 March 1471 was an English writer the author or compiler of Le Morte d'Arthur. Le Morte d'Arthur (spelled Le Morte Darthur in the first printing and also in some modern editions Middle French for la mort d'Arthur Astolat is a legendary city of Great Britain named in Arthurian legends King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders ^[5] Guildford's model railway club, the Astolat Model Railway Circle,^[6] and a local pub, the Astolat,^[7] are just a couple of the modern day reminders of the legend to be found in the town.

From 978 Guildford was the location of the Royal Mint. The Royal Mint is the body permitted to manufacture or mint, coins in the United Kingdom. ^[5]

Alfred Atheling, son of King Ethelred II, had been living in Normandy in France during the Danish invasion of Saxon England. Alfred Atheling or Aetheling was the son of Aethelred II. He was a brother of Edward the Confessor. Ethelred II ( c. 968 – 23 April 1016 also known as Æthelred II, Aethelred II, Ethelred the Unready, Æthelred the Unready Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. After Canute died, around 1040, Alfred returned to England, where he was met and entertained in Guildford by the Earl Godwine. } Canute the Great, also known as Cnut in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, or Knut ( Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki, Norwegian Godwine handed him to Harold Harefoot's men, who blinded and mutilated him to the extent that he died not long after. Harold Harefoot (c 1015&ndash17 March 1040 was King of England from 1035 to 1040

Guildford Castle

Guildford castle may date back to Saxon times, if not much earlier. Its situation overlooks the pass through the hills taken by the Pilgrims' Way, and also, presumably, once overlooked the ancient ford across the Wey, thus giving a key point of military control of this important East-West route way across the country; just as Windsor castle and the Tower of London once guarded the Thames. "Pilgrim's Way" is also the US title of Memory Hold-the-Door by John Buchan The Pilgrims' Way (also Pilgrim's Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London

Guildford appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Geldeford and Gildeford. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey It was held by William the Conqueror. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Its domesday assets were: a town; the king held 75 hagæ (houses enclosed in fences'). It rendered £32. Stoke, a suburb within today's Guildford, appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Stoch. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey It was held by William the Conqueror. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Its domesday assets were: 1 church, 2 mills worth 5s, 22 ploughs, 16 acres of meadow, woodland worth 40 hogs. A grinding mill is a Unit operation designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces The plough ( American spelling plow; both plaʊ is a Tool used in Farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed A meadow is a field vegetated primarily by Grass and other non- Woody plants. Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times It was in the King's park. It rendered £15. ^[8]

William the Conqueror himself used The Pilgrims' Way when he sacked the countryside, including Guildford, after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages The Battle of Hastings was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England. He then had the castle built, or maybe rebuilt, in the classic Norman style, the keep of which still stands. For other buildings in Normandy see Architecture of Normandy. There can be no doubt that another major purpose of Norman castle building was to overawe the conquered population and at Guildford this also was the case. As the threat of invasion and insurrection declined the castle's status was demoted to that of a Royal hunting lodge as Guildford was, at that time, at the edge of Windsor Great Park. Windsor Great Park (locally referred to simply as the Great Park) is a large Deer Park of 5000 acres to the south of the town of Windsor It was visited on several occasions by King John and King Henry III. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 ^[5] The surviving parts of the castle were restored in Victorian times and then in 2004; the rest of the grounds are a pleasant public garden. ^[9][10]

In 1995, a chamber was discovered in the High Street, which is considered to be the remains of a 12th century synagogue. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of While this remains a matter of contention, it is likely to be the oldest remaining synagogue in Western Europe.

Guildford elected two members to the Unreformed House of Commons. The unreformed House of Commons is the name generally given to the British House of Commons as it existed before the Reform Act of 1832. From the 14th century to the 18th century, it prospered with the wool trade.

In the 1300s the Guild Hall was constructed and still stands today as a noticeable landmark of Guildford. The north end was extended in 1589 and the Council Chamber was added in 1683. It was in 1683 when the elegant projecting clock was made for the front of the building and can be seen throughout the High Street.

In 1598, a court case referred to a sport called kreckett being played at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford around 1550. See Royal Grammar School for the other schools with the name RGS The Oxford English Dictionary gives this as the first recorded instance of cricket in the English language. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

The Hospital of the Holy Trinity still has a charitable role

In 1619 George Abbot founded the Hospital of the Holy Trinity,^[5] now commonly known as Abbot's Hospital,^[11] one of the finest sets of almshouses in the country. Almshouses are charitable Housing provided to enable people (typically elderly people who can no longer work to earn enough to pay It is sited at the top end of the High Street, opposite Holy Trinity church. The brick-built, three-storey entrance tower faces the church; a grand stone archway leads into the courtyard. On each corner of the tower there is an octagonal turret rising an extra floor, with lead ogee domes. Ogee is a shape consisting of a concave arc flowing into a convex arc so forming an S-shaped curve with vertical ends ^[11]

The River Wey in Guildford is canalised into the Wey Navigation

One of the greatest boosts to Guildford’s prosperity came in 1653 with the completion, after many wrangles, of the Wey Navigation. The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford The Wey and Godalming Navigations is the name given to the Navigable parts of the River Wey, in Surrey, UK. The Wey and Godalming Navigations is the name given to the Navigable parts of the River Wey, in Surrey, UK. This made it possible for Guildford businesses to access the Thames at Weybridge by boat and predated the major canal building program in Britain by more than a century. In 1764 the navigation was extended as far as Godalming and in 1816 to the sea at Arundel via the Wey and Arun Junction Canal and the Arun Navigation. Godalming is a town in the Waverley district of the county of Surrey, England, seven kilometres (four miles south of Guildford. What is now known as the Wey and Arun Canal runs 23 miles (37 km through 26 locks from the River Wey at Shalford Surrey to the River Arun The Basingstoke Canal also was built to connect with the Wey navigation, putting Guildford in the centre of a network of waterways. The Basingstoke Canal is a British Canal, built to connect Basingstoke with the River Thames at Weybridge via the Wey Navigation. Although the Wey was never made navigable as far as Farnham, that town also benefited greatly from the existing navigation, being able to transport produce to and from Guildford via the Pilgrims' Way. Farnham is a Town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. "Pilgrim's Way" is also the US title of Memory Hold-the-Door by John Buchan The Pilgrims' Way (also Pilgrim's

In the years from 1820 to 1865 Guildford was the scene of severe outbursts of semi-organised lawlessness commonly known as the “Guy Riots” The Guys would mass on the edge of the town from daybreak on November the fifth, wearing masks or bizarre disguises and armed with clubs and lighted torches. With the onset of nightfall, or maybe before, they would enter the town and avenge themselves on those who had crossed them in the preceding year by committing assaults and damaging property; often looting the belongings of victims from their houses and burning them on bonfires in the middle of the street. In later years attempts to suppress the Guys led to the deaths of two police officers. In 1866 and 68 the Guys were dispersed by cavalry and this seems to have brought an end to the riots. Similar disorder surrounding the St Catherine’s Hill Fair, held just outside the town on the Pilgrims' Way, was suppressed around the same time. ^{[12] [13]}

The diocese of Guildford was created in 1927, and Guildford Cathedral was consecrated in 1961. The Diocese of Guildford is a Church of England Diocese based in Guildford, covering the most of Surrey and part of Hampshire The Cathedral Church of the Holy Spirit Guildford is the Anglican cathedral at Guildford, Surrey, England. Previously, Guildford had been part of the diocese of Winchester. The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury of the Church of England.

During World War II, the Borough Council built 18 communal air raid shelters. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including For the general article about fortified structures see Bunker. ^[14] One of these shelters, known as the Foxenden Quarry deep shelter, was built into the side of a disused chalk quarry. Taking a year to build, it comprised two main tunnels with interconnecting tunnels for the sleeping bunks. It could accommodate 1000 people and provided sanitation and first aid facilities. Having been sealed since decommissioning in 1944, it has survived fairly intact. ^[14][15][16] The quarry itself is now the site of the York Road car park, but the shelter is preserved and open once a year to the public.

On October 5, 1974, bombs planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army went off in two Guildford pubs, killing four off-duty soldiers and a civilian. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the The Guildford pub bombings occurred on 5 October, 1974. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA planted bombs in the Horse and Groom pub A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. The pubs were targeted because soldiers from barracks near Guildford were known to frequent them. ^[17] The subsequently arrested suspects, who became known as the Guildford Four, were convicted and sentenced to long prison sentences in October 1975. The Guildford Four and the Maguire Seven were two sets of people wrongfully convicted by British authorities of bombings carried out by the Provisional Irish They claimed to have been tortured by the police and denied involvement in the bombing. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally In 1989, after a long legal battle, their convictions were overturned and they were released. ^[18]

In the summer of 2007, a farm near the local village of Normandy, Surrey was the centre of a foot and mouth disease crisis amongst livestock. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Normandy is a village and parish in Surrey, England. It lies close to the western end of that county close to the border with Hampshire and just north Foot-and-mouth disease ( FMD) or hoof-and-mouth disease ( Aphtae epizooticae) is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral An outbreak of Foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom was confirmed by the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA on 3 August A major operation occurred to prevent the spread of the highly contagious disease. ^[19]

Geography

The statue of Archbishop George Abbot stands at the top of Guildford High Street

The Friary Centre lies on the site of an old friary

In the 21st Century Guildford is a bustling English town, with an attractive High Street made of granite setts (frequently referred to as cobbled), numerous shops and department stores. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. There is a Tourist Information Office^[20] and several hotels including the historic Angel Hotel which long served as a coaching stop on the main London to Portsmouth stagecoach route. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which For other meanings see Stagecoach (disambiguation. A stagecoach (also called diligence) is a type of four-wheeled enclosed ^[21] According to Channel Four Television's "The Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK" TV show Guildford was the 9th best place to live in Britain in 2006^[22] but slipped to 12th position in 2007, largely due to the pollution produced by the numerous cars found on the roads^[23]. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Guildford is the most attractive and safe shopping destination in the UK, according to the Eve Prime Retail Survey 2004^[24] and ranked 27th in the country overall^[25].

There is a small museum in the town centre and the University of Surrey is situated to the north-west of the town centre, about ten minutes' walk from Guildford main line railway station. Guildford Museum is a museum in Guildford, England on Quarry Street The University of Surrey is a University located within the county town of Guildford, Surrey in the South East of England Guildford railway station serves the town of Guildford in Surrey, England. Guildford Cathedral is adjacent to the university's main campus and the Royal Surrey County Hospital is nearby. The Cathedral Church of the Holy Spirit Guildford is the Anglican cathedral at Guildford, Surrey, England. The Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH is a 520-bedded District General Hospital, located on the fringe of Guildford, serving a population of 260000 for general services and

Guildford has the most visited Art Gallery in Surrey, Guildford House Gallery, with over 120,000 visitors per annum. ^[26] The Gallery is situated in the High Street, in a 17th century Grade I Listed Town House and is run by Guildford Borough. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance It is open Tuesdays to Saturdays and admission is free. Its own art collection includes works of Guildford and the surrounding area, and work by Guildford Artists, most notably John Russell R.A. John Russell ( March 29, 1745 – April 20, 1806) was an English painter renowned for his Portrait work

The town's principal commercial theatre is the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre which often shows productions before (and after) they have spent time in London's West End. The Yvonne Arnaud Theatre in Guildford, Surrey is a Theatre presenting in-house Productions which often tour and transfer into the West The Electric Theatre opened in 1997 to host performances by musicians and amateur drama groups. ^[27] Guildford also has an Odeon cinema multiplex, which is as of June 2007 the only cinema in the world showing digital 4K films to the public ^[28]. Odeon Cinemas is the largest chain of cinemas in Europe It is owned by Terra Firma Capital Partners. Digital cinema refers to the use of Digital technology to distribute and project Motion pictures The final movie can be distributed via The Guildford Odeon's former site, now modern apartments, was located near the town's St. Luke's Hospital and the Guildford Civic Hall opposite a parade of shops and businesses. The current Odeon was built on the site of the former Guildford Leisure Centre which was superseded by the Spectrum in 1993.

A wide variety of cuisines are available in the many restaurants in Guildford. Additionally, there are numerous pubs and bars and several nightclubs.

Stoke Park is the venue for both the Guilfest music festival during the summer and the Surrey County Show (agricultural and general) on the last bank holiday Monday in May. Stoke Park is a large park situated close to the town centre of Guildford, Surrey, England. GuilFest, formerly the Guildford Festival of Folk and Blues is a Music Festival held in Stoke Park, Guildford, England Previous to 2007, the Ambient Picnic was held in Shalford Park, by the River Wey. The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford ^[29][30]

It is also home to several local radio stations including 96.4 The Eagle, County Sound Radio 1566 AM, GU2 Radio, and BBC Southern Counties Radio. County Sound Radio is a commercial radio station covering Surrey and North East Hampshire. GU2 is the radio station run by the students of the University of Surrey in the city of Guildford, Surrey, England which broadcasts on 1350 AM

It is a market town with the market being held on Fridays and Saturdays. Market town or market right is a legal term originating in the Medieval period for a European settlement that has the right to hold Markets Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information A farmers' market is usually held on the first Tuesday of each month. Farmers' markets, sometimes called greenmarkets, are Markets usually held out-of-doors in public spaces where Farmers can sell produce

Sport

Guildford's Spectrum Leisure Centre, in Stoke Park, is a national prizewinning^[31][32] sports centre that includes a variety of pools (for leisure and for serious swimming),^[33] Ten-pin bowling,^[34] a small inflatable Laser tag^[35] (with a similar facility in the town centre^[36]), an ice rink^[37] and an athletics track, as well as general halls used for indoor sports including gymnastics and trampolining. Guildford Spectrum is a leisure complex in Guildford, Surrey, England. Stoke Park is a large park situated close to the town centre of Guildford, Surrey, England. Ten-pin bowling is a competitive Sport in which a player (the “bowler” rolls a Bowling ball down a wooden or synthetic ( Polyurethane Laser tag is a team or individual Sport where players attempt to score points by engaging targets typically with a hand-held Infrared -emitting targeting device Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Trampolining is a competitive Sport in which Gymnasts perform Acrobatics while bouncing on a Trampoline. The Spectrum is home to several local sports teams, including the Guildford Flames^[38] of the English Premier Ice Hockey League, Guildford City of the Combined Counties Football League, Guildford International of the National Volleyball League and Guildford Heat of the British Basketball League who are the current League champions and holders of the BBL Cup. The Guildford Flames are an Ice hockey team based in Guildford, Surrey. The English Premier Ice Hockey League commonly abbreviated to EPIHL is a senior Ice Hockey league in England, and is run and administered by the English Guildford City Football Club (formerly Guildford United and A History The league's history can be traced back to 1978 when the Surrey Senior League underwent a metamorphosis in order to try to attract clubs from outside the county The Guildford Heat are a Basketball club based in Guildford, England that currently play in the British Basketball League.

Guildford Cricket Club play their home matches at the Woodbridge Road ground. The Sports Ground Woodbridge Road is a Cricket ground in Guildford, Surrey. Surrey County Cricket Club also play one or two matches a season there. Surrey County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket structure representing the historic county of The town is home to two-time BCAFL Southern Conference, Southern Division Champions, and the Surrey Stingers American Football team. The British Collegiate American Football League ( BCAFL) was an American football league consisting of players from various colleges and universities in the American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Charlotteville Cycling Club is based in Guildford and named after one of the areas of the town. Charlotteville Cycling Club is a cycling club based in Guildford, in the South of England They promote the Guildford Town Centre Cycle Races that take place on the cobbled high street each July. There is also a martial arts and fitness centre, AJIMA located on Cabell Road in Park Barn. The Park Barn Estate is a housing estate in Guildford, Surrey, England.

Education

Primary and secondary

The Royal Grammar School is towards the east end of the High Street

Probably the best-known school in the town is the Royal Grammar School, Guildford. See Royal Grammar School for the other schools with the name RGS The 'old school' building which was constructed over the turn of the Tudor and Elizabethan periods and houses a chained library, lies towards the top of the High Street. Social and economic revolution Following the Black Death Plagues and the agricultural depression of the late 14th century population growth Romance and reality The Victorian era and the early twentieth century idealised the Elizabethan era A chained library is a Library where the books are attached to their Bookcase by a chain which is sufficiently long to allow the books to be taken from their shelves The feeder school for the Royal Grammar School is Lanesborough Preparatory School which is the choir school for Guildford Cathedral. Lanesborough School is an independent junior preparatory school in Guildford, Surrey.

Other schools in the town include St Peter's School, Guildford County School, George Abbot, Christ's College, Guildford High School, King's College, Queen Eleanor's C of E Junior School, Bushy Hill Junior School, Northmead Junior, Rydes Hill Preparatory School, Tormead School, Worplesdon Primary School and St Thomas of Canterbury Catholic Primary School

Tertiary

The campus of the University of Surrey is in Guildford. St Peter's Catholic Comprehensive School in Guildford, Surrey caters for 1036 students from the ages of 11 to 18 Guildford County School ('GCS' is a foundation Secondary school and Sixth Form College located on Farnham Road Guildford, England George Abbot School is a large state secondary school with Arts College status in Burpham in Guildford. Christ's College Guildford is an improving Church of England Comprehensive school in Guildford, Surrey, England and is situated Guildford High School is an independent school not far from Guildford High Street on London Road in Guildford. Kings College Guildford is an innovative and successful comprehensive school located in Guildford, Surrey. Northmead Junior School is a 7-11 junior school in Stoughton, an area of north Guildford, Surrey. Rydes Hill Preparatory School is a Co-educational, Roman Catholic Preparatory school in Guildford, Surrey, England Tormead School is an independent day school for girls aged 4 - 18 years old Worplesdon is a village in Surrey, England, located three miles (5 km north of Guildford. St Thomas of Canterbury Catholic Primary School in Guildford, Surrey caters for 379 students from the ages of 4-1 A campus is traditionally the land on which a College or University and related institutional buildings are situated The University of Surrey is a University located within the county town of Guildford, Surrey in the South East of England Battersea College of Technology (previously the Battersea Polytechnic Institute) moved to the town in 1966, gaining a Royal Charter in order to award its own degrees and changing its name to its current title. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company

The town is home to the inaugural campus of The College of Law^[39] and to the Guildford School of Acting. The College of Law of England and Wales (CoL is a private educational institution in England which provides Legal education for students and professionals Guildford School of Acting is a drama school located in Guildford, Surrey, England. Other institutions in Guildford include Guildford College of Further and Higher Education and the Academy of Contemporary Music. Guildford College of Further and Higher Education in Guildford, Surrey caters for students of age 16+ in full-time and part-time study The Academy of Contemporary Music (ACM is a music academy located in Guildford, Surrey, England

Administration

Though often referred to as a city Guildford is a town, but has applied for city status several times. Guildford's 2002 application to be granted the status of a city was unsuccessful, losing out to Preston, the only English town being formally recognised as a city as part of the Queen's Golden Jubilee celebrations. Preston ( ˈprɛstən is a city and local government district in Lancashire, England, located on the River Ribble. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Traditionally, the establishment of a diocesan cathedral in a town conferred city status, and the presence of a University is often used as a rule of thumb in determining a settlement's status. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Church of England A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Guildford has both of these institutions, has a rich social history and is a significant economic hub in Surrey, a county with no city.

Even though Guildford is the county town for Surrey, the council itself has its administrative base in Kingston upon Thames^[40] which, although formerly in Surrey, is now in Greater London. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England.

Other organisations of note that have headquarters in Guildford include Surrey Police and SEEDA, the South East England Development Agency. Surrey Police is the Home Office police force of the county of Surrey in the south of England The force is lead by Temporary Chief Constable SEEDA, more officially the South East England Development Agency, is one of a number of Regional Development Agencies in the UK. The South East England Regional Assembly also meets in Guildford. South East England Regional Assembly (SEERA is the regional assembly for the South East England region of the United Kingdom.

Politically, the constituency of Guildford is thought of as a traditional conservative seat. Guildford is a Constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined However, for the first time in over ninety years, the 2001 general election returned a Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament, Sue Doughty. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Susan Kathleen Doughty, known as Sue Doughty, (born 13 April 1948) is a politician in the United Kingdom The 2003 Borough Elections returned a majority council for the Conservative party, replacing the Liberal Democrat-controlled council. Guildford Council in Surrey, England is elected every four years The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the In the 2005 general election Guildford returned a Conservative Party MP, Anne Milton – by a narrow margin (0. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Anne Frances Milton (born Anne Turner 3 November 1955 is a British nurse and politician who has been the Conservative MP for Guildford since 7% of the voting electorate, or 347 votes) and despite a 0. 5% rise in the Liberal Democrat vote. The Conservatives also held the council majority in the local elections of 2007^[41].

The town is twinned with Freiburg in southern Germany,^[42] and linked with Mukono in central Uganda. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Mukono is a district in central Uganda. Like other Ugandan districts it is named after its 'chief town' - Mukono town. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. ^[43]

Business

The Surrey Advertiser offices are next to the A3 and River Wey

Slyfield Industrial Estate is in the north east of the town

Guildford is a thriving commercial town with the 2006 Financial Times annual list of Top 500 Global Companies listing four major businesses with a significant presence in the town^[44]. The Surrey Advertiser is a Newspaper for Surrey, which was established in 1864. The A3, known as the Portsmouth Road for much of its length is a Trunk road in Southern England, connecting London to Portsmouth The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. Other notable companies include the games company Lionhead Studios, run by Guildford-born Peter Molyneux, and Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Lionhead Studios is a United Kingdom -based computer game development company led by industry veteran Peter Molyneux, and acquired by Microsoft Game Peter Douglas Molyneux OBE (born 5 May 1959 in Guildford, Surrey, UK) is a Computer game designer Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, or SSTL is a spin-off company of the University of Surrey that builds and operates small satellites. The bus and fire engine manufacturer Dennis Specialist Vehicles and Alexander Dennis are also located in the town as well as military vehicle builders Automotive Technik. Dennis Specialist Vehicles is a major British coachbuilder and manufacturer of specialised commercial vehicles based in Guildford, England. Alexander Dennis Limited (formerly known as TransBus International) is the largest bus builder in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in the world Automotive Technik took over production of the Pinzgauer from Steyr-Daimler-Puch in the year 2000.

Transport

Rail

There are two railway stations in Guildford:

• The main station, entitled Guildford, is located near the original town bridge on the west side of the River Wey and serves the main line between London Waterloo and Portsmouth. Guildford railway station serves the town of Guildford in Surrey, England. The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which There are also lines to Reading, Epsom, Gatwick airport, London Bridge and long distance services, operated by CrossCountry, connect Guildford with Birmingham and Manchester. Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ as Redding) is a town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, midway between Epsom railway station is the main railway station for Epsom in the county of Surrey. Gatwick Airport is London 's second largest Airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. London Bridge station is a National Rail and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark, which occupies a large area on two levels immediately CrossCountry is a Train operating company, the brand name of XC Trains Limited owned by Arriva, that has operated Great Britain ’s Cross Country rail franchise Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um

• London Road station is on the other side of the town centre to the main station. London Road (Guildford railway station is situated in the east of Guildford in Surrey, England, lying close the suburbs of Merrow and Burpham It serves stopping services running between the main station and Waterloo and London Bridge stations. London Bridge station is a National Rail and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark, which occupies a large area on two levels immediately

Road

The A3 links Guildford to Portsmouth, London and the M25. The A3, known as the Portsmouth Road for much of its length is a Trunk road in Southern England, connecting London to Portsmouth History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. To see information about the M25 motorway under construction in Ireland, see N25 road.

Bus and coach

Bus services in Guildford are primarily operated by Arriva with some additional services provided by Countryliner, Safeguard and Stagecoach. Countryliner is a small independent bus and coach operator based in Merrow, United Kingdom. Safeguard Coaches is a Bus and coach operator based in the Surrey town of Guildford, England. Stagecoach in Hants & Surrey is an operating sub-division Stagecoach South, which itself is part of the Stagecoach Group. Most routes are centred on the bus station which is attached to the Friary shopping centre. Many internal bus services within Guildford are loop shaped (starting and ending at the bus station) with different numbers for the clockwise and anticlockwise services. There are also services to many surrounding towns and villages including Woking and Aldershot. Aldershot is a town in the English County of Hampshire, located on heathland about 60 km (37 miles southwest of London.

Due to the location of the main railway station on the other side of the river from the bus station, only a small proportion of bus services stop at the railway station leading to poor integration between bus and rail services, however there is a free town centre shuttle that connects the two and other parts of the town. ^[45][46]

There is also a popular Park and Ride service, with two main sites and a third to be added soon. ^[47][48]

National Express operate coach service 030 between London Victoria Coach Station and Portsmouth Southsea via Park Barn in Guildford, but not stopping in the congested town centre. National Express Group plc ( is a UK -based Transport group with headquarters in London that operates Bus, coach, rail In British English and Australian English, the term coach is used to refer to a large motor vehicle for conveying passengers London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Victoria Coach Station is the largest and most significant coach station in London, and is operated by Victoria Coach Station Ltd History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which Southsea is a Seaside resort located in Portsmouth at the southern tip of Portsea Island in the county of Hampshire in England ^[49]

Notable residents (past and present)

See also: People from Guildford

Guildford has been the home of several notable writers. Lewis Carroll (1832-1898), author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, had a house in Guildford and is buried in the Mount Cemetery. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865 is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson better known under the Pseudonym Lewis Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There ( 1871) is a work of Children's literature by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson Mount Cemetery is a Cemetery in Guildford, Surrey, England. Two particularly famous people have been laid to rest in Mount Cemetery ^[50] Edward Carpenter, the gay socialist poet and activist, moved to the town after the First World War and lived there until his death in 1929. Also see Ed Carpenter. Edward Carpenter ( 29 August 1844 – 28 June 1929) was an English Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He too is buried in Mount Cemetery. Other authors from the town include Gerald Seymour, writer of Harry's Game. Gerald Seymour (born 25 November 1941 in Guildford, Surrey) is a British Writer. Harry's Game is a British Television series made by Yorkshire Television for ITV in 1982. ^[51] P. G. Wodehouse was born, prematurely, in Guildford in 1881 whilst his mother was visiting the town. Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE (15 October 1881 – 14 February 1975 (ˈwʊdhaʊs was an English Comic novelist who enjoyed enormous popular success ^[52]

In music, Guildford lays claim to rock group The Stranglers, who were based in the town in the early 1970s and were briefly known as "The Guildford Stranglers". The Stranglers are an English rock music group formed on 11 September 1974 in Guildford, Surrey. Drummer Jet Black ran an off-licence in the town and bass player Jean Jacques Burnel attended the Royal Grammar School. Jet Black (born Brian John Duffy, 26 August 1938 Ilford, Essex) is an English Drummer and one of the founder members of REDIRECT Licensing_laws_of_the_United_Kingdom#Off-licence Jean-Jacques Burnel (born 21 February 1952 in London) also known as J J Burnel, is an Anglo - French Musician and Songwriter There are several schools of the name Royal Grammar School in the United Kingdom: Clitheroe Royal Grammar School Colchester Royal ^[53] Prog rock musicians Mike Rutherford, of Genesis and Andrew Latimer of the band Camel, were both born in Guildford, as was jazz saxophonist Iain Ballamy. Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved Michael John Cleote Crawford Rutherford (born 2 October 1950 in Guildford, Surrey) is an English Musician. Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967 With approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists Andrew Latimer ( 17 May 1947, Guildford, Surrey) is an English Musician and the lone remaining original member of the Camel are an English Progressive rock band formed in 1971 An important figure in the Canterbury scene, the group has been releasing studio and live Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind Iain Ballamy (born February 20, 1964 in Guildford, Surrey) is a British soprano alto and tenor Saxophone player In more contemporary music, drum and bass producers Cause 4 Concern are from the town. Cause 4 Concern (C4C is a Drum and bass recording and production group consisting of Ed Holmes Mark Clements Stuart Perkins and Toby Bu ^[54]

Several actors and actresses live in the area, including: Edward Kelsey, who plays Joe Grundy in The Archers;, Stuart Wilson, ^[55] and Bonnie Langford. Edward Kelsey (born 1930 in Petersfield Hampshire) is a British actor of stage and Screen as well as a Voiceover artist The Archers is a British radio Soap opera broadcast on the BBC 's main spoken-word channel, Radio 4. Stuart Wilson (born 25 December 1946) is an English Actor. Early life Wilson was born in Guildford, Surrey Bonita Melody Lysette "Bonnie" Langford ( July 22, 1964) is an English actress and entertainer ^[56] Yvonne Arnaud, singer and actress, lived in the town for many years before she died. Yvonne Arnaud (20 December 1892 - 20 September 1958 was a French -born pianist singer and actress ^[57] Terry Jones, the Monty Python writer, went to the Royal Grammar School from 1953-61. For other uses see Terry Jones (disambiguation. Terence Graham Parry Jones (born 1 February 1942) is a Welsh Monty Python (sometimes known as The Pythons) is the collective name of the six creators of Monty Python's Flying Circus, a British Television See Royal Grammar School for the other schools with the name RGS ^[58] Other entertainers born in Guildford include WWE wrestler Paul Burchill^[59] and Holly Samos – radio researcher and presenter, and former member of Chris Evans' Zoo Squad. World Wrestling Entertainment Inc ( WWE) is a publicly traded privately controlled integrated media (focusing in Television, Internet, Paul Burchill Burchill quickly established an alliance with his countryman helping Regal to beat down Scotty 2 Hotty Holly Samos (born 1971 Guildford, Surrey) also known as Holly Hotlips, is a radio researcher and presenter Chris Evans (born Christopher Evans, 1 April 1966 Warrington, England) is an English radio / Television presenter and ,

In sport, Guildford has been home to ChampCar driver Katherine Legge^[60] and Allan Wells, gold medallist in the 100 metres at the 1980 Olympics. Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis Katherine Legge (ˈlɛg "leg" (born 12 July, 1980 in Guildford, Surrey, UK) is a British Auto racing driver Allan Wipper Wells MBE (born 3 May 1952 is a former Scottish athlete who became Olympic Champion in the 100 metres at the The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Moscow in the Soviet

Other notable residents include mathematician, logician and cryptographer, Alan Turing, whose family home was in Guildford;^[61] Michael Buerk, BBC newsreader;^[62] Roger Fry, the English artist, critic and member of the Bloomsbury Group who lived in the house (Durbins) he designed and built in the town from 1909 to 1919; ^[63]. Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (ˈt(jʊ(ərɪŋ (23 June 1912 &ndash 7 June 1954 was an English Mathematician Michael Duncan Buerk (born February 18, 1946) is a BBC Journalist and newsreader, most famous for his reporting of the Ethiopian Roger Eliot Fry (14 December 1866 – 9 September 1934) was an English artist and an Art critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury group The Bloomsbury Group was an English collectivity of loving friends and relatives who lived in or near London during the first half of the twentieth century

The fictional Ford Prefect, from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, claimed to be from Guildford, though in fact he was born near Betelgeuse. Ford Prefect (also called Ix) is a Fictional character in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by the British author Douglas The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 &ndash 11 May 2001 was an English author comic Radio dramatist Betelgeuse (ˈbiːtəldʒuːz or /ˈbɛtəldʒuːz/ ( α Ori α Orionis Alpha Orionis is a Semiregular variable star located 640 Light-years away from ^[64]

Guildford and the media

Guildford has been captured on film in Carry on Sergeant, which was filmed at Cardwell's Keep in North Guildford, and The Omen, a scene from which was filmed at Guildford Cathedral. Carry On Sergeant is the first ''Carry On'' film. Its first public screening was on 1 August 1958 at Screen One London. The Omen is a 1976 suspense / horror Film directed by Richard Donner. The Cathedral Church of the Holy Spirit Guildford is the Anglican cathedral at Guildford, Surrey, England. Singer/songwriter Robyn Hitchcock has sung about the town in "No, I Don't Remember Guildford", a song from his 1999 album "Jewels for Sophia". Robyn Rowan Hitchcock (born March 3, 1953) is an English Singer-songwriter and guitarist ^[65].

In January 2003, Girls Aloud singer Cheryl Tweedy was arrested for the assault and racial abuse of a toilet attendant in Guildford at The Drink nightclub. Girls Aloud are a British Girl group created by ITV1 Talent show Popstars The Rivals in 2002 Cheryl Ann Cole (née Tweedy; born 30 June 1983 is an English Singer, and member of the band Girls Aloud. Assault is a Crime of Violence against another person. In some Jurisdictions including Australia and New Zealand, A toilet attendant, or bathroom attendant, is a Housekeeper for a Public toilet. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark ^[66] Four years later in April 2007, Sugababes singer Amelle Berrabah was arrested following a dance floor brawl in Bar Med. Sugababes are a BRIT Award -winning English pop group trio from London. ^[67][68]

References

External links

• Guildford Borough Council
• Guildford tourist guide from Wikitravel
• Information and archive images of Guildford's Lost Theatres
• Foxenden Quarry Shelter