Citizendia

Greenpeace
Founded1971, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Area servedGlobal
FocusEnvironmentalism
MethodNonviolence, Lobbying, Research, Innovation
Websitewww.greenpeace.org
Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil.
Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical Violence. Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. The term innovation means a new way of doing something It may refer to incremental radical and revolutionary changes in thinking products processes or organisations A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Esso (SO is an international trade name for ExxonMobil and its related companies The Exxon Mobil Corporation, or ExxonMobil, is an American oil and gas Corporation and a direct descendant of John D

Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, is a group founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1971 to oppose the United States testing nuclear devices in Alaska. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The focus of the organization later turned to other environmental issues: whaling, bottom trawling, global warming, old growth and nuclear power. Whaling is the hunting of Whales and dates back to at least 6000 BC Bottom trawling is Trawling (towing a trawl, which is a Fishing net) along the sea floor Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions

Greenpeace has national and regional offices in many countries. They also have a big presence worldwide, all of which are affiliated to the Amsterdam based Greenpeace International. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The global organization receives its income through the individual contributions of an estimated 2. 8 million financial supporters, as well as from grants from charitable foundations. The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates

Contents

Mission statement

On its official website, Greenpeace defines its mission as the following:

Greenpeace is a global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace by:

Structure

Greenpeace is a global environmental organization, that consists of Greenpeace International (Stichting Greenpeace Council) in Amsterdam and 28 national and regional offices around the world, providing a presence in 42 countries. This is a list of environmental organizations. See also Environmental organization Intergovernmental organizations International organizations Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 These national and regional offices are largely autonomous in carrying out jointly agreed global campaign strategies within the local context they operate in, and in seeking the necessary financial support from donors to fund this work. [2] National and regional offices support a network of volunteer-run local groups. Local groups participate in many campaigns in their area, and mobilize for larger protests and activities elsewhere. Millions of supporters who are not organized into local groups support Greenpeace by making financial donations and participating in campaigns as citizens and consumers.

Greenpeace's national offices.
Greenpeace's national offices.

National and regional offices

Greenpeace is present in the following countries and regions, as of March 2007:

Oceania

Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
New Zealand

Europe

Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden
Austria, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia (no permanent campaign presence in the latter five states)
Israel, Cyprus, Lebanon, Malta, Tunisia, Turkey,

Americas

Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, United States

Asia

China, India, Japan, Russia
Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand

Africa

Greenpeace has a very limited presence in Africa, although a much more widespread presence is a top priority. Greenpeace Australia Pacific!! (GPAP is one of Australia's largest environmental Organisations, and is a member organisation of the Greenpeace For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania The Solomon Islands is a country in Melanesia, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand (GPNZ is one of New Zealand's largest environmental Organisations, and is a member organisation of the Greenpeace New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj [3]

Tunisia

Priorities and campaigns

Greenpeace runs campaigns and projects which fit into the "Issues" (as campaign areas are called within Greenpeace) categories below. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Besides exposing problems such as over-fishing or threats linked to nuclear energy such as harmful radiation and proliferation, Greenpeace campaigns for alternative solutions such as marine reserves and renewable energy. Overfishing occurs when Fishing activities reduce fish stocks below an acceptable level Nuclear Energy is released by the splitting (fission or merging together (fusion of the nuclei of Atom (s For the United States Marine Corps Reserve see Marine Forces Reserve A marine reserve is an area of the Sea which has Legal protection against Renewable energy is Energy generated from Natural resources mdashsuch as Sunlight, Wind, Rain, tides and geothermal

The organization currently addresses many environmental issues with a primary focus on efforts to stop global warming and the preservation of the world's oceans and ancient forests. Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the In addition to conventional environmental organization methods, such as lobbying businesses and politicians and participating in international conferences, Greenpeace uses nonviolent direct action in many of its campaigns. This is a list of environmental organizations. See also Environmental organization Intergovernmental organizations International organizations Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical Violence. Direct action is political action which happens outside normal political channels via indirect actions such as electing representatives.

Greenpeace uses direct action to attract attention to particular environmental problems. For example, activists place themselves between the whaler's harpoon and their prey, or invade nuclear facilities dressed as barrels of radioactive waste. Currently Greenpeace is in the midst of a campaign called Project Hot Seat which is geared toward placing pressure on the United States Congress to stop global warming. Project Hot Seat is a campaign started by Greenpeace. Its goal is to apply intense pressure on members of The United States Congress in order to implement policies The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Other initiatives include the development of a fuel-efficient car, the SmILE. This article is about the facial expression For the typographical symbol see Smiley.

Current priorities

Below is a list of Greenpeace's current priorities:

Think tank

Think tanks, under the Greenpeace umbrella, propose blueprints for world's transition to renewable energy. Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Whaling is the hunting of Whales and dates back to at least 6000 BC Bottom trawling is Trawling (towing a trawl, which is a Fishing net) along the sea floor Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. Nuclear disarmament is the proposed dismantling of Nuclear weapons. Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals environmental Stewardship, Farm Profitability and prosperous Farming communities Genetic engineering, Recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification/manipulation (GM and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism Electronic waste, " e-waste " or " Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment " (" WEEE " is a Waste type consisting The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such The focus is to reduce carbon emissions without compromising on economic growth. The Solar Generation project [4], conceived in 2000 by Greenpeace and the European Photo- voltaic Industry Association (EPIA), addresses major energy challenges facing the global society and charts out the solar energy remedies until 2050. Greenpeace thinktanks also focus on individual nation's energy scenarios: for example, Greenpeace has published scenarios where renewable resources like solar can become the backbone of the economies of developing countries like India, by 2050. India is both densely populated and has high solar insolation providing an ideal combination for solar power in India. [5][6]

History

Origins

The origins of Greenpeace lie in the peace movement and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament generally, and particularly in the Don't Make A Wave Committee co-founded by Jim Bohlen, Paul Coté and Irving Stowe, followed by an assortment of Canadian and expatriate American peace activists in Vancouver in 1970. A peace movement is a Social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or The Don't Make a Wave Committee was formed in October 1969 in Vancouver Canada to protest and attempt to halt underground nuclear testing by the United States in the National Jim Bohlen, an American engineer who worked on the Atlas ICBM missile program emigrated to Canada after becoming disillusioned with the US government's nuclear policy Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Taking its name from a slogan used during protests against United States nuclear testing in late 1969, the Committee had come together with the objective of stopping a U. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations S. nuclear bomb test codenamed Cannikin beneath the Aleutian island of Amchitka, Alaska. Amchitka (æmˈtʃɪtkə ( Amchixtax̂ in Aleut) is a volcanic tectonically unstable island in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands The Aleutian Islands (possibly from Chukchi aliat, " Island " are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming a Volcanic Amchitka (æmˈtʃɪtkə ( Amchixtax̂ in Aleut) is a volcanic tectonically unstable island in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent

Many of the founding members were members of the Society of Friends [7]. The committee was affiliated with the Sierra Club but it withdrew its support when Jim Bohlen, a member of the committee, told journalists that the committee would send a boat to Amchitka to protest the nuclear test without it having been approved by the Sierra Club. Mission statement To explore enjoy and protect the wild places of the earth To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources To educate and Jim Bohlen, an American engineer who worked on the Atlas ICBM missile program emigrated to Canada after becoming disillusioned with the US government's nuclear policy Mission statement To explore enjoy and protect the wild places of the earth To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources To educate and

The first ship expedition, inspired by the voyages of the Golden Rule, Phoenix and Everyman in 1958, was on the chartered West Coast fishing vessel the "Phyllis Cormack", owned and sailed by John Cormack of Vancouver, and called the Greenpeace I; the second expedition was nicknamed Greenpeace Too!. Albert S Bigelow ( 1 May 1906 - 6 October 1993) was a pacifist and former US Navy Commander who came to prominence in the 1950s as the skipper [8] The test was not prevented, but the voyage laid the groundwork for Greenpeace's later activities.

Early influential people

Bill Darnell has received the credit for combining the words "green" and "peace", thereby giving the organization its future name. [9] Irving Stowe, a member of the Society of Friends, Paul Coté and Jim Bohlen are the co-founders of Greenpeace Coté and Bohlen traveled to Anchorage to speak to legislators (many of whom were also against the testing) about the activities of Greenpeace. The two men were highly amused at the surveillance placed on them by the American government. The Alaska Fish and Game Department protested loudly about the destruction of the sea lion population and many other species of sea life. The Phyllis Cormack stationed herself outside the testing zone to observe the results of the tests. After the initial underwater tests, the United States Congress voted against further underwater testing. Stowe introduced the concepts of nonviolence and bearing witness. Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical Violence. Robert Hunter was a media guru and spiritual and organisational leader. Robert (Bob Lorne Hunter ( October 13, 1941 &ndash May 2 2005) was a Canadian environmentalist, Journalist Ben Metcalfe became the first Chairman of the Greenpeace Foundation and with wife Dorothy managed the media for the first few years. Bennett Metcalfe ( October 31, 1919 – October 14, 2003) was a Canadian journalist and first chairman of Greenpeace, founded 1971 Dr. Patrick Moore was the ecologist of note and served for nine years as President of Greenpeace Canada, as well as seven years as a Director of Greenpeace International. Patrick Moore (born 1947 is a Canadian Ecologist, Environmentalist and Activist. Rod Marining's campaign saved the entrance to Vancouver's Stanley Park, he was on the first voyage to Amchitka and was a board member during the 1970s. Captain Paul Watson was involved in the very early days of Greenpeace as a 1st director, and led the Harp Seal Campaigns, but later founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and sank the pirate-whaler Sierra in 1979 and has gone on to lead multiple direct-action campaigns saving endangered marine animals the world over. Paul Watson (born December 2, 1950) is the founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and a significant figure in the Environmental movement The Sea Shepherd Conservation Lyle Thurston was medical doctor on the first voyage and served on the board during the 1970s.

Campaigns

On 4 May 1972, following Dorothy Stowe's departure from the chairmanship of the Don't Make a Wave Committee, the fledgling environmental group officially changed its name to the "Greenpeace Foundation". Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1972 the yacht Vega, a 12. 5-metre (41 ft) ketch owned by David McTaggart (an eventual spokesman for Greenpeace International), was renamed Greenpeace III and sailed in an anti-nuclear protest into the exclusion zone at Mururoa in French Polynesia to attempt to disrupt French atmospheric nuclear testing. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit David Fraser McTaggart ( June 24, 1932 - March 23, 2001) was a Canadian-born environmentalist Mururoa (Mururura Moruroa also historically known as Aopuni, ( French Polynesia ( French: Polynésie française, Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is a French Overseas collectivity in the Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations This voyage was sponsored and organised by the New Zealand branch of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island [10] CNDNZ and the New Zealand peace media had been lobbying the New Zealand Government and the New Zealand public to place pressure on Britain and France to agree to enforce a nuclear test ban in the South Pacific since the mid 1950s. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT bans all nuclear explosions in all environments for military or civilian purposes The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions This pressure through civil disobedience protests in French Polynesia and public education at home eventually resulted in New Zealand declaring itself a nuclear-free zone by legislation in 1987 (New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987). Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain Laws demands and commands of a Government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical A nuclear-free zone is an area where Nuclear weapons (see Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone) and/or Nuclear power is banned Legislation (or " Statutory law " is law which has been promulgated (or " Enacted quot by a Legislature or other Governing The New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone Disarmament and Arms Control Act is a New Zealand law passed by the Fourth Labour Government in 1987 "to establish in New [11] In 1974 La Flor, from Melbourne, Australia, skippered by Rolf Heimann, a children's author, set out for Mururoa via New Zealand as Greenpeace IV but arrived after the final nuclear test for the year. The French military conducted more than 200 nuclear tests (40 of them atmospheric) at Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls over a thirty year period ending 1996. The Military of France encompasses an army, a navy, an air force and a military police force. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations Mururoa (Mururura Moruroa also historically known as Aopuni, ( Fangataufa (Fangatafoa is a small low narrow Coral Atoll in the eastern side of the Tuamotu Archipelago.

In 1974 the Vancouver based Greenpeace Foundation mounted an anti-whaling campaign that encountered Soviet whalers over the seamounts off Mendocino, California. A seamount is a Mountain rising from the Ocean Seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface ( Sea level) and thus is not an Island Mendocino is a Census-designated place (CDP in Mendocino County, California, United States. This campaign had been influenced by the work of Paul Spong and Farley Mowat and Robert Hunter's encounter with the Orca Skana. Dr Paul Spong is a Neuroscientist and cetologist from New Zealand. Farley McGill Mowat OC, BA, DLitt (born May 12, 1921 in Belleville Ontario) is a Conservationist and Robert (Bob Lorne Hunter ( October 13, 1941 &ndash May 2 2005) was a Canadian environmentalist, Journalist The Orca or Killer Whale ( Orcinus orca) less commonly Blackfish or Seawolf, is the largest species of the Oceanic dolphin family

In 1976 a campaign was launched against the killing and skinning of foxes in Newfoundland for the high fashion fur trade, targeting Norwegian ships engaged in the trade after receiving a hostile welcome from the Newfoundland fishermen involved in the hunt. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Greenpeace used helicopters to move people and supplies to a base camp at Belle Isle. Belle Isle (Old french for 'Beautiful Island' is an uninhabited island just off the coast of Labrador and north of the island of Newfoundland at the Atlantic Brigitte Bardot later got involved in this campaign to great effect. Brigitte Bardot ( (born 28 September 1934 is a French actress, former fashion model, Singer and animal welfare/rights activist In the same year another anti-whaling expedition, using the James Bay as Greenpeace VII, disrupted the Soviet fleet again, but this time with the assistance of a "deep throat" source and extra funding from Ed Daly of World Airways. World Airways Inc is an American non-scheduled Airline currently headquartered in Peachtree City Georgia. At about the same time visits to Japan were arranged to persuade the Japanese people that whaling should end.

By the late 1970s, spurred by the global reach of what Robert Hunter called "mind bombs", in which images of confrontation on the high seas converted diffuse and complex issues into considerably more media-friendly David versus Goliath-style narratives, more than 20 groups across North America[2], Europe[3], New Zealand[4] and Australia[5] had adopted the name "Greenpeace". Robert (Bob Lorne Hunter ( October 13, 1941 &ndash May 2 2005) was a Canadian environmentalist, Journalist

Greenpeace also engaged with its opponents through the courts both in Canada (defending a loitering charge for failing to leave a fisheries office) and in France (David McTaggart's Law of the Sea case to recover repair costs after his yacht Vega was damaged by the French navy).

Similarly, Greenpeace became involved with lobbying elected officials and various bodies such as the United Nations through events such as the Conference on the Human Environment and with the International Whaling Commission. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The International Whaling Commission ( IWC) is an international body set up by the terms of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW, which

On August 21, 2007, Yvo de Boer, head of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), angered environmental groups with his suggestion that "rich nations should be absolved from the need to cut emissions if they pay developing countries to do it on their behalf". Yvo de Boer (born 1954 Vienna) is the current Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Annex I and Annex II Countries and Developing Countries Signatories to the UNFCCC are split into three groups Annex I countries (industrialized countries Doug Parr of Greenpeace opposed Mr. de Boer's suggestion - "The current trading system is not delivering emissions reductions as it is" . . . "Expanding it like this to give rich countries a completely free hand will simply not work. "[12] On August 22, 2007, the Philippine Department of Energy's plan to develop nuclear energy as an alternative source of power was opposed by Von Hernandez, campaign director of Greenpeace Southeast Asia, who warned that exploring nuclear options to bolster energy demand is “dangerous and misleading. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Nuclear Energy is released by the splitting (fission or merging together (fusion of the nuclei of Atom (s ” He said the risks of accidents like Chernobyl or the most recent Kashiwazaki nuclear plant leak in Japan after an earthquake are real. Chernobyl (as transliterated from the Чернобыль) or Chornobyl (as transliterated from Чорнобиль tʃɔrˈnɔbɪlʲ was a city in northern is a city located in Niigata, Japan. As of May 1, 2008, the city has an estimated Population of 92947 and the density For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer [13]

Four Greenpeace activists breached security at Heathrow Airport on February 25, 2008 to climb on top of a British Airways plane and protest plans to build a third runway[14] On May 23, 2008, Greenpeace blocked coal shipments of Team Energy Philippines and intentions was to prevent expansion of coal power plants in the country. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common They sprayed a banner saying, "Quit Coal" on the ship, but after negotiations they withdraws. [15]

Formation of formal global organization

In 1979, the original Vancouver-based Greenpeace Foundation encountered financial difficulties, and disputes between offices over fund-raising and organizational direction split the global movement. [16] David McTaggart lobbied the Canadian Greenpeace Foundation to accept a new structure which would bring the scattered Greenpeace offices under the auspices of a single global organization, and on October 14, 1979, Greenpeace International came into existence. David Fraser McTaggart ( June 24, 1932 - March 23, 2001) was a Canadian-born environmentalist Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Under the new structure, the local offices would contribute a percentage of their income to the international organization, which would take responsibility for setting the overall direction of the movement.

Greenpeace's transformation from a loose international network to a global organization enabled it to apply the full force of its resources to a small number of environmental issues deemed of global significance, owed much to McTaggart's personal vision. McTaggart summed up his approach in a 1994 memo: "No campaign should be begun without clear goals; no campaign should be begun unless there is a possibility that it can be won; no campaign should be begun unless you intend to finish it off". McTaggart's own assessment of what could and couldn't be won, and how, frequently caused controversy.

In re-shaping Greenpeace as a centrally coordinated, hierarchical organization, McTaggart went against the anti-authoritarian ethos that prevailed in other environmental organizations that came of age in the 1970s. While this pragmatic structure granted Greenpeace the persistence and narrow focus necessary to match forces with government and industry, it would lead to the recurrent criticism that Greenpeace had adopted the same methods of governance as its chief foes — the multinational corporations. Its current Executive Director is Gerd Leipold. [17]

For smaller actions, and continuous local promotion and activism, Greenpeace has networks of active supporters that coordinate their efforts through national offices. The United Kingdom has some 6,000 Greenpeace activists. (23)François Sterchele: YNWA ! Een ster was geboren, nu schitter je voor eeuwig aan onze blauw-zwarte hemel! [Pain is only temporary, Victory Is Forever!]

Ships

Since Greenpeace was founded, seagoing ships have played a vital role in its campaigns.

In 1978, Greenpeace launched the original Rainbow Warrior, a 40-metre (130 ft), former fishing trawler named for the Cree legend that inspired early activist Robert Hunter on the first voyage to Amchitka. Early career The Rainbow Warrior was built in 1955 in Aberdeen, Scotland as a trawler named Sir William Hardy, and entered service with A commercial trawler is a commercial Fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Not to be confused with the Creek. Cree is an Exonym applied to various people indigenous to North America namely the Nehiyaw Nehithaw Nehilaw Robert (Bob Lorne Hunter ( October 13, 1941 &ndash May 2 2005) was a Canadian environmentalist, Journalist Greenpeace purchased the Rainbow Warrior (originally launched as the Sir William Hardy in 1955) at a cost of £40,000, and volunteers restored and refitted it over a period of four months.

First deployed to disrupt the hunt of the Icelandic whaling fleet, the Rainbow Warrior would quickly become a mainstay of Greenpeace campaigns. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Between 1978 and 1985, crew members also engaged in non-violent direct action against the ocean-dumping of toxic and radioactive waste, the Grey Seal hunt in Orkney and nuclear testing in the Pacific. Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Japan's Fisheries Agency has labeled Greenpeace ships as "anti-whaling vessels" and "environmental terrorists"[18]. Eco-terrorism, also called ecoterrorism or green terrorism, is Terrorism committed in support of ecological, environmental, or

In 1985, the Rainbow Warrior entered into the waters surrounding Moruroa atoll, site of French nuclear testing. Mururoa (Mururura Moruroa also historically known as Aopuni, ( The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior occurred when the French government secretly bombed the ship in Auckland harbour on orders from François Mitterrand himself; killing Dutch freelance photographer Fernando Pereira, who thought it was safe to enter the boat to get his photographic material after a first small explosion, but drowned as a result of a second, larger explosion. The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, codenamed Opération Satanique, was an operation by the "action" branch of the French foreign The government of France is a Semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist See Fernando "Cobo" Pereira for the officer of São Tomé and Príncipe. The attack was a public relations disaster for France, after it was quickly exposed by the New Zealand police. The French Government in 1987 agreed to pay New Zealand compensation of NZ$13 million and formally apologised for the bombing. The French Government also paid ₣2. The franc (represented by the franc sign ₣ or more commonly just F) is a former Currency of France. 3 million compensation to the family of the killed photographer.

In 1989 Greenpeace commissioned a replacement vessel, also named the Rainbow Warrior, which remains in service today as the flagship of the Greenpeace fleet. Image gallery

In 1996 the Greenpeace vessel MV Sirius was detained by Dutch police while protesting the import of genetically modified soybeans due to the violation of a temporary sailing prohibition, which was implemented because the Sirius prevented their unloading. The ship, but not the captain, was released a half hour later.

In 2005 the Rainbow Warrior II ran aground on and damaged the Tubbataha Reef in the Philippines, while she was ironically on a mission to protect the very same reef. Image gallery Tubbataha Reef is an Atoll Coral reef located in the Sulu Sea of the Philippines. [19] Greenpeace was fined $7,000 USD for damaging the reef and agreed to pay the fine, although they said that the Philippines government had given them outdated charts.

Along with the Rainbow Warrior the Greenpeace organisation has four other ships:

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of Greenpeace

Greenpeace has been variously criticized for being too radical (or alarmist), too mainstream (or not alarmist enough), for allegedly using methods bordering on eco-terrorism, for having itself incurred real or perceived environmental damage in its activities, for taking positions which aren't environmentally or economically sound, and for valuing non-human causes over human causes by governments, industry and political lobbyists, and other environmental groups. Specifications Port of registry Amsterdam Netherlands Former Name Polar Bjorn Specifications Port of registry Amsterdam Netherlands Former Name Echo Fighter Career During her 15 years of service with Greenpeace the MV or Black Pig as she was affectionately known by her crew circumnavigated the globe several times During its history Greenpeace has been criticized by a number of groups Alarmism is the production of needless warnings The following lists some areas where warnings have been called alarmist Eco-terrorism, also called ecoterrorism or green terrorism, is Terrorism committed in support of ecological, environmental, or Greenpeace co-founder Patrick Moore left the organization in 1986 when it decided to support a universal ban on chlorine, which Moore has called "the biggest advance in the history of public health" and "essential for our health. Patrick Moore (born 1947 is a Canadian Ecologist, Environmentalist and Activist. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and "[20] Moore has argued that Greenpeace today is motivated by politics rather than science, that none of his "fellow directors had any formal science education. "[20]

Popular culture

See also

References

  1. ^ Greenpeace International. See also Nuclear debate Nuclear power, as with all power sources has an effect on the environment through the Nuclear fuel cycle, through operation and The Sea Shepherd Conservation Our mission.
  2. ^ Greenpeace International. How is Greenpeace structured?.
  3. ^ Greenpeace plans bigger presence in Africa. UN Economic Commission for Africa.
  4. ^ Solar Generation
  5. ^ Greenpeace announces comprehensive energy strategy for India to tackle Climate Change without compromising economic development
  6. ^ Energy (R)evolution: A sustainable Energy Outlook for India
  7. ^ Fred Pearce 'Green Warriors', London: Bodley Head, p. 18, 1991 .
  8. ^ Discover Vancouver. The Greenpeace Story
  9. ^ Greenpeace International. The Founders of Greenpeace. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
  10. ^ Making Waves the Greenpeace New Zealand Story by Michael Szabo ISBN
  11. ^ Nuclear Free: The New Zealand Way, The Right Honourable David Lange, Penguin Books, New Zealand,1990.
  12. ^ BBC NEWS, Rich 'can pay poor to cut carbon'
  13. ^ ABS-CBN Interactive, Greenpeace opposes nuke power option
  14. ^ Activists climb onto BA jet at Heathrow
  15. ^ [[1]]
  16. ^ Waves of Compassion. The founding of Greenpeace. by Rex Weyler p. 4. Retrieved on May 8, 2007
  17. ^ Executive Director: Gerd Leipold | Greenpeace International
  18. ^ Greenpeace Rejects Terrorism Label, 14 December 2001
  19. ^ BBC News. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Greenpeace fined for reef damage. 1 November 2005.
  20. ^ a b Moore, Patrick. "Why I Left Greenpeace", The Wall Street Journal, 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.  

Further reading

External links

Dictionary

Greenpeace

-proper noun

  1. A direct-action environmental organisation.
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