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Not to be confused with Grenada. Grenada (grɪˈneɪdə is an Island nation that includes the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea.
For other uses, see Granada (disambiguation).
For the English television station, see Granada Television. Granada Television is the United Kingdom ITV contractor for North West England.
Granada
La Alhambra from Mirador San Nicolás
Flag of GranadaCoat of arms of Granada
FlagCoat of Arms
Location
Coordinates : 37°10′41″N 003°36′03″W / 37.17806, -3.60083Coordinates: 37°10′41″N 003°36′03″W / 37.17806, -3.60083
Time zone : CET (GMT +1)
- summer : CEST (GMT +2)
General information
Native nameGranada (Spanish)
Spanish nameGranada
Postal code18000
Websitewww.granada.org
Administration
CountrySpain
Autonomous CommunityAndalusia
ProvinceGranada
ComarcaVega de Granada
MayorJosé Torres Hurtado (PP)
Geography
Land Area88 km²
Altitude738 m AMSL
Population
Population237,929 (2007)
Density2,703 hab. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The term administration, as used in the context of Government, differs according to Jurisdiction. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area In addition to its autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty Provinces. Granada is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. A comarca (meaning Shire or County, Spanish and Portuguese plural comarcas, Catalan plural A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different /km² (2007)

Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is situated at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, Beiro, Darro and Genil, at an elevation of 738 metres above sea level. The Sierra Nevada, meaning "snowy range" in Spanish, is a Mountain range in the region of Andalusia in Spain. The Darro is a River of Granada, Spain. It is also the name of a local town The Genil River is the main (left tributary of the river Guadalquivir in Andalusia, Spain. At the 2005 census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 236,982, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 472,638, ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of the Spanish Kingdom. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population About 3. 3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship, the largest number of these (31%) coming from South America. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Its nearest airport is FGL Airport. Federico García Lorca Granada-Jaén Airport, also known as Granada International Airport, is the Airport serving the province and city of Granada

The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel and palace, is in Granada. This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent It is one of the most famous items of the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot among cultural and tourist cities in Spain. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The Almohad urbanism with some fine examples of Moorish and Morisco constructions is preserved at the part of the city called the Albaicín. The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i A morisco (Spanish " Moor -like" or mourisco (Portuguese was any Muslim of Spain or Portugal El Albayzín (also Albaicín or El Albaicín) is a district of present day Granada, Spain that retains the narrow winding streets of its

Granada is also well-known within Spain due to the prestigious University of Granada and, nowadays, vibrant night-life. The University of Granada is a University at Granada, Spain, first founded by the Moors in 1349 and then officially founded in 1531 by the Emperor In fact, it is said that it is one of the three best cities for college students (the other two are Salamanca and Santiago de Compostela). Geography The city lies on a mountain by the Tormes River which is crossed by a bridge 150 m long built on 26 arches fifteen of which are of Roman origin, while Santiago de Compostela (also Saint James of Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia and a UNESCO World

The pomegranate (in Spanish, granada) is the heraldic device of Granada. The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms.

Contents

History

View of Granada from the Alhambra
View of Granada from the Alhambra
Side Courtyard entrance to the Royal Chapel
Side Courtyard entrance to the Royal Chapel

Pre-Nasrid

The city has been inhabited from the dawn of history. There was an Ibero-Celtic settlement here, which made contact in turn with Phoenicians, Carthagenians and Greeks. The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians were a Celtic people of Hallstatt culture Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca By the 5th century BCE, the Greeks had established a colony which they named Elibyrge or Elybirge (Greek: Ἐλιβύργη). The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Under Roman rule, in the early centuries CE, this name had become "Illiberis". Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC As Illiberis, the city minted its own coins. The Visigoths maintained the importance of the city as a centre of both ecclesiastical and civil administration and also established it as a military stronghold. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East It was also managed by Byzantines for 60 years.

A Jewish community established itself in what was effectively a suburb of the city, called "Gárnata" or "Gárnata al-yahud" (Granada of the Jews). PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ It was with the help of this community that Moorish forces under Tariq ibn-Ziyad first took the city in 711, though it was not fully secured until 713. Tariq Ibn Ziyad or Taric bin Zeyad (طارق بن زياد d 720 known in Spanish history and legend as Taric el Tuerto (Taric the one-eyed was They referred to it under the Iberian name "Ilbira", the remaining Christian community calling this "Elvira", and it became the capital of a province of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of Civil conflicts that wracked the Caliphate in the early eleventh century led to the destruction of the city in 1010. In the subsequent reconstruction, the suburb of Gárnata (Arabic: غرناطة) was incorporated in the city, and the modern name in fact derives from this. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language With the arrival of the Zirid dynasty in 1013, Granada became an independent emirate Taifa of Granada. The Zirids (زيريون were a Berber dynasty originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe that ruled Ifriqiya (in modern day Eastern The Taifa of Granada (Arabic طائفة غرناطة, Ta'ifa Garnata) was a kingdom in what is now Granada province in By the end of the eleventh century, the city had spread across the Darro to reach what is now the site of the Alhambra.

Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

Main article: Nasrid dynasty
Alhambra, Court of the Lions built by the Nasrid sultans
Alhambra, Court of the Lions built by the Nasrid sultans

In 1228, with the departure of the Almohad prince, Idris, who left Iberia to take the Almohad leadership, the ambitious Ibn al-Ahmar established the longest lasting Muslim dynasty on the Iberian peninsula - the Nasrids. The Nasrid dynasty or Banuu Nasri (بنو نصر was the last Arab and Muslim dynasty in Spain. This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. The Court of the Lions (Patio de los Leones - بهو السباع is the main court of the Nasrid Palace of the Lions With the Reconquista in full swing after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the Nasrids aligned themselves with Ferdinand III of Castile, officially becoming a tributary state in 1238. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period Saint Ferdinand III (July 30 or August 5 1199 &ndash May 30, 1252) was the King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 The state officially became the Kingdom of Granada in 1238. The Nasrid sultans and kings were responsible for building most of the palaces in the Alhambra. This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. The taifa became a vassal state of the Christian kingdom of Castile for the next 250 years. A taifa (from طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if) in the history of Iberia was an independent Muslim -ruled principality The Nasrid sultans and kings paid tribute to the Christian kings and cooperated with them in the battle against rebellious Muslims under Castilian rule.

Initially the kingdom of Granada linked the commercial routes from Europe with those of the Maghreb. The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset The territory constantly shrank due to repeated Castillian invasions, however, and by 1492, Granada controlled only a small territory on the Mediterranean coast. Arabic was the official language, and was the mother tongue of the majority of the population. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language

Granada was held as a vassal to Castile for many decades, and provided trade links with the Muslim world, particularly the gold trade with the sub-saharan areas south of Africa. The Nasrids also provided troops for Castile while the kingdom was also a source of mercenary fighters from North Africa. However, Portugal discovered direct African trade routes by sailing around the coast of West Africa. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Thus Granada became less and less important for Castile and with the unification of Castile and Aragon in 1479, those kingdoms set their sights on conquering Granada and Navarre.

On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim leader, Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil to the Spanish, surrendered complete control of Granada, to Ferdinand and Isabella, Los Reyes Católicos ("The Catholic Monarchs"), after the city was besieged. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Abu 'abd-Allah Muhammad XII (أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر (b Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón The Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon

See Nasrid dynasty for a full list of the Nasrid rulers of Granada. The Nasrid dynasty or Banuu Nasri (بنو نصر was the last Arab and Muslim dynasty in Spain. The most prominent members of the dynasty were:

Granada after 1492

Detail from the Court of the Lions, Alhambra
Detail from the Court of the Lions, Alhambra

The capture of Muslim Granada by the forces of Ferdinand and Isabella is one of the more significant events in Granada's history. The Court of the Lions (Patio de los Leones - بهو السباع is the main court of the Nasrid Palace of the Lions This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. The terms of the surrender treaty explicitly allowed the city's Muslim inhabitants to continue unmolested in their faith and customs. By 1499, however, Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros grew frustrated with the slow conversion efforts of Granada's first archbishop, Fernando de Talavera, and undertook a program of forced baptisms. Cisneros's new tactics, which were a direct violation of the terms of the treaty, provoked an armed revolt centered in the Alpujarras, a rural region to the southwest of the city. La Alpujarra (sometimes Las Alpujarras is a mountainous district in Southern Spain, which stretches south from the Sierra Nevada mountains near Granada In response to the rebellion, in 1501 the Castilian Crown rescinded the surrender treaty, demanding that Granada's Muslims convert or emigrate. While many elites chose to emigrate to North Africa, the majority of the city's Muslims converted to Christianity, becoming Moriscos, Catholics of Moorish descent. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent

Over the course of the sixteenth century, Granada took on an ever more Christian and Castilian character, as immigrants flocked to the city from other parts of the Iberian Peninsula. The city's mosques, some of which had been established on the sites of former Christian churches, were converted to Christian uses. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger New structures, such as cathedral and the Chancillería, or Royal Court of Appeals, helped transform the urban landscape, and in the wake of the 1492 Alhambra decree that expelled Spain's Jewish population, Granada's Jewish neighborhood was demolished to make way for new Christian and Castilian institutions. The Alhambra Decree (also known as the Edict of Expulsion) was an edict issued on 31 March, 1492 by the joint Catholic Monarchs of

The fall of Granada holds an important place among the many significant events that mark the latter half of the 15th century. It ended the eight hundred year-long Islamic presence in the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Freed from internal conflict, a unified Spain embarked on its greatest phase of expansion around the globe, leading to the arrival in the Americas by Isabella's protégé Christopher Columbus. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer Subsequent colonization led to the creation of the Spanish Empire, one of the largest empires of the world for its time. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries

Architecture

El Albayzín
El Albayzín

There are many important Moorish and Catholic architectural sites in Granada:

Cathedral of Granada
Cathedral of Granada

Although many Muslim buildings were destroyed during the Christian era in Granada, those that remain comprise the most complete group of Moorish domestic architecture in Europe. Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira, GOSE, GCIH, (born 25 June 1933 in Matosinhos) Palaces like Dar al-Horra, or Alcazar Genil, or houses like the house of the Horno de Oro, the house of Chapiz, or the house of Abén Humeya, are only some of the most famous. Granada's public baths, like El Bañuelo or the Alhambra Baths, and the complex of Arab public fountains and wells (aljibes), are unique in Europe. The Nasrid infrastructure net (acequias) that feeds the public fountains and wells still functions in its majority. Among the best known of Granada's acequias are the Royal Acequia and the Cadí Acequia.

Districts of Granada

View of the city from Albaicín
View of the city from Albaicín

The Realejo

Realejo was the Jewish district at the time of the Nasride Granada. The Jewish population was so important, that Granada was known from the Al-Andalûs Country under the name of Granada de los judios (in Arabic, Garnata Al Yahood). It is today a district made up of many Andalusian villas, with gardens opening onto the streets, called Los Carmenes.

The Cartuja

This district contains the Carthusian monastery of the same name: Cartuja. This is an old monastery started in a late Gothic style with Baroque exuberant interior decorations. In this district also, many buildings were created with the extension of the University of Granada. The University of Granada is a University at Granada, Spain, first founded by the Moors in 1349 and then officially founded in 1531 by the Emperor

Bib-Rambla

The toponym existed at the time of the Arabs. Nowadays, Bib-Rambla is a high point for gastronomy, especially in its terraces of restaurants, open on beautiful days. The Arab bazaar (Alcaicería) is made up of several narrow streets, which start from this place and continue as far as the cathedral.

The Sacromonte

Main article: Sacromonte

The Sacromonte neighborhood is located on the extension of the hill of Albaicín, along the Darro River. Sacromonte is a neighbourhood of Granada, in Spain. It derives its name from the nearby Sacromonte Abbey, which was founded in 1600 on the hill of Valparaiso This area, which became famous by the nineteenth century for its predominantly Gitano inhabitants, is characterized by cave houses, which are dug into the hillside. The area has a reputation as a major center of flamenco song and dance, including the Zambra Gitana, Andalusian dance originating in the Middle East. The zone is a protected cultural environment under the auspices of the Centro de Interpretación del Sacromonte, a cultural center dedicated to the preservation of Gitano cultural forms.

The Albaicín

Albaicín, a hill located on the right bank of the river Darro, transports the visitor to a unique world: the site of the ancient city of Elvira, so-called before the Zirid Moors renamed it Granada. The Zirids (زيريون were a Berber dynasty originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe that ruled Ifriqiya (in modern day Eastern The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent It housed the artists who went up to build the palaces of Alhambra on the hill facing it. Time allowed its embellishment.

Parks and garden of Granada

Granada Parks
Granada Parks

Sport

Granada has three football teams:

Granada has a basketball team:

References

See also

External links

From the middle of the 19th century for about 100 years in Granada there were several firms with the name Ventura in the following related businesses Bookshop El Fandi (born David Fandila Marín in Granada Spain) is statistically one of the most skilled toreros (bullfighters in the world The Spanish Inquisition started and was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile to maintain Spanish Jews once constituted one of the largest and most prosperous Jewish communities under Muslim and Christian rule in Spain, before they The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

Dictionary

Granada

-proper noun

  1. A city in Spain.
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