Googolplex is the number 10^googol (that is 1 followed by a googol zeros). A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation

1 googolplex

= 10^googol

= 10^(10100)

= 10^{10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000}

In 1938, Edward Kasner's nine-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta coined the term googol; Milton then proposed the further term googolplex to be "one, followed by writing zeroes until you get tired". A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation Edward Kasner (1878&ndash1955 ( City College of New York 1897 Columbia University M A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation Kasner decided to adopt a more formal definition "because different people get tired at different times and it would never do to have [Primo] Carnera [a champion boxer] be a better mathematician than Dr. Einstein, simply because he had more endurance". This article is about the historical boxer for the wrestler having same nickname see Primo Carnera. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical ^[1]

How big is a googolplex?

One googol is greater than the number of elementary particles in the observable universe, which has been variously estimated from 10⁷⁹ up to 10⁸¹. A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation In Particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure that is it is not known to be made In Big Bang Cosmology, the observable universe is the region of space bounded by a Sphere, centered on the observer that is small enough that A googol is also greater than the number of Planck times elapsed since the Big Bang which is estimated at around 8 × 10⁶⁰. In Physics, the Planck time ( tP) is the unit of Time in the system of Natural units known as Planck units. The Big Bang is the cosmological model of the Universe that is best supported by all lines of scientific evidence and Observation. Therefore a list of the state of every particle at every measurable unit of time since the Big Bang would have nowhere near a googolplex entries (max. around 8 × 10¹⁴¹).

Since a googolplex is one followed by a googol zeroes, it would not be possible to write down or store a googolplex in decimal notation, even if all the matter in the known universe were converted into paper and ink or disk drives. The decimal ( base ten or occasionally denary) Numeral system has ten as its base. Indeed, if you had an unlimited supply of ink and paper, you would need around 10²⁰ universes to fully write it down.

Thinking of this another way, consider printing the digits of a googolplex in unreadable, one-point font. In Typography, a point is the smallest unit of measure being a subdivision of the larger pica. TeX one-point font is . TeX (ˈtɛx as in Greek, often /ˈtɛk/ in English; written with a lowercase 'e' in imitation of the logo is a Typesetting system designed and mostly 3514598 mm per digit, which means it would take about 3. 5 × 10⁹⁶ meters to write in one-point font. The known universe is estimated at 7. 4 × 10²⁶ meters in diameter, which means the distance to write the digits would be about 4. Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the 7 × 10⁶⁹ times the diameter of the known universe. The time it would take to write such a number also renders the task implausible: if a person can write two digits per second, it would take around 1. 1 × 10⁸² times the age of the universe to write down a googolplex. The age of the Universe is the time elapsed between the theory of the Big Bang and the present day

Thus in the physical world it is difficult to give examples of numbers that compare closely to a googolplex. In analyzing quantum states and black holes, physicist Don Page writes that "determining experimentally whether or not information is lost down black holes of solar mass . In Quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical object that fully describes a quantum system. A black hole is a theoretical region of space in which the Gravitational field is so powerful that nothing not even Electromagnetic radiation (e . . would require more than 10^{1076. 96} measurements to give a rough determination of the final density matrix after a black hole evaporates". ^[2] In a separate article, Page shows that the number of states in a black hole with a mass roughly equivalent to the Andromeda Galaxy is in the range of a googolplex. In Thermodynamics, a state function, state quantity, or a function of state, is a property of a system that depends only on the current The Andromeda Galaxy (ænˈdrɒmədə also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224; often referred to as the Great Andromeda ^[3]

In pure mathematics, the magnitude of a googolplex is not as large as some of the specially defined extraordinarily large numbers, such as those written with tetration, Knuth's up-arrow notation, Steinhaus-Moser notation, or Conway chained arrow notation. Broadly speaking pure mathematics is Mathematics motivated entirely for reasons other than application The magnitude of a mathematical object is its size a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind in technical terms an Ordering In Mathematics, tetration (also known as hyper -4 In Mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation of very large Integers introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976 In Mathematics, Steinhaus – Moser Notation is a means of expressing certain extremely Large numbers It is an extension of Steinhaus&rsquos Conway chained arrow notation, created by mathematician John Horton Conway, is a means of expressing certain extremely Large numbers. Even more simply, one can name numbers larger than a googolplex with fewer symbols, for example,

,

is much larger. This last number can be expressed more concisely as ⁶9 using tetration, or 9↑↑6 using Knuth's up-arrow notation. In Mathematics, tetration (also known as hyper -4 In Mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation of very large Integers introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976

Some sequences grow very quickly; for instance, the first two Ackermann numbers are 1 and ²2=4; but then the third is ³³3, a power tower of threes more than seven trillion high. In Mathematics, a sequence is an ordered list of objects (or events In Recursion theory, the Ackermann function or Ackermann-Péter function is a simple example of a general recursive function that is not primitive Yet, much larger still is Graham's number, perhaps the largest natural number mathematicians actually have a use for. Graham's number, named after Ronald Graham, is a large number that is an upper bound on the solution to a certain problem in Ramsey theory. In Mathematics, a natural number (also called counting number) can mean either an element of the set (the positive Integers or an

A googolplex is a gigantic number that can be expressed compactly because of nested exponentiation. Other procedures (like tetration) can express large numbers even more compactly. The natural question is: what procedure uses the smallest number of symbols to express the biggest number? A Turing machine formalizes the notion of a procedure or algorithm, and a busy beaver is the Turing machine of size n that can write down the biggest possible number [1]. Turing machines are basic abstract symbol-manipulating devices which despite their simplicity can be adapted to simulate the logic of any Computer Algorithm In Mathematics, Computing, Linguistics and related subjects an algorithm is a sequence of finite instructions often used for Calculation In computability theory, a busy beaver (from the colloquial expression for "industrious person" is a Turing machine which when given an empty tape does The bigger n is, the more complex the busy beaver, hence the bigger the number it can write down. For n=1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 the numbers expressible are not huge, but research as of 2006 shows that for n=6 the busy beaver can write down a number at least as big as . In computability theory, a busy beaver (from the colloquial expression for "industrious person" is a Turing machine which when given an empty tape does Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [2] It is an open question whether the seventh busy beaver can express a googolplex

In popular culture

Googolplex (an extremely large movie theater) appears several episodes of The Simpsons and in the video game The Simpsons Hit & Run

The search engine Google (a deliberate misspelling of googol) refers to its headquarters as the Googleplex, likely an abbreviation of "Google Complex". The Simpsons Hit & Run is an action - adventure Video game based on the animated sitcom The Simpsons Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation The Googleplex is the Company headquarters for Google Inc, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County,

The "Googleplex Star Thinker in the Seventh Galaxy of Light and Ingenuity" appears (an earlier "playful" misspelling) in the Douglas Adams 1979 novel, The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy. Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 &ndash 11 May 2001 was an English author comic Radio dramatist Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy ( 1979, ISBN 0-330-25864-8 is the title of the first of five books in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

The band Clutch released an album in 2002 called Live at the Googolplex. Clutch is a United States based musical group originally from Germantown, Maryland. Live at the Googolplex is a live album by rock band Clutch, compiled from various live recordings in 2001 and 2002.

In episode IX of Carl Sagan's Cosmos: A Personal Voyage television series, Sagan, illustrating the advantages of scientific notation over decimal notation, starts writing a googolplex on a roll of paper. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author Cosmos A Personal Voyage is a thirteen-part television series written by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan, and Steven Soter, with Sagan He unwinds the roll of paper throughout Cambridge University's campus, before finally giving up.

In Back to the Future Part III, Emmett Brown, in lamenting the loss of the girl of his dreams, says, "Clara was one in a million. Back to the Future Part III is the third installment of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy. "Doc Brown" redirects here For the British rapper see Doc Brown (rapper. One in a billion. One in a googol-plex. "

Googol and Googolplex are also several times mentioned by the protagonist, the 9 year-old Oskar, of Jonathan Safran Foer's novel "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close".

In Phineas & Ferb, the mall seen in several episodes is called the Googolplex Mall. Phineas and Ferb is an Emmy -nominated Disney Channel animated musical television series that targets between 2-10 age group centers

In the Loonatics Unleashed Season 1 Episode "The Comet Cometh" Tech creates a device which amplifies Ace's laster vision by "a full factor of google. Loonatics Unleashed is an American Animated television series produced by Warner Bros Loonatics The main characters of the series These characters are the descendants of the classic Looney Tunes characters according to multiple press releases and official sources Loonatics The main characters of the series These characters are the descendants of the classic Looney Tunes characters according to multiple press releases and official sources " Rev begins to explain what it is only to be interrupted by Danger Duck in boredom. Loonatics The main characters of the series These characters are the descendants of the classic Looney Tunes characters according to multiple press releases and official sources Loonatics The main characters of the series These characters are the descendants of the classic Looney Tunes characters according to multiple press releases and official sources

The word googolplex was referred from the song "One Googolplex Dollar" by zulbrunei in his album "Dandruff".

In the book Girl Who Owned a City, a googolplex is known as a "fun number. "

In the "Jack versus Mad Jack" episode of Samurai Jack, a bounty hunter claims that Aku is offering two Googolplex on his head. Samurai Jack is a 4-time Emmy Award -winning American Animated television series created by animator Genndy Tartakovsky that aired

See also

• Large numbers
• Names of large numbers

External links

• Who Can Name the Bigger Number? http://www.scottaaronson.com/writings/bignumbers.html
• Comparing googolplex to numbers similar in size: http://home.earthlink.net/~mrob/pub/math/numbers-15.html#l_p1_1000e100
• The Biggest Numbers in the Universe: http://www.strangehorizons.com/2001/20010402/biggest_numbers.shtml
• Known prime factors of googolplex + n (0 <= n <= 999): http://www.alpertron.com.ar/GOOGOL.HTM
• Another Googolplex page: http://www.procrastinators.org/googolplex.html
• A humorous C program to count to a googolplex: http://www.fpx.de/fp/Fun/Googolplex/
• The Challenge of Large Numbers http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines/e11/86/largeno.html
• Googolplex is "inconceivable" but still "describable": http://jimvb.home.mindspring.com/hamlet.htm
• Eric W. Weisstein, Googolplex at MathWorld. Names of numbers larger than a quadrillion are almost never used for reasons discussed further below In Number theory, the prime factors of a positive Integer are the Prime numbers that divide into that integer exactly without leaving a remainder tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured Eric W Weisstein (born March 18, 1969, in Bloomington Indiana) is an Encyclopedist who created and maintains MathWorld MathWorld is an online Mathematics reference work created and largely written by Eric W
• googolplex at PlanetMath. PlanetMath is a free, collaborative online Mathematics Encyclopedia.

References