Citizendia

Google Earth
Image:GoogleEarthLogo.JPG

Screenshot of Google Earth in Windows Vista
Developed byGoogle
Latest release4. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product 3. 7204. 836 / April 25, 2008 (2008-04-25); 45 days ago
OSWindows 2000, XP & Vista, Mac OS X, Linux
Available inMultilingual[1]
GenreVirtual globe
LicenseFreeware/Proprietary
Websitehttp://earth.google.com/

Google Earth is a virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer, and was created by Keyhole, Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Computer software can be organized into categories based on common function type or field of use A virtual globe is a 3D software model or representation A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software Freeware is computer Software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A virtual globe is a 3D software model or representation Keyhole Inc, founded in 2001 was a pioneering software development company specializing in geospatial data visualization applications and was acquired by Google in 2004 Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online It maps the earth by the superimposition of images obtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS 3D globe. In Graphics, superimposition is the placement of an Image or video on top of an already-existing image or video usually to add to the overall image effect but also Satellite imagery consists of photographs of Earth or other planets made by means of Artificial satellites. Aerial photography is the taking of Photographs of the ground from an elevated position Computer graphics are Graphics created by Computers and more generally the Representation and Manipulation of Pictorial Data It is available under three different licenses: Google Earth, a free version with limited functionality; Google Earth Plus ($20 per year), which includes additional features; and Google Earth Pro ($400 per year), which is intended for commercial use. [2]

The product, renamed Google Earth in 2005, is currently available for use on personal computers running Microsoft Windows 2000, XP, or Vista, Mac OS X 10. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently 3. 9 and above, Linux (released on June 12, 2006), and FreeBSD. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. FreeBSD is a Unix-like free Operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD branch through In addition to releasing an updated Keyhole based client, Google also added the imagery from the Earth database to their web based mapping software. The release of Google Earth caused a more than tenfold increase in media coverage on virtual globes between 2005 and 2006,[3] driving public interest in geospatial technologies and applications. A virtual globe is a 3D software model or representation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Geospatial is a term widely used to describe the combination of Spatial software and Analytical methods with terrestrial or Geographic datasets

Contents

Overview

Google Earth displays satellite images of varying resolution of the Earth's surface, allowing users to visually see things like houses and cars from a bird's eye view. A bird's-eye view is a View of an object from above as though the observer were a Bird, often used in the making of Blueprints, Floor plans The degree of resolution available is based somewhat on the points of interest, but most land (except for some islands) is covered in at least 15 meters of resolution. [4] Las Vegas, Nevada and Cambridge, Massachusetts include examples of the highest resolution, at 15 cm (6 inches). Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. Google Earth allows users to search for addresses for some countries, enter coordinates, or simply use the mouse to browse to a location.

Google Earth also uses digital elevation model (DEM) data collected by NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). A digital elevation model ( DEM) is a Digital representation of ground Surface Topography or Terrain. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ( SRTM) is an international research effort that obtained Digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56 °S to 60 °N This means one can view the Grand Canyon or Mount Everest in three dimensions, instead of 2D like other map programs/sites. The Grand Canyon Mount Everest, also called Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा meaning Head of the Sky) or Chomolungma, Qomolangma or Zhumulangma (in In mathematics the dimension of a Space is roughly defined as the minimum number of Coordinates needed to specify every point within it An electronic map is a Map that is stored in the computers memory or some Electronic media. Since November 2006, the 3D views of many mountains, including Mount Everest, have been improved by the use of supplementary DEM data to fill the gaps in SRTM coverage. [5]

Many people using the applications are adding their own data and making them available through various sources, such as the BBS or blogs mentioned in the link section below. Google Earth is able to show all kinds of images overlaid on the surface of the earth and is also a Web Map Service client. An Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service ( WMS) produces maps of spatially referenced data dynamically from geographic information Google Earth supports managing three-dimensional Geospatial data through Keyhole Markup Language (KML). Geospatial is a term widely used to describe the combination of Spatial software and Analytical methods with terrestrial or Geographic datasets

Google Earth has the capability to show 3D buildings and structures (such as bridges), which consist of users' submissions using SketchUp, a 3D modeling program. SketchUp is a 3D modeling program designed for Architects Civil engineers filmmakers game developers and related professions In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical, wireframe representation of any three-dimensional object In prior versions of Google Earth (before Version 4), 3D buildings were limited to a few cities, and had poorer rendering with no textures. Many buildings and structures from around the world now have detailed 3D structures; including (but not limited to) those in the United States, Canada, Ireland, India, Japan, United Kingdom,[6] Germany, Pakistan and the cities, Amsterdam and Alexandria. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια [7] In August 2007, Hamburg became the first city entirely shown in 3D, including textures such as facades. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The Irish town of Westport was added to Google Earth in 3D on January 16th, 2008. Westport ( is a Town in County Mayo in Ireland. It is situated on the west coast of Ireland, at the south-east corner of Clew Bay The 'Westport3D' model was created by 3D imaging firm AM3TD using long-distance laser scanning technology and digital photography and is the first such model of an Irish town to be created. As it was developed initially to aid Local Government in carrying out their town planning functions it includes the highest resolution photo-realistic textures to be found anywhere in Google Earth. Three-dimensional renderings are available for certain buildings and structures around the world via Google's 3D Warehouse[8] and other websites.

Recently, Google added a feature that allow users to monitor traffic speeds at loops located every 200 yards in real-time.

in version 4. 3 released on April 15 2008, Google Street View was fully integrated into the program allowing the program to provide an on the street level view in many locations. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Google Street View is a feature of Google Maps and Google Earth that provides 360° Panoramic street-level views and allows users to view parts of selected

Sky mode

Google Earth in Sky Viewing Mode in Windows Vista
Google Earth in Sky Viewing Mode in Windows Vista

In version 4. 2, released August 22, 2007, Google Earth added a Sky tool for viewing stars and astronomical images. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [9]

Google Sky is produced by Google through a partnership with the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope. Google Sky is a Feature for Google 's Google Earth and an online sky/outer space viewer at http//www Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online The Space Telescope Science Institute ( STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST in orbit since 1990 and for the James The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST; also known colloquially as "the Hubble" or just "Hubble" is a space telescope that was carried into Dr. Alberto Conti and his co-developer Dr. Alberto Conti (born September 27, 1966) is an Italian astrophysicist in the Community Missions Office at the Space Telescope Science Carol Christian of the Space Telescope Science Institute plan to add the public images from 2007,[10] as well as color images of all of the archived data from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. Carol Christian (born December 28, 1950) is an American Astronomer, Educator, and Information technologist. Newly released Hubble pictures will be added to the Google Sky program as soon as they are issued. New features such as multi-wavelength data, positions of major satellites and their orbits as well as educational resources will be provided to the Google Earth community and also through Christian and Conti's website for Sky. Also visible on Sky mode are constellations, stars, galaxies and animations depicting the planets in their orbits. A real-time Google Sky mashup of recent astronomical transients, using the VOEvent protocol, is being provided by the VOEventNet collaboration. In Web development, a mashup is a Web application that combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool an example is the use of cartographic VOEvent is a standardized language used to report observations of astronomical events it was officially adopted in 2006 by the International Virtual Observatory Google's Earth maps are being updated each 5 minutes.

Google Sky will soon face competition [1] from the upcoming product WorldWide Telescope from Microsoft, anticipated soon [11]. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer

On March 13, 2008 Google made a web-based version of Google Sky available at http://www.google.com/sky/. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Street View

Main article: Google Street View

On April 15, 2008 with version 4. Google Street View is a feature of Google Maps and Google Earth that provides 360° Panoramic street-level views and allows users to view parts of selected Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 3, Google fully integrated its Street View into Google Earth. Google Street View is a feature of Google Maps and Google Earth that provides 360° Panoramic street-level views and allows users to view parts of selected

Google Street View provides 360° panoramic street-level views and allows users to view parts of selected cities and their surrounding metropolitan areas at ground level. When it was launched on May 25, 2007 for Google Maps, only five cities were included. Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services It has since expanded to more than 40 U. S. cities, and includes the suburbs of many, and in some cases, other nearby cities.

Google Street View, when operated, displays photos that were previously taken by a camera mounted on an automobile, and can be navigated by using the mouse to click on photograph icons displayed on the screen in your direction of travel. Using these devices, the photos can be viewed in different sizes, from any direction, and from a variety of angles.

Wikipedia and Panoramio integration

In December 2006 Google Earth added a new layer called "Geographic Web" that includes integration with Wikipedia and Panoramio. ***************************************************************************************** * * Panoramio is a geolocation-oriented Photo sharing website Currently some of the photos uploaded to the site can be accessed as a layer in Google Earth In Wikipedia, entries are scraped for coordinates via the Coord templates. If the options to show Wikipedia or Panoramio entries are selected, users will be presented with clickable dots in their current Google Earth view. When any of these dots are selected, the user will be shown the Wikipedia or Panoramio entry right in Google Earth. There is also a community-layer from the project Wikipedia-World. More coordinates are used, different types are in the display and different languages are supported than the built-in Wikipedia layer. See: *dynamic resp. static layer. Google announced on May 30, 2007 that it is acquiring Panoramio. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Panoramio is a geolocation-oriented Photo sharing website Currently some of the photos uploaded to the site can be accessed as a layer in Google Earth [12]

Influences

The Google Earth interface bears a noted similarity to the ‘Earth’ program described in Neal Stephenson’s sci-fi classic Snow Crash. Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer known primarily for his Science fiction works in the Postcyberpunk genre Snow Crash is Neal Stephenson 's third Novel, published in 1992 Indeed, a Google Earth co-founder claimed that Google Earth was modeled after Snow Crash, [13] while another co-founder said it was inspired by Powers of Ten. Powers of Ten is a 1977 short Documentary film written and directed by Ray Eames and her husband Charles Eames. [14] In fact Google Earth was at least partly inspired by a Silicon Graphics demo called "From Space to in Your Face" which zoomed from space into the Swiss Alps then into the Matterhorn [15]. Silicon Graphics Inc (commonly initialised to SGI, historically sometimes referred to as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) is a company The Swiss Alps (Schweizer Alpen Alpes suisses Alpi svizzere Alps svizras are the central portion of the Alps Mountain range that lies within "Cervino" redirects here For the Italian town see Cervino (CE. This was a launch demo for the Infinite Reality[16] which supported Clip Mapping and was inspired by the hardware texture paging capability (although it did not use the Clip Mapping) and "Powers of Ten". Clipmapping is a method of clipping a Mipmap to a subset of data pertinent to the geometry being displayed The first Google Earth implementation called Earth Viewer emerged from Intrinsic Graphics as a demonstration of Chris Tanner's software based implementation of a Clip Mapping texture paging system and was spun off as Keyhole Inc. Vicarious Visions is a Video game developer. It was founded by brothers Karthik and Guha Bala while in high school circa 1990. Clipmapping is a method of clipping a Mipmap to a subset of data pertinent to the geometry being displayed Earth Viewer was the inevitable ultimate realization of the capabilities of a seamless texture paging system and many of the individuals working on Earth Viewer were Silicon Graphics alumni.

Specifications

Google Earth is unlikely to operate on older hardware configurations. The most recent downloads available document these minimum configurations:

The most likely mode of failure is insufficient video RAM: the software is designed to warn the user if their graphics card is not able to support Earth (this often occurs due to insufficient Video RAM or buggy graphics card drivers). The next most likely mode of failure is Internet access speed. Except for the very patient, broadband Internet (Cable, DSL, T1, etc. Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just Broadband, is high-speed Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access over a Modem ) is required.

Mac version

A version for Mac OS X was released on January 10, 2006, and is available for download from the Google Earth website. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. With a few exceptions noted below, the Mac version appears to be stable and complete, with virtually all the same functionality as the original Windows version.

Screenshots and an actual binary of the Mac version had been leaked to the Internet on December 8, 2005. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The leaked version was significantly incomplete. Among other things, neither the Help menu nor its "Display License" feature worked, indicating that this version was intended for Google's internal use only. Google released no statement regarding the leak.

Currently, the Mac version runs only under Mac OS X version 10.4 or later. Mac OS X version 104 “Tiger” was the fifth major release of Mac OS X, Apple’s desktop and server Operating system for Macintosh There is no embedded browser and no direct interface to Gmail. Gmail, officially Google Mail in Germany and the United Kingdom is a free POP3 and IMAP There are a few bugs concerning the menu bar when switching between applications and a few bugs concerning annotation balloons and printing.

From version 4. 1. 7076. 4558 (released on May 9, 2007) onward, Mac OS X users can now, among other new features, upgrade to the "Plus" version via an option in the Google Earth menu. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [19] Some users reported difficulties with Google Earth crashing in the latest version when zooming in. [20]

Linux version

Starting with the version 4 beta, Google Earth functions under Linux, as a native port using the Qt-toolkit. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Qt (pronounced "cute" by its creators is a Cross-platform application development framework widely used for the development of GUI programs (in which It is proprietary software specifically in order to impose Digital Rights Management, and the Free Software Foundation consider one of the High Priority Free Software Projects to develop a free compatible client for Google Earth. Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders The Free Software Foundation ( FSF) is a Non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the Free software movement The Free Software Foundation ( FSF) is a Non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the Free software movement

Minimum System Requirements[21]
  • Ubuntu 5. Ubuntu Kubuntu Edubuntu Xubuntu Gobuntu --> Ubuntu 10/6. 06/6. 10/7. 04/7. 10/8. 04
  • SUSE 10. SUSE (ˈsuːsə German ˈzuːzə is a major retail Operating system, produced worldwide and supported by Novell Inc 1/10. 2/10. 3
  • Fedora Core 4/5/6/7
  • Linspire 5. The Fedora Operating system is an RPM -based general purpose Linux distribution, developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored Linspire, previously known as LindowsOS, was a commercial Operating system based on Debian GNU/Linux and later Ubuntu. 1
  • Gentoo 2006. The Gentoo Linux Operating system (ˈdʒɛntuː is a Linux distribution based on the Portage Package management system. 0
  • Debian 3. Debian ( pronounced) is a computer Operating system composed entirely of Free and open source software. 1/4
  • Red Hat 9
  • Slackware 11. In Computing, Red Hat Inc ( is a company dedicated to Free and open source software, and a major Linux distribution vendor Slackware is an Operating system created by Patrick Volkerding of Slackware Linux Inc 0
  • FreeBSD 6. FreeBSD is a Unix-like free Operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD branch through 1/7. 0 with Linux Emulation
  • Arch Linux 0. Arch Linux (or Arch) is an independently developed Operating system intended to be lightweight and simple 7. 2 Duke
  • Xandros 3. Xandros is both the name of a line of Operating systems and Xandros Corporation, the company which creates them 0. 3 Business Edition
  • Mandriva 2007
  • Sabayon Linux 3. Mandriva SA is a publicly traded (symbolMDKFF Linux and Open source Software company with its headquarters in Paris, France and Sabayon Linux or SabayonLinux (formerly known as RR4 Linux/RR64 Linux, is a Gentoo -based Operating system created by Fabio Erculiani and produced in 26
  • PCLinuxOS 5. PCLinuxOS, often abbreviated as PCLOS, is a Desktop Operating system. 0

Resolution and accuracy

The Isles of Scilly, showing the very low resolution of some islands. The islands (green area) are about 10 km across.49°56′10.81″N 6°19′22.88″W / 49.9363361, -6.3230222 (Low resolution Isles of Scilly)
The Isles of Scilly, showing the very low resolution of some islands. The islands (green area) are about 10 km across. 49°56′10.81″N 6°19′22.88″W / 49.9363361, -6.3230222 (Low resolution Isles of Scilly)
The west side of Gibraltar, tilted view showing the sea rising up the Rock of Gibraltar - claimed altitude of the sea just off the beach at Elliots Memorial, 252 m. 36°6′59.6″N 5°21′5.2″W / 36.116556, -5.351444 (Water altitude problem in Google Earth)
The west side of Gibraltar, tilted view showing the sea rising up the Rock of Gibraltar - claimed altitude of the sea just off the beach at Elliots Memorial, 252 m. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar The Rock of Gibraltar (sometimes called the Pillar of Hercules or by its Latin name Calpe) is a Monolithic Limestone Promontory 36°6′59.6″N 5°21′5.2″W / 36.116556, -5.351444 (Water altitude problem in Google Earth)

Most land areas are covered in satellite imagery with a resolution of about 15 m per pixel. Some population centers are also covered by aircraft imagery (orthophotography) with several pixels per meter. An orthophoto or orthophotograph is an aerial photograph that has been geometrically corrected ("orthorectified" such that the scale of the photograph Oceans are covered at a much lower resolution, as are a number of islands; notably, the Isles of Scilly off southwest England, are at a resolution of about 500 m or less. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland These pictures are provided by Terrametrics.

Google has resolved many inaccuracies in the vector mapping since the original public release of the software, without requiring an update to the program itself. An example of this was the absence from Google Earth's map boundaries of the Nunavut territory in Canada, a territory that had been created on April 1, 1999; this mistake was corrected by one of the data updates in early 2006. Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Recent updates have also increased the coverage of detailed aerial photography, particularly in certain areas of western Europe, though not including Ireland where imagery remains extremely limited.

The images are not all taken at the same time, but are generally current to within three years. Image sets are sometimes not correctly stitched together. Updates to the photographic database can occasionally be noticed when drastic changes take place in the appearance of the landscape, like for example Google Earth's incomplete updates of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina, or when placemarks appear to shift unexpectedly across the Earth's surface. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States Though the placemarks have not in fact moved, the imagery is composed and stitched differently. Such an update to London's photography in early 2006 created shifts of 15-20 metres in many areas, noticeable because the resolution is so high.

Place name and road detail vary greatly from place to place. They are most accurate in North America and Europe, but regular mapping updates are improving coverage elsewhere.

Errors sometimes occur due to the technology used to measure the height of terrain; for example, tall buildings in Adelaide cause one part of the city to be rendered as a small mountain, when it is in fact flat. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a The height of the Eiffel Tower creates a similar effect in the rendering of Paris. The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel /tuʀ ɛfɛl/ is an Iron Tower built Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Also, elevations below sea level are presented as sea level; i. e. Salton City, California; Death Valley; and the Dead Sea are all listed as 0 m when Salton City is −38 m; Death Valley is −86 m; and the Dead Sea is −420 m. Salton City is a Census-designated place (CDP in Imperial County, California, United States. Badwater is a basin in California 's Death Valley, noted as the lowest point in North America, with an Elevation of below sea The Dead Sea (יָם הַ‏‏מֶ‏ּ‏לַ‏ח, "Sea of Salt"البَحْر المَيّت, "Dead Sea" is a salt lake between

Where no 3 arc second digital elevation data was available, the three dimensional images covering some areas of high relief are not at all accurate, but most mountain areas are now well mapped. A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60 of one degree. A digital elevation model ( DEM) is a Digital representation of ground Surface Topography or Terrain. The underlying digital elevation model has been placed 3 arc seconds too far north and up to 3 arc seconds too far west. A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60 of one degree. This means that some steep mountain ridges incorrectly appear to have shadows extending over onto their south facing sides. Some high resolution images have also been misplaced, an example is the image covering Annapurna, which is misplaced by about 12 arc seconds. Annapurna ( Sanskrit, Nepali, Nepal Bhasa: अन्नपूर्णा is a series of peaks in the Himalaya, a -long Massif Elevation data was recently updated to 10-meter (1/3-arc-second) resolution for much of the United States from the previous 30-meter (1-arc-second) resolution.

The "Measure" function shows that the length of equator is about 40,030. The equator (sometimes referred to colloquially as "the Line") is the intersection of the Earth 's surface with the plane perpendicular to the 24 km, giving an error of −0. 112% compared with the actual value of 40,075. 02 km Earth; for the meridional circumference, it shows a length of about 39,963. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 This article is about the geographical concept For other uses of the word see Meridian. 13 km, also giving an error of −0. 112% compared with the actual value of 40,007. 86 km.

On December 16, 2007, most of Antarctica was updated to a 15 m resolution using imagery from the Landsat Image Mosaic of Australia; (1m resolution images of some parts of Antarctica were added in June 2007); however, the Arctic polar ice cap is completely absent from the current version of Google Earth, as are waves in the oceans. A polar ice cap is a high- Latitude region of a Planet or moon that is covered in Ice. The geographic North Pole is found hovering over the Arctic Ocean and the tiling system produces artifacts near the poles as the tiles become 'infinitely' small and rounding errors accumulate. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is subject to the caveats explained below defined as the point in the northern A virtual artifact ( VA) is an immaterial object that exists in the human Mind or in a digital environment for example the Internet, Intranet

Cloud cover and shadows can make it difficult or impossible to see details in some land areas, including the shadow side of mountains.

National security and privacy issues

The software has been criticized by a number of special interest groups, including national officials, as being an invasion of privacy and even posing a threat to national security. The typical argument is that the software provides information about military or other critical installations that could be used by terrorists. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The following is a selection of such concerns:

Blurred out image of the Royal Stables in The Hague, Netherlands.
Blurred out image of the Royal Stables in The Hague, Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands

Some citizens may express concerns over aerial information depicting their properties and residences being disseminated freely. As relatively few jurisdictions actually guarantee the individual's right to privacy, as opposed to the state's right to secrecy, this is an evolving, but minor, point. Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively Perhaps aware of these critiques, for a time, Google had Area 51 (which is highly visible and easy to find) in Nevada as a default placemark when Google Earth is first installed. Area 51 is a nickname for a military base located in the southern portion of Nevada in the western United States

As a result of pressure from the United States government, the residence of the Vice President at Number One Observatory Circle is obscured through pixelization in Google Earth and Google Maps. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Number One Observatory Circle is the Official residence of the Vice President of the United States. Pixelization is a video- and image-editing technique where an image or part of it is blurred by displaying part or all of it at a markedly lower resolution Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services The usefulness of this downgrade is questionable, as high-resolution photos and aerial surveys of the property are readily available on the Internet elsewhere. [33] Capitol Hill used to also be pixelized in this way but this was lifted. Capitol Hill, aside from being a Metonym for the United States Congress, is the largest historic residential Neighborhood in Washington D

Critics have expressed concern over the willingness of Google to cripple their dataset to cater to special interests, believing that intentionally obscuring any land goes against its stated goal of letting the user "point and zoom to any place on the planet that you want to explore".

Finally, empirical research has shown that while Google does allow people to opt-out from personal listings, a vast majority of people can still be geographically located using phone numbers. [34]

Google Earth Community

The Google Earth Community is an online forum[35] which is dedicated to producing placemarks of interesting or educational perspectives. It may be found on the Google Earth webpage or under the Help section on the program itself. After downloading a placemark, it will automatically run Google Earth (if not opened), and fly to the area specified by the person who placed it. Once there, you can add it to your "My Places" by right clicking on the icon and selecting "Save to My Places". Additionally, anyone can post a placemark for others to download; as long as you have an account.

Google Earth also can be used to locate "disasters". Currently a user can find these items within the Google Earth Community. An example is a capsized ship off the shore (69°15′32.22″N 33°14′17.11″E / 69.25895, 33.2380861 (GE Community: Capsized ship)) or a burning car, on A3 autobahn near Gieslenberg, N of Leverkusen, Germany (51°4′47.04″N 6°59′17.77″E / 51.0797333, 6.9882694 (GE Community: Burning car)).

Layers

Google Earth also features many layers as a source for information on businesses and points of interest, as well as showcasing the contents of many communities, such as Wikipedia, Panoramio and YouTube. ***************************************************************************************** * * Panoramio is a geolocation-oriented Photo sharing website Currently some of the photos uploaded to the site can be accessed as a layer in Google Earth YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees Google updates with new layers often, and layers such as Panormio and Google Earth Community are updated daily.

Geographic Web

Roads: Shows the road network for most countries.

3D Buildings: Shows many 3D buildings in major cities, such as New york city or Hong Kong. The City of New York Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders

Street View: Shows placemarks with 360 degree views of many major intersections in cities.

Borders and Labels: Contains borders for countries/provinces and shows placemarks for cities, towns and villages. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division.

Traffic: Shows often updated traffic information.

Weather: Gives a full weather report with a doppler radar and cloud layer, as well as local weather reports. Weather Report was an influential Jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s combining Jazz and Latin jazz with Art music, A doppler radar is a Radar using the Doppler effect of the returned echoes from targets to measure their Radial velocity.

Gallery

Global Awareness: A collection of services spreading global awareness. The layer was provided by Google Earth Outreach. Google Earth Outreach is Google 's program for donating and supporting Non-profit organizations spreading the knowledge of Global awareness.

Points of Interest: A collection of business listings provided by many local services.

Copyright

Currently, every image created from Google Earth using satellite data provided by Google Earth is a copyrighted map. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for Any derivative from Google Earth is made from copyrighted data which, under United States Copyright Law, may not be used except under the licenses Google provides. United States copyright law governs the legally enforceable rights of creative and artistic works in the United States. Google allows non-commercial personal use of the images (e. A non-commercial enterprise is work that values other considerations above and beyond that of making a profit g. on a personal website or blog) as long as copyrights and attributions are preserved. [36] By contrast, images created with NASA's globe software World Wind use the Blue Marble, Landsat or USGS layer, each of which is a terrain layer in the public domain. WorldWind is a free Open source Virtual globe developed by NASA and open source community for use on Personal computers running Microsoft The Blue Marble is a famous Photograph of the Earth taken on December 7, 1972 by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft at The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acquisition of imagery of Earth from space The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Works created by an agency of the United States government are public domain at the moment of creation. This means that those images can be freely modified, redistributed and used for commercial purposes. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer

Google Earth Plus

Google Earth can be upgraded to a Plus edition for a $20 annual subscription fee. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Google Earth Plus is an individual-oriented paid subscription upgrade to Google Earth and adds the following features:

Google Earth Pro

For a $400 annual subscription fee, Google Earth Pro is a business-oriented upgrade to Google Earth that has more features than the Plus version. The Pro version includes add-on software such as:

These used to cost extra, in addition to the $400 fee, but have recently been included in the package. As of January 2008 Google Earth Pro is being updated to have over 400 extra features, the version's cost has been announced to be $1030 USD. [37]

It should be noted that unlike the free version of Google Earth, the professional version does not work on Linux.

Flight Simulator

Since Google Earth v4. 2, a flight simulator has been included as a hidden feature. A virtual Easter egg is an intentional Hidden message or feature in an object such as a movie, Book Depending on the system, it can be accessed by pressing Control+Alt+A, Control+A, or Command+Option+A. The Command key, known as the open-Apple key (as well as just "Apple" in documentation prior to the Apple Macintosh family of computers is a Modifier After this feature has been activated at least once it appears under the tools menu. Since v4. 3 the option is no longer hidden by default. Currently the F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Cirrus SR-22 are the only aircraft that can be used, in addition to a few airports. The SR22, by Cirrus Design, is a high-performance single-engine four-seat composite aircraft [38]

It is also possible to control the simulator with a mouse or joystick, although not all models are currently supported.

Screenshot of "Audioslave Nation"
Screenshot of "Audioslave Nation"

Google Earth in popular culture

Google Earth is regularly shown in the TV program Dog the Bounty Hunter, when a certain felon's house or other location is shown. Audioslave was an American Hard rock supergroup that formed in Los Angeles California in 2001 Dog the Bounty Hunter is a Reality television show on A&E which chronicles Duane "Dog" Chapman's operations at his job Da Kine Bail

Google Earth is used by news channels such as the BBC, ITV, Channel One News, CNN, Citytv, SBS Australia, ESPN, Fox News, Red Televisiva Megavisión, and The Weather Network. News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth The ITV Evening News is the early evening news programme on the British television network ITV1. This article is about the US in-school Television news program Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner This article is about the general Citytv brand Individual stations are listed according to their call signs. The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS is one of two government-funded Australian Public broadcasting radio and television networks, the other being the ESPN, originally an acronym for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, is an American Cable television network dedicated to Red Televisiva Megavisión or simply MEGA, is the first private TV channel of Chile.

Throughout the film Crank, various locations in Los Angeles, where the film's action takes place, are shown with images from Google Earth. Crank is a 2006 action / thriller Film, written and directed by both Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The Google Earth logo can be seen in the bottom right-hand corner of the images.

As a special promotional campaign of a 2006 album Revelations by the American hard rock supergroup Audioslave, there was a fictional utopian island created in Google Earth's South Pacific. Revelations is the third and with the departure of lead vocalist Chris Cornell in February 2007 final studio Album by American Rock The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock SuperGroup is a Reality show on the channel VH1. The show puts together five Heavy metal musicians packed into a large mansion that must play a show after Audioslave was an American Hard rock supergroup that formed in Los Angeles California in 2001 The "Audioslave Nation" continent, a downloadable add-on, had a shape of the band's flame logo designed by Storm Thorgerson. Storm Thorgerson (born 1944 in Potters Bar, which was in Middlesex at the time and is now in Hertfordshire) is an English Graphic designer.

See also

Related information

Google mapping services

Other providers

References

  1. ^ Available in English, Swahili, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese and Traditional Chinese
  2. ^ Google Earth Product Family. This page is a summary of services and tools provided by Google Inc Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services DigitalGlobe, of Longmont Colorado, USA, is a privately held commercial vendor of space imagery and geospatial content and operator of civilian Image resolution describes the detail an Image holds The term applies equally to Digital images film images and other types of images Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat was an early pioneer in the commercial utilization of the Earth observation satellite. GeoEye ( (formerly Orbital Imaging Corporation or ORBIMAGE) is a commercial Satellite imagery company based in Dulles Virginia GlobeXplorer is an online spatial data company that compiles and distributes aerial photos satellite imagery and map data from their online spatial archives Pictometry International is a Rochester New York -based company that provides detailed Aerial photography. Spot Image a public limited company created in 1982 by the French Space Agency Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES the IGN, and Space Manufacturers ( Matra TerraLook is a free bilingual user-controlled satellite image accessibility and viewing tool that utilizes a Georeferenced JPEG file format ViewGL is a downloadable program developed by Aerials Express that provides updated aerial photography content through Google Earth. The fr '''Centre National d'Études Spatiales''' ( CNES) is the French government Space agency (administratively a "public establishment of industrial and commercial Microsoft Virtual Earth is a geospatial mapping platform produced by Microsoft. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  3. ^ Media Coverage of Geospatial Platforms. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  4. ^ Google Earth Coverage: Maps showing a visual representation of Google Earth coverage
  5. ^ Google Earth Community: Nov. 23rd - Thanksgiving Day imagery update.
  6. ^ Skyscraper News Google Earth
  7. ^ infopot.tk
  8. ^ 3D Warehouse
  9. ^ Explore the sky with Google Earth. Google (2007-08-22). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
  10. ^ Celestial add-on points Google Earth at the stars - tech - 22 August 2007 - New Scientist Tech
  11. ^ Microsoft To Announce WorldWide Telescope On February 27, TechCrunch, Feb. TechCrunch is a Blog about Web 20 products & companies many of the posts written by Michael Arrington. 8, 2008
  12. ^ Google is planning to acquire Panoramio. google. com.
  13. ^ Web User - Google Earth interview
  14. ^ Avi Bar-Ze’ev (from Keyhole, the precursor to Google Earth) on origin of Google Earth
  15. ^ Google Earth: From Space to Your Face…and Beyond
  16. ^ Infinite Reality Technical Report
  17. ^ GE Projection
  18. ^ Google Earth
  19. ^ Google Earth 4.2.180.1134 - MacUpdate.
  20. ^ Google Earth Community: Viewing forum: Google Earth for Mac OS X.
  21. ^ Google Earth
  22. ^ "Kalam Concerned Over Google Earth". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  23. ^ "Google Earth agrees to blur pix of key Indian sites".
  24. ^ "Google Earth Poses Security Threat to India, ISRO Chief seeks Dialogue". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  25. ^ "Google Earth images compromise secret installations in S. Korea". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  26. ^ "Chinese X-file excites spotters". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  27. ^ "From sky, see how China builds model of Indian border 2400 km away". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  28. ^ Message au monde - Message to the world
  29. ^ "Google Earth prompts security fears". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  30. ^ " Aussie Nuclear Reactor on Google Earth". Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  31. ^ "New Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarine Spotted". Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  32. ^ Inside Gaza: 'Resistance is our strategy'
  33. ^ Eyeballing the US Vice Presidential Residence.
  34. ^ "The Creative Reconstruction of the Internet: Google and the Privatization of Cyberspace and DigiPlace".
  35. ^ Google Earth Community: Viewing list of forums
  36. ^ Google Earth Help Center: Can I post images to the web?
  37. ^ Which version of Google Earth is right for you?.
  38. ^ Marco's Blog: Google Earth Flight Simulator

External links

Official and related sites

Placemarks and overlays

Unofficial guides and tips

Tools

Reviews

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