God Save the Queen
Publication of an early version in The Gentleman's Magazine, 15 October 1745. The Gentleman's Magazine was founded in London by Edward Cave in January 1731 Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The title, on the Contents page, is given as "God save our lord the king: A new song set for two voices".
National and Royal Anthem of	Australia (royal)  Canada (royal)  Jamaica (royal)  Bahamas (royal)  New Zealand (national and royal)  United Kingdom (national and royal)
Also known as	God Save the King (when the monarch is male)
Lyrics	Author unknown
Music	Composer unknown
God Save the Queen (instrumental) Problems listening to the file? See media help. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

"God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms; it is the national anthem of the United Kingdom, one of the two national anthems of New Zealand, and the royal anthem of Australia, Canada, the Isle of Man, Belize and Jamaica. A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island A royal anthem is a patriotic song much like a National anthem but specifically praising or praying for a Monarch or royal dynasty For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. In countries not previously part of the British Empire the tune of "God Save the Queen" has also been used as the basis for different patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The authorship of the song is unknown, and beyond its first verse, which is consistent, it has many historic and extant versions: Since its first publication, different verses have been added and taken away and, even today, different publications include various selections of verses in various orders. ^[1] In general only one, or sometimes two verses are sung, but on rare occasions three. ^[2] One or two bars may also form a part of the Vice Regal Salute in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom. In the Commonwealth Realms a Vice Regal Salute is a short piece of music played in front of a Governor-general, Governor or Lieutenant governor A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch The words of the song, like its title, are adapted to the gender of monarch, with "King" replacing "Queen", "he" replacing "she", and so forth, when a king reigns. In the United Kingdom, the last line of the third verse is also changed (see below).

History

The origin of the tune is surrounded by uncertainty, myth and speculation. In The Oxford Companion to Music, Percy Scholes devotes about four pages to this subject,^[3] pointing out the similarities to an early plainsong melody, although the rhythm is very distinctly that of a galliard, and he gives examples of several such dance tunes that bear a striking resemblance to "God Save the King/Queen". The Oxford Companion to Music is a popular music reference book in the series of Oxford Companions produced by the Oxford University Press Percy Alfred Scholes (1877&ndash1958 was an English musician journalist and prolific writer whose best-known achievement was his compilation of the first edition of For the band see " Plainsong (band " For the song on The Cure's 1989 album see " Disintegration " The galliard ( gaillarde, in French was a form of Renaissance dance and music popular all over Europe in the 16th century Scholes quotes a keyboard piece by Dr. John Bull (1619) which has some strong similarities to the modern tune, depending on the placing of accidentals that at that time were unwritten in certain cases and left to the discretion of the player (see musica ficta). John Bull (1562 or 1563&ndash15 March 1628 was an English composer musician and organ builder In Music, an accidental is a Note whose pitch (or Pitch class) is not a member of a scale or mode indicated by the In European music prior to about 1600, musica ficta (from Latin 'false' or 'feigned' music referred to chromatically altered pitches not notated in the He also points to several pieces by Henry Purcell, one of which includes the opening notes of the modern tune, set to the words "God Save The King". Henry Purcell (ˈpɜrsəl 10 September 1659 (? – 21 November 1695 was an English Baroque Composer.

The first definitive published version of the present tune appeared in 1744 in Thesaurus Musicus, as a setting of the familiar first verse, and the song was popularised in Scotland and England the following year, with the landing of Charles Edward Stuart. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below It was recorded as being sung in London theatres in 1745, with, for example, Thomas Arne writing a setting of the tune for the Drury Lane Theatre. Thomas Augustine Arne (12 March 1710 &ndash 5 March 1778 was an English Composer, best known for the patriotic Rule Britannia!. The Theatre Royal Drury Lane is a West End theatre in Covent Garden, in the City of Westminster, a borough of London.

Scholes' analysis includes mention of "untenable" and "doubtful" claims, as well as "an American misattribution". Some of these are:

• A tale, widely believed in France, that the tune Grand Dieu Sauve Le Roi, was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully to celebrate the healing of Louis XIV's anal fistula. Jean-Baptiste de Lully ( Giovanni Battista di Lulli) (ʒɑ̃batist də lyˈli in French (November 28 1632 &ndash March 22 1687 was a French Composer of Italian Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent An Anal Fistula is an abnormal connection between the Epithelialised surface of the Anal canal and (usually the Perianal skin ^[4] Lully set words by the Duchess of Brinon to music, and the tune was plagiarised by Handel. Translated in Latin under the name Domine, Salvum Fac Regem, it became the French anthem until 1792. ^[5] After the Battle of Culloden, the Hanover dynasty would have adopted this melody as the British anthem. The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian Scholes points out gross errors of date which render these claims untenable, and they have been ascribed to a 19th-century forgery, the Souvenirs of the Marquise de Créquy. Charlotte-Victoire de Froullay de Tessé Marquise de Créquy de Heymont de Canaples d'Ambrières (1699? 1701? 1714? - 1803 was a member of the Créquy family, that counted ^[6]
• James Oswald: He is a possible author of the Thesaurus Musicus, so may have played a part in the history of the song, but is not a strong enough candidate to be cited as the composer of the tune. James Oswald (1711-1769 was a Scots Composer and music publisher
• Dr. Henry Carey: Scholes refutes this attribution, firstly, on the grounds that Carey himself never made such a claim. Henry Carey may refer to Henry Charles Carey (1793&ndash1879 American economist Henry Carey (writer (1687&ndash1743 dramatist and Secondly, when the claim was made by Carey's son (as late as 1795), it was accompanied by a request for a pension from the British Government on that score. Thirdly, the younger Carey claimed that his father had written parts of it in 1745, even though the older Carey had died in 1743. It has also been claimed that the work was first publicly performed by Carey during a dinner in 1740 in honour of Admiral Edward "Grog" Vernon, who had captured the Spanish harbour of Porto Bello (then in Colombia, now Panama) during the War of Jenkins' Ear. Edward Vernon ( "Old Grog") (12 November 1684 &ndash 30 October 1757 was an English naval officer Portobelo (formerly Puerto Bello, also Porto Belo) is a port city in Colón Province, Panama. The War of Jenkins' Ear was a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748

Scholes recommends the attribution "traditional" or "traditional; earliest known version by John Bull (1562–1628)". The English Hymnal (musical editor Ralph Vaughan Williams) gives no attribution, stating merely "17th or 18th cent. The English Hymnal was published in 1906 for the Church of England under the editorship of Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams. Ralph (reɪf Vaughan Williams OM (12 October 1872 &ndash 26 August 1958 was an English Composer of symphonies, Chamber music "^[7]

Use in the United Kingdom

The phrase "God Save the King" has continued to be used quite separately from the song, as seen in this poster from World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

"God Save the Queen" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Like many aspects of British constitutional life, its official status derives from custom and use, not from Royal Proclamation or Act of Parliament. A proclamation (Lat proclamare, to make public by announcement is an official declaration An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. In general only one or two verses are sung, but on rare occasions three. ^[2] The variation in the United Kingdom of the lyrics to "God Save the Queen" is the oldest amongst those currently used, and forms the basis on which all other versions used throughout the Commonwealth are formed; though, again, the words have varied throughout the years. In sport, "God Save the Queen" is usually used as the English national anthem only; while Scotland and Wales have their own anthems. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland There is no official national anthem of Scotland. However there is a complex and on-going social and political dispute amongst many contenders for the title of the nation's ^[8] This only occurs in sports in which the four countries compete independently (eg. Football, Rugby, Cricket, etc. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Rugby football (usually just " rugby " may refer to a number of sports through history descended from a common form of Football developed at Rugby School Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries ). In sports like formula one, or the Olympics, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are usually competing as one nation and therefore "God Save the Queen" is used to represent anyone or any team that comes from the United Kingdom. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games ^[8]

Lyrics in the United Kingdom

The phrase "God Save the King" is much older than the song, appearing, for instance, several times in the King James Bible. ^[9] Scholes says that as early as 1545 "God Save the King" was a watchword of the Royal Navy, with the response being "Long to reign over us". In computing a password is a Word or string of characters that is entered often along with a user name, in modern times usually into a computer system The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) ^[10][11] He also notes that the prayer read in churches on anniversaries of the Gunpowder Plot includes words which might have formed part of the basis for the second verse "Scatter our enemies. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 or the Powder Treason, as it was known at the time was a failed Assassination attempt by a group of provincial English . . assuage their malice and confound their devices".

In 1745, The Gentleman's Magazine published "God save our lord the king: A new song set for two voices", describing it as "As sung at both Playhouses" (the Theatres Royal at Drury Lane and Covent Garden). The Gentleman's Magazine was founded in London by Edward Cave in January 1731 The Theatre Royal Drury Lane is a West End theatre in Covent Garden, in the City of Westminster, a borough of London. WikipediaWikiProject Opera --> The Royal Opera House is an Opera house and major performing ^[12]

Traditionally, the first performance was thought to have been in 1745, when it was sung in support of King George II, after his defeat at the Battle of Prestonpans by the army of the Charles Edward Stuart, son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Jacobite claimant to the British throne, whose forces were mostly Scottish Catholics. George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( The Battle of Prestonpans was the first significant conflict in the second Jacobite Rising. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

It is sometimes claimed that, ironically, the song was originally sung in support of the Jacobite cause: the word "send" in the line "Send him victorious" could imply that the king was absent. Also there are examples of early eighteenth century Jacobean drinking glasses which are inscribed with a version of the words and were apparently intended for drinking the health of King James II. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James

Scholes acknowledges these possibilities but argues that the same words were probably being used by both Jacobite and Hanoverian supporters and directed at their respective kings. ^[13]

Standard version in the United Kingdom

There is no definitive version of the lyrics. However, the version consisting of the following three verses has the best claim to be regarded as the 'standard' UK version, appearing not only in the 1745 Gentleman's Magazine, but also in publications such as The Book of English Songs: From the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century (1851),^[14] National Hymns: How They are Written and how They are Not Written (1861),^[15] Household Book of Poetry (1882),^[16] and Hymns Ancient and Modern, revised version (1982). ^[17] The same version with verse two omitted appears in publications including Scouting for boys (1908),^[18] and on the U.K. Government's "Monarchy Today" website. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[19] At the Queen's Golden Jubilee Party at the Palace concert, Prince Charles referred in his speech to the "politically incorrect second verse" of the National Anthem.

In the United Kingdom, the first verse is the only verse typically sung, even at official occasions, although the third verse is sung in addition on rare occasions, and usually at the Last Night of the Proms. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Proms, more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily Orchestral

Around 1745, the anti-Jacobite sentiment was captured in a fourth verse, with a prayer for the success of George Wade's army then assembling at Newcastle. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland Field Marshal George Wade (1673– March 14, 1748) served as a British military commander and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England These words attained some short-term popularity, although they did not appear in the published version in Gentleman's Magazine:

Lord, grant that Marshal Wade,

May by thy mighty aid,

Victory bring.

May he sedition hush and like a torrent rush,

Rebellious Scots to crush,

God save the King.

This verse was abandoned soon after, and certainly before the song became accepted as the UK national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s. ^[20][21]
Various other attempts were made during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to add verses to commemorate particular royal or national events. For example, according to Fitzroy Maclean, when Jacobite forces bypassed Wade's force and reached Derby, but then retreated and when their garrison at Carlisle surrendered to a second government army led by King George's son, the Duke of Cumberland, another verse was added. Derby (pronounced "dar-bee" /dˈɑːbɪ/ is a city in the East Midlands of England. Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. The Prince William Duke of Cumberland (William Augustus Style and New Style dates|N ^[22] Other short-lived verses were notably anti-French. ^[23] However, none of these survived into the twentieth century. ^[24]

Alternative UK versions

There have been several attempts to improve the song by rewriting the words. In the nineteenth century there was some lively debate about the national anthem and, even then, verse two was considered to be slightly offensive. Notably, the question arose over the phrase "scatter her enemies. " Some thought it placed better emphasis on the respective power of Parliament and the Crown to change "her" to "our"; others pointed out that the theology was somewhat dubious and substituted "thine" instead. Sydney G. R. Coles wrote a completely new version, as did Canon F. K. Harford. ^[25] In 1836, William Edward Hickson wrote four alternative verses. William Edward Hickson ( January 7, 1803 &ndash March 22, 1870) was a British educational writer The first, third, and fourth of these verses are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal (which only includes verses one and three of the original lyrics). The English Hymnal was published in 1906 for the Church of England under the editorship of Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams.

William Hixton's alternative version

William Hixton's alternative (1836) version includes the following verses, of which the first, third, and fourth have some currency as they are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal.

Official peace version

A less militaristic version of the song, entitled "Official peace version, 1919", was first published in the hymn book Songs of Praise in 1925. A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities ^[26] This was "official" in the sense that it was approved by the British Privy Council in 1919. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ^[13] However, despite being reproduced in some other hymn books, it is largely unknown today. A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities ^[27]

Performance in the United Kingdom

The style most commonly heard in official performances was proposed as the "proper interpretation" by King George V, who considered himself something of an expert (in view of the number of times he had heard it). An Army Order was duly issued in 1933, which laid down regulations for tempo, dynamics and orchestration. This included instructions such as that the opening "six bars will be played quietly by the reed band with horns and basses in a single phrase. Cornets and side-drum are to be added at the little scale-passage leading into the second half of the tune, and the full brass enters for the last eight bars". The official tempo for the opening section is a metronome setting of 60, with the second part played in a broader manner, at a metronome setting of 52. ^[28] In recent years the prescribed sombre-paced introduction is often played at a faster and livelier tempo. 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO

Until the latter part of the 20th century, theatre and concert goers were expected to stand to attention while the anthem was played after the conclusion of a show. In cinemas this brought a tendency for audiences to rush out while the end credits played to avoid this formality.

The anthem continues to be played at traditional formal events, particularly those with a royal connection, such as Wimbledon, Royal Ascot, Henley Royal Regatta and The Proms. The Championships Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon, is the oldest Tennis tournament in the world and is widely considered as the most prestigious Ascot Racecourse is an English racecourse located in the village of Ascot, Berkshire used for Thoroughbred horse racing. Henley Royal Regatta is a rowing event held every year on the River Thames by the town of Henley-on-Thames, England. The Proms, more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily Orchestral

The anthem was traditionally played at closedown on the BBC and with the introduction of commercial television to the UK this practice was adopted by some ITV regions. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent BBC Two never played the anthem at closedown, and ITV dropped the practice in the late 1980s, but it continued on BBC One until 8 November 1997 (thereafter BBC1 began to simulcast with News 24 after end of programmes). Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Simulcast is a Portmanteau of " simul taneous broad' cast' " and refers to programs or events broadcast across more than one The tradition is carried on, however, by BBC Radio 4, which also plays the anthem at 0700 on the actual and official birthdays of the Queen and the birthdays of senior members of the Royal Family. If scheduling and time allow, Radio Four often plays the anthem as a transition piece between the end of the Radio Four broadcasting and the move to BBC World Service. The anthem usually prefaces the The Queen's Christmas Message (although in 2007 it appeared at the end, taken from a recording of the 1957 television broadcast), and important royal announcements, such as of royal deaths, when it is played in a slower, sombre arrangement. The Royal Christmas Message (currently coined The Queen's Speech) is broadcast by Queen Elizabeth II to the Commonwealth at Christmas.

Other United Kingdom anthems

Frequently, when an anthem is needed for one of the constituent countries of the UK – at an international sporting event, for instance – an alternative song is used:

• England generally uses "God Save the Queen", but "Jerusalem", "Land of Hope and Glory" and "I vow to thee, my country" have also been used. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland " And did those feet in ancient time " is a short Poem by William Blake from the preface to his epic Milton a Poem (1804 Usage as the national anthem of England See also National anthem of England Land of Hope and Glory has long been traditionally sung amidst much flag-waving I Vow to Thee My Country is a British Patriotic song created in 1921 when a Poem by Cecil Spring-Rice was set to music by Gustav Holst

• At international test cricket matches, England have, since 2004, used "Jerusalem" as the anthem. Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations The England cricket team is the national cricket team which represents England and Wales.
• At international rugby league matches, England have used "Land of Hope and Glory", but in the 2005 internationals changed to "God Save the Queen". History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games

• Scotland uses either "Flower of Scotland" or "Scotland the Brave", depending on the occasion. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Flower of Scotland (Flùr na h-Alba is by tradition the National anthem of Scotland, a role for which it competes against the older Scotland " Scotland the Brave " ( Scottish Gaelic: Alba an Aigh) is a patriotic song and one of the main contenders to be considered as a National anthem of Scotland
• Wales has its own official anthem: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau ("Land of My Fathers"). "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" (heːn ˈwlaːd vəˈn̥adaɨ usually translated as "Land of My Fathers" ( dear country of my fathers) is by tradition the National
• Northern Ireland most frequently uses "God Save the Queen" at events associated with the British tradition, and the Irish national anthem Amhrán na bhFiann ("The Soldiers' Song") at events associated with the Irish tradition. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of ga '''''Amhrán na bhFiann''''' ( is the National anthem of Ireland. Additionally, "Londonderry Air" ("Danny Boy") is a popular cross-community anthem. The Londonderry Air is an Anthem of Northern Ireland. It is also popular among the Irish diaspora and very well known throughout the world " Danny Boy " is a song whose lyrics are set to the Irish tune Londonderry Air.

• In international rugby union, Ireland (a team representing both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) uses "Ireland's Call", a song which attempts to unite the two traditions on the island. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Ireland's Call is a song commissioned by the Irish Rugby Football Union for use at international Rugby union fixtures (featuring the Ireland national The song is sung at Ireland's home and away games. In addition, Amhrán na bhFiann is played at home matches in the Republic. ga '''''Amhrán na bhFiann''''' ( is the National anthem of Ireland.

• "The Song of the Western Men" (otherwise known as Trelawny) has popularly been considered to be the Cornish anthem, and is sung at Cornish rugby matches and events such as Saint Piran's day and other Cornish gatherings. "The Song of the Western Men" was written by Robert Stephen Hawker, and is better known in Cornwall, and overseas by the title of "Trelawny" Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar The Cornwall Rugby Football Union (CRFU was formed in 1883 It is a union of 39 rugby clubs which includes every Cornish rugby union club the open age Cornwall representative For the coastal town However some Cornish nationalists argue that Bro Goth Agan Tasow, which is in Cornish rather than English, should be adopted. The Cornish self-government movement (sometimes referred to as Cornish nationalism) is a Social movement which seeks greater autonomy for the area of Bro Goth Agan Tasow ("Dear Land of Our Fathers" is one of the Anthems of Cornwall. For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words. This is the anthem used by the Gorsedh Kernow for the last 75 plus years ("The Land of My Fathers", but literally, "Old Country of my Fathers"), and has a similar tune to the Welsh National anthem and the Breton|Breizh anthem. Gorseth Kernow is a non-political Cornish organisation which exists to maintain the national Celtic spirit of the County of Cornwall in Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Bro Goth Agan Tasow is not heard as often due to it being sung in Cornish. Those who prefer an anthem in English also sometimes use "Hail to the Homeland". Hail to the Homeland is one of the unofficial Anthems of Cornwall.
• Recently the British and Irish Lions rugby union tour used the song "The Power of Four", but this anthem was especially designed for the tour. The British and Irish Lions (until 2001 known as the British Isles Rugby Union Team or "British Lions" Rugby union side comprises a pick of the best players from " The Power of Four " is a joint anthem for the four Home Nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (where Ireland refers
• In April 2007 there was an Early Day Motion, number 1319, to the UK Parliament to propose that there should be a separate England anthem: "That this House . An early day motion (EDM in the Westminster system, is a motion tabled by Members of Parliament for debate "on an early day" The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories . . believes that all English sporting associations should adopt an appropriate song that English sportsmen and women, and the English public, would favour when competing as England". An amendment (EDM 1319A3) was proposed by Evan Harris that the song "should have a bit more oomph than God Save the Queen and should also not involve God. Evan Leslie Harris MB ChB MP (born 21 October 1965) is a British Liberal Democrat politician "^[29]

Use in other Commonwealth countries

"God Save the King/Queen" was exported around the world via the expansion of the British Empire, serving as each country's national anthem. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Throughout the Empire's evolution into the Commonwealth of Nations, the song remained in use in some of the states which became independent kingdoms in personal union with the United Kingdom, either as one of the official national anthems, such as in New Zealand,^[30] or as an official royal anthem, as is the case in Canada, Australia, Jamaica and the Isle of Man, to be played during formal ceremonies involving national royalty or vice-royalty; in Australia, the song has standing through a Royal Proclamation issued by Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen on 19 April 1984. A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island A royal anthem is a patriotic song much like a National anthem but specifically praising or praying for a Monarch or royal dynasty Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Sir Ninian Martin Stephen KG AK GCMG GCVO KBE QC (born 15 June 1923 was the 20th Governor-General of Australia Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) ^[31] For modern Commonwealth Realms it has become analogous to the American presidential anthem, Hail to the Chief. A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch "Hail to the Chief" is the official anthem of the President of the United States. Two or three bars form a part of the Vice Regal Salute played either for Governors-General, Governors, or Lieutenant-Governors. In the Commonwealth Realms a Vice Regal Salute is a short piece of music played in front of a Governor-general, Governor or Lieutenant governor The term governor general or governor-general refers to a vice-regal representative of a Monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government A Lieutenant Governor is a high officer of state whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction

Use in Canada

In Canada "God Save the Queen" has not been adopted as the Royal Anthem by statute or proclamation, however it has come to be used as such through convention, and is sometimes sung together with "O Canada" at public events. "O Canada" is the National anthem of Canada. The song was originally commissioned by the then Lieutenant Governor of Quebec the Honourable Théodore ^[32] The Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces regulates that "God Save the Queen" be played as a salute to the monarch and other members of the Canadian Royal Family, though it may also be used as a hymn, or prayer. TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy of TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy of The words are not to be sung when the song is played as a military salute. ^[33]

Queen Elizabeth II stipulated that the arrangement in G major by Lieutenant Colonel Basil H. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Brown be used in Canada. The authorised version to be played by pipe bands is Mallorca. A pipe band is a musical ensemble consisting of pipers and Drummers The term used by military pipe bands Pipes and Drums, is also common Majorca ( Spanish and Mallorca is the largest island of Spain. ^[33]

Canadian lyrics

As "God Save the Queen" is the unofficial Royal Anthem of Canada,^[34] the first verse has been translated into French for use in that country, as shown below. A royal anthem is a patriotic song much like a National anthem but specifically praising or praying for a Monarch or royal dynasty Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

Dieu protège la reine

De sa main souveraine!

Vive la reine!

Qu'un règne glorieux,

Long et victorieux

Rende son peuple heureux.

Vive la reine!

A bilingual verse was often sung in Canada on Remembrance Day:

Dieu sauve notre reine,

Notre glorieuse reine,

Vive la reine!

Send her victorious,

Happy and glorious,

Long to reign over us,

God Save the Queen!

As sung in English in Canada, God Save the Queen has an additional English verse, sung after the first or second verse, which is also given below. Remembrance Day also known as Poppy Day, Armistice Day (the event it commemorates or Veterans Day is a day to commemorate the In general use in Canada, however, only the first verse is sung.

Our loved Dominion bless

With peace and happiness

From shore to shore;

And let our Empire be

Loyal, united, free

True to herself and Thee

God save the Queen.

Further information: Canadian royal symbols

Use in New Zealand

The New Zealand national anthems are "God Save The Queen" and "God Defend New Zealand"; however, "God save the Queen" is generally only played when the Sovereign or other member of the Royal Family is present, or on certain occasions such as ANZAC Day. A number of royal symbols exist in Canada, reflecting the country's status as a Constitutional monarchy.

In New Zealand, the second more militaristic verse is replaced with Hixtons verse "Nor in this land alone. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island . . " (often sung as Not in this land alone"), otherwise known as a "Commonwealth verse". However, that verse is primarily used only when the anthem is played past the first verse.

Use elsewhere

"God Save the King" was the first song to be used as a national anthem, although the Netherlands' national anthem, the Wilhelmus, is older. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Het Wilhelmus ( ( English Translation: The William) is the National anthem of the Netherlands and is the oldest national anthem in Its success prompted a number of imitations, notably in France and, later, Germany. Both commissioned their own songs to help construct a concrete national(ist) identity. The first German national anthem used the melody of "God Save the King" with the words changed to Heil dir im Siegerkranz, and sung to the same tune as the UK version. Heil dir im Siegerkranz ( German: "Hail to Thee in Victor's Crown" was from 1871 to 1918 the unofficial National anthem of the German Empire The tune was either used or officially adopted as the national anthem for several other countries, including those of Russia (until 1833) and Switzerland (Rufst Du, mein Vaterland or O monts indépendants, until 1961). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Rufst du mein Vaterland ( French: « O Monts indépendants » Italian: «Ci chiami o patria» Romansh: «E clomas tger paeis» Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Molitva russkikh, considered to be the first Russian anthem, was also sung to the same music. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

It is also the melody to the United States patriotic hymn "America" (also known by its first line, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee"), and was played during the Presidential Inauguration parade of President George W. Bush on 20 January, 2001. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities " My Country 'Tis of Thee " also known as " America " is an American Patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Inauguration Day is the day every four years on which the President of the United States is sworn in and takes office. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. In Iceland it is sung to the poem of Eldgamla Ísafold. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The tune is also used as Norway's royal anthem entitled Kongesangen, and was used for the Swedish royal anthem between 1805 and 1893, entitled Bevare gud vår kung. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional A royal anthem is a patriotic song much like a National anthem but specifically praising or praying for a Monarch or royal dynasty Kongesangen is Norway 's Royal anthem. The lyrics come in several versions "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. "Bevare Gud vår Kung", literally God Save our King, is a song written by Abraham Niclas Edelcrantz as a song of honour to the King of Sweden.

The tune is still used as the national anthem of Liechtenstein, Oben am jungen Rhein. The Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny doubly landlocked Alpine country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland Oben am jungen Rhein ( Up above the young Rhine) sung to the same tune as God Save the King, is the National anthem of Liechtenstein When England played Liechtenstein in a Euro 2004 qualifier, the same tune was therefore played twice, causing some minor confusion. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football The Liechtenstein national football team is the national football team of Liechtenstein and is controlled by the Liechtenstein Football Association. The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship (or just Euro 2004) was the twelfth edition of the UEFA European Football Championship, a quadrennial football

The melody of "God Save the King" has been, and continues to be, used as a hymn tune by Christian churches in various countries. A hymn tune is a musical composition to which a hymn text is sung Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The United Methodists of the southern United States, Mexico, and Latin America, among other denominations (usually Protestant), play the same melody as a hymn. The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. The Christian hymn "Glory to God on High" is frequently sung to the same tune, as well as an alternative tune that fits both lyrics.

Musical adaptations

Classical composers

In total, about 140 composers, including Beethoven, Haydn and Brahms, have used the tune in their compositions. ^[2]

Johann Christian Bach composed a set of variations on "God Save the King" for the finale to his sixth keyboard concerto (Op. Johann Christian Bach ( September 5, 1735 &ndash January 1, 1782) was a Composer of the Classical era the eleventh and 1) written c. 1763.

Joseph Haydn was impressed by the use of "God Save the King" as a national anthem during his visit to London in 1794, and on his return to Austria wrote a tune to the national anthem, the Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser ("God Save Emperor Franz"), for the birthday of the Emperor Franz of Austria. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (God Save Emperor Francis was an anthem to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of Austria. Francis II (Franz II Heiliger Römischer Kaiser ( 12 February 1768 &ndash 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling The tune of "God Save the King" was later adopted for the Prussian national anthem Heil Dir im Siegerkranz.

Siegfried August Mahlmann in the early 19th century wrote alternate lyrics to adapt the hymn for the Kingdom of Saxony, as "Gott segne Sachsenland" ("God Save Saxony"). Siegfried August Mahlmann ( May 13, 1771 – December 16, 1826) was a German Poet and Editor. The Kingdom of Saxony (Königreich Sachsen lasting between 1806 and 1918 was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic ^[35]

Ludwig van Beethoven composed a set of seven piano variations in the key of C major to the theme of "God Save the King", catalogued as WoO. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. WoO (abbreviation from German ' Werke ohne Opuszahl ' in English ' Works without Opus number ' is a catalogue prepared in 78 (1802–1803). However, he also quotes it in his "battle symphony" Wellington's Victory. Wellington's Victory, Op 91 ( Wellingtons Sieg oder die Schlacht bei Vittoria) is a minor orchestral work composed by Ludwig van Beethoven to commemorate

Muzio Clementi, another composer who used the theme to "God Save the King", placed this theme into his Symphony No. Muzio Clementi (23 January 1752 &ndash 10 March 1832 was a classical Composer, and acknowledged as the first to write specifically for the Piano. A symphony is a Musical composition, often extended and usually for Orchestra. 3 in B major. This work is dubbed the "Great National" and is catalogued as WoO. WoO (abbreviation from German ' Werke ohne Opuszahl ' in English ' Works without Opus number ' is a catalogue prepared in 34.

Franz Liszt wrote a piano paraphrase on the anthem.

Johann Strauss I quoted God Save the Queen in full at the end of his waltz Huldigung der Königin Victoria von Grossbritannien (Homage to Queen Victoria of Great Britain) Op. Johann Strauss I (German Johann Strauß (Vater) born in Vienna, (March 14 1804 &ndash September 25 1849 was an Austrian Romantic The waltz is a ballroom and folk Dance in time, performed primarily in Closed position. 103, where he also quoted Rule, Britannia! in full at the beginning of the piece. Rule Britannia! is a British Patriotic song, originating from the Poem "Rule Britannia" by James Thomson and set to music

Arthur Sullivan quotes the anthem at the end of his ballet Victoria and Merrie England. Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 &ndash 22 November 1900 was an English composer of Irish and Italian descent best known for his operatic Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Victoria and Merrie England is an 1897 ballet by Arthur Sullivan, written to commemorate Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee &mdash a remarkable

Claude Debussy opens with a brief introduction of God Save the King in one of his preludes, Hommage à S. Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer. Claude Debussy 's Préludes are two sets of pieces for solo Piano. Pickwick Esq. P. P. M. P. C. The piece draws its inspiration from the main character of the Charles Dickens novel The Pickwick Papers. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, better known as The Pickwick Papers, is the first novel by Charles Dickens.

Niccolò Paganini wrote a set of highly virtuosic variations on "God Save the King" as his Opus 9. Niccolò Paganini ( October 27, 1782 &ndash

Gioachino Rossini used this anthem in the last scene of his "Il viaggio a Reims", when all the characters, coming from many different European countries, sing a song which recalls their own homeland. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Lord Sidney, bass, sings "Della real pianta" on the notes of "God save the King". Samuel Ramey used to interpolate a spectacular virtuoso cadenza at the end of the song. The American Opera singer Samuel Edward Ramey (born March 28, 1942 in Colby Kansas) is In Music, a cadenza (Italian for cadence) is generically an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist or soloists usually

Rock adaptations

Jimi Hendrix of the The Jimi Hendrix Experience played an impromptu version of "God Save the Queen" to open his set at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter "The Experience" redirects here For other uses of this term see Experience (disambiguation. The 1970 Isle of Wight Festival was held on August 26 - 31, 1970. Just before walking onto the stage, he can be seen (on the DVD) and heard to ask "How does it go again?" in reference to the said UK national anthem. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is He was able just to hear it mimicked by voice and then perform it. His relatively accurate lead-guitar rendition of "God Save the Queen' can be viewed in stark contrast to his performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the Woodstock Festival, 1969. " The Star-Spangled Banner " is the National anthem of the United States of America

The rock band Queen recorded an instrumental version of "God Save the Queen" on their 1975 album A Night at the Opera. Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist A Night at the Opera is a 1975 album by English rock band Queen. is a Song written by Freddie Mercury and originally recorded by the band Queen for their 1975 album ''A Night at the Opera''. Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist A Night at the Opera is a 1975 album by English rock band Queen. It was arranged by guitarist Brian May and features his distinctive layers of overdubbed electric guitars. Brian Harold May, CBE Overdubbing (the process of making an overdub, or overdubs is a technique used by Recording studios to add a supplementary recorded sound to a previously recorded A tape of this version would be played at the end of almost every concert, with Freddie Mercury walking around the stage wearing a crown and a cloak on their Magic Tour in 1986. Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991 was a Zanzibar -born British Musician, best known as the lead The band played "God Save the Queen" at the end of all of their concerts. On 3 June 2002, during the Queen's Golden Jubilee, Brian May performed the anthem on his Red Special electric guitar for Party at the Palace, performing from the roof of Buckingham Palace. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. A Golden Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 50th anniversary of a monarch's reign The Red Special is a Guitar owned and custom-built by Queen guitarist Brian May. An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The Party at the Palace was a Pop concert held in London in 2002. Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch.

A version of "God Save the Queen" by Madness features the melody of the song played on kazoos. Madness are an English pop / Ska band from Camden Town, London, that formed in 1976 The kazoo is a simple Musical instrument ( Membranophone) that adds a "buzzing" timbral quality to a player's voice when one vocalizes into it It was included on the compilation album The Business.

Nickelodeon's The Ren and Stimpy Show parodied the song as The Royal Anthem of the Canadian Kilted Yaksmen. The Ren and Stimpy Show is an American / Canadian animated television series created by Canadian Animator John

References

External links

• Official Royal webpage on the anthem
• Department of Canadian Heritage - Royal anthem page
• God Save Great George our King: - article discussing different versions of the lyrics
• Le 'God save the king' à Saint-Cyr
• Himnuszok - The Himnuszok website has a vocal version of the first three verses of "God Save the Queen". (Hungarian)