Glam metal is a sub-genre of heavy metal music that arose in the late 1970s - early 1980s in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It was a dominant genre in popular rock music throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums.

The genre is also referred to, often by detractors, as hair metal and performed by hair bands. This term was popularized by MTV in the 1990s and derives from the tendency amongst most bands to style their long hair in a teased-up fashion. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. During its heyday, the genre was often referred to as heavy metal or simply metal.

Characteristics

Twisted Sister were typical of the glam metal look with the use of long teased up hair, accessories, metal studs and leather, and makeup during their live performances. Twisted Sister is an American heavy metal band from New York City.

Musically, glam metal songs used distorted guitar riffs based around power chords and catchy hooks over hard-hitting drumming. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm In Music, a power chord (also fifth chord) is a note plus the note a fifth above usually played on Electric guitar. A hook is a Musical idea, often a short Riff, passage or phrase, that is used in popular music to make a Song appealing and to "catch the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Songs featured flashy virtuoso shred guitar solos with heavily effect-processed lead guitar sound. Shred guitar or shred refers to lead Electric guitar playing that relies heavily on fast passages the act of playing fast passages on an electric guitar is termed The overall sound was much more commercial and studio-engineered than earlier styles of metal, such as the rough, noisy sound of the NWOBHM bands, such as Motorhead. The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (frequently abbreviated as NWOBHM) is a heavy metal music movement that started in the late 1970s in Britain, and achieved The vocals had a catchy melody with an anthemic "sing-along" chorus. As well, the vocals were usually sung with a clean tone, in contrast to other metal subgenres such as Death Metal, in which the vocals are usually guttural and distorted. Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics The singing was clean in glam metal as it was a continuation of 70s hard rock. While death metal and other genres with rougher vocals were influenced by punk. Also not all bands had heavily processed guitar solos.

Many glam metal performers became infamous for their debauched lifestyles of late-night parties--widely covered in the tabloid press--, long teased hair (hence the alternative "hair metal" tag) and use of make-up, gaudy clothing (chiefly consisting of tight denim or leather jeans, spandex, leather and headbands), and accessories—traits somewhat reminiscent of glam rock, a music genre which first emerged in the United Kingdom during the early 1970s. Denim is a rugged Cotton Twill Textile, in which the Weft passes under two ( twi- "double" or more warp fibers Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Spandex or elastane is a Synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. Glam rock (also known as glitter rock) is a sub-genre of Rock music that developed in the UK in the post- Hippie early 1970s which was "performed by However, the earlier groups of the genre also implemented some of the leather and studs imagery which had previously been made famous by heavy metal band Judas Priest. Judas Priest are an English heavy metal band formed in 1970 in Birmingham.

Origins (1970s)

The genre took influence heavily from 1970s glam rock and heavy metal bands and some influenced by punk, with large sections taking influence from the likes of AC/DC, Aerosmith, Alice Cooper, David Bowie, Led Zeppelin, Kiss, New York Dolls, Queen, Sex Pistols, Sweet, Van Halen, Slade, Mott the Hoople, T.Rex, Judas Priest, Thin Lizzy and others. AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Aerosmith is an American Hard rock band sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston " and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band" Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American rock singer songwriter and musician whose career spans five David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Led Zeppelin were Kiss (also typeset as KISS) is an American rock band formed in New York City in December 1972 For the self-titled debut album see New York Dolls (album The New York Dolls are an American Glam rock band formed in Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 Sweet (referred to as The Sweet on albums before 1974 and singles before 1975 were a popular 1970s British band. Van Halen is a Hard rock band formed in in 1972 They enjoyed success from the release of their self titled debut album in 1978 Slade are an English Glam rock band Slade were one of the most recognizable acts of the glam rock movement and were at their peak the most commercially popular Mott the Hoople were a 1970s English rock band with strong R&B roots and known for being part of the popular Glam rock scene of the early TRex (occasionally spelled T Rex or T-Rex) were an English rock band fronted by guitarist singer and songwriter Marc Bolan. Judas Priest are an English heavy metal band formed in 1970 in Birmingham. Thin Lizzy are an Irish Hard rock band who formed in Dublin, Ireland in 1969 A few bands had previously experimented with mixing glam rock and heavy metal prior to the 1980s when glam metal emerged as a fully fledged genre. Glam rock (also known as glitter rock) is a sub-genre of Rock music that developed in the UK in the post- Hippie early 1970s which was "performed by Angel, Starz, and Legs Diamond were prime examples of this. Angel are a Glam rock and Heavy metal band from Washington DC, formed in the mid-70s by Punky Meadows and Mickie Jones The rock band Starz was a 1970s heavy metal and Power pop band from New Jersey, United States. Legs Diamond are a Rock and roll band that has often been called "The American Deep Purple" However, it wasn’t until the early 1980s (c. 1981) that the genre truly began to gather speed and thus some of the earlier bands mentioned are not always viewed as part of it.

The first band of the 1980s to truly travel down the make-up and gaudy clothing route was Finnish group Hanoi Rocks. The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to Hanoi Rocks are a Finnish Glam punk band formed in 1979 whose most successful period came in the early 1980s Credited as influences by countless bands, Hanoi Rocks followed the template laid down by hard rock bands of the 1970s and stuck to the make up and garishness of the New York Dolls. In the United States, many fans credited that the movement on the Sunset Strip was kick-started largely by Mötley Crüe and Nikki Sixx's former band London after the earliest years when they started as a glam rock band. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Sunset Strip is the name given to the mile and a half stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through West Hollywood California. Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Nikki Sixx (born Frank Carlton Serafino Feranna Jr December 11, 1958, San Jose California) is an American bassist, This article is about the American band London. For the British band with the same name see London. Glam rock (also known as glitter rock) is a sub-genre of Rock music that developed in the UK in the post- Hippie early 1970s which was "performed by Others assert that it was kick-started by Quiet Riot's Metal Health album when it reached #1 in the billboard music charts in the early 80s (c. Quiet Riot was an American heavy metal band whose 1983 & 1984 success contributed to launching the 1980s Glam Metal Health was the breakthrough album for the American Heavy metal band Quiet Riot and their first record without deceased legendary guitarist 1983). In any event, these bands played a prominent part in the genre's direction and would go on to influence a lot of the bands who formed from the mid-1980s onwards.

During 1981 in England, the same year of Mötley Crüe's formation, Wrathchild, fronted by Rocky Shades, also emerged. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Not to be confused with the Iron Maiden song of the same name This band was known for playing glam metal style music and having a similar image; they also used pyro similar to that of shock rock sections of the genre and would eventually tour with W.A.S.P. in 1984. Shock rock is a wide umbrella term for artists who combine Rock music with elements of theatrical Shock value in live performances WASP is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 and emerged with the L However, Wrathchild did not gain the same level of fame as their Los Angeles contemporaries. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West ^[1]

First wave (1981-1984)

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, heavy metal spawned several sub-genre forms; glam metal became its most popular manifestation. The first wave of glam metal bands included, Quiet Riot, Mötley Crüe, Ratt, Helix, W.A.S.P., Dokken, Twisted Sister, Bon Jovi, Night Ranger and Stryper. Quiet Riot was an American heavy metal band whose 1983 & 1984 success contributed to launching the 1980s Glam Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Ratt is an American Glam metal band that formed in San Diego and enjoyed significant commercial success in the 1980s Helix are a Canadian heavy metal band that formed in 1974 and are best known for their 1984 single "Rock You" WASP is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 and emerged with the L Dokken is an American heavy metal and Hard rock band that was formed in 1978 Twisted Sister is an American heavy metal band from New York City. Bon Jovi is an American Hard rock band from Sayreville New Jersey. Night Ranger is an American Hard rock band from San Francisco California that gained significant popularity during the 1980s with a series of successful Stryper is a Grammy Award nominated Christian metal band from Orange County California, USA. Their music was a bit closer to traditional heavy metal than their younger contemporaries who would eventually emerge, like Cinderella, Warrant and Poison, whose music and image ultimately became synonymous with the genre. Cinderella is an American rock band from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Poison is an American Hard rock band that achieved great success and popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s

From 1981 to 1984 several important albums which would shape the genre, and change the course of music during the 1980s emerged, amongst them were:

• Quiet Riot - Metal Health (March 11, 1983)
• Mötley Crüe - Too Fast for Love (November 10, 1981)
• W.A.S.P. - W.A.S.P. (August 17, 1984)
• Ratt - Out of the Cellar (March 23, 1984)
• Mötley Crüe - Shout at the Devil (September 26, 1983)
• Dokken - Tooth and Nail (September 13, 1984)
• Twisted Sister - Stay Hungry (May 10, 1984)
• Autograph - Sign in Please (1984)
• Def Leppard - Pyromania (January 20, 1983)
• Bon Jovi - Bon Jovi (January 10, 1984)

Around this time and the years following it, bands who had long been an established part of heavy metal and hard rock music during the 1970s and had ironically influenced many of the glam metal bands began to experiment with the genre's stylings, an example of this is Kiss's Lick It Up. Quiet Riot was an American heavy metal band whose 1983 & 1984 success contributed to launching the 1980s Glam Metal Health was the breakthrough album for the American Heavy metal band Quiet Riot and their first record without deceased legendary guitarist Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Too Fast for Love is the debut album of American Glam metal band Mötley Crüe. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 WASP is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 and emerged with the L WASP is the debut eponymous album by WASP, released August 17 1984 (see 1984 in music) Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Ratt is an American Glam metal band that formed in San Diego and enjoyed significant commercial success in the 1980s Out of the Cellar is the breakthrough album by Glam metal band Ratt, released in 1984 (see 1984 in music) Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Shout at the Devil is the second Album by Glam metal band Mötley Crüe, released on September 26, 1983. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Dokken is an American heavy metal and Hard rock band that was formed in 1978 Tooth and Nail is the second studio album by heavy metal band Dokken, released in 1984 through Elektra Records. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Twisted Sister is an American heavy metal band from New York City. Stay Hungry, released on May 10 1984, was the third album released by the heavy metal band Twisted Sister. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Autograph is also the name of a Russian rock band. Autograph was an American Glam metal band from Los Angeles California Sign In Please is the 1984 debut album by the American Rock band Autograph. Pyromania is the third Studio album by British Hard rock band Def Leppard, released in 1983 Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Bon Jovi is an American Hard rock band from Sayreville New Jersey. Bon Jovi is the self-titled debut album by American rock band Bon Jovi, and was released in January 1984 Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Kiss (also typeset as KISS) is an American rock band formed in New York City in December 1972 Lick It Up is an Album by the US Hard rock / heavy metal band Kiss. During the later part of the 1980s, many other acts would follow suit in a similar fashion; Alice Cooper in 1989 with Trash, Aerosmith's Permanent Vacation and Whitesnake with their 1987 self-titled album which featured the massively successful hit "Here I Go Again. Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American rock singer songwriter and musician whose career spans five Trash was the 1989 smash Album by legendary shock-rock singer Alice Cooper. Aerosmith is an American Hard rock band sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston " and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band" Permanent Vacation is the ninth studio Album by American Hard rock band Aerosmith, released in 1987 Whitesnake are an English Hard rock band founded in 1977 by David Coverdale (formerly of Deep Purple) Whitesnake (also known as Serpens Albus in Japan and 1987 in the UK and Europe is the eighth studio album by British Hard " Here I Go Again " is a song recorded by Whitesnake. " Judas Priest's Turbo was released in 1986, during the glam metal "hair band" era. Judas Priest are an English heavy metal band formed in 1970 in Birmingham. Turbo is the 11th album by British heavy metal band Judas Priest. To keep up with the times, Priest adopted a more colourful look and gave their music a more poppy feel by adding synthesisers.

Second wave (1985-1991)

By the mid-1980s, glam metal could be defined by two major divisions. On the mainstream side were bands such as Bon Jovi, whose 1986 album Slippery When Wet was a huge success at Top 40 radio and MTV, as well as the band Europe, whose single "The Final Countdown" hit number one in 26 countries; the bands in this style were and still are described as pop metal. Bon Jovi is an American Hard rock band from Sayreville New Jersey. Slippery When Wet, recorded in Vancouver, Canada, is the third Studio album by Bon Jovi, released on August 18, The Top Forty or Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Europe is a Swedish rock band formed in Upplands Väsby in 1979 under " The Final Countdown " is a rock song written by Joey Tempest for Europe's third studio album The Final Countdown (1986 Similar bands including FireHouse and Winger would surface in the later part of the decade. FireHouse is an American Hard rock band formed in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1989 Winger is an American rock band formed in New York City that gained popularity during the late 1980s and early 1990s

Los Angeles fostered a more insular scene around the Sunset Strip, starting in 1984-1985. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The Sunset Strip is the name given to the mile and a half stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through West Hollywood California. This movement eventually spawned bands such as Poison, Faster Pussycat, London and L.A. Guns. Poison is an American Hard rock band that achieved great success and popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s Faster Pussycat is an American Hard rock band from Los Angeles California formed in 1986 named after the 1965 film Faster Pussycat! Kill! Kill! This article is about the American band London. For the British band with the same name see London. LA Guns is an American rock band whose music is frequently associated with the L Other bands were associated with that scene's style but actually came from outside of Hollywood; Cinderella and Britny Fox, both Philadelphia bands, are prime examples. Cinderella is an American rock band from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Britny Fox is an American Glam metal band from the Philadelphia area initially active from 1985 to 1992 then subsequently reforming in 2001 Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Also in the mid '80s Stryper brought Christian lyrics to glam metal, making Christian metal popular in the process. Stryper is a Grammy Award nominated Christian metal band from Orange County California, USA. Christian metal is a form of Heavy metal music which as well as its many subgenres, contains Christian lyrics and themes

There were also some groups who continued in the style originated by the earlier glam metal bands. King Kobra (which would spawn The Bullet Boys, known most notably for their MTV hits "Smooth Up In Ya" and their cover of "For The Love of Money") is a prime example of this. King Kobra was a Glam metal group founded by drummer Carmine Appice after his tenure with Ozzy Osbourne in 1984

The visual aspects of some glam metal bands became thought of as appealing to music television, particularly MTV when it was launched. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. During the mid-to-late 1980s, glam metal tracks were in heavy rotation on the channel. Glam metal bands often resided at the top of MTV's daily dial countdown, and some of the bands appeared on the channel's shows such as Headbanger's Ball. Headbangers Ball was a Television show about heavy metal and hardcore music airing on MTV2, MTV Australia, MTV The groups also received heavy rotation on radio shows such as KNAC in Los Angeles. KNAC is an internet based Heavy metal music Radio station that carries on the tradition of a former United States, Los Angeles California Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

The second wave of glam metal would prove to be the most commercially successful for the genre as a whole, and enjoyed widespread success during the 1980s, but bands would sometimes find themselves on the wrong side of critics and certain sections of the music industry.

Some of the major albums of 1985-1991 were:

• Mötley Crüe - Girls, Girls, Girls (May 15, 1987)
• Ratt - Invasion of Your Privacy (July, 1985)
• W.A.S.P. - The Last Command (November 9, 1985)
• Poison - Look What the Cat Dragged In (August 2, 1986)
• Cinderella - Night Songs (August 2, 1986)
• Stryper - To Hell with the Devil (October 24, 1986)
• Bon Jovi - Slippery When Wet (August 18, 1986)
• Def Leppard - Hysteria (August 3, 1987)
• Europe - The Final Countdown (May 26, 1986)
• Whitesnake - Whitesnake (April 4, 1987)
• Mötley Crüe - Dr. Feelgood (September 1, 1989)
• Bon Jovi - New Jersey (September 19, 1988)
• Winger - Winger (August 10, 1988)
• Poison - Open Up and Say...Ahh! (May 21, 1988)
• Warrant- Cherry Pie (September 11, 1990)
• Mötley Crüe - Theatre of Pain (June 21, 1985)
• Skid Row - Skid Row (January 24, 1989)

A notable example came in 1987 with the release of Mötley Crüe's Girls, Girls, Girls. Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː For similarly-titled works see Girls Girls Girls. Girls Girls Girls is the fourth studio Album, released on May Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Ratt is an American Glam metal band that formed in San Diego and enjoyed significant commercial success in the 1980s Invasion of Your Privacy is Ratt 's second full length album Beau Hill, who produced their smash debut album returned to helm production on this album WASP is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 and emerged with the L The Last Command is a heavy metal album released by WASP on November 9 1985 Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Poison is an American Hard rock band that achieved great success and popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s Look What the Cat Dragged In is the debut studio album by American Glam metal band Poison, released in 1986 through the Enigma label of Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Cinderella is an American rock band from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Night Songs is Cinderella 's debut album released in 1986 through Mercury Records. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Stryper is a Grammy Award nominated Christian metal band from Orange County California, USA. To Hell with the Devil is the Grammy Award nominated fourth release and third full-length album by the Christian metal and Glam metal Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Bon Jovi is an American Hard rock band from Sayreville New Jersey. Slippery When Wet, recorded in Vancouver, Canada, is the third Studio album by Bon Jovi, released on August 18, Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Europe is a Swedish rock band formed in Upplands Väsby in 1979 under The Final Countdown is the third studio album by the Swedish Hard rock band Europe. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Whitesnake are an English Hard rock band founded in 1977 by David Coverdale (formerly of Deep Purple) Whitesnake (also known as Serpens Albus in Japan and 1987 in the UK and Europe is the eighth studio album by British Hard Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Dr Feelgood is the fifth album by Glam metal band Mötley Crüe, released on September 1, 1989. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Bon Jovi is an American Hard rock band from Sayreville New Jersey. New Jersey is Bon Jovi 's fourth album released on September 13 1988 Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Winger is an American rock band formed in New York City that gained popularity during the late 1980s and early 1990s Winger is the debut Album of the American rock band Winger. The album was released by Atlantic Records in 1988 and it was produced by Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Poison is an American Hard rock band that achieved great success and popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) For the culinary dish see Cherry pie (dessert. For the plant see Heliotropium arborescens. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː Theatre of Pain is the third album by rock band Mötley Crüe, released on June 21 1985 Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Skid Row is the debut album from the American heavy metal band Skid Row, released on January 24, 1989. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Mötley Crüe ( IPA pronunciation: /'mɒtliː For similarly-titled works see Girls Girls Girls. Girls Girls Girls is the fourth studio Album, released on May Before the establishment of Soundscan in 1991, Billboard's album chart was decided by a combination of reports from retailers, wholesalers, and industry professionals, rather than on actual album sales. Nielsen SoundScan is an information system created by Mike Fine and Mike Shalett that tracks sales of music and music video products throughout the United States and Canada See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry As the band related on MTV's Week in Rock, the week that Girls, Girls, Girls peaked at #2 on the Billboard chart, it was actually the highest-selling album of that week. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. However, the industry professionals gave extra weight to Whitney Houston's second album, allowing it to retain the top spot. Whitney Elizabeth Houston' (born August 9 1963 is an American Singer-songwriter, Actress, Film producer, Arranger and former In the band's opinion, the industry simply wouldn’t allow their album to hold the #1 spot. (The band eventually conquered the top spot with their next album, Dr. Feelgood, which became the biggest album of their career. Dr Feelgood is the fifth album by Glam metal band Mötley Crüe, released on September 1, 1989. )

Glam metal continued to grow its fanbase as the 1980s progressed. Def Leppard's 1987 album Hysteria spawned seven successful singles, and eventually sold more than 12 million copies just in the US. This would later become one of the most popular hard rock albums of all time, being one of the most popular albums in the 1980s. Poison's second album Open Up and Say...Ahh! spawned a huge single in "Every Rose Has Its Thorn", and eventually sold eight million copies worldwide. Skid Row would later release their debut album in 1989, although they had been around since 1986 and had a harder hitting sound than many of the other bands in the genre at that point.

Guns N' Roses changed the direction of glam metal in 1987. Guns N' Roses is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1985 They incorporated the sounds of blues and punk into the music, while retaining some of the imagery of glam metal. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Guns N’ Roses became a mega-success in 1988 thanks to singles such as "Welcome to the Jungle" and "Sweet Child o' Mine", and went on to sell millions of albums. " Welcome to the Jungle " is the first track from Guns N' Roses ' debut album Appetite for Destruction, and also on their Greatest Hits album " Sweet Child o' Mine " is a song by the Hard rock band Guns N' Roses. Other bands which arose around this time with similar musical styles are Faster Pussycat, L.A. Guns, Roxx Gang, and Dangerous Toys. Faster Pussycat is an American Hard rock band from Los Angeles California formed in 1986 named after the 1965 film Faster Pussycat! Kill! Kill! LA Guns is an American rock band whose music is frequently associated with the L Roxx Gang were a Glam metal band formed in Largo, Florida in 1985 Dangerous Toys was an Austin Texas -based Hard rock band with a rough sound and often humorous lyrics

A similar movement also emerged in London, England at around the same time. Glam punk (or glitter punk) is a Music genre that mixes elements of Glam rock with Protopunk or Punk rock (and sometimes Garage London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Like Guns N' Roses, these bands were heavily influenced by early rock n' roll and punk rock. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Like Hanoi Rocks, the bands from this English movement such as Dogs D’Amour and London Quireboys didn’t consider themselves heavy metal, but rather as rock n' roll, though they are sometimes incorrectly termed glam metal. The Dogs D'Amour are a Rock band formed during 1983 in London England. The Quireboys are a Hard rock band formed during 1984 in London England with strong ties to Newcastle. Also, around this time British band The Cult moved their music away from their post-punk roots and began playing a more AC/DC influenced sound, touring the United States with Guns N' Roses and then later with Metallica. The Cult are an English rock band which gained a dedicated following in their native Britain with mid-'80s singles like " She Sells Sanctuary " AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in.

During the 2000s the sleaze glam style has returned somewhat thanks to Buckcherry and Brides of Destruction, the latter of which features Nikki Sixx and Tracii Guns. Buckcherry is a Grammy -nominated Los Angeles California Hard rock band formed in 1995. Brides of Destruction are a Hard rock supergroup containing Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe and Tracii Guns of L Nikki Sixx (born Frank Carlton Serafino Feranna Jr December 11, 1958, San Jose California) is an American bassist, Tracii Guns (born Tracy Ulrich on January 20, 1966) is an American Heavy metal guitarist who has played with a number of well-known Newer bands such as Vains of Jenna, Backyard Babies, Hardcore Superstar, and Red Star Rebels are also beginning to gain a lot of recognition. Vains of Jenna are a Sleaze Rock band formed in Falkenberg, Sweden during January 2005 Backyard Babies are a Hard rock / Punk rock band from Nässjö, Sweden. Hardcore Superstar is a Hard rock and Glam metal band from Gothenburg, Sweden. Red Star Rebels are a rock band from the UK. They have toured with bands such as Gilby Clarke, Brides of Destruction, Slunt, L

Decline (1991-1997)

In the early 1990s glam metal's popularity rapidly declined after nearly a decade of success. Several music writers and musicians began to deride glam metal acts as "hair farmers,"^[2][3] hinting at the soon to be popularized term hair metal. Several factors played a role in the decline, including the rise of grunge music from Seattle, changing audience tastes, and the impacts of band breakups and personnel changes.

In the early 1990s, bands from the alternative rock subgenre named grunge, such as Nirvana, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden, started supplanting glam metal's popularity. Nirvana was an American rock band that was formed by singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen Washington. Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle Washington in Pearl Jam is an American rock band that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1990 Like glam metal, grunge was influenced by heavy metal. However, grunge also mixed in elements of hardcore punk and indie rock, such as apathetic or angst-filled lyrics and a stripped-down aesthetic and a rejection of glam metal-style theatrics. Many major labels felt they had been caught off-guard by the surprise success of Nirvana's Nevermind, and had begun turning over their personnel in favor of younger staffers more versed in grunge. Nevermind is the second studio album by the American rock band Nirvana, released on September 24 1991 As MTV shifted its attention to the new style, glam metal bands found themselves relegated more and more often to Headbanger's Ball and late night airplay, and almost entirely disappeared from the channel by early 1994. Given glam metal's lack of a major format presence at radio, bands were left without a clear way to reach their audience.

Another reason for the decline in popularity of the style may have been the changing popularity of the power ballad, a slow, emotional song that gradually builds to a strong finale. The term " power ballad " is a Colloquialism used to describe a type of Song performed (but not necessarily written by a Hard rock or While the use of the power ballad—especially as after a hard-rocking anthem—was initially a successful formula in the late 1980s, audiences eventually lost interest in this approach. From Poison ("Fallen Angel" followed by "Every Rose Has Its Thorn") to Mötley Crüe ("Kickstart My Heart" followed by "Without You"). " Every Rose Has Its Thorn " is a Power ballad / rock song by American Glam metal band Poison. " Kickstart My Heart " is a song by the American rock band Mötley Crüe, originally released on their 1989 album Dr " Without You " is a Power ballad by the American hard rock band Mötley Crüe, originally released on their 1989 album Dr ^[4] Older bands with hard rock/heavy metal roots also used this approach: Whitesnake's 1987 eponymous album introduced a rerecording of "Here I Go Again", which was followed by "Is This Love?", both power ballads (the latter more so than the former). Whitesnake are an English Hard rock band founded in 1977 by David Coverdale (formerly of Deep Purple) " Is This Love " is a Power ballad by Whitesnake, self-titled album released (as per the alternate album title in 1987. ^[5] The decline in glam metal was further compounded by many key 1980s metal bands, glam or otherwise, breaking up or losing significant band members. ^[6]

According to a documentary special called HEAVY:The Story Of Metal that aired on VH1 in 2006 claimed that the 1988 film The Decline Of Western Civilization Part II: The Metal Years played a role in the death of glam metal, in which kids who saw it were disgusted by the excess particularly the scene with W.A.S.P guitarist Chris Holmes. VH1 (known as VH-1 Video Hits One from 1985 to 1994 and VH1 Music First until 2003) is an American Cable television WASP is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 and emerged with the L Chris Holmes can refer to one of the following people Chris Holmes (Firefighter, a Firefighter in Northern Kentucky Chris Holmes (Photographer

Revival (1997-present)

During the late 1990s, however, several glam metal bands of the first and second eras began to assert themselves again, releasing new material. The mainstream popularity of glam metal at this time however was being supplanted by emo rock, post-grunge, and hip hop music. Emo (ˈiːmoʊ is a genre of music that originated from Hardcore punk early on and adopted Pop-punk influences later on in the 2000s when Post-grunge is a subgenre of Alternative rock that emerged in the early 1990s as a derivative of Grunge music. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Since then, new glam metal bands have also formed, and events such as Rocklahoma, television such as VH1 Classic, and new material from bands have helped expose people to the music and create new fans. Rocklahoma (also known as Rock Fever Presents Rocklahoma or Rock Fever) is an annual 1980s-era rock music festival held in Pryor Creek, Oklahoma VH1 Classic is an American Television network started on May 8, 2000.

Bands reform

Mötley Crüe reunited with Vince Neil, and recorded the 1997 album Generation Swine, embarking on a successful U. Generation Swine, is the seventh studio album by American hard rock band Mötley Crüe released on June 24, 1997. S. tour. Poison reunited with C. C. Deville, and embarked on a successful 1999 tour of amphitheaters. A 2000 package tour featuring Poison, Slaughter, Cinderella, and Dokken sold extremely well. Poison is an American Hard rock band that achieved great success and popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s Slaughter is an American Hard rock / Glam metal band formed in Las Vegas Nevada by lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist Mark Slaughter Cinderella is an American rock band from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Dokken is an American heavy metal and Hard rock band that was formed in 1978

In the 2000s, coinciding with the new blood of glam metal bands, more groups from the original movement continue to perform, and others that broke up have reformed. Bands such as L.A. Guns, Ratt,and W.A.S.P. have appeared in package tours together, and Mötley Crüe and Poison are continuing to record material and tour, reaching the upper parts of the Billboard 200 with compilation albums. LA Guns is an American rock band whose music is frequently associated with the L Ratt is an American Glam metal band that formed in San Diego and enjoyed significant commercial success in the 1980s WASP is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 and emerged with the L The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard The Monster Ballads compilation series has sold well, with the first volume peaking at #18 on the Billboard 200. Monster Ballads is the first in a series of Compilation albums that feature popular Power ballads usually from the Glam metal genre The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard

Rocklahoma is an annual festival that takes place in Oklahoma. Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. In 2007, the four day long festival ran from July 12 through 15th and featured such bands as Poison, Ratt (reformed with Stephen Pearcy and missing deceased founding member Robbin Crosby), Faster Pussycat, L. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Ratt is an American Glam metal band that formed in San Diego and enjoyed significant commercial success in the 1980s Stephen Pearcy (born July 3, 1959) is the lead singer of the 80's Glam metal band Ratt. Faster Pussycat is an American Hard rock band from Los Angeles California formed in 1986 named after the 1965 film Faster Pussycat! Kill! Kill! A. Guns, Bang Tango, Vince Neil Band, Twisted Sister, Jackyl, Dokken, Quiet Riot, Britny Fox (reformed), Enuff Z'nuff and Y&T. Bang Tango is an American Funk - infused Hard rock and Glam metal band Vincent Neil Wharton (born February 8, 1961) is the lead singer for American Glam metal band Mötley Crüe. Twisted Sister is an American heavy metal band from New York City. Jackyl is an American rock band formed in 1990. Their sound has been described as a combination of Hard rock, heavy metal, and Southern Dokken is an American heavy metal and Hard rock band that was formed in 1978 Britny Fox is an American Glam metal band from the Philadelphia area initially active from 1985 to 1992 then subsequently reforming in 2001 Enuff Z'nuff is an American Power-Pop-Metal band from Blue Island Illinois (a suburb of Chicago founded by Donnie Vie ( Vocals Y&T (originally known as Yesterday & Today) is a heavy metal band who formed in 1974 ^[7] Warrant and Cinderella will co-headline the festival in 2008 on July 10 through the 13th. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. ^[8]

New bands

By the early 2000s, a handful of new bands began to revive glam metal in one form or another. The British band, The Darkness, was one example, albeit in a more tongue-in-cheek manner that's somewhat reminiscent of early Queen. The Darkness were a multi- BRIT Award -winning British Hard rock / Glam rock band Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist American rockers Buckcherry scored a #1 Mainstream Rock hit with "Lit Up" in 1999. Buckcherry is a Grammy -nominated Los Angeles California Hard rock band formed in 1995. " Lit Up " is a song by Buckcherry, released as the group's first single taken from their debut album Buckcherry. They have continued enjoying success on the pop charts, remaining on the Billboard Top 100 extensively, and have achieved gold certification. Beautiful Creatures, formed by ex-Bang Tango frontman Joe Lesté, signed a major label deal with Warner Bros. Records in 2000. Beautiful Creatures are a hard rock band formed in 2000 and are led by that veteran denizen of the Sunset Strip Joe Leste, who had spent most of the 1980s with Bang Tango is an American Funk - infused Hard rock and Glam metal band In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Warner Bros Records Inc is an American Record label that operates as a wholly owned Subsidiary of Warner Music Group.

The late 90s saw a glam metal makeover for shock rockers Marilyn Manson, whose 1998 release Mechanical Animals displayed frequent and heavy amounts of glamourous attire and a more pop-oriented sound compared to the dark and nihilistic sound of its predecessor, Antichrist Superstar. Shock rock is a wide umbrella term for artists who combine Rock music with elements of theatrical Shock value in live performances Brian Hugh Warner (born January 5, 1969) better known by his Stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American Musician and Mechanical Animals is Marilyn Manson 's third full-length album released on September 15, 1998. Antichrist Superstar (sometimes written as Antichrist Svperstar as an allusion to Latin) is Marilyn Manson's second full-length Marilyn Manson was now a glam rock band, borrowing its visual presentation largely from David Bowie, and from Roxy Music and its contemporaries. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Roxy Music is an English Art rock group founded in the early 1970s by art school graduate Bryan Ferry ( vocals and keyboards) The band also became notorious for frequent substance abuse and obscene sexual actions, reminiscent of 1980s glam acts. Substance abuse is the overindulgence in and dependence of a Drug or other chemical leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual's physical and mental health Obscenity (in Latin obscenus, meaning "foul repulsive detestable" is a term that is most often used in a legal context to

Newer bands, such as Revlon Red, Wig Wam, Murderdolls, Vains of Jenna, Andrew W.K., Hardcore Superstar, Babylon Bombs, Malice in Wonderland, Private Line, Bullets and Octane, Endeverafter, Dirty Penny, and Lordi borrow elements from glam metal. Wig Wam is a Norwegian Hard rock band which is dedicated to Glam metal and imitates the style of typical rock bands from the 1980s movement The Murderdolls are an American Horror punk band founded during 2002 in Hollywood CA, California. Vains of Jenna are a Sleaze Rock band formed in Falkenberg, Sweden during January 2005 Andrew WK (born Andrew Fetterly Wilkes-Krier) ( May 9, 1979) is a Rock musician from the United States. Hardcore Superstar is a Hard rock and Glam metal band from Gothenburg, Sweden. Private Line are a Hard rock and Glam metal band from Helsinki Finland, formed during the mid-1990s (in Jyväskylä, a city in the center of Bullets and Octane are a punk influenced gritty Hard rock band originally from St Endeverafter (typeset as EndeverafteR) is an American rock band from Sacramento California. Lordi is a heavy metal quintet from Finland. The concept for Lordi was devised in 1992 however the band was not formed until 1996 by Tomi Putaansuu (known Such groups have helped carry glam metal elements, largely lyrical and vocal, to modern fans, often with a heavier, more updated sound. Crashdiet was also signed to a major label and have released two albums. Crashdïet is a Hard rock band from Stockholm, Sweden. They are a part of the sleaze metal subgenre of Glam metal. Boston's Damone are another recent glam metal-influenced band who have enjoyed success, having had a song featured on the Madden NFL 2007 soundtrack. Madden NFL 07 is the 2007 edition of the popular Madden NFL series Some unsigned and lesser-known bands of the genre that formed during glam metal's popular years are now being signed to smaller labels such as Perris Records and releasing material.

See also

• Album-oriented rock
• Classic metal
• Glam rock
• Hard rock
• Melodic rock
• List of glam metal bands

References

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