| Giovanni Papini | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 9, 1881 Florence |
| Died | July 8, 1956 (aged 75) Florence |
| Occupation | essayist, journalist, literary critic, poet, novelist |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Writing period | 1903–1956 |
| Genres | prose poetry, fantasy, autobiography, travel literature, satire |
| Subjects | political philosophy, history of religion |
| Literary movement | Futurism Modernism |
Influences | |
Influenced | |
Giovanni Papini (January 9, 1881 - July 8, 1956) was an Italian journalist, essayist, literary critic, poet, and novelist. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction This article refers to a poetic form For the competitive speech event see Prose & Poetry. Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" Travel literature is Travel writing considered to have value as Literature. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Political philosophy is the study of questions about the City, Government, Politics, Liberty, Justice, Property, Rights The History of religions ( Religiongeschichteschule, school of religious history was a 19th century German school of thought which was the first to systematically This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Enrico Corradini (1865 &mdash 1931 was an Italian Novelist Essayist journalist and nationalist political figure Mircea Eliade ( – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion fiction writer philosopher and professor at the University of Chicago Mina Loy ( December 27, 1882 - September 25, 1966) was an Artist, Poet, Playwright, Novelist, Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Literary criticism is the study discussion evaluation and interpretation of Literature.
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Early life
Born in Florence as the son of a modest furniture retailer (and former member of Giuseppe Garibaldi's Redshirts) from Borgo degli Albizi, Papini was baptized secretly to avoid the aggressive atheism of his father, and he lived a rustic, lonesome, and precociously introspective childhood. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. Redshirts is the name given to the volunteers who followed Giuseppe Garibaldi in southern Italy during his Mille expedition to southern Italy but sometimes In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Atheism From that time onwards he felt a strong aversion to all beliefs, to all churches, as well as to any form of servitude (which he saw as connected to religion); he also became enchanted with the impossible idea of writing an encyclopedia wherein all cultures would be summarized. An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge
Trained as a schoolteacher, he taught for a few years after 1899, then became a librarian. The literary life attracted Papini, who founded the magazine Il Leonardo, together with Giuseppe Prezzolini, in 1903, then joined Enrico Corradini's group as co-editor of Il Regno. Giuseppe Prezzolini ( Perugia, 27 January 1882 - Lugano, 14 July 1982) was an Italian journalist editor and Enrico Corradini (1865 &mdash 1931 was an Italian Novelist Essayist journalist and nationalist political figure He started publishing short-stories and essays: in 1903, Il tragico quotidiano ("The Tragic Everyday"), in 1907 Il pilota cieco ("The Blind Pilot") and Il crepuscolo dei filosofi ("The Twilight of the Philosophers"). Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The latter constituted a polemic with established and diverse intellectual figures, such as Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Nietzsche - Papini proclaimed to the death of philosophers and the demolition of thinking itself. Polemics (pəˈlɛmɪks/ /poʊ- is the practice of disputing or controverting religious, philosophical, or political matters Immanuel Kant (ɪmanuəl kant 22 April 1724 12 February 1804 was an 18th-century German Philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg Auguste Comte (full name Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte; 17 January 1798 – 5 September 1857 was a French thinker who is generally credited for having Herbert Spencer ( April 27, 1820 – December 8, 1903) was an English Philosopher; prominent classical liberal Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist He briefly flirted with Futurism and other violent and liberating forms of Modernism (Papini is the character in several poems of the period written by Mina Loy). Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Mina Loy ( December 27, 1882 - September 25, 1966) was an Artist, Poet, Playwright, Novelist,
Before and during World War I
After leaving Il Leonardo in 1907, Giovanni Papini founded Anima together with Giovanni Amendola. Giovanni Amendola ( April 15 1882 – April 7 1926) was an Italian journalist and politician noted as an opponent of Fascism His Parole e sangue ("Words and Blood") essay of the period showed his unequivocal atheism, summoned in his advice:
- Humans: become atheists each and all!. . . God will nevertheless welcome you with all [H]is heart!
Furthermore, Papini sought to create scandal by speculating that Jesus and John the Apostle had a homosexual relationship. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Saint John the Apostle ( Greek Ιωάννης, see Names of John) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation.
He broke off with Prezzolini, co-editor of Anima, and the paper ceased to appear. Papini founded Lacerba, published between 1913 and 1915 (right before Italy's entry into World War I). Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In 1912, he published his best-known work, the autobiography Un uomo finito (tr. The year 1912 in literature involved some significant events and new books An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" : "The Failure").
His 1915 collection of prose poetry Cento pagine di poesia, followed by Buffonate and Maschilità, and the 1916 Stroncature - Papini faced Giovanni Boccaccio, William Shakespeare, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, but also contemporaries such as Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Gentile, and less prominent disciples of Gabriele D'Annunzio. For the Wikipedia guideline regarding editing articles see WikipediaManual of Style. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year William Shakespeare ( baptised ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Benedetto Croce ( February 25, 1866 – November 20, 1952) was an Italian critic idealist Philosopher, and Giovanni Gentile (dʒoˈvɑnni dʒenˈtile May 30, 1875 April 15, 1944) was an Italian neo- Hegelian Idealist Gabriele d'Annunzio ( 12 March 1863 &ndash 1 March 1938) was an Italian Poet, Journalist, Novelist He published verse in 1917, grouped under the title Opera prima. A verse is generally considered to be a single line in a metrical composition e In 1921, Papini announced his newly-found Roman Catholicism, publishing the international bestseller essay Storia di Cristo ("Life of Christ"). The year 1921 in literature involved some significant events and new books Storia di Cristo is a novel by Giovanni Papini, published in 1923
Fascism and later years
After further verse works, he published the satire Gog (1931) and the essay Dante vivo (tr. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human The year 1931 in literature involved some significant events and new books "If Dante Were Alive"; 1933). The year 1933 in literature involved some significant events and new books
He moved towards Fascism, and his beliefs earned him a teaching position at the University of Bologna in 1935 (although his studies only qualified him for primary school teaching); the Fascist authorities confirmed Papini's "impeccable reputation" through the appointment. The term Italian Fascism denotes the totalitarian Fascismo political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 until 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini The University of Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna UNIBO) is one of the oldest continually operating degree-granting universities in the world In 1937, Papini published the first and only volume of his History of Italian Literature, which he dedicated to Benito Mussolini: "to Il Duce, friend of poetry and of the poets", being awarded top positions in academia, especially in the study of Italian Renaissance. Duce is an Italian word meaning Leader or the second derived from Latin word dux of the same meaning of which Duke is a derivation The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th An Antisemite, he believed in an international plot of Jews, applauding the racial discrimination laws enforced by Mussolini in 1938. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When the Fascist regime crumbled (1943), Papini entered the Franciscan convent in Verna. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church
Largely discredited at the end of World War II, he was defended by the Catholic political right. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities His work concentrated on different subjects, including a biography of Michelangelo, while he continued to publish dark and tragic essays. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all He collaborated with Corriere della Sera, contributing articles that were published as a volume after his death. Corriere della Sera ("Evening Courier" is an Italian daily Newspaper (first in sales) published in Milan.
References
- Biography partially taken from the introduction to Gog by Ettore Allodoli
External links
- Article on Papini at Books and Writers
- Article on Papini at Britannica Online
- A website about Giovanni Papini in Italian
- A list of Papini's books translated in English
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