Citizendia

Coordinates: 33°32′00″N 68°25′01″E / 33.55, 68.417

Ghazni

Ghazni

ProvinceGhazni
Coordinates33°32′00″N 68°25′01″E / 33.55, 68.417
Population  (2006)[1]141,000
Area
 - Elevation
2,219 m (7,280 ft)
Time zoneUTC+4:30 Kabul

Ghazni City (Persian: غزنی - Ğaznī) is a city in central Afghanistan, with an approximate population of 141,000 people. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Provinces of Afghanistan (locally recognized as wilayats - ولايت are the primary Administrative divisions of Afghanistan. Ghazni ( Pashto | غزنی is one of the thirty-four Provinces of Afghanistan. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. UTC+430 is used in Afghanistan and in the summer as Time in Iran. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, It is the capital of Ghazni Province, situated on a plateau at 7,280 feet (2,219 m) above sea level. Ghazni ( Pashto | غزنی is one of the thirty-four Provinces of Afghanistan. It is linked by highways with Qalat to the south-west, Kabul to the northeast and Gardez to the east. Qalat ( Pashto / Persian: قلات is a town in southern Afghanistan, the capital of Zabul Province. } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with Gardēz is the capital of the Paktiā province of Afghanistan. [2] The population of Ghazni City is multicultural and multi-ethnic, with approximately 50% Tajiks, 25% Pashtuns, 20% Hazaras, and a small number (5%) of Hindus. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Tajik ( - Tādjīk; UniPers: Tâjik; Cyrillic: Тоҷик is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking people of Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called The Hazāra ( are a Persian-speaking people residing in the central region of Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical [3]

Ghazna and Ghaznīn are the old names for Ghazni.

Contents

History

The minaret of Ghazni, built by Bahram Shah during the Ghaznavids
The minaret of Ghazni, built by Bahram Shah during the Ghaznavids

Ghazni was founded sometime in antiquity as a small market-town and is mentioned by Ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca [4] Ghazni City was a thriving Buddhist center before and during the 7th Century AD. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In 683 AD, Arab armies brought Islam to the nearby regions. 683 is a prime number Events By Place Americas The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Yaqub Saffari from Zaranj reigned over the vast region. Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar or Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari ( 840 - 879) ( was the founder of the Saffarid dynasty in Sistan, with its capital Zaranj is a town in south-western Afghanistan, with a population of approximately 70000 people After the city was rebuilt by Yaqub’s brother, it became the dazzling capital of the Ghaznavid Empire from 994 to 1160, encompassing much of northern India, Persia and Central Asia. The Ghaznavid Empire was a Khorāṣānian Sunni Muslim state founded by a dynasty of Turkic Mamluk. Events By Place Europe Sweyn Forkbeard marries Sigrid the Haughty India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Many iconoclastic campaigns were launched from Ghazni into India, resulting in large scale destruction of ancient temples, libraries and palaces. The Ghaznavids took Islam to India and returned with fabulous riches taken from both Indian princes and temples. Contemporary visitors and residents at Ghazni wrote with wonder of the ornateness of the buildings, the great libraries, the sumptuousness of the court ceremonies and of the wealth of precious objects owned by Ghazni’s citizens.

The city was sacked in 1151 by the Ghorid Ala'uddin but then made into their secondary capital from 1173. The Ghurids (or Ghorids; self-designation Shansabānī) ( were a Persian Sunni - Ismaili Muslim dynasty in Khorasan It again flourished but only to be permanently devastated, this time in 1221 by the Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by his son Ögedei Khan. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Ögedei Khan, (Өгэдэй Ögedei; also Ogotai or Oktay, 窩闊臺 c [5]

Ghazni City is famous for its minarets built on a stellar plan. Minarets may refer to Minarets an architectural feature of Islamic mosques They date from the middle of the twelfth century and are the surviving element of the mosque of Bahramshah. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Their sides are decorated with geometric patterns. Upper sections of the minarets have been damaged or destroyed. The most important mausoleum located in Ghazni City is that of Sultan Mahmud's. A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn Others include the Tombs of poets and scientists, for example the Tomb of Al Biruni. The only ruins in Old Ghazni retaining a semblance of architectural form are two towers, about 43 m (140 ft) high and some 365 m (1,200 ft) apart. According to inscriptions, the towers were constructed by Mahmud of Ghazni and his son. Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn

Ghazni City in 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War.
Ghazni City in 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War. The First Anglo–Afghan War lasted from 1839 to 1842 It was one of the first major conflicts during The Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in

In the 1960s a 15-meter female Buddha was discovered lying on its back and surrounded by empty pillars that once held rows of smaller male Buddhas. Parts of the female Buddha have been stolen. In the 1980s a mud brick shelter was created to protect the sculpture, but the wood supports were stolen for firewood and the shelter partially collapsed.

During the First Anglo-Afghan War, the city was stormed and taken over by the British forces on July 23, 1839 in the Battle of Ghazni. The First Anglo–Afghan War lasted from 1839 to 1842 It was one of the first major conflicts during The Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Battle of Ghazni or called Ghuznee took place in city of Ghazni in central Afghanistan on July 23, 1839 during the First Anglo-Afghan The Civil war in Afghanistan and the continued conflict between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance during the 1990s put the relics of Ghazni in jeopardy. The Civil war in Afghanistan, also known as Afghan Civil War, began in 1978 and has continued The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately The United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan ( UIF, Jabha-yi Muttahid-i Islami-yi Milli bara-yi Nijat-i Afghanistan) also known as the Northern

Ghazni’s strategic position, both economically and militarily, assured its revival, albeit without its dazzling former grandeur. Through the centuries the city figures prominently as the all important key to the possession of Kabul. } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with

Water

Ghazni City is located in an area of extreme drought. [6] Recently, one of the gates on a fifty-year-old dam on the Jikhai River broke, bringing up concerns among the inhabitants of Ghazni city about the water supply. The Jikhai River is a river in Ghazni Province of central Afghanistan, originating in Nawur District and crossing the Ajristan valley The dam serves as a good source of irrigation water to Ghazni City and the surrounding agricultural areas. [7] Nearby dams have a history of flooding and causing severe damage and death. [8] Efforts have begun to remedy this situation. [9]

Places to see

Notables from Ghazna

Sister cities

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ^ Central Statistics Office of Afghanistan, Kabul, LINK
  2. ^ Geography. Abu Mansur Sebük Tigin (in English more commonly called Sebüktegin;) (ca 942 - August 997 is generally regarded by historians as the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi ( was a Persian Sufi ( Tajik) Poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Abul Hassan Ali Ibn Usman al-Jullabi al-Hajvery al-Ghaznawi or Abul Hassan Ali Hajvery (علی بن عثمان الجلابی الهجویری الغزنوی (sometimes Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi ( was a Persian Sufi ( Tajik) Poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi known as Ashraf was a 12th century Persian ( Tajik) poet Abul Hasan Ali ibn Julugh Farrukhi Sistani was a 10th century and 11th century royal poet of Ghaznavids. Abu Najm Ahmad ibn Ahmad ibn Qaus Manuchehri (ابونجم احمد ابن احمد ابن قوص منوچهری دامغانی a TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abolfazl Beyhaghi (995-1077 Ibn Zeyd ibn Muhammad Abul-Fazl Mohammad ibn Hossein Hayward ( is a city located in the East Bay in Alameda County. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Ghazni ( Pashto | غزنی is one of the thirty-four Provinces of Afghanistan. The Ghaznavid Empire was a Khorāṣānian Sunni Muslim state founded by a dynasty of Turkic Mamluk. Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn The Ghurids (or Ghorids; self-designation Shansabānī) ( were a Persian Sunni - Ismaili Muslim dynasty in Khorasan Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  3. ^ District Profile. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  4. ^ Guinta, Roberta "GAZNÈ (or GÚazna, GÚazn^n)". Encyclopædia Iranica (Online Edition). Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language Encyclopedia about the history culture and United States: Columbia University. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Retrieved on January 2008.  
  5. ^ Ghazni. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press.
  6. ^ Geography. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  7. ^ Ghazni's Zanakhan Dam damaged. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  8. ^ River Dam burst swamps Ghazni city of Afghanistan. Pakistan Times. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  9. ^ Ghazni. GlobalSecurity. org. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  10. ^ Sister Cities International

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic