General Motors Corporation
Type	Public company (NYSE: GM)
Founded	1908
Founder	William C. Durant
Headquarters	Detroit, Michigan
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	G. Richard Wagoner Jr. (Chairman) & (CEO) Frederick A. Henderson (President & (COO) Robert A. Lutz (Vice-Chairman)
Industry	Automotive
Products	Automobiles Engines
Services	Financial services
Revenue	▼ US$ 181. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome William Crapo "Billy" Durant ( December 8, 1861 – March 18, 1947) was a leading pioneer of the United States Automobile A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Frederick "Fritz" Henderson (born November 29, 1958 in Detroit, Michigan) is currently the President & Chief Operating Officer President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Robert A "Bob" Lutz (born February 12 1932 in Zurich, Switzerland) is the General Motors Vice Chairman of Global Product Development for three For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry. In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 122 Billion (2007)[1][2][3][4][1]
Operating income	▼ US$ -4. In financial and business Accounting, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT is a measure of a firm's profitability that excludes interest and income tax expenses The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 390 Billion (2007)
Net income	▼ US$ -38. Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 732 Billion (2007)[5]]
Total assets	▼ US$ 148. In Business and Accounting, assets are everything owned by a person or company (all tangible and intangible property that can be converted into cash. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 883 Billion (2007)
Total equity	▼ US$ -37. In accounting terms after all liabilities are paid ownership equity is the remaining interest in Assets If valuations placed on assets do not exceed liabilities The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 094 Billion (2007)
Employees	266,000 (2007)[6]
Divisions	GM Europe
Subsidiaries	Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A division of a business entity is a portion of that business that operates under a different name General Motors Europe (often abbreviated to GM Europe) is responsible for the operation of General Motors Corporation businesses in Europe. A subsidiary, in business matters is an entity that is controlled by a bigger and more powerful entity Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Hummer is a Brand of Off-road vehicles sold by General Motors, also known as GM Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico Saab Automobile AB, better known as Saab, is a Swedish car manufacturer and currently a wholly-owned Subsidiary of General Motors. Saturn is a division of the General Motors Corporation and a brand of Automobiles It was established on January 7, 1985. Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe.
Website	GM.com

General Motors Corporation, also known as GM, is a multinational corporation founded in 1908, and is headquartered in the United States. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers The United States of America —commonly referred to as the GM is the world's largest automaker and has been the global industry sales leader in each of the last 77 calendar years. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles According to the Gregorian calendar, the calendar year begins on January 1 and ends on December 31. General Motors, today employs about 284,000 people around the world. It manufactures its cars and trucks in 35 different countries and sells them under the brands of Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Hummer is a Brand of Off-road vehicles sold by General Motors, also known as GM Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico Saab Automobile AB, better known as Saab, is a Swedish car manufacturer and currently a wholly-owned Subsidiary of General Motors. Saturn is a division of the General Motors Corporation and a brand of Automobiles It was established on January 7, 1985. Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe. ^[7] As of 2007, General Motors is the fifth largest company in the world (behind Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, and BP, ranked by revenue on the Fortune Global 500 list. Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores The Exxon Mobil Corporation, or ExxonMobil, is an American oil and gas Corporation and a direct descendant of John D Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins BP plc, previously known as British Petroleum, is the third largest global Energy company, a multinational oil company (" Oil major The Fortune Global 500 is a ranking of the top 500 Corporations worldwide as measured by Revenue. )^[8]

Company overview

General Motors was formed 1908, in Flint, Michigan and currently employs approximately 284,000 people around the world. Flint is a city in the US state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km northwest of Detroit. An English Noun The English noun people has two distinct fields of application as a countable noun, a group of Humans "The world " is a proper noun for the planet Earth envisioned from an Anthropocentric or Human Worldview, as a place GM's global headquarters is the Renaissance Center located in Detroit, Michigan, USA, They currently manufacture their cars and trucks in 35 different countries. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Its European headquarters are based in Zurich, Switzerland, and its Holden headquarters are located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In 2007, 9. 37 million GM cars and trucks were produced globally under the following 12 brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Hummer is a Brand of Off-road vehicles sold by General Motors, also known as GM Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico Saab Automobile AB, better known as Saab, is a Swedish car manufacturer and currently a wholly-owned Subsidiary of General Motors. Saturn is a division of the General Motors Corporation and a brand of Automobiles It was established on January 7, 1985. Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe. GM is also the majority shareholder in GM Daewoo Auto & Technology Co. of South Korea and has had many collaborations with the world's various automakers. GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː This includes product, powertrain and purchasing collaborations with Suzuki Motor Corp. and Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan, advanced technology collaborations with Toyota Corporation and BMW AG of Germany and vehicle manufacturing ventures with several of the world's automakers including Toyota, Suzuki, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp. is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Hamamatsu Japan that specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles a full range of Motorcycles All-Terrain ( is a Japanese car commercial vehicle and heavy truck manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 of China, AvtoVAZ of Russia, Renault SA of France, and most recently, UzAvtosanoa of Uzbekistan. AvtoVAZ ( (АвтоВАЗ is a Russian Automobile manufacturer, also known as VAZ, Volzhsky This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. GM also had collaborations with Fiat S.p.A (see GM/Fiat Premium platform) and Ford Motor Company. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer The Premium platform is General Motors and Fiat 's high-end Automobile platform. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following To this day, GM retains various stakes in many different automakers.

GM parts and accessories are sold under GM Performance Parts, GM Goodwrench and ACDelco brands through GM Service and Parts Operations which supplies GM dealerships and distributors worldwide. GM Performance Division is a division within General Motors (GM that is responsible for developing performance vehicles for the various brands of GM GM Goodwrench is an auto repair service for General Motors. Goodwrench took to the national airwaves in 1977 as a way to market General Motors franchised dealers' service Delco Electronics Corporation was the automotive Electronics design and manufacturing subsidiary of General Motors based in Kokomo Indiana. GM engines and transmissions are marketed through GM Powertrain. GM Powertrain Europe is a company created by General Motors to develop engines and transmission for the GM group GM's largest national market is the United States, followed by China, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. GM owns nearly-half (49%) of the finance company GMAC Financial Services, which offers automotive, residential and commercial financing and insurance. GMAC (or GMAC Financial Services) formerly known as General Motors Acceptance Corporation was previously the wholly owned Financial services arm of General GM's OnStar subsidiary is a vehicle safety, security and information service provider. OnStar Corporation is a subsidiary of General Motors that provides subscription-based communications, in-vehicle security turn-by-turn navigation and remote

There have only been a limited number of models bearing the General Motors brand. The GM EV1 was an electric vehicle that was offered for lease only in the 1990s, before being unceremoniously scrapped. The EV1 was the first modern production electric vehicle from a major automaker and also the first purpose-built Electric car produced by General Motors (GM in the The Holden Statesman (1971 - 1985) was originally marketed as the General Motors statesman. The Holden Statesman and Caprice are a series of full-size Luxury vehicles produced by the Australian General Motors division of Holden

History

Main article: History of General Motors

General Motors (GM) was founded on September 16, 1908 in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. General Motors Corporation, also known as GM or GMC, is the world's largest car manufacturer based on annual sales Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Flint is a city in the US state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km northwest of Detroit. A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and William Crapo "Billy" Durant ( December 8, 1861 – March 18, 1947) was a leading pioneer of the United States Automobile Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland (later known as Pontiac) and several others. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Elmore Manufacturing Company was a manufacturer of veteran and Brass era Automobiles headquartered at 504 Amanda Street Clyde Ohio, from 1893 The Oakland was a brand of automobile manufactured between 1907&ndash1909 by the Oakland Motor Car Company of Pontiac Michigan and In 1909, General Motors acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Owosso is a city in Shiawassee County in the US state of Michigan. Pontiac is a city in the US state of Michigan named after the Ottawa Chief Pontiac. GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the Durant lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers' trust, because of the large amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions coupled with a collapse in new vehicle sales. A few years later, Durant would start the Chevrolet Motor car company and through this he secretly purchased a controlling interest in GM. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM Durant took back control of the company after one of the most dramatic proxy wars in American business history. A proxy war is the war that results when two powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly Shortly after, he again lost control for good after the new vehicle market collapsed. Alfred Sloan was picked to take charge of the corporation and led it to its post war global dominance. Alfred Pritchard Sloan Jr ( May 23, 1875 – February 17, 1966) was a long-time President and Chairman of General This unprecedented growth of GM would last through the late 70's and into the early 80's.

The General Motors Aftermarket Business in the US manages four brands; Goodwrench, ACDelco, GM Performance Parts and GM Accessories. GM Aftersales operates globally.

Corporate governance

The Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, is General Motors' world headquarters

Current members of the board of Directors of General Motors are: Percy Barnevik, Erskine Bowles, John Bryan, Armando Codina, Erroll Davis, George Fisher, Mark Guildenstern, Karen Katen, Kent Kresa, Ellen Kullman, Philip Laskawy, Kathryn V. Percy Barnevik (born 1941 is a Swedish business executive probably best known as the former CEO of ASEA (1980-1987 and Asea Brown Boveri (1988-1996 Erskine Boyce Bowles (born August 8, 1945) is an American businessman and political figure from North Carolina. Armando Codina, a Cuban-American self-made millionaire was among the 25 Florida electors for President Bush in the 2000 Presidential Election, and the 27 electors Marinello, Eckhard Pfeiffer, and Rick Wagoner who also serves as chairman of the board. Eckhard Pfeiffer (born August 20, 1941 in Lauban Germany —now Lubań, Poland) is a business executive of German ancestry

Corporate structure

General Motors is structured into the following groups:

• GMAP - Asia-Pacific
• GME - Europe
• GM LAAM - Latin America, Africa and the Middle East
• GMNA - North America
• GMAC Finance and insurance services
• SPO Service, Parts and Operations
• Other Operations

Online

The domain gm. General Motors Europe (often abbreviated to GM Europe) is responsible for the operation of General Motors Corporation businesses in Europe. com attracted at least 7 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey. Competecom is a United States Web traffic analysis service that publishes the approximate number of U

Human resources

UAW-GM Center for Human Resources in Detroit.

General Motors was named one of the "100 Best Companies for Working Mothers" in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine. GM has also given millions of dollars in computers to colleges of Engineering through its PACE Awards program. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and ^[9] Together with the United Auto Workers, GM created a joint venture dedicated to the quality of life needs of employees in 1985. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The United Automobile Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America International The UAW-GM Center for human resources in Detroit is dedicated to providing GM salaried employees and GM UAW members programs and services related to medical care, diversity issues, education, training and tuition assistance, as well as programs related to work and family concerns, in addition to the traditional union-employer health and safety partnership. Tuition means instruction or teaching. In American English, the term tuition is often used to refer to a fee charged for educational instruction Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in ^[10]

Marketing in the United States

At one time, each of GM's automotive divisions in the United States were targeted to specific market segments and despite some shared components, each distinguished itself from its stablemates with unique styling and technology. The shared components and common corporate management created substantial economies of scale, while the distinctions between the divisions created an orderly upgrade path, with an entry-level buyer starting out with a practical and economical Chevrolet and moving through offerings of the different divisions until the purchase of a Buick or Cadillac. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors.

The postwar automobile industry became enamoured with the concept of "planned obsolescence", implemented by both technical and styling innovations with a typical 3-year product cycle. Planned obsolescence (also built-in obsolescence The purpose of planned obsolescence is to hide the real cost per use from the consumer and charge a higher price than they would In this cycle, a new basic body shell is introduced and then modified for the next two years with minor styling changes. GM, Ford, and Chrysler competed vigorously in this new restyling environment. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Chrysler LLC is an American Automobile manufacturer that has been producing Automobiles since 1925

Distinguishing the brands

By 1958, the divisional distinctions within GM began to blur with the availability of high-performance engines in Chevrolets and Pontiacs. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico The introduction of higher trim models such as the Chevrolet Impala and Pontiac Bonneville priced in line with some Oldsmobile and Buick offerings was also confusing to consumers. The Chevrolet Impala was through 1996 a Full-sized Automobile built by General Motors for their Chevrolet division The Pontiac Bonneville was an Automobile built by the Pontiac division of General Motors from 1957 to 2005 Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and By the time Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick introduced similarly styled and priced compact models in 1961, the old "step-up" structure between the divisions was nearly over. Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and

Compacts arrive

The decade of the 1960s saw the creation of compact and intermediate classes. The Chevrolet Corvair was a 6-cylinder answer to the Volkswagen Beetle, the Chevy II was created to match Ford's conventional Falcon and the Chevrolet Camaro/Pontiac Firebird was GMs counter measure to the Ford Mustang. The Chevrolet Corvair was an Automobile produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors from 1959 to 1969 for the 1960&ndash1969 Model The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen The Ford Falcon was an Automobile produced by Ford Motor Company from 1960 through 1970 The Chevrolet Camaro is a " Pony car " made in North America by the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors. The Pontiac Firebird was a Pony car built by the Pontiac division of General Motors between 1967 and 2002 The Ford Mustang sports coupe, manufactured by the Ford Motor Company, was initially based on the Ford Falcon Among intermediates, the Oldsmobile Cutlass nameplate became so popular during the 1970s that Oldsmobile applied the Cutlass name to most of its products in the 1980s. The Oldsmobile Cutlass was an Automobile made by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors. Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. By the mid 1960s, most of GM's vehicles were built on a few common platforms and in the 1970s GM began to use nearly identical body panel stampings, differing only in internal and external trim items.

The 1971 Chevrolet Vega was GM's launch into the new subcompact class. The Chevrolet Vega was a Subcompact car sold from 1971 through 1977 Problems associated with its innovative aluminum engines would damage GMs reputation more than perhaps any other vehicle in its history. WikipediaNaming During the late 1970s, GM would initiate a wave of downsizing starting with the Chevrolet Caprice which was reborn into what was the size of the Chevrolet Chevelle, the Malibu would be the size of the Nova, and the Nova was replaced by the troubled front-wheel drive Chevrolet Citation. Layoff is the temporary suspension or permanent Termination of employment of an Employee or (more commonly a group of employees for Business reasons The Chevrolet Caprice and Caprice Classic were full-sized Automobiles produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors in the United The Chevrolet Chevelle (pronounced "sha-vell" is a mid-sized Automobile from Chevrolet debuting in 1964 The Chevrolet Citation was a Compact car sold by the Chevrolet brand of American automaker General Motors from 1980 through 1985

Rebadging era

By the 1980s, GM frequently "rebadged" one division's successful vehicle into several models across the divisions, all positioned close to one another in the market place. Thus a new GM model's main competition might be another model spawned off the same platform. This led to market "cannibalization" with the divisions spending time stealing sales from one another. Cannibalism (from Spanish es ''caníbal'' in connection with cannibalism among the Antillean Caribs, also called anthropophagy (from Greek ἄνθρωπος Even today, the company's GMT360 mid-sized light truck platform has spawned the basic Chevrolet TrailBlazer, Oldsmobile Bravada, GMC Envoy, Isuzu Ascender, Buick Rainier, and Saab 9-7X. The Chevrolet TrailBlazer is a mid-size SUV produced by the Chevrolet division of American automaker General Motors. The Oldsmobile Bravada was a Mid-size luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV from the now retired Oldsmobile Marque of General Motors The GMC Envoy is an SUV from the GMC Marque of General Motors. The Isuzu Ascender is a mid-size/full-size SUV from Isuzu. Introduced for 2003 the 7-passenger Ascender is a re-badged GMC Envoy. The Buick Rainier was a mid-size SUV sold by the Buick division of General Motors. The Saab 9-7X is a Saab - branded Mid-size Sport utility vehicle (SUV based on General Motors' Though each model had a more or less distinct mission, the trucks can hardly be discerned from one another.

GM in the new century

In the late 1990s, the U. S. economy was on the rise and GM and Ford gained market share producing enormous profits primarily from the sale of light trucks and sport-utility vehicles. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following From 2000 to 2001, the Federal Reserve in a move to quell the stock market, made twelve successive interest rate increases. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, a severe stock market decline caused a pension and benefit fund underfunding crisis. GM began its Keep America Rolling campaign, which boosted sales, and other auto makers were forced to follow suit. The U. S. automakers saw sales increase to leverage costs as gross margins deteriorated. Although retiree health care costs remain a significant issue, General Motors' investment strategy has generated a $17. 1 billion surplus in 2007 in its $101 billion U. S. pension fund portfolio, a $35 billion reversal from its $17. 8 billion of underfunding. ^[11]

In 2004, GM redirected resources from the development of new sedans to an accelerated refurbishment of their light trucks and SUVs for introduction as 2007 models in early 2006. A sport utility vehicle ( SUV) is a generic marketing description for a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a Station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis Shortly after this decision, fuel prices increased by over 50% and this in turn affected both the trade-in value of used vehicles and the perceived desirability of new offerings in these market segments. The current marketing plan is to extensively tout these revised vehicles as offering the best fuel economy in their class (of vehicle). GM claims its hybrid trucks will have gas-mileage improvements of 25%.

In the summer of 2005, GM announced that its corporate chrome emblem "Mark of Excellence" will begin appearing on all recently introduced and all-new 2006 model vehicles produced and sold in North America. The Mark of Excellence is the original name of the logo of the General Motors Corporation The move is seen as an attempt by GM to link its name and vehicle brands more closely.

In 2005, GM promoted sales through an employee discount to all buyers. Marketed as the lowest possible price, GM cleared an inventory buildup of 2005 models to make way for its 2006 lineup. While the promotion was a temporary shot in the arm for sales, it did not help the company's bottom line. GM has since changed its marketing strategy to a no haggle sticker policy in which all vehicle prices are lowered, but incentives are reduced, if not eliminated.

GM in China

General Motors is the best selling auto maker in China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ^[12] The Buick brand is especially strong, led by the Buick Excelle subcompact. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and The Daewoo Lacetti is a Compact car made by the South Korean automaker GM Daewoo. Cadillac initiated sales in China in 2004, starting with imports from the United States. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The United States of America —commonly referred to as the GM pushed the marketing of the Chevrolet brand in China in 2005 as well, moving the former Buick Sail to that marque. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Opel Corsa is a supermini that has been produced by General Motors' European Subsidiary Opel since 1982 and has also been sold under a variety The company manufactures most of its China-market vehicles locally, through its Shanghai GM joint venture. Shanghai General Motors Company Limited (Shanghai GM is a joint venture between General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC Shanghai GM, a joint venture between the Chinese company SAIC and General Motors, was created on March 25, 1997. The Shanghai GM plant was opened December 15, 1998 when the first Chinese-built Buick came off the assembly line. The SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile joint-venture is also successful selling trucks and vans under the Wuling marque (34% belongs to GM). SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile is a Joint venture between General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC of China and Wuling Automobile Co SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile is a Joint venture between General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC of China and Wuling Automobile Co

GM plans to create a research facility in Shanghai for $250m to develop hybrid cars and alternative energy vehicles. A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to propel the vehicle Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for Powertrain concepts differing from the Internal combustion engine concept used in only Petroleum fueled ^[13]

Environmental Record

In the summer of 1999, the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) removed 23,000 cubic yards (18,000 m³) of contaminated sediments and soil from the General Motors Superfund site in Massena, New York for disposal at a licensed facility in Utah. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The amount contained 13,000 cubic yards (9,900 m³) of contaminated sediments dredged from the St. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of Lawrence River. The sediments had been stored on the site since 1995. There was also 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m³) of contaminated sludge from the active wastewater treatment plant on the General Motors property. SLUDGE (Scripting Language for Unhindered Development of a Gaming Environment is a open source adventure game engine developed by Hungry Software Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England ^[14] General Motors was ranked 20th in the 2002 toxic 100. The company released 12,771,830 pounds of gases in the year 2002. ^[15] In September of 2006, the state of California filed suit against General Motors, Chrysler, Nissan, Toyota, Honda, and Ford. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Chrysler LLC is an American Automobile manufacturer that has been producing Automobiles since 1925 (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following The companies were accused of producing cars that emitted over 289 million metric tons of carbon per year in the United States, accounting for nearly 20% of carbon emissions in the United States and 30% of carbon emissions in California. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[16]

Subsidies

In March 2005, the Government of Canada provided C$200 million in incentives to General Motors for its Ontario plants to expand production and provide jobs, according to Jim Harris. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. James R M "Jim" Harris (born February 12, 1961) is a Canadian author environmentalist and politician Similar incentives were promised to non-North American auto companies like Toyota, Premier Dalton McGuinty said the money the province and Ottawa are pledging for the project is well-spent.

Labor relations

Main article: 2007 General Motors strike

On September 24, 2007 General Motors workers represented by the United Auto Workers union went on the first nationwide strike against GM since 1970. The 2007 General Motors strike was a strike from September 24 to 26 2007 by the United Auto Workers against General Motors. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The United Automobile Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America International The ripple effect of the strike reached into Canada the following day as two car assembly plants and a transmission facility were forced to close. However, overnight a tentative agreement was reached and UAW officials declared the end of the strike in a news conference at 4 a. m. on September 26. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a By the following day, all GM workers in both countries were back to work.

Outcome of strike

A new labor contract was ratified by UAW members exactly one week after the tentative agreement was reached, passing by a majority 62% vote. In the contract are several product and employment guarantees stretching well into the next decade. One of GM's key future products, the Chevy Volt, was promised to the GM Poletown/Detroit-Hamtramck plant in 2010. Also included is a VEBA (Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association) which will transfer retiree health care obligations to the UAW by 2010. This eliminates more than 50 billion dollars from GM's healthcare tab. It will be funded by 30 billion in cash and 1. 4 billion in GM stock paid to the UAW over the next 4 years of the contract. It also eliminates 70% of the labor cost gap with GM's Japanese rivals.

Impact of Other Strikes

A strike at American Axle and Manufacturing Holdings Inc. will result in lost production of an additional 230,000 vehicles in the second quarter, with an estimated $1. 8 billion impact on earnings before tax. With a total strike cost of $2. 81 billion. ^[17]

Auto racing

General Motors has an extensive history in numerous forms of racing. Vehicles of most, if not all, of GM's brands have been represented in competition, with perhaps Chevrolet being the most prominent. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM In particular, the Chevrolet Corvette has long been popular and successful in international road racing. The Chevrolet Corvette is a Sports car that has been manufactured by General Motors since 1953 GM also is a supplier of racing components, such as engines, transmissions, and electronics.

GM's Oldsmobile Aurora engine platform was successful in the Indy Racing League (IRL) throughout the 1990s, winning many races in the small V-8 class. The Oldsmobile Aurora was a performance / luxury sedan made by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors and launched in 1995 The Indy Racing League, better known as IRL, is the sanctioning body of a predominantly American based Open-wheel racing series. A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other An unmodified Aurora V-8 in the Aerotech, captured 47 world records, including the record for speed endurance in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America. Recently, the Cadillac V-Series has entered motorsports racing. The Cadillac V-Series is the name of high performance vehicles tuned by the General Motors Performance Division for the Cadillac division of General Motors GM has also used many cars in the American racing series NASCAR. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. Currently the Chevrolet Impala is the only entry in the series but in the past the Pontiac Grand Prix, Buick Regal, Oldsmobile Cutlass, Chevrolet Lumina, Chevrolet Malibu, and the Chevrolet Monte Carlo were also used. The Chevrolet Impala was through 1996 a Full-sized Automobile built by General Motors for their Chevrolet division The Pontiac Grand Prix was an automobile that was produced by the Pontiac division of General Motors. The Buick Regal is a Mid-size car produced by General Motors ' Buick division from 1973 through 2004 during which Buick also used the Century The Oldsmobile Cutlass was an Automobile made by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors. This is the article about the Lumina sedan and Coupe. For the Lumina minivan see Chevrolet Lumina APV. The Chevrolet Malibu (named after Malibu California) is a Mid-size car produced in the United States by General Motors. The Chevrolet Monte Carlo was an American-made automobile Originally introduced by Chevrolet for the 1970 model year (as competition with the Ford Thunderbird

In touring cars (mainly in Europe) Vauxhall is a key player and former champion in the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) series and competes with a Vauxhall Vectra in Super 2000 spec. Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe. The British Touring Car Championship is a Touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom. The Opel Vectra is a Large family car produced primarily by Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as "Opel" the German subsidiary of General Opel used to participate in the DTM series. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Chevrolet competes with a Lacetti in the FIA World Touring Car Championship (WTCC). Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM The Daewoo Lacetti is a Compact car made by the South Korean automaker GM Daewoo. The World Touring Car Championship ( WTCC) is an international Touring Car championship organized by the FIA.

In Australia, there is the prestigious V8 Supercar Championship which is battled out by the two main rivals of Holden& Ford. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. V8 Supercars is a Touring car racing category operated under the regulations of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following The current Holden Racing Team cars are based on the Holden Commodore and run a 5. GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. The Holden Commodore is an Automobile manufactured by the Holden division of General Motors (GM in Australia and formerly in New Zealand 0-litre V8-cylinder engine producing 650+BHP (approx 480 kW Power) @ 7500 rpm). These cars have a top speed of 300+km/h (185 mph) and run 0-100 km/h in less than 4 seconds. The Holden Racing Team is Australia's most successful team in Australian Touring Car History. Holden Racing Team, or HRT is a V8 Supercar racing team that began following the establishment in 1988 of the joint venture between the TWR Group and In 2007 the Drivers championship was won by the very closely linked HSV Dealer Team. HSV Dealer Team is one of the premier Motorsport teams contesting the V8 Supercar Championship

Development of Electronics for GM Auto Racing

In 1986, the GM Motorsports group asked Delco Electronics Corporation, a subsidiary of GM Hughes Electronics (headquarters - Kokomo, IN) if an electronic engine management system could be developed for the Chevy Indy V8 engines used in the CART open wheel racers. Delco Electronics Corporation was the automotive Electronics design and manufacturing subsidiary of General Motors based in Kokomo Indiana. Kokomo (ˈkoʊkəmoʊ is a city in and the County seat of Howard County, Indiana, United States, Indiana's 13th largest city Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis Delco Electronics had been supplying all GM automobiles sold in the USA with Engine Control Modules (ECMs) since 1981 when the USA Clean Air Act required 3-way catalytic converters and controlled air-fuel ratios. A Clean Air Act describes one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of Smog and Air pollution in general A catalytic converter (colloquially "cat" or "catcon" is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an Internal combustion engine. Air-fuel ratio ( AFR) is the mass ratio of air to fuel present during combustion The production ECMs were becoming more complex, and were becoming powertrain controllers controlling the transmission, spark timing, Idle speed, as well as air-fuel intake mixtures.

Delco Electronics used a small group of electronic designers and technicians at their facility in Goleta, CA (near Santa Barbara, CA) to do special assignable projects that were advanced or more state of the art. Santa Barbara is a city in Santa Barbara County California, United States. This facility was called Delco Systems Operations (formerly known as GM Defense Research Labs), a part of Delco Electronics Corporation at the time. Delco Systems Operations is the place where the Apollo Program's Lunar Rover Mobility Sub-system^[18] was developed and built, also the Apollo Program's guidance computers (Apollo PGNCS) and the Boeing 747 guidance computers (Delco Carousel IV) were developed and manufactured there. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Delco Carousel was a popular INS -based navigation automation system for Aircraft developed by Delco Electronics. All Delco Electronics Motorsports products developed before 1994 were designed by this group. From 1994 to present, this activity is at Delco Electronics/Delphi in Kokomo, IN. Delphi ( Greek,) ( pronounce and dialectal forms) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western

The first generation of engine management controller for CART racing used a modified production ECM, but performed poorly in the race car due to the harsh EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) environment. Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis This version was never used in racing, but the experience gained enabled the engineers to design a more successful Generation 2 controller for use in the 1988 CART IndyCar World series.

Practice at Phoenix 1988. Mario Illien introduces the Gen II to Mario Andretti

Generation 2 controllers were used experimentally by Newman/Haas Racing in 1988 and the first win was in the Cleveland GP with Mario Andretti driving. Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing (NHLR is a motor racing team competing in the IndyCar Series. The Grand Prix of Cleveland was an Open wheel automobile racing event in the Champ Car World Series, held annually at Burke Lakefront Airport in Mario Gabriele Andretti (born February 28, 1940) is an Italian American former racecar driver and one of the most successful Americans in the

In 1989 Newman/Haas Racing, Team Penske, and Patrick Racing teams used Delco Electronics Gen-2 controllers with the Ilmor Chevy Indy V8 engine. Penske Racing is a racing team that competes in the Indy Racing League, ALMS, and NASCAR. Patrick Racing was an Auto racing team in both Champ Car and the Indy Racing League. Ilmor, founded by Mario Illien and Paul Morgan in 1984 is a British independent high-performance autosport engineering company "By the start of the 1989 season, racing pundits recognized that Chevrolet, with its Ilmor Engineering engines and Delco Electronics equipment, had assembled perhaps the most potent racing power in the history of the sport. As the season got under way in April, the pattern of winning began. Racing's elite drivers -- Unser junior and senior, Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Mario Andretti -- were driving the best equipment in the world. Rick Ravon Mears (born December 3, 1951 in Wichita Kansas) is a retired American race car driver

The results began to show early on. By October, Chevy engines with DE equipment had won 13 of the 15 IndyCar races.

DSO Motorsports Management Group & Friends Watching the 1989 Indy 500 at Butler's Pizza in Goleta, CA

When Emerson Fittipaldi crossed the finish line to win the 1989 Indianapolis 500, racing fans witnessed history being made. Emerson Fittipaldi (born December 12, 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a highly successful Brazilian automobile racing driver winning world championships The 1989 Indianapolis 500 was held at Indianapolis on Sunday May 28, 1989. Fans thrilled to the neck-and-neck finish between Fittipaldi and Al Unser Jr. who went spinning on lap 198 after brushing tires with Emmo, and the 43-year-old Barazilian had his first Indianapolis 500 win. Alfred Unser Jr (born April 19 1962 in Albuquerque New Mexico) nicknamed " Little Al " " Al Junior " or simply " Junior Fittipaldi's victory -- in a Chevrolet Indy V8 engine controlled by a Delco Electronics electronic engine control module (ECM) -- was the first time in the 500's storied history that the engine of the winning vehicle was controlled by an electronic engine management system"^[19]

Gen-2 Conroller that was in the 1989 Indy 500 Winning Car

For the 1990 season, all teams using the Ilmor Chey Indy V8 were provided a redesigned Gen-3 system and it won 15 poles, 16 wins including the 1990 Indianapolis 500, with 17 races in the IndyCar World Series. The 1990 Indianapolis 500 was held at Indianapolis on Sunday May 27, 1990. To prove the system, the components were used with GM engines in the Trans-Am Racing series during 1989. This is a list of GM engines, or more specifically a list of Engine designs that General Motors has used in its various products The Trans-Am Series was created in 1966 by the SCCA as the Trans-American Sedan Championship.

In the 1991 IndyCar World Series, Gen-3 had a perfect score: 17 poles, 17 wins, 17 races including the 1991 Indianapolis 500. Results of the 1991 Indianapolis 500 held at Indianapolis on Sunday May 26, 1991. At the 1991 Indianapolis 500, Delco Electronics introduced telemetry to the electronic system using the advanced spread spectrum radio technology^[20] . Telemetry (synonymous with Telematics) is a Technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of Information of interest to the system designer Spread-spectrum techniques are methods by which Energy generated in a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the Frequency domain, resulting It was so popular that all IndyCar teams eventually used it, and many still use it. ABC TV used the data from the systems to display real time data with ABC's in-car video cameras. ABC Television is a service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched in 1956

In 1990 and 1991, the Chevy engine with the Delco Electronics Gen-3 controller won 33 straight IndyCar races. Chevy's dominance proved electronics had found their place in IndyCar racing.

In the 1992 IndyCar World Series, race cars with Gen-3 captured 7 poles, 11 wins including the 1992 Indianapolis 500, in 16 races. The 1992 Indianapolis 500 was held at Indianapolis on Sunday May 24, 1992.

For the 1993 IndyCar World Series, Delco Electronics had been developing a smaller more powerful controller using 32-bit computers and a high-level software language called Modula-GM. The Modula Programming language is a descendent of the Pascal programming language. This system was called Gen-4 and won much praise for its improved functions and features. The telemetry system developed for the 1992 season was used, and a new Distributorless Ignition module component was added to the overall engine management system. 10 wins including the 1993 Indianapolis 500 in 16 CART races. Results of the 1993 Indianapolis 500 held at Indianapolis on Sunday May 30, 1993.

Left to Right Gen-4, Gen-3, Gen-2, & Gen-1 Delco Electronics Motorsport Engine Control Modules

In 1994, a totally new Ilmor engine was introduced to IndyCar teams and the engine controller was Delco Electronics Gen-4: 12 wins including the 1994 Indianapolis 500, 16 races. Results of the 1994 Indianapolis 500 held at Indianapolis on Sunday May 29, 1994.

In 1995, Gen-4 won 6 races out of 17.

In 1996, the Indy Racing League split from CART and used the naturally aspirated Oldsmobile Aurora engine which used the Delco Electronics Gen-4 system until the engine was retired from the IRL IndyCar Series a few years ago. The Oldsmobile Aurora was a performance / luxury sedan made by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors and launched in 1995 The IndyCar Series is the premier series of the Indy Racing League. 1997 was the last year the Gen-4 ran in the CART IndyCar World Series.

Per a February 27, 2003 Delphi Press Release^[21], Delphi's current involvement in open wheel racing is as follows:

"Delphi is the official electronics provider to the IRL and has been involved in open-wheel racing since 1988. Today, a majority of the vehicles in the IRL are equipped with several of Delphi's racing products including:

• Delphi Earpiece Sensor System - measures dynamic forces to a driver's head during an accident. It uses small sensors integrated into the left and right radio earpieces worn by the driver. The six accelerometers -- one for each of the three axes on each side -- measure acceleration in the X, Y and Z axes during an accident. The combined data from the earpiece sensor system and onboard accident data recorder provide accident researchers valuable data for a clearer picture of what happens during a crash.

• Accident Data Recorder (ADR2) - senses and records key vehicle parameters at 1,000 samples per second just prior to, during, and after an accident-triggering event.

• Track Condition Radio - helps alert drivers with critical information by transmitting messages from race control to the racecar. A dash-mounted display communicates messages including safety warnings, track condition and pits opened/closed.

• Radio Telemetry Module - transmits engine and chassis data from a speeding racecar to race team engineers located in the pits. The telemetry module helps enhance driver safety and race team strategy by making real-time data available.

• Multec(R) Bottom Feed Methanol Electronic Fuel Injector - provides a high flow rate and a low profile package that are ideal for port fuel racing applications. The injector is able to operate at high temperatures and provide a high level of spray atomization.

• Connectors, Cables and Terminals - connectors are coupling devices that provide an electrical and mechanical connection/disconnection in a system. Cables are insulated electrical conductors. Terminals are devices attached to the end of a wire to facilitate electrical connections. All of these Delphi components enable a vehicle's electrical/electronic system to function under the tough conditions in racing.

Delphi also has begun offering services to the racing industry, including Hydraulic Sled Testing from its state-of-the-art testing laboratory in Vandalia, Ohio. Delphi provides comprehensive safety testing using a hydraulic test sled to simulate a crash. Services include on-board data acquisition, on- and off-board digital video monitoring and the use of Delphi safety products such as the earpiece sensor system and accident data recorder. "

Awards for this program:

Louis Schwitzer Awards for Engineering Excellence (since 1967):

1994: Mario Illien, Mercedes 209 CID Engine with Delco Electronics Gen-4 controller (Also won in 1986 for Ilmor-Chevrolet Engine that used Gen-2, 3, & 4 controllers 1988 to 1996)

1996: Dave Schnelker, Ning wu, I-Fu Shih of Delco Electronics & Ed Rothrock of Bell Sports (Design of Racing EyeCue)

1997: Ed Keating and Roger Allen of GM Motorsports (Oldsmobile Aurora Engine with Delco Electronics Gen-4 controller)

2005: Delphi engineers Erskine Carter, Glen Gray, Andy Inman, Tim Kronenberg and Bruce Natvig (Delphi Earpiece Sensor System)

2007: Delphi engineers Erskine Carter, Glen Gray, Andy Inman, Tim Kronenberg and Bruce Natvig (Delphi Accident Data Recorder 3 - ADR 3))

Alternative fuels and hybrids

General Motors is both active in environmental causes and, as a major industrial force, implicated in ecologically harmful activity. The Louis Schwitzer Award for engineering innovation and excellence at the Indianapolis 500 Mile Race recognizes individuals with the courage and conviction to explore and develop Bell Sports Inc, a division of Easton-Bell Sports Inc, is a manufacturer of bicycle helmets The company has long worked on alternative-technology vehicles, and has recently led the industry with clean burning Flexfuel vehicles that can run on either E-85 (ethanol) or gasoline. The company was the first to use turbochargers and was an early proponent of V6 engines in the 1960s, but quickly lost interest as the muscle car race took hold. A turbocharger, or turbo, is an air Compressor used for forced-induction of an Internal combustion engine. A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of three cylinders They demonstrated ^[22] gas turbine vehicles powered by kerosene, an area of interest throughout the industry, but abandoned the alternative engine configuration in view of the 1973 oil crisis. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a rotary Engine that extracts energy from a flow of Combustion gas Kerosene, sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage is a Combustible Hydrocarbon liquid The 1973 oil crisis began on October 17 1973 when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC consisting of the Arab members of In the 1970s and 1980s, GM pushed the benefits of diesel engines and cylinder deactivation technologies with disastrous results due to poor durability in the Oldsmobile diesels and drivability issues in the Cadillac 4-6-8 variable cylinder engines. Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum Variable displacement is an Automobile engine technology that allows the Engine displacement to change by deactivating cylinders, for improved Fuel Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. In 1987 GM, in conjunction with Aerovironment built the Sunraycer which won the inaugural World Solar Challenge and was a showcase of advanced technology. AeroVironment Inc is a technology company in Monrovia California and Simi Valley California that is primarily involved in energy systems Electric vehicle The Sunraycer was a Solar powered Race car designed to compete in the world's first race featuring solar-powered cars The World Solar Challenge is a solar-powered car race which covers 3021 km (1877 miles through the Australian Outback, from Darwin Much of the technology from Sunraycer found its way into the Impact prototype electric vehicle (also built by Aerovironment) and was the predecessor to the EV1. The Sunraycer was a Solar powered Race car designed to compete in the world's first race featuring solar-powered cars AeroVironment Inc is a technology company in Monrovia California and Simi Valley California that is primarily involved in energy systems Electric vehicle The EV1 was the first modern production electric vehicle from a major automaker and also the first purpose-built Electric car produced by General Motors (GM in the

GM supported a compromise version of the CAFE standard increase from 27 mpg to 35 mpg, the first such increase in over 20 years. ^[23]

Hybrid initiative

Main articles: Plug-in hybrid and Chevrolet Volt

In May 2004, GM delivered the world's first full sized hybrid pickups, and introduced a hybrid passenger car. A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle ( PHEV) is a Hybrid vehicle with batteries that can be recharged by connecting a plug to an Electric power The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in series hybrid vehicle by General Motors, with production In 2005, the Opel Astra diesel Hybrid concept vehicle was introduced. See also Vauxhall Astra and Holden Astra for the usage of the nameplate by other General Motors subsidiaries Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to propel the vehicle The 2006 Saturn Vue Green Line was the first hybrid passenger vehicle from GM and is also a mild design. The Saturn Vue is a compact Crossover SUV from General Motors ' Saturn Marque, and was Saturn's top-selling model in the United GM has hinted at new hybrid technologies to be employed that will be optimized for higher speeds in freeway driving. Future hybrid vehicles should include the 2007 GMC Yukon, the Saturn Aura, and an updated Saturn Vue based an Opel design like the Saturn Aura. The Chevrolet Tahoe (and very similar GMC Yukon) is a Full-size SUV from General Motors. The Saturn Aura is a Mid-size car produced under the Saturn brand of American automaker General Motors. The Saturn Vue is a compact Crossover SUV from General Motors ' Saturn Marque, and was Saturn's top-selling model in the United Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors.

GM has recently introduced the concept cars Chevrolet Volt and Opel Flextreme, which are electric vehicles with back-up generators, powered by gasoline, E85, or fuel cells. The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in series hybrid vehicle by General Motors, with production The Opel Flextreme is a diesel plug-in hybrid Concept car created by General Motors. According to GM, a production Chevrolet Volt will be available by late 2010 as a 2011 model.

GM currently offers two types of hybrid systems. The first type, used in the Silverado Hybrid, Saturn Vue, Saturn Aura, and Chevrolet Malibu, is what GM calls a "Mild Hybrid" or "BAS" system. The second hybrid drive system,co-developed with DaimlerChrysler and BMW, is called a "Two-Mode Hybrid. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 Global Hybrid Cooperation (formerly called Advanced Hybrid System 2 or AHS2) is a set of Hybrid vehicle technologies jointly developed by General Motors " The two-mode is used by the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon and will later be used on the Saturn Vue, and possibly other vehicles.

GM’s current hybrid models:

• 2006 Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid
• 2007 Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid
• 2008 GMC Yukon Hybrid
• 2008 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid
• 2008 Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid

The GM Magic Bus is a hybrid powered bus. The Saturn Vue is a compact Crossover SUV from General Motors ' Saturn Marque, and was Saturn's top-selling model in the United The Saturn Aura is a Mid-size car produced under the Saturn brand of American automaker General Motors. The Chevrolet Malibu (named after Malibu California) is a Mid-size car produced in the United States by General Motors. The Chevrolet Tahoe (and very similar GMC Yukon) is a Full-size SUV from General Motors. ^[24]

GM sold 843 hybrids of all types during the first quarter of 2008, according to the industry newspaper Automotive News. Crain Communications Inc is a major publishing conglomerate based in Detroit Michigan. Compared that with Ford, which sold 5,225 hybrids during that time. The hands-down hybrid leader, Toyota, sold 278,000 in the U. S. alone last year and 430,000 worldwide. CSM Worldwide, expects GM to seriously increase its hybrid output, turning the automaker into a serious contender within the next few years. He expects it to produce 40,000 to 50,000 hybrids this year, more than doubling last year's production. ^[25]

Hydrogen initiative

GM has prided its research and prototype development of hydrogen powered vehicles, to be produced in early 2010, using a support infrastructure still in a prototype state. A hydrogen vehicle is a Vehicle that uses Hydrogen as its on-board fuel for motive power The economic feasibility of the technically challenging hydrogen car, and the low-cost production of hydrogen to fuel it, has also been discussed by other automobile manufacturers such as Ford and Chrysler. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Chrysler LLC is an American Automobile manufacturer that has been producing Automobiles since 1925 In June 2007, Larry Burns, vice president of research and development, said he's not yet willing to say exactly when hydrogen vehicles will be mass produced, but he said it should happen before 2020, the year many experts have predicted. He said "I sure would be disappointed if we weren't there" before 2020. ^[26]

Flexfuel and biofuels

GM produces many Flexfuel vehicles that can operate on ethanol gasoline, or E85. GM has over 2 million FlexFuel vehicles on the road today in all 50 states. E85 is a mostly renewable fuel made from corn and grain products.

Electric vehicles

The process of obtaining the EV1, GM's first electric vehicle, was difficult. The EV1 was the first modern production electric vehicle from a major automaker and also the first purpose-built Electric car produced by General Motors (GM in the The vehicle could not be purchased outright. Instead, General Motors offered a closed-end lease for three years, with no renewal or residual purchase options. The EV1 was only available from specialist Saturn dealerships, and only in California and Arizona. ^[27] Before reviewing leasing options, a potential lessee would be taken through a 'pre-qualification' process in order to learn how the EV1 was different from other vehicles. Next came a waiting list with no scheduled delivery date. ^[28]

In June 2006 the documentary Who Killed the Electric Car? was released, criticizing among others, GM for being responsible for the demise of the EV1. Who Killed the Electric Car? is a 2006 Documentary film that explores the birth limited commercialization and subsequent death of the Battery electric

Several weeks before the debut of the movie, the Smithsonian Institution announced that its EV1 display was being permanently removed and the EV1 car put into storage. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of GM is a major financial contributor to the museum, but both parties denied that this fact contributed to the removal of the display. ^[29]

General Motors has responded to complaints about the scrapping of the EV1 program and they dispute the existence of any conspiracy surrounding its demise. An entry was posted on the GM blog FastLane^[30] in 2006 in which GM defended its decision by saying that it was unable to guarantee the vehicles could continue to be maintained in a safe operating state. ^[31]

GM alleges that during the four years available to the public, only 800 EV1's were released. Over $1 billion was spent on the EV1 program, with a great portion used for consumer incentives and marketing. With a waiting list of 5,000 applicants, only 50 individuals actually were willing to accept a lease on the EV1. Suppliers ceased production of replacement parts due to the low demand for the EV1. This made repairs and continued safety of the vehicles difficult. The EV1 was designed as a developmental vehicle and was never intended for serial production.

The limitations of storage technology and the expense of production would have made the cars impractical for the vast majority of consumers; a production EV1 would have met limited demand and would have been priced out of reach of most. Had sufficient demand existed to justify mass production and had costs and technologies been able to support mass production, GM would have been more receptive to the idea.

GM responded to allegations made in the film through a blog post by Dave Barthmuss, who said "Sadly, despite the substantial investment of money and the enthusiastic fervor of a relatively small number of EV1 drivers — including the filmmaker — the EV1 proved far from a viable commercial success. "^[32] Barthmuss notes investments in electric vehicle technology since the EV1: Two-Mode Hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicle programs. Global Hybrid Cooperation (formerly called Advanced Hybrid System 2 or AHS2) is a set of Hybrid vehicle technologies jointly developed by General Motors The filmmakers suggested that GM did not immediately channel its technological progress with the EV1 into these projects, and instead let the technology languish while focusing on more immediately profitable enterprises such as SUVs. Contrary to this suggestion, as Barthmuss points out, GM is bullish on hydrogen:

According to GM, not all of the EV1's were destroyed. Many were donated to research institutions and facilities, along with museums. Some are still owned by General Motors themselves, and are kept at their technical design center in Warren, Michigan, and can occasionally be seen on the road within a close area of the tech center. Warren is a city in Macomb County in the US state of Michigan. ^[31]

After Toyota ceased production of the RAV-4EV in 2001, no other major automaker on the road offered a fully electric vehicle designed for everyday use on public transportation routes for some time;^[31] however Think Nordic, at one time under the ownership of Ford, have produced a range of electric vehicles in limited numbers. Think Global is an Electric car company located in Aurskog, Norway, manufacturing cars under the TH!NK brand In 2007, Tesla Motors began taking orders for the fully electric Tesla Roadster, which was designed for less than 1/10th of the cost of the EV1. Production on the Roadster began in March, 2008, and GM executives have expicitly stated that the emergence of the Tesla Roadster was a primary reason why GM accelerated the Chevy Volt project; the spiritual successor to the EV1.

Political and charitable contributions

In the 2006 election cycle General Motors contributed $788,600, with 34% of that amount going to the Democrats and 66% to the Republicans. ^[33] Since 1996, General Motors has been the exclusive source of funding for Safe Kids USA's "Safe Kids Buckle Up" program, a national initiative to ensure child automobile safety through education and inspection. Safe Kids USA is the United States' arm of the global network of Safe Kids Worldwide organizations based in Washington DC ^[34]

Corporate restructuring

After gaining market share in the late 1990s and making enormous profits General Motors stock soared to over $80 a share. However, in 2000, twelve successive interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve led to a severe stock market decline following the September 11, 2001 attacks, caused a pension and benefit funds crisis at General Motors and many other American companies. General Motor's rising retiree health care costs and Other Post Employment Benefit (OPEB) fund deficit prompted the company to enact a broad restructuring plan. Although GM had already taken action to fully fund its pension plan, its OPEB fund became an issue for its corporate bond ratings. GM had expressed its disagreement with the bond ratings; moveover, GM's benefit funds were performing at higher than expected rates of return. Then, following a $10. 6 billion loss in 2005, GM acted quickly to implement its restructuring plan. For the first quarter of 2006 GM earned $400 million, signaling a turnaround had already begun even though many aspects of the restructuring plan had not yet taken effect. Although retire health care costs remain a significant issue, General Motors' investment strategy has generated a $17. 1 billion surplus in 2007 in its $101 billion U. S. pension fund portfolio, a $35 billion reversal from its $17. 8 billion of underfunding. ^[11]

In February 2005, GM successfully bought itself out of a put option with Fiat for $2 billion USD (€1. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer 55 billion). In 2000, GM had sold a 6% stake to Fiat in return for a 20% share in the Italian automaker. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer As part of the deal, GM granted Fiat a put option which, if exercised between January 2004 and July 2009, could have forced GM to buy Fiat. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer Example of a put option on a stock Buy a Put A Buyer thinks price of a stock will decrease Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer GM had agreed to the put option at the time, perhaps to keep it from being acquired by another automaker such as Daimler AG competing with GM's Opel and Vauxhall marques. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe. The relationship suffered, and Fiat had failed to improve. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer In 2003, Fiat recapitalized, reducing GM's stake to 10%. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer

In February 2006, GM slashed its annual dividend from 2. 00 to $1. 00 per share. The reduction saved $565 million a year.

In March 2006, GM divested 92. 36 million shares (reducing their stake from 20% to 3%) of Japanese manufacturer Suzuki, in order to raise $2. is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Hamamatsu Japan that specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles a full range of Motorcycles All-Terrain 3 billion. GM originally invested in Suzuki in the early 1980s. is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Hamamatsu Japan that specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles a full range of Motorcycles All-Terrain

On March 23, 2006, a private equity consortium including KKR, Goldman Sachs Capital, and Five Mile Capital purchased $8. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Goldman Sachs Group Inc, or simply Goldman Sachs ( is a large global Bank holding company that engages in Investment banking securities 8 billion, or 78% of GMAC, GM's commercial mortgage arm. GMAC (or GMAC Financial Services) formerly known as General Motors Acceptance Corporation was previously the wholly owned Financial services arm of General The new entity, in which GMAC will own a 21% stake, will be known as Capmark Financial Group. ^[35]

On April 3, 2006, GM announced that it would sell 51% of GMAC as a whole to a consortium led by Cerberus Capital Management, raising $14 billion over 3 years. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. GMAC (or GMAC Financial Services) formerly known as General Motors Acceptance Corporation was previously the wholly owned Financial services arm of General Cerberus Capital Management LP is one of the largest Private equity investment firms in the USA Investors also include Citigroup's private equity arm and Aozora Bank of Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The group will pay GM $7. 4 billion in cash at closing. GM will retain approximately $20 billion in automobile financing worth an estimated $4 billion over three years.

GM sold its 8% stake in Isuzu on April 11, 2006, to raise an additional $300 million. ( is a Japanese car commercial vehicle and heavy truck manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[36]12,600 workers from Delphi, a key supplier to GM, agreed to buyouts and an early retirement plan offered by GM in order to avoid a strike, after a judge agreed to cancel Delphi's union contracts. Delphi is an Automotive parts company headquartered in Troy Michigan, USA. 5,000 Delphi workers were allowed to flow to GM.

World locations of General Motors factories

On June 28, 2007, GM agreed to sell its Allison Transmission division to private-equity firms Carlyle Group and Onex for $5. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Allison Transmission is a manufacturer of Automatic transmissions for medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicle applications In Finance, private equity is an Asset class consisting of equity Securities in operating companies that are not Publicly traded on The Carlyle Group is a global Private equity investment firm based in Washington D Onex Corporation ( is a Toronto based Private equity investment firm and Holding company. 1 billion. The deal will increase GM's liquidity and echoes previous moves to shift its focus towards its core automotive business. Market liquidity is a Business, Economics or Investment term that refers to an Asset 's ability to be easily converted through an act of buying The two firms will control seven factories around Indianapolis but GM will retain management of a factory in Baltimore. Former Allison Transmission president Lawrence E. Allison Transmission is a manufacturer of Automatic transmissions for medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicle applications Dewey will be the new CEO of the standalone company. ^[37]

On February 12, 2008 GM announced its loss of $39 Billion. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The biggest loss of any U. S. Automaker. GM has offered buyouts to all its UAW members.

In March 24, 2008 GM reported $24 billion, or $6 billion less than what was on hand September 31, 2007, which is a loss of $1 billion dollars a month. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[38]

As GM opens new plants, those scheduled to close under the planned GM restructuring include (source: General Motors Corporation):

Criticism

In 1980, J. Moraine Assembly is a General Motors Automobile factory in Moraine Ohio, United States A sport utility vehicle ( SUV) is a generic marketing description for a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a Station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis Oklahoma City Assembly was a General Motors Automobile factory in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck. The Lansing Craft Centre was a specialized General Motors Automobile assembly factory in Lansing Township Michigan. The Chevrolet SSR ( S uper S port R oadster was a retractable hardtop convertible Pickup truck manufactured by Chevrolet between Spring Hill Manufacturing is a General Motors factory in Spring Hill Tennessee. The Saturn Ion was a Compact car sold by the Saturn Marque of American Automaker General Motors between the 2003 and Janesville Assembly Plant is an Automobile factory owned by General Motors located in Janesville Wisconsin. A sport utility vehicle ( SUV) is a generic marketing description for a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a Station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis GM Powertrain Flint North (GMPT Flint North is a General Motors Automobile engine and Components plant located at the Stewart Avenue exit of Patrick Wright wrote a book named On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors. This book, which critics acclaimed "blows the lid off the king of carmakers" was about the allegations of corruption, "mismanagement and total irresponsibility" at the top level of the company, as seen by John Z. DeLorean, the Vice-President, who in 1973 resigned from his position in spite of a brilliant and meteoric rise (he was earning $ 650,000 per year and was expected to be the next President of GM). John Zachary DeLorean ( January 6 1925  &ndash March 19 2005) was an American engineer and executive in the U

In June 2006 the documentary Who Killed the Electric Car? was released, criticizing among others, GM for the cancellation of its first electric car, the EV1. Who Killed the Electric Car? is a 2006 Documentary film that explores the birth limited commercialization and subsequent death of the Battery electric The EV1 was the first modern production electric vehicle from a major automaker and also the first purpose-built Electric car produced by General Motors (GM in the

See also

People

• Irving Jacob Reuter
• Alfred P. Sloan
• William C. Durant
• Richard Wagoner
• Robert Lutz

Books and films

• Final Offer - A documentary film that shows the 1984 GM contract negotiations, that would result in the union split of the Canadian arm of the UAW. Irving Jacob Reuter (1885-1972 was an automotive leader in the early 1900s Alfred Pritchard Sloan Jr ( May 23, 1875 – February 17, 1966) was a long-time President and Chairman of General William Crapo "Billy" Durant ( December 8, 1861 – March 18, 1947) was a leading pioneer of the United States Automobile Robert A "Bob" Lutz (born February 12 1932 in Zurich, Switzerland) is the General Motors Vice Chairman of Global Product Development for three Final Offer is a Canadian film documenting the 1984 contract negotiations between the United Auto Workers Union (UAW and GM.
• Roger & Me - the first documentary by filmmaker Michael Moore. Roger & Me is a 1989 American Documentary film directed by independent filmmaker/author Michael Moore. Michael Francis Moore (born April 23 1954 is an Academy Award -winning American filmmaker author and liberal Political commentator. The film criticizes General Motors for closing down its factories in Moore's hometown of Flint, Michigan, despite record profits. Flint is a city in the US state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km northwest of Detroit. After Flint residents lose their many jobs at GM, Moore claims the town descends into economic chaos.
• Who Killed the Electric Car? - A documentary film charting GM's launch, then alleged self-sabotage of the electric car EV1. Who Killed the Electric Car? is a 2006 Documentary film that explores the birth limited commercialization and subsequent death of the Battery electric The EV1 was the first modern production electric vehicle from a major automaker and also the first purpose-built Electric car produced by General Motors (GM in the
• General Motors is mentioned several times in Wheels a novel by Arthur Hailey

Active brands

The following GM brands were being produced in January 2008:

• Buick
• Cadillac
• Chevrolet
• Daewoo
• GMC
• Holden
• Hummer
• Opel
• Pontiac
• Saab
• Saturn
• Vauxhall

Defunct brands

• Asuna (1993, Canada-only)
• Beaumont (1966-1969, Canada-only)
• Bedford Vehicles (1930–1987)
• Elmore (1909 - 1912)
• Geo (1988–1998)
• LaSalle (1927–1940)
• Marquette (1930)
• Oakland (1907–1931)
• Oldsmobile (1897 - 2004)
• Rapid Truck (1909–1912)
• Reliance Truck (1909–1912)
• Statesman (1971–1984)
• Viking (1929–1931)

Subsidiaries

• AC Delco
• Adam Opel GmbH
• Allison Transmission All assets excepting the Allison plant in Baltimore were divested in early 2007. Wheels (1971 is a novel by Arthur Hailey, concerning the automobile industry and the day-to-day pressures involved in its operation Arthur Hailey ( April 5, 1920 – November 24, 2004) was a British / Canadian novelist Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Hummer is a Brand of Off-road vehicles sold by General Motors, also known as GM Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Pontiac is a Brand of Automobiles produced by General Motors that has been sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico Saab Automobile AB, better known as Saab, is a Swedish car manufacturer and currently a wholly-owned Subsidiary of General Motors. Saturn is a division of the General Motors Corporation and a brand of Automobiles It was established on January 7, 1985. Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Beaumont was a make of automobile produced by General Motors of Canada from 1966 to 1969 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Bedford was a subsidiary of Vauxhall Motors, itself the British subsidiary of General Motors (GM established in 1930 and constructing commercial Elmore Manufacturing Company was a manufacturer of veteran and Brass era Automobiles headquartered at 504 Amanda Street Clyde Ohio, from 1893 Geo was a brand of small cars and SUVs marketed by General Motors and sold through Chevrolet dealerships throughout North America beginning The Marquette was an automobile manufactured by General Motors ' Buick Division for model year 1930 The Oakland was a brand of automobile manufactured between 1907&ndash1909 by the Oakland Motor Car Company of Pontiac Michigan and Oldsmobile was a brand of Automobile produced for most of its existence by General Motors. GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the GMC, formerly known as GMC Truck, is a Brand name used on Trucks Vans and SUVs marketed in North America and the Statesman was an automotive Marque created by General Motors-Holden's (GMH the Australian subsidiary of General Motors in 1971 Viking was an automobile manufactured by General Motors ' Oldsmobile Division for model year 1929 and 1931. Delco Electronics Corporation was the automotive Electronics design and manufacturing subsidiary of General Motors based in Kokomo Indiana. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Allison Transmission is a manufacturer of Automatic transmissions for medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicle applications
• Fisher Body Assembly Division
• General Motors Acceptance Corporation 51% stake sold to Cerberus Capital management for 14. GMAC (or GMAC Financial Services) formerly known as General Motors Acceptance Corporation was previously the wholly owned Financial services arm of General 7 billion in late 2006.
• General Motors Assembly Division
• General Motors South Africa
• GM Daewoo (50. Delta Motor Corporation was a South African car manufacturer which was created through a management buy-out after General Motors (GM divested from South Africa GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. 9%)
• GM Holden Ltd
• GM Performance Division
• GM Service Parts Operations
• Shanghai GM (50%)
• Vauxhall Motors
• Wuling Automotive GM Joint venture in China. GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. GM Performance Division is a division within General Motors (GM that is responsible for developing performance vehicles for the various brands of GM Shanghai General Motors Company Limited (Shanghai GM is a joint venture between General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC Vauxhall Motors is a British automobile company It is a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation (GM and is part of GM Europe.

Umbrella organization

• United States Council for Automotive Research
• Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers

Categories

• List of GM platforms
• List of GM engines
• List of GM transmissions
• List of GM factories
• GM vehicles by brand
• Tribrid

References

Further reading

• Barabba, Vincent P. Surviving Transformation: Lessons from GM's Surprising Turnaround (2004)
• Chandler, Alfred D. , Jr. , ed. Giant Enterprise: Ford, General Motors, and the Automobile Industry 1964.
• Cray, Ed. Chrome Colossus: General Motors and Its Times. 1980.
• Farber, David. Sloan Rules: Alfred P. Sloan and the Triumph of General Motors U of Chicago Press 2002
• Gustin, Lawrence R. Billy Durant: Creator of General Motors , 1973.
• Halberstam, David. The Reckoning (1986) detailed reporting on the crises of 1973-mid 1980s
• Keller, Maryann. Rude Awakening: The Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors, 1989.
• Leslie, Stuart W. Boss Kettering: Wizard of General Motors Columbia University Press, 1983.
• Maxton, Graeme P. and John Wormald, Time for a Model Change: Re-engineering the Global Automotive Industry (2004)
• Maynard, Micheline. The End of Detroit: How the Big Three Lost Their Grip on the American Car Market (2003)
• Rae, John B. The American Automobile: A Brief History. University of Chicago Press, 1965.
• Sloan, Alfred P. , Jr. My Years with General Motors, 1963.
• Weisberger, Bernard A. The Dream Maker: William C. Durant, Founder of General Motors , 1979

External links

• Blog of workers and works council members
• Corporate website
• Official Canadian site
• Official European site
• Official Brazilian site
• Official wiki