Gaston Jean-Baptiste de France d uc d'Orléans (April 25, 1608 – February 2, 1660, Blois), was the third son of the French king Henry IV and of his wife Marie de' Medici. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Catherine of Navarre, also known as Catherine de Bourbon (1559 Paris &ndash 13 February 1604, Nancy) was the daughter of Antoine For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Christine Marie de France (Maria Cristina di Francia Madama Reale ( February 10 1606 - December 27 1663) was Regent of Savoy between Nicholas Henri of France, duc d'Orléans, was the second son and fourth child of Henry IV of France and his Italian Queen Marie de' Henrietta Maria ( 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Princess of France and Queen Consort of England, Scotland For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Philippe I Duke of Orléans ( September 21, 1640 &ndash June 9, 1701) was the second son of Louis XIII of France and Anne Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Marie-Thérèse de France was the fourth child and third daughter of Louis XIV and his Queen Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Philip V of Spain ( December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) born Philippe de France, Fils de France and duc d'Anjou Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Marie Louise Élisabeth de France ( 14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) was the eldest daughter of King Louis XV of France and Henriette-Anne de France ( 14 August 1727 at Versailles —- 10 February 1752 at Versailles was the twin sister of Marie Adélaïde de France ( 23 March 1732 - 27 February 1800) was a French Princess. Victoire Louise Marie Thérèse de France ( May 11, 1733 - June 7, 1799) was the seventh child and fifth daughter of King Louis XV of Sophie Philippine Élisabeth Justine ( 27 July 1734 - 2 March 1782) was a French princess See also Louise-Marie of France (1812-1850 Queen of the Belgians Life Early life She was the elder daughter of Louis Dauphin of France, the only son of King Louis XV, and the Dauphin's wife Princess Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France ( 19 December 1778 &ndash 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI of France Ancestry Son of Marie Antoinette Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Ancestry Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry ( Charles Ferdinand d'Artois; January 24, 1778 – February 14, 1820) was the younger son of Charles Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883 Louise Marie Thérèse of France ( Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois; born September 21, 1819, Élysée-Bourbon Paris, France; died List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Blois is a city and commune in France, the Préfecture (capital of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Marie de' Medici ( April 26, 1575 &ndash July 3, 1642) was Queen consort of France.
As a son of the king, he was a Fils de France. Fils de France ( Son of France) was the style and Rank held by the sons of the kings and dauphins of France As the eldest surviving brother of King Louis XIII, he was known at court by the traditional honorific of Monsieur. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person fr Monsieur ( Plural: fr ''Messieurs'' meant "my lord" (fr ''Mon seigneur'' in Middle French, and is now generally used in French as an honorific
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Early Life
He was born at the Fontainbleau. Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. Known at first as the Duc d'Anjou, he became Duc d'Orléans, Comte de Blois and Comte de Chartres in 1626, and had nominal command of the army which besieged La Rochelle in 1628, having already entered upon that course of political intrigue which would occupy the remainder of his life. List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. La Rochelle is a city in western France, and a Seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.
On two occasions he had to leave France for conspiring against the government of his mother and of Cardinal Richelieu; and after waging an unsuccessful war in Languedoc, he took refuge in Flanders. This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov. Languedoc ( in French Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former Province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands.
Reconciled with his brother Louis XIII, he plotted against Richelieu in 1635, fled from the country, and then submitted to the king and the cardinal. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643)
Soon afterwards the same process repeated itself. Orléans stirred up Cinq-Mars to attempt Richelieu's murder, and then deserted his unfortunate accomplice (1642). Henri Coiffier de Ruzé Marquis de Cinq-Mars (1620 &ndash September 12, 1642) was a Favourite of King Louis XIII of France In 1643, on the death of Louis XIII, Gaston became lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and fought against Spain on the northern frontiers of France; he was created duc d'Alençon in 1646. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history However, during the wars of the Fronde (1648–1653), he passed with great facility from one party to the other. La Fronde (1648–1653 was a Civil war in France, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635
Issue
Gaston first married on August 6, 1626, at Nantes, to Marie de Bourbon, daughter and heiress of Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast Marie de Bourbon duchesse de Montpensier ( 15 October, 1605 &ndash 4 June, 1627) was a French noblewoman and one of the last members of the Henri de Bourbon Duke of Montpensier, ( 12 May, 1573 &ndash 27 February, 1608) was Dauphin of Auvergne, Duke of Montpensier He later married on January 3, 1632, at Nancy, Marguerite (d. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France 1672), sister of Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine. Charles IV ( April 5 1604 &ndash September 18 1675) was Duke of Lorraine from 1624 to 1634 when he abdicated under French pressure By Marie he had a daughter and a son:
- Anne, Duchess of Montpensier (1627–1693) (Mademoiselle de Montpensier or La Grande Mademoiselle, to distinguish her from Mademoiselle, the daughter of Monsieur, Louis XIV's brother)
- She was the last of the line of the House of Bourbon-Montpensiers. Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans de Montpensier duchesse de Montpensier ( May 29, 1627 - April 3, 1693 was a French princess by birth The House of Bourbon-Montpensier or Maison de Bourbon-Montpensier was a semi royal family
- Jean Gaston (c. 1626)
By Marguerite he had four daughters and a son, who died very young:
- Marguerite Louise (July 28, 1645, Paris – September 17, 1721 Paris), married in Florence on June 20, 1661 Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (separated 1675). Marguerite Louise d'Orléans Grand Duchess Consort of Tuscany ( July 28 1645 &ndash September 17 1721) was the wife of Cosimo III de' Medici Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Cosimo III de' Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 August 1642 &ndash 31 October 1723 was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1670 to 1723 and husband of Marguerite Louise d'Orléans
- Elizabeth (December 26, 1646, Paris – March 17, 1696, Versailles), duchesse d'Alençon, married at St. Germain-en-Laye on May 15, 1667 Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history For treaties with this name see Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (disambiguation Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a commune in the western Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Louis Joseph 6th Duke of Guise ( August 7, 1650 &ndash July 30, 1671, Paris) was the only son of Louis Duke of Joyeuse
- Françoise Madeleine (October 13, 1648, St. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Germain-en-Laye – January 14, 1664, Turin), married at The Louvre March 4, 1663 Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy, no issue. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Charles Emmanuel II ( Italian: Carlo Emanuele II di Savoia, June 20, 1634 &ndash June 12, 1675) was the Duke of Savoy
- Jean Gaston (August 17, 1650, Paris – August 10, 1652, Paris), Duc de Valois. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire
- Marie Anne (November 9, 1652, Paris – August 17, 1695, Blois), Mademoiselle de Chartres. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
By Marie Porcher he had a daughter:
- Marie bâtarde d'Orléans January 1, 1631 Paris. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC
By Louise-Roger de La Marbeliere he had a son:
- Jean Louis bâtard d'Orléans, Comte de Charny, b. 1638 Tours, d. 1692 in Spain.
Later life
After the death of his brother Louis XIII in 1643, his nephew became Monsieur. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) In order to tell the pair appart, Gaston was called Le Grand Monsieur and Philippe, duc d'Anjou (as he was till he became the Duke of Orléans on Gastons death) became Le Petit Monsieur. Philippe I Duke of Orléans ( September 21, 1640 &ndash June 9, 1701) was the second son of Louis XIII of France and Anne
After the Fronde, Gaston was then exiled by Mazarin to Blois in 1652, he remained there until his death. Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino ( July 14 1602 &ndash March 9 1661) was an accomplished French statesman Blois is a city and commune in France, the Préfecture (capital of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated On his death all his Orléáns titles went to the younger brother of Louis XIV, known as Le Petit Monsieur till his uncle's death. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Philippe I Duke of Orléans ( September 21, 1640 &ndash June 9, 1701) was the second son of Louis XIII of France and Anne
Ancestors
| Gaston, Duke of Orléans | Father: Henry IV of France | Paternal Grandfather: Antoine of Navarre | Paternal Great-grandfather: Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Françoise d'Alençon | |||
| Paternal Grandmother: Jeanne III of Navarre | Paternal Great-grandfather: Henry II of Navarre | ||
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Marguerite de Navarre | |||
| Mother: Marie de' Medici | Maternal Grandfather: Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany | Maternal Great-grandfather: Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany | |
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Eleonora di Toledo | |||
| Maternal Grandmother: Johanna of Austria | Maternal Great-grandfather: Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor | ||
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Anna of Bohemia and Hungary |
References
- Gaston Jean Baptiste de France Duc d'Orléans
- Gaston, Duc d'Orléans Accessed February 24, 2008
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Antoine de Bourbon duc de Vendôme ( 22 April 1518 &ndash 17 November 1562) was head of the House of Bourbon from 1537 to 1562 Charles of Bourbon-La Marche (Charles IV Count and later Duke of Vendôme ( June 2, 1489 &ndash 1537 was a French prince du sang and military Jeanne III or Joan III, known as Jeanne d'Albret (7 January 1528 – 9 June 1572 was Queen regnant of Navarre from 1555 to 1572 wife of Henry II ( April 18, 1503 - May 25, 1555) was the eldest son of John III of Navarre (died 1516 and Catherine I of Navarre Marguerite de Navarre ( April 11, 1492 &ndash December 21, 1549) also known as Marguerite of Angouleme and Margaret Marie de' Medici ( April 26, 1575 &ndash July 3, 1642) was Queen consort of France. Francesco I de' Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 25 March 1541 &ndash 17 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling Cosimo I de' Medici (June 12 1519 &ndash April 21 1574 was Duke of Florence from 1537 to 1574 reigning as the first Grand Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash Anna Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, also sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica ( Buda (now Budapest) Hungary, July 23, 1503 The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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