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The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (French: Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Extrême-Orient, CEFEO) was a colonial expeditionary force of the French Union Army sent in French Indochina in 1945 during the Pacific War. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between

Contents

History (1945-1956)

Pacific War (1945)

Further information: Second Sino-Japanese War

The CEFEO was created in 1945 as a replacement for the older Far East French Expeditionary Forces (Forces Expéditionnaires Françaises d'Extrême-Orient, FEFEO). The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Extrême-Orient CEFEO was a colonial expeditionary force of the French Union Army sent in

Its purpose was to support Saigon based-General Sabatier' overwhelmed "Indochina French Forces" (Forces Françaises d'Indochine) colonial troops and resistance small groups CLI then fighting with the Japanese Southern Expeditionary Army Group during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku The was a Army group of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the After the 1944 Liberation of France and the fall of Nazi Germany in Europe the following year, the French authorities wanted to "free" the last Axis Powers occupied territories in South-East Asia, these included the newly established Empire of Vietnam, which was a Japanese colony. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries The Empire of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Đế quốc Việt Nam, or (Việt Nam Đế quốc) was a short-lived Puppet state of Imperial Japan

On June 7 1945, Leclerc was nominated commander of the CEFEO. On June 22, Leclerc transferred commanding of the 2nd Armored Division (2ème D. The 2nd Armored Division (2e Division Blindée 2e DB commanded by General Leclerc, fought during the final phases of World War II in the Western Front B. ) -the famous unit who liberated Paris in August 1944- to Colonel Dio. The Liberation of Paris' (also known as Battle for Paris) took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the surrender of Leclerc received command of the Far East French Forces (Forces Françaises en Extrême-Orient) on August 15.

First Indochina War (1946-1954)

Main article: First Indochina War

In 1946, nationalist, then communist popular rebellion movement rose up against established colonial rule in the French Indochina federation then including the Kingdom of Laos, the Kingdom of Cambodia, Tonkin (North Vietnam), the Empire of Annam (Middle Vietnam) and Cochin China (South Vietnam), all states being protectorates excluding the latter which was a colony with Saigon as its capital. The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the The Anti-French War, the Franco-Vietnamese War, the Franco-Vietminh War, Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of Cochin China is also a type of domestic fowl. Cochinchina, from Cochin-China (see note below (known locally as Nam In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect In 1946, they would become associated states within the French Union and by 1949 Tonkin, Annam and the Republic of Cochin China would merge as the State of Vietnam. Cochin China is also a type of domestic fowl. Cochinchina, from Cochin-China (see note below (known locally as Nam The State of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Quốc gia Việt Nam) was a former state in Vietnam replacing the former Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1949

Colonial paratroopers in the delta area of northern Vietnam (1952)
Colonial paratroopers in the delta area of northern Vietnam (1952)

The communist Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh overwhelmed its rival nationalist movements and organized itself as a revolutionary army using guerrilla warfare, then in the 1950s -due to a massive Chinese support- using conventional warfare. The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam" was a National liberation For the city named after him see Ho Chi Minh City. Hồ Chí Minh (name Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

The First Indochina War officially lasted from November 20 1946 until July 20 1954 and was settled by the Geneva Agreements. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold The Geneva Conference ( May 8 – July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore Peace in

Dissolution (1956)

After withdrawal of the last CEFEO troops from the independent Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in 1956, the corps was disbanded by General Pierre Jacquot. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East

Composition

The CEFEO was made of enlisted and volunteer troops from the French Union colonial territories in Maghreb, Africa, Madagascar, Overseas (future Dom-Tom) and South-East Asia with the notable exception of the French Foreign Legion gathering mostly European troops (French, Spaniards, Poles, etc. The French Union (Union française was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system the " French Empire The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern The French Overseas Departments and Territories ( French: départements d'outre-mer and territoires d'outre-mer or DOM-TOM) consist broadly of Polymerase (DNA directed epsilon, also known as POLE, is a human Gene. ).

Most of the professional colonial airborne units (BPC) and the entire Chief of Staff were metropolitan French though.

In early November 1953, the French U.N. volunteers returning from the ended Korean War joined the French Union CEFEO and sailed from Inchon to Vietnam. The French Battalion in the Korean War (Bataillon français de l'ONU BF-ONU was a Battalion of volunteers made up of active and reserve French military personnel The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Incheon is a metropolitan city and a major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. [1] They would be later involved in the battle of Mang Yang Pass of June and July 1954. The Battle of Mang Yang Pass (also known as Battle of An Khe) was the last official battle of the First Indochina War.

CEFEO commanders

CEFEO shoulder patch insignia bearing the "Far East" mark.
CEFEO shoulder patch insignia bearing the "Far East" mark.

Far East Forces

Groupe d'Opération Nord-Ouest (GONO)

(North West Operation Group)

GONO commander: General Christian de Castries (1954)

Forces Terrestres en Extrême-Orient (FTEO)

(Far East Ground Forces)

FTEO commander: -

(North Vietnam Ground Forces)

FTNV commander: General René Cogny (1954)

(South Vietnam Ground Forces)

FTSV commander: -

Forces Maritimes en Extrême-Orient (FMEO)

(Far East Naval Forces)

FMEO commander:
Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu (1946-1947)
Emile Bollaert (1947)
Vice-Admiral Auboyneau (1952-54)

(Far East Naval Direction)

DNEO commander: Contre-Admiral Bosvieux (1952)

Forces Aériennes en Extrême-Orient (FAEO)

(Far East Airforces)

FAEO commander: -

Notable personnel

Notes

  1. ^ Departure of the French U.N. Korean batallion, French newsreels archives (Les Actualités Françaises), November 5, 1953

See also

External links

Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque ( November 22, 1902 – November 28, 1947) was a French general during World War II Jean Etienne Valluy ( May 15, 1899 - January 4, 1970) was a French General (see also Http//fr Marcel Maurice Carpentier ( March 2 1895 - 14 September 1977) was a French military officer who served in World War I, Jean Joseph Marie Gabriel de Lattre de Tassigny ( 2 February 1889 &ndash 11 January 1952) was a French military hero of World Raoul Albin Louis Salan ( 10 June 1899 - 3 July 1984) was an officer in the French Army and the fourth French commanding Henri Eugène Navarre ( 31 July 1898 - 26 September 1983) was a French Army general Christian Marie Ferdinand de la Croix de Castries ( 11 August 1902 - 29 July 1991) was the French commander at the Battle of Dien René Cogny ( April 25 1904 – September 11 1968) was a French Général de division, World War II veteran Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu, in religion Louis de la Trinité ( August 7 1889 - September 7 1964) was a priest diplomat and Jacques Émile Massu ( 5 May, 1908 &ndash 26 October, 2002) was a French general who fought in World War II, First Marcel Bigeard (born 14 February, 1916) is a French military officer who fought in World War II, Indochina and Algeria Roger Trinquier (20 March 1908 - 11 January 1986 was a French Army officer and theorist of Counter-insurgency warfare Jean Sassi is a French Army colonel and intelligence service officer former " Jedburgh " ( BCRA Pierre Schoendoerffer (Pierre Schœndœrffer born May 5, 1928 in Chamalières, Puy-de-Dôme) is a French Film director Raoul Coutard (born September 16, 1924 in Paris, France) is an acclaimed French Cinematographer. The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the The Anti-French War, the Franco-Vietnamese War, the Franco-Vietminh War, The French Union (Union française was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system the " French Empire The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army ( Vietnamese: Quân đội Quốc gia Việt Nam, "National Army of Vietnam" was the
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