Franklin Patrick Herbert, Jr. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. New Wave is a term applied to Science fiction writing characterized by a high degree of experimentation both in form and in content and a Highbrow and self-consciously Robert Jordan was the Pen name of James Oliver Rigney Jr ( October 17, 1948 &ndash September 16, 2007) under which he George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful American science fiction author. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Note that this Partial list contains some authors whose works of fantastic fiction would today be called science fiction even if they predate or did not work in that genre He is best known for the novel Dune and its five sequels. Dune is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965. The Dune saga, set in the distant future and taking place over millennia, deals with themes such as human survival and evolution, ecology, and the intersection of religion, politics and power. The Dune universe, or Duniverse, is the political, scientific, and social fictional setting of author Frank eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Power is a measure of a person's ability to control the environment around them including the behavior of other people Dune itself is the "best-selling science fiction novel of all time," and the series is widely considered to be among the classics in the genre. [1] [2]
Biography
Frank Herbert was born October 8, 1920 in Tacoma, Washington to Frank Patrick Herbert Sr. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. and Eileen McCarthy Herbert. He graduated from high school in 1938, and in 1939 he lied about his age in order to get his first newspaper job at the Glendale Star. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint.
There was a temporary hiatus in his career as he served in the U. S. Navy's Seabees for six months as a photographer during World War II until he was given a medical discharge. The Seabees are the Construction Battalions of the United States Navy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He married Flora Parkinson in San Pedro, California in 1941. San Pedro is a beach community within Los Angeles California, USA California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. They had a daughter, Penny (b. February 16, 1942), but divorced in 1945. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
After the war he attended the University of Washington, where he met Beverly Ann Stuart at a creative writing class in 1946. See Washington (disambiguation for other uses The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research University They were the only students in the class who had sold any work for publication – Herbert had sold two pulp adventure stories to magazines- the first to Esquire in 1945, and Stuart had sold a story to Modern Romance magazine. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines They married in Seattle, Washington on June 20, 1946. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They had two sons:
- Brian Patrick Herbert (b. Brian Patrick Herbert (born 1947 is a best selling American Author who lives in Washington state June 29, 1947, Seattle, Washington), a best-selling novelist
- Bruce Calvin Herbert (b. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. June 26, 1951, Santa Rosa, California), a gay rights activist who died from AIDS in 1993
In 1947 Frank Herbert sold his first science fiction story, "Looking for Something", to Startling Stories. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Santa Rosa is the County seat of Sonoma County California, United States California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.
Frank Herbert did not graduate from college, according to his son, Brian, because he wanted to study only what interested him and so did not complete the required courses. After leaving college he returned to journalism and worked at the Seattle Star and the Oregon Statesman; he was also a writer and editor for the San Francisco Examiner's California Living magazine for a decade. The Seattle Star was a daily Newspaper that ran from February 2, 1899, to August 13, 1947. The Statesman Journal is the major daily newspaper published in Salem, Oregon, United States. The San Francisco Examiner is a US daily Newspaper. It has been published continuously in San Francisco, California, since
His career as a novelist began with the publication of The Dragon in the Sea in 1955, where he used the environment of a 21st century submarine as a way to explore sanity and madness. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The Dragon in the Sea (1956 also known as Under Pressure from its serialization is a novel by Frank Herbert. The book predicted worldwide conflicts over oil consumption and production. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit It was a critical success but not a major commercial one.

Florence, Oregon, with sand dunes that served as an inspiration for the
Dune saga
Herbert began researching Dune in 1959 and was able to devote himself more wholeheartedly to his writing career because his wife returned to work full time as an advertising writer for department stores, becoming the main breadwinner during the 1960s. Florence is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. One tradition states the city was named for state senator A Herbert later related in an interview with Willis E. McNeilly that the novel originated when he was supposed to do a magazine article on sand dunes in Florence, Oregon, but he became too involved in it and ended up with far more raw material than needed for a single article. Florence is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. One tradition states the city was named for state senator A The article, entitled "They Stopped the Moving Sands," was never written, but it did serve as the seed for the ideas that led to Dune.
Dune took six years of research and writing to complete. Far longer than commercial science fiction of the time was supposed to be, it was serialized in Analog magazine in two separate parts ("Dune World" and "Prophet of Dune"), in 1963 and 1965. Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. It was then rejected by nearly twenty book publishers before finally being accepted. One editor prophetically wrote back "I might be making the mistake of the decade, but. . . " before rejecting the manuscript.
Chilton, a minor publishing house in Philadelphia known mainly for its auto-repair manuals, gave Herbert a $7,500 advance, and Dune was soon a critical success. It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year Dune was the first ecological science fiction novel, containing a multitude of sweeping, inter-relating themes and multiple character viewpoints, a method that ran through all Herbert's mature work. Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of
The book was not an instant bestseller. A bestseller is a Book that is identified as extremely popular by its inclusion on lists of currently top selling titles that are based on publishing industry and book trade By 1968 Herbert had made $20,000 from it, far more than most science fiction novels of the time were generating, but not enough to let him take up full-time writing. However, the publication of Dune did open doors for him. He was the Seattle Post-Intelligencer's education writer from 1969 to 1972 and lecturer in general studies and interdisciplinary studies at the University of Washington (1970 – 1972). The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. This article is about the degree For other meanings see the disambiguation page General Studies. Integrative Learning is a learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make connections across curricula He worked in Vietnam and Pakistan as social and ecological consultant in 1972. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and In 1973 he was director-photographer of the television show, The Tillers.
A man is a fool not to put everything he has, at any given moment, into what he is creating. You're there now doing the thing on paper. You're not killing the goose, you're just producing an egg. So I don't worry about inspiration, or anything like that. It's a matter of just sitting down and working. I have never had the problem of a writing block. Writer's block is a Phenomenon involving temporary loss of ability to begin or continue writing usually due to lack of inspiration or Creativity. I've heard about it. I've felt reluctant to write on some days, for whole weeks, or sometimes even longer. I'd much rather go fishing, for example, or go sharpen pencils, or go swimming, or what not. But, later, coming back and reading what I have produced, I am unable to detect the difference between what came easily and when I had to sit down and say, "Well, now it's writing time and now I'll write. " There's no difference on paper between the two.
– Frank Herbert
By 1972, Herbert retired from writing for newspapers and became a full-time writer. During the 1970s and 1980s, Herbert enjoyed considerable commercial success as an author. He divided his time between homes in Hawaii and Washington's Olympic Peninsula; his home on the peninsula was intended to be an "ecological demonstration project". The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Geography The Olympic Peninsula is home to some of the only Temperate rain forests in the world including the Hoh, Queets, and Quinault [3] During this time he wrote numerous books and pushed ecological and philosophical ideas. He continued his Dune saga, following it with Dune Messiah, Children of Dune, and God Emperor of Dune. Dune Messiah is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, the second in a series of six novels Children of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, third in a series of six novels set in the ''Dune'' universe. God Emperor of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert published in 1981, the fourth in the Dune series Other highlights were The Dosadi Experiment, The Godmakers, The White Plague and the books he wrote in partnership with Bill Ransom: The Jesus Incident, The Lazarus Effect, and The Ascension Factor which were sequels to Destination: Void. The Dosadi Experiment (1977 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert. The Godmakers (1972 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. The White Plague (1982 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. The Jesus Incident (1979 is the second Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert The Lazarus Effect (1983 is the third Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert The Ascension Factor (1988 is the fourth and final Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Destination Void (1966 is the first Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert
Herbert's change in fortune was shaded by tragedy. In 1974, Beverly underwent an operation for cancer. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled She lived ten more years, but her health was adversely impacted by the surgery. In the midst of this, Herbert was the featured speaker at the Octocon II science fiction convention at the El Rancho Tropicana in Santa Rosa, California in October 1978. Beverly Herbert died on February 7, 1984, the same year that Heretics of Dune was published. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Heretics of Dune is a 1984 Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, fifth in a series of six novels In his afterword to 1985's Chapterhouse Dune, Frank Herbert wrote a moving eulogy for his wife of 38 years. Chapterhouse Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, last in his series of six Dune novels
1984 was a tumultuous year in Herbert's life. In the same year that his wife died, his career took off with the release of David Lynch's film version of Dune. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer This article is about the 1984 film See Frank Herbert's Dune for the 2000 television adaptation Despite high expectations, a big-budget production design and an A-list cast, the movie drew mostly poor reviews in the United States. However, despite a disappointing response in the USA, the film was a critical and commercial success in Europe and Japan.
After Beverly's death, Herbert married Theresa Shackleford in 1985, the year he published Chapterhouse Dune, which tied up many of the saga's story threads (though ending on a cliffhanger intended to lead into his planned Dune 7). This would be Herbert's final single work (the anthology Eye was also published that year, and Man of Two Worlds was published in 1986). Eye (1985 is a collection of thirteen short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert. He died of a massive pulmonary embolism while recovering from surgery from pancreatic cancer on February 11, 1986 in Madison, Wisconsin age 65. Pulmonary embolism (PE is a blockage of the Pulmonary artery or one of its branches usually occurring when a venous Thrombus (blood clot from a vein Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the Pancreas. Each year about 37680 individuals in the United States are diagnosed with this condition and 34290 Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States
Continuation of the Dune series
In recent years, Frank Herbert's son Brian Herbert and author Kevin J. Anderson have begun adding to the Dune universe, using notes left behind by Frank Herbert on both the history of the Dune universe before the events within Dune, as well as the novel he had planned to follow Chapterhouse Dune. Brian Patrick Herbert (born 1947 is a best selling American Author who lives in Washington state Kevin J Anderson (born March 27, 1962) is an American Science fiction Author. The Dune universe, or Duniverse, is the political, scientific, and social fictional setting of author Frank They have written two prequel series (Prelude to Dune and Legends of Dune) and have now released two post-Chapterhouse novels (Hunters of Dune and Sandworms of Dune) based on the Dune 7 outline Frank Herbert left behind at the time of his death. Prelude to Dune is a Prequel Trilogy of novels written by Brian Herbert and Kevin J Legends of Dune is a Prequel Trilogy of novels written by Brian Herbert and Kevin J Hunters of Dune is the first of the Duology written by Brian Herbert and Kevin J Sandworms of Dune is the second of the Duology written by Brian Herbert and Kevin J
Ideas and themes
I think science fiction does help, and it points in very interesting directions. It points in relativistic directions. It says that we have the imagination for these other opportunities, these other choices. We tend to tie ourselves down to limited choices. We say, "Well, the only answer is. . . . " or, "If you would just. . . . " Whatever follows these two statements narrows the choices right there. It gets the vision right down close to the ground so that you don't see anything happening outside. Humans tend not to see over a long range. Now we are required, in these generations, to have a longer range view of what we inflict on the world around us. This is where, I think, science fiction is helping. I don't think that the mere writing of such a book as Brave New World or 1984 prevents those things which are portrayed in those books from happening. Brave New World is a 1932 Novel by Aldous Huxley. Set in the London of AD 2540 (632 A Nineteen Eighty-Four (also titled 1984) by George Orwell (the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair) is a 1949 English Novel But I do think they alert us to that possibility and make that possibility less likely. They make us aware that we may be going in that direction
– Frank Herbert
Frank Herbert used his science fiction novels to explore complex ideas involving philosophy, religion, psychology, politics and ecology, which have inspired many of his readers to become interested in these areas. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of The underlying thrust in Frank Herbert's work was his fascination with the question of human survival and evolution. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Frank Herbert has attracted a sometimes fanatical fanbase, many of whom have tried to read everything Frank Herbert has written, fiction or non-fiction, and see Frank Herbert as something of an authority on the subject matters of his books. Indeed such was the devotion of some of his readers that Frank Herbert was at times asked if he was starting a cult,[4] something he was very much against. This article does not discuss "cult" in the original sense of "veneration" or "religious practice" for that usage see Cult (religious practice
There are a number of key themes in Herbert's work:
- A concern with leadership. The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading He especially explored the human tendency to slavishly follow charismatic leaders. He delved deeply into both the flaws and potentials of bureaucracy and government. Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government.
- Herbert was probably the first science fiction author to popularize ideas about ecology and systems thinking. Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Systems thinking is a unique approach to problem solving in that it views certain "problems" as parts of an overall system rather than focusing on individual outcomes and contributing He stressed the need for humans to think both systematically and long term.
- The relationship between religion, politics and power. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Power is a measure of a person's ability to control the environment around them including the behavior of other people
- Human survival and evolution: Herbert writes of the Fremen, the Sardaukar, and the Dosadi, who are molded by their terrible living conditions into dangerous super-races. The Fremen are a group of free people in the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert, who based them on the Bedouin and the Kalahari Bushmen The Sardaukar are a Jingoistic, Fictional army from Frank Herbert 's ''Dune'' universe, primarily featured in the Science fiction novel The Dosadi Experiment (1977 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert.
- Human possibilities and potential: Herbert offered Mentats, the Bene Gesserit and the Bene Tleilax as different visions of human possibilities. A Mentat is a profession or discipline in Frank Herbert 's Fictional ''Dune'' universe. The Bene Gesserit (from Latin or a Semitic language see the origin of the name) are a key social religious and political force in Frank Herbert The Bene Tleilax or Tleilaxu are an extremely xenophobic and isolationist society in the Fictional ''Dune'' universe created by
- The nature of sanity and madness. Sanity considered as a legal term denotes that an individual is of sound mind and therefore can bear Legal responsibility for his or her actions Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as Frank Herbert was interested in the work of Thomas Szasz and the anti-psychiatry movement. Thomas Stephen Szasz (pronounced /sas/ born April 15, 1920 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Psychiatrist and Academic. See also Psychiatry See also Biopsychiatry controversy Anti-psychiatry refers to a post-1960s configuration of groups and theoretical constructs Often, Herbert questions, "What is sane?", and while there are clearly insane behaviors and psychopathies as evinced by characters (Piter De Vries for instance), it is often suggested that "normal" and "abnormal" are relative terms which humans are sometimes ill-equipped to apply to one another, especially on the basis of statistical regularity. Piter De Vries is a Fictional character from the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert.
- The possible effects and consequences of consciousness altering chemicals, such as Spice in the Dune saga. Melange is the name of the Fictional drug (also known as spice) central to the Dune series of Science fiction Novels
- How language shapes thought. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Thought and thinking are mental forms and Processes respectively ("thought" is both More specifically, Frank Herbert was influenced by Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics. Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski (kɔ'ʐɨpski ( July 3, 1879 &ndash March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American Philosopher The term General Semantics refers to a non- Aristotelian Educational Discipline created by Alfred Korzybski (1879–1950 during the years
- Sociobiology. Sociobiology is a neo-Darwinian and Socialism Synthesis of Scientific disciplines that attempts to explain Social behavior How our instincts unconsciously influence our behavior and society.
- Learning, teaching and thinking. In the fields of Neuropsychology, Personal development and Education, Learning is one of the most important Mental function of humans In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or Thought and thinking are mental forms and Processes respectively ("thought" is both
Frank Herbert carefully refrained from offering his readers firm answers to many of the questions he explored.
Status and impact in science fiction
Dune and the Dune saga constitute one of the world's best-selling science fiction series and novels; Dune in particular has received widespread critical acclaim, winning the Nebula Award in 1965 and sharing the Hugo Award in 1966, and is frequently considered one of the best science fiction novels ever, if not the best. The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction [5]. According to contemporary Robert A. Heinlein, Herbert's opus was "powerful, convincing, and most ingenious. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. "
Dune is also considered a landmark novel for a number of reasons:
- Like Heinlein's 1961 Stranger in a Strange Land, Herbert's 1963 novella and 1965 novel, Dune, represented a move toward a more literary approach to the science fiction novel. Stranger in a Strange Land is a best-selling 1961 Hugo Award -winning Science fiction Novel by Robert A Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Before this period, it was often said that all a science fiction novel needed to be successful was a great technological idea. Characterization and great story took a distant second place.
- Dune is a landmark of soft science fiction. Soft science fiction, or soft SF, like its complementary opposite Hard science fiction, is a descriptive term that points to the role and nature of the Herbert deliberately suppressed technology in his Dune universe so he could address the future of humanity, rather than the future of humanity's technology. Dune considers the way humans and their institutions might change over time.
- Dune was the first major ecological science fiction novel. Frank Herbert was a great popularizer of scientific ideas; many of his fans credit Frank Herbert for introducing them to philosophy and psychology. In Dune he helped popularize the term ecology and some of the field's concepts, vividly imparting a sense of planetary awareness. Gerald Jonas explains in the New York Times Book Review: "So completely did Mr. Herbert work out the interactions of man and beast and geography and climate that Dune became the standard for a new sub-genre of 'ecological' science fiction. " As popularity of Dune rose, Herbert embarked on a lecture tour of college campuses, explaining how the environmental concerns of Dune's inhabitants were analogous to our own.
- Dune is considered truly epic world building. The Library Journal reports that "Dune is to science fiction what The Lord of the Rings is to fantasy. Library Journal is a trade publication for Librarians It was founded in 1876 by Melvil Dewey (familiar as the inventor of the Dewey The Lord of the Rings is an epic " Frank Herbert imagined every facet of his creation. He lovingly included glossaries, quotes, documents, and histories, to bring his universe alive to his readers. No science fiction novel before it had such a deeply realized reality.
Herbert wrote more than twenty novels after Dune that are regarded as being of variable quality. Books like The Green Brain, The Santaroga Barrier seemed to hark back to the days before Dune, when a good technological idea was all that was needed to drive a sci-fi novel. The Green Brain (1966 initially published as Greenslaves, is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. The Santaroga Barrier (1968 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. And some fans of the Dune saga are critical of the follow-up novels as being subpar.
Herbert never again equalled the critical acclaim he received for Dune. Neither his sequels to Dune nor any of his other books won a Hugo or Nebula Award, although almost all of them were New York Times Bestsellers. Some felt that Children of Dune was almost too literary and too dark to get the recognition it may have deserved; others felt that The Dosadi Experiment lacked an epic quality that fans had come to expect.
Also largely overlooked because of the concentration on "Dune" was Herbert's 1973 novel, Hellstrom's Hive, with its minutely worked-out depiction of a human society modeled on social insects, which could be counted a major utopia/dystopia. Hellstrom's Hive (1973 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert. Eusociality ( Greek eu: "good" + "social" is a term used for the highest level of social organization in a hierarchical classification Utopia is a name for an ideal community taken from the title of a book written in 1516 by Sir Thomas More describing a fictional Island in the A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society
Malcolm Edwards in the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction wrote:
Much of Herbert's work makes difficult reading. Malcolm John Edwards (born 1949) is a British editor and critic in the Science fiction field The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction is a Reference work on Science fiction. His ideas were genuinely developed concepts, not merely decorative notions, but they were sometimes embodied in excessively complicated plots and articulated in prose which did not always match the level of thinking . . . His best novels, however, were the work of a speculative intellect with few rivals in modern science fiction.
Film adaptations
A film of the novel, Dune, was directed by David Lynch in 1984. This article is about the 1984 film See Frank Herbert's Dune for the 2000 television adaptation David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Although panned by many fans and film critics, Frank Herbert was pleased with the movie. It has done well on video and DVD.
The Sci Fi Channel produced a commercially successful 2000 television miniseries called Frank Herbert's Dune. A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes Frank Herbert's Dune is a three-part Miniseries based on the 1965 novel Dune by Frank Herbert. The Dune saga continued with a sequel miniseries in 2003 entitled Frank Herbert's Children of Dune, which combined the novels Dune Messiah and Children of Dune. A sequel is a work in Literature, Film, or other media that portrays events following those of a previous work Frank Herbert's Children of Dune is the 2003 Sequel to the 2000 Miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune produced by the United States
Production is underway at Paramount Pictures for a new film based on Dune, directed by Peter Berg and with the participation of Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Peter Berg (born March 11 1962 is an American actor Film director, producer and writer Anderson. The studio hopes the remake will be a "tentpole film," and potentially lead to a new franchise based on Herbert's series. [6][7][8]
Bibliography
Fiction
Dune novels
- Dune: Serial publication: Analog, December 1963 – February 1964 (Part I, as "Dune World"), and January – May 1965 (Parts II and III, as "The Prophet of Dune"). Dune is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965. First edition: Philadelphia: Chilton Books, 1965.
- Dune Messiah: Serial publication: Galaxy, July – November 1969. Dune Messiah is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, the second in a series of six novels First edition: New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970.
- Children of Dune: Serial publication: Analog, January – April 1976, "Children of Dune". Children of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, third in a series of six novels set in the ''Dune'' universe. First edition: New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1976.
- God Emperor of Dune, New York: G. God Emperor of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert published in 1981, the fourth in the Dune series P. Putnam's Sons, 1981.
- Heretics of Dune, New York: G. Heretics of Dune is a 1984 Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, fifth in a series of six novels P. Putnam's Sons, 1984.
- Chapterhouse: Dune, New York: G. Chapterhouse Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, last in his series of six Dune novels P. Putnam's Sons, 1985.
Other novels
- The Dragon in the Sea: Serial publication: Astounding, November 1955 – January 1956. The Dragon in the Sea (1956 also known as Under Pressure from its serialization is a novel by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: Doubleday, 1956. Also titled Under Pressure and 21st Century Sub,
- The Green Brain: Serial publication: Amazing, March 1965, under the title "Greenslaves. The Green Brain (1966 initially published as Greenslaves, is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. " First edition: New York: Ace, 1966.
- Destination: Void: Serial publication: Galaxy, August 1965, as "Do I Wake or Dream?"First edition: New York: Berkeley, 1966 revised in 1978. Destination Void (1966 is the first Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert
- The Eyes of Heisenberg: Serial publication: Galaxy, June – August 1966, as "Heisenberg's Eyes. The Eyes of Heisenberg (1966 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. " First edition: New York: Berkeley, 1966.
- The Heaven Makers: Serial publication: Amazing, April – June 1967. The Heaven Makers (1968 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: Avon, 1968
- The Santaroga Barrier: Serial publication: Amazing, October 1967 – February 1968. The Santaroga Barrier (1968 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: Berkeley, 1968
- Whipping Star: Serial publication: Worlds of If, January – April 1970. Whipping Star (1970 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970.
- Soul Catcher, New York: G. Soul Catcher (1972 is a Novel by the Science fiction writer Frank Herbert. P. Putnam's Sons, 1972.
- The Godmakers: Serial publication: "You Take the High Road", Astounding, May 1958, "Missing Link", Astounding, February 1959, "Operation Haystack", Astounding, May 1959 and "The Priests of Psi" Fantastic, February 1960. The Godmakers (1972 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1972.
- Hellstrom's Hive: Serial publication: Galaxy, November 1972 – March 1973, "Project 40. Hellstrom's Hive (1973 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert. " First edition: New York: Doubleday, 1973.
- The Dosadi Experiment: Serial publication: Galaxy, May – August 1977 "The Dosadi Experiment". The Dosadi Experiment (1977 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1977.
- The Jesus Incident (with Bill Ransom): Serial publication: Analog, February 1979. The Jesus Incident (1979 is the second Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert
- Direct Descent: Serial publication: Astounding, December 1954, "Packrat Planet". Direct Descent (1980 is a short Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. First edition: New York: Ace Books, 1980.
- The White Plague, New York: G. The White Plague (1982 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. P. Putnam's Sons, 1982.
- The Lazarus Effect (with Bill Ransom), New York: G. The Lazarus Effect (1983 is the third Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert P. Putnam's Sons, 1983.
- Man of Two Worlds (with Brian Herbert), New York: G. Man of Two Worlds (1986 is a novel written by Brian and Frank Herbert. P. Putnam's Sons, 1986.
- The Ascension Factor (with Bill Ransom), New York: G. The Ascension Factor (1988 is the fourth and final Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank P. Putnam's Sons, 1988.
Short fiction collections
- The Worlds of Frank Herbert, London: New English Library, 1970. The Worlds of Frank Herbert (1970 is a collection of eight short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert.
- The Book of Frank Herbert, New York: DAW Books, 1973. The Book of Frank Herbert (1973 is a collection of ten short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert.
- The Best of Frank Herbert, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1975. The Best of Frank Herbert (1975 is a collection of thirteen short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert and edited
- The Priests of Psi, London: Gollancz Ltd, 1980. The Priests of Psi (1980 is a collection of five short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert.
- Eye (Jim Burns, illustrator), New York: Berkeley, 1985. Eye (1985 is a collection of thirteen short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert. For the former Scottish footballer see Jim Burns (footballer Jim Burns ( August 30, 1948) is a Welsh artist born in
Short fiction
- "Survival of the Cunning," Esquire, March 1945.
- "Yellow Fire," Alaska Life (Alaska Territorial Magazine), June 1947.
- "Looking for Something?" Startling Stories, April 1952.
- "Operation Syndrome," Astounding, June 1954. also in T. E. Dikty's Best Science Fiction Stories and Novels, 1955 series
- "The Gone Dogs," Amazing, November 1954.
- "Packrat Planet," Astounding, December 1954.
- "Rat Race," Astounding, July 1955.
- "Occupation Force," Fantastic, August 1955.
- "The Nothing," Fantastic Universe, January 1956.
- "Cease Fire," Astounding, January 1956.
- "Old Rambling House," Galaxy, April 1958.
- "You Take the High Road," Astounding, May 1958.
- "A Matter of Traces," Fantastic Universe, November 1958. "A Matter of Traces" is a Short story by Science fiction author Frank Herbert which first appeared in Fantastic Universe
- "Missing Link," Astounding, February 1959. also in Author's Choice, ed. Harry Harrison, New York: Berkeley, 1968.
- "Operation Haystack," Astounding, May 1959.
- "The Priests of Psi," Fantastic, February 1960.
- "Egg and Ashes," Worlds of If, November 1960.
- "A-W-F Unlimited," Galaxy, June 1961.
- "Try to Remember," Amazing, October 1961.
- "Mating Call," Galaxy, October 1961.
- "Mindfield," Amazing, March 1962.
- "The Mary Celeste Move," Analog, October 1964.
- "The Tactful Saboteur," Galaxy, October 1964. "The Tactful Saboteur" is a Novelette by the Science fiction author Frank Herbert which first appeared in Galaxy Science Fiction
- "Greenslaves," Amazing, March 1965.
- "Committee of the Whole," Galaxy, April 1965.
- "The GM Effect," Analog, June 1965.
- "Do I Wake or Dream?" Galaxy, August 1965.
- "The Primitives," Galaxy, April 1966.
- "Escape Felicity," Analog, June 1966.
- "By the Book," Analog, August 1966.
- "The Featherbedders," Analog, August 1967.
- "The Mind Bomb" (aka "The Being Machine"), Worlds of If, October 1969.
- "Seed Stock," Analog, April 1970.
- "Murder Will In," The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, May 1970.
- "Project 40" (three installments), Galaxy, November 1972 – March 1973. also in Five Fates, New York: Doubleday, 1970.
- "Encounter in a Lonely Place," The Book of Frank Herbert, New York: DAW Books, 1973.
- "Gambling Device," The Book of Frank Herbert New York, DAW Books, 1973.
- "Passage for Piano," The Book of Frank Herbert New York, DAW Books, 1973.
- "The Death of a City," Future City, ed. Roger Elwood. Trident Press: New York, 1973.
- "Come to the Party" with F. M Busby, Analog, December 1978.
- "Songs of a Sentient Flute," Analog, February 1979.
- "Frogs and Scientists," Destinies, Ace Books, August-September 1979. "Frogs and Scientists" is a short short story by Science fiction author Frank Herbert which first appeared in the August-September 1979
- "Feathered Pigs," Destinies, Ace Books, October-December 1979.
- "The Road to Dune," Eye, New York: Berkeley 1985. The Road to Dune is a Science fiction companion book to the ''Dune'' novels by Frank Herbert, Brian Herbert and Kevin J Eye (1985 is a collection of thirteen short stories written by Science fiction author Frank Herbert.
Nonfiction
Nonfiction Books
- New World or No World (editor), New York: Ace Books, 1970 (paper).
- Threshold: The Blue Angels Experience, New York: Ballantine, 1973 (paper). Companion to documentary of same name about Blue Angels flight team. The United States Navy 's Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, popularly known as the Blue Angels, was formed in 1946 and was the world's first officially sanctioned
- Without Me, You're Nothing (with Max Barnard), New York: Pocket Books, 1981 (hardcover).
Essays and introductions
- Introduction to Saving Worlds, by Roger Elwood and Virginia Kidd. Roger Elwood ( January 13, 1943 - February 2, 2007) was an American Science fiction writer and editor perhaps best known Virginia Kidd ( June 2, 1921 - January 11, 2003) was an American Literary agent, writer and editor particularly influential New York: Doubleday, 1973. Reissued by Bantam Books as The Wounded Planet.
- "Introduction: Tomorrow's Alternatives?" in Frontiers 1: Tomorrow's Alternatives, ed. Roger Elwood. New York: Macmillan, 1973.
- Introduction to Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow. Heitz, Herbert, Joor McGee. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.
- "Listening to the Left Hand", Harper's Magazine, December 1973, pp. 92 – 100.
- "Science Fiction and a World Crisis" in Science Fiction: Today and Tomorrow, ed. Reginald Bretnor. New York: Harper and Row, 1974.
- "Men on Other Planets", The Craft of Science Fiction, ed. Reginald Bretnor. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.
- "The Sky is Going to Fall", in Seriatim: The Journal of Ecotopia, No. 2, Spring 1977, pp. 88 – 89. (slightly different article appeared in The San Francisco Examiner "Overview" column, July 4, 1976. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. )
- "The ConSentiency and How it Got That Way", Galaxy, May 1977 (may be considered as a fiction story and therefore in the "Original Single Story" section)
- "Dune Genesis", Omni, July 1980. OMNI was a Science magazine and Science fiction magazine published in the USA.
Significant newspaper articles
- "Flying Saucers: Fact or Farce?", San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle, people supplement, October 20, 1963. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- "2068 A. D. ", San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle, California Living section, July 28, 1968. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- "We're Losing the Smog War" (part 1). San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle, California Living section, December 1, 1968. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- "Lying to Ourselves About Air" (part 2). San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle, California Living section, December 8, 1968. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- "You Can Go Home Again. " San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle, California Living section, March 29, 1970. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. (Refers to some of Herbert's childhood experiences in the Northwest)
Other publications
Poetry
- "Carthage: Reflections of a Martian", Mars, We Love You, ed. Jane Hipolito and Willis E. McNelly. New York: Doubleday, 1971.
Audio recordings
- Dune: The Banquet Scene, New York: Caedmon Records, 1977.
- Sandworms of Dune, New York: Caedmon Records, 1978.
Interviews
Limited bibliography by universe
Dune universe
Main article: Dune universe
ConSentiency universe
Destination: Void universe
Books about Frank Herbert and Dune
- Cliffs Notes on Herbert's Dune & Other Works, by L David Allen, Lincoln, NE: Cliffs Notes, 1975, ISBN 0-8220-1231-6
- Frank Herbert, by Timothy O'Reilly Serial publication: none First edition: New York: Frederick Ungar, 1980. The Dune universe, or Duniverse, is the political, scientific, and social fictional setting of author Frank Dune is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965. Dune Messiah is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, the second in a series of six novels Children of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, third in a series of six novels set in the ''Dune'' universe. God Emperor of Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert published in 1981, the fourth in the Dune series Heretics of Dune is a 1984 Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, fifth in a series of six novels Chapterhouse Dune is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, last in his series of six Dune novels The ConSentiency is the first of three volume-spanning universes created by Science fiction author Frank Herbert; the others are the ''Dune'' universe and "A Matter of Traces" is a Short story by Science fiction author Frank Herbert which first appeared in Fantastic Universe "The Tactful Saboteur" is a Novelette by the Science fiction author Frank Herbert which first appeared in Galaxy Science Fiction Whipping Star (1970 is a Science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. The Dosadi Experiment (1977 is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert. The Destination Void universe, or Pandora Sequence, is the third of three volume-spanning universes created by Science fiction author Frank Herbert Destination Void (1966 is the first Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert The Jesus Incident (1979 is the second Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert The Lazarus Effect (1983 is the third Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Herbert The Ascension Factor (1988 is the fourth and final Science fiction novel set in the ''Destination Void'' universe by the American author Frank Online version of this out-of-print book
- Starmont Reader's Guide 5: Frank Herbert, by David M Miller, Mercer Island, WA: Starmont, 1980, ISBN 0-916732-16-9
- The Dune Encyclopedia, compiled and edited by Dr. The Dune Encyclopedia is a 1984 collection of essays written by Dr Willis E. McNelly, New York: Berkeley Publishing Group, 1984 (trade paper), ISBN 0-425-06813-7 (US edition).
- The Maker of Dune, edited by Timothy O'Reilly, New York: Berkeley Publishing Group, 1987 (trade paper).
- Dune Master: A Frank Herbert Bibliography, by Daniel JH Levack and Mark Willard, Westport, CT: Meckler, 1988, ISBN 0-88736-099-8
- SparkNotes: Dune, Frank Herbert, by Jason Clarke, New York: Spark Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-58663-510-7
- Dreamer of Dune : The Biography of Frank Herbert, by Brian Herbert, New York: Tor Books, 2003.
References
- ^ "SCI FI Channel Auction to Benefit Reading Is Fundamental". Retrieved on 2006-07-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to “"Since its debut in 1965, Frank Herbert’s Dune has sold over 12 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling science fiction novel of all time . . . Frank Herbert's Dune saga is one of the greatest 20th Century contributions to literature. "”
- ^ Touponce, William F. (1988), Frank Herbert, Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co, pg. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. 119, ISBN 0-8057-7514-5. Locus ran a poll of readers on 15 April 1975 in which Dune "was voted the all-time best science-fiction novel. Locus is a monthly American Magazine, subtitled "The Magazine Of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field" Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. . . It has sold over ten million copies in numerous editions. "
- ^ Touponce, William F. (1988), written at Boston, Massachusetts, Frank Herbert, Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co, ISBN 0-8057-7514-5; PS3558. E63Z89 - Chronology
- ^ Omni Magazine, June 1980
- ^ "His dominant intellectual impulse was not to mystify or set himself up as a prophet, but the opposite – to turn what powers of analysis he had (and they wree considerable) over to his audience. And this impulse is as manifest in Dune, which many people consider the all-time best science fiction novel, as it is in his computer book, Without Me You're Nothing. ppg 2, Touponce 1988
- ^ "Berg to direct Dune for Paramount.". Variety. com (2008-03-17). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ "New Dune Film from Paramount.". DuneNovels. com (2008-03-18). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ HT Syndication. "Peter Berg to direct Dune adaptation. " Hindustan Times. 18 March 2008. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
External links
| Persondata |
|---|
| NAME | Herbert, Frank |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Herbert Jr. Tim O'Reilly (Tadhg Ó Raghallaigh is the founder of O'Reilly Media (formerly O'Reilly & Associates and a supporter of the Free software and open source , Frank; Herbert, Frank Patrick |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American author and journalist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 8, 1920(1920-10-08) |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tacoma, Washington |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 11, 1986 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Madison, Wisconsin |
Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
network: | |