Fort Dearborn, named in honor of Henry Dearborn, was a United States fort built on the Chicago River in 1803 by troops under Captain John Whistler. Henry Dearborn ( February 23, 1751 – June 6, 1829) was an American physician statesman and veteran of both the American Revolutionary The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The Chicago River is 156 miles (251 km long and flows through downtown Chicago. See " Captain " for other versions of this rank In the uniformed services of the United States, captain is a federal John Whistler (ca 1756 – 3 September 1829) was a soldier born in Ulster, Ireland. It was on the site of the present-day city of Chicago. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The site of the fort is a Chicago Landmark.
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Early history
In 1810, when Whistler was recalled to Detroit, Michigan, he was succeeded by Captain Nathan Heald. Nathan Heald ( New Ipswich, New Hampshire September 24, 1775 - O'Fallon, Missouri April 27, 1832) It was located at what is now the intersection of Wacker Drive and Michigan Avenue in the Loop community area of Chicago at the foot of the Magnificent Mile. Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south Michigan Avenue is a major north-south street in Chicago which runs at 100 east (except for one private block that runs at 125 east south of the Chicago River and at 132 East Population According to the 2000 Census, 16388 people live in the Loop The City of Chicago is divided into seventy-seven community areas.
During the War of 1812, General William Hull ordered the evacuation of Fort Dearborn in August of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies William Hull ( June 24, 1753 &ndash November 29, 1825) was an American Soldier and Politician. Heald oversaw the evacuation, but on August 15 the evacuees were ambushed by about 500 Potawatomi Indians in the Fort Dearborn Massacre. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed The Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie and Pottawatomi, among many variations) are a Native American people of the upper Mississippi The Fort Dearborn massacre occurred on August 15, 1812, near Fort Dearborn, Illinois Territory (in what is now Chicago, The Potawatomi captured Heald and his wife, Rebekah, and ransomed them to the British. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Of the 148 soldiers, women and children who evacuated the fort, 86 were killed in the ambush. The Potawatomi burned the fort to the ground the next day. Following the war, a second Fort Dearborn was built in 1816. This fort consisted of a double wall of wooden palisade, officer and enlisted barracks, a garden, and other buildings. palisade is a steel or wooden Fence or wall of variable height usually used as a defensive structure Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post
Alexander Beaubien
Alexander Beaubien was said to have been the first child of European ancestry born in Chicago. His mother was Josette La Framboise, herself half Native American, and his father was Jean Baptiste Beaubien. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Alexander's father was an agent of John Jacob Astor, who bought furs from the natives. For other pages relating to Astor see John Jacob Astor (disambiguation John Jacob Astor (born Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob Astor) ( July The boy was born in Fort Dearborn on January 28, 1822. He saw Chicago grow to become the second largest city in the country before dying on March 26, 1907, after a long illness. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [1]
Later years and legacy
The American forces garrisoned the fort until 1823, when peace with the Indians led the garrison to be deemed redundant. This temporary abandonment lasted until 1828, when it was regarrisoned following the outbreak of war with the Winnebago Indians. The Ho-Chunk, or Winnebago (as they are commonly called are a tribe of Native Americans, native to what are now Wisconsin and Illinois. Closed briefly before the Black Hawk War of 1832, part of the fort was demolished to make way for a new channel for the Chicago River. The Black Hawk War was fought in 1832 in the Midwestern United States. The Chicago River is 156 miles (251 km long and flows through downtown Chicago. By 1837, the fort was being used by the Superintendent of Harbor Works.
In 1857, a fire destroyed nearly all the remaining buildings in the fort. The forts tower bell was rescued from the remains by Police Constable Jacob Schoenewald and donated for use in the bell tower of St. Joseph's Catholic Church during its construction in 1864. The blockhouse and the few surviving outbuildings were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. In Military science, a blockhouse is a small isolated Fort in the form of a single building The Great Chicago Fire was a Conflagration that burned from Sunday October 8 to early Tuesday October 10 1871 killing hundreds and destroying about four square miles in
In 1933, a United States postage stamp was issued in honor of the fort. Part of the fort outline is marked by plaques and a line embedded in the sidewalk and road near the Michigan Avenue Bridge and Wacker Drive. A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal ceramic stone wood or other material typically attached to a wall stone or other vertical surface and bearing The Michigan Avenue Bridge is a Bascule bridge that carries Michigan Avenue across the Chicago River, the boundary between the Loop and Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south A few boards from the old fort were retained and are now in the Chicago History Museum in Lincoln Park. Chicago History Museum (formerly known as the Chicago Historical Society) was founded in 1856 Lincoln Park may refer to several Towns Neighborhoods Parks and census-designated places in the United States and Canada, as well
The site of the fort was designated a Chicago Landmark on September 15, 1971. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [2]
Gallery
 a sculpture on Michigan Ave. Bridge commemorates the Fort Dearborn Massacre |  the same bridge at daytime |  The inscription under the bridge |  Chicago Landmark plaque |
 Sidewalk marker |
References
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9A05E4DE1F3AE133A25755C2A9659C946697D6CF&oref=slogin New York Times
- ^ Site of Fort Dearborn. The Fort Dearborn massacre occurred on August 15, 1812, near Fort Dearborn, Illinois Territory (in what is now Chicago, City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division (2003). Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
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