Citizendia

This article deals with relations between the European Union and third countries. For the workings of foreign policy, see Common Foreign and Security Policy. This article deals with the workings of European Union foreign policy
The EU, related countries, ENP countries and ACP countries.
The EU, related countries, ENP countries and ACP countries. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention.

Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states, foreign relations is still a largely inter-governmental matter, with the 27 members controlling their own relations to a large degree. European integration is the process of political legal economic (and in some cases social and cultural integration of European states including some states that are partly in Europe The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto However with the Union holding more weight as a single bloc, there are at times attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters.

Contents

European relations

European Union

This article is part of the series:
Foreign relations of the
European Union

Policy

CFSP High Representative

Javier Solana

ER Commissioner

Benita Ferrero-Waldner
Candidates
SAA states
EFTA/EEA
Eastern Partnership
Mediterranean Union
Other relations
See also

Neighbourhood Policy · ACP · Economic Relations · Diplomatic Missions · Security · Military · Eurosphere · ESDP missions

 v • d • e 

Relations with other European States are largely centred on the prospect of Enlargement, or integration short of it. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in This article deals with the workings of European Union foreign policy The High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (HR is the main co-ordinator of the Common Foreign and Security Policy within the European Union Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga, PhD (born 14 July 1942 in Madrid, Spain is the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP The Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy is a member of the European Commission with responsibility over the Commissions external representation JUDrBenita Ferrero-Waldner (born September 5 1948) is the European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy and an Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. Croatia applied for European Union membership in 2003 and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate in early 2004 The accession of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the European Union is one of the highest strategic priorities for the country's government Turkey's application to acceede to the European Union (previously the European Communities) was made on 14 April 1987 In talks with countries who have expressed the wish to join the European Union (EU the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political Albania was the first of the officially recognized Potential Candidate countries to start the negotiations of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement in 2003 The accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union faces many economic and political problems today Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism is the mirror instrument of the Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP for Kosovo. Serbia and Montenegro started the process of Accession to the European Union in November 2005 when negotiations over a Stabilisation and Association Agreement began Accession of Serbia to the European Union depends on several factors The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe The relationship between Iceland and the European Union is currently defined through Iceland 's membership of the European Economic Area, which allows the country access There are a number of Microstates in Europe; due to their size they are often closely linked with another larger state History See also Norwegian EC referendum 1972 and Norwegian EU referendum 1994 In 1963 Norway and the United Switzerland took part in negotiating the European Economic Area agreement with the European Union. The Eastern Partnership is a project which was formally proposed to be initiated by the European Union (EU Armenia and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years Azerbaijan and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years Belarus and the European Union refers to relations between the Republic of Belarus and the European Union. Georgia and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years and it is widely considered to be the closest ally and most likely of future Moldova currently aspires to join the European Union and is implementing its first three-year Action Plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy According to the European parliament the EU is seeking an increasingly close relationship with Ukraine going beyond cooperation to gradual economic integration and deepening of political cooperation The Union for the Mediterranean (Union pour la Méditerranée previously known as the Relations between Israel and the European Union are generally positive The relationship between Morocco and the European Union was established some decades ago There are a number of Microstates in Europe; due to their size they are often closely linked with another larger state Cape Verde is an Island nation part of the Macaronesian group of islands of the Atlantic Ocean and was a former Portuguese colony during the As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so Greenland originally joined the European Community with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 after a dispute over fishing rights and a referendum on the issue Relations between Canada and the European Union (EU and its forerunners date back to the 1950s The European Union arms embargo on the People's Republic of China is an Embargo which was imposed by the European Union (EU member states on the People's Euro-American relations are the bilateral relations between the European Union (EU and the United States of America (USA The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. The member states of the European Union speak with the same voice on many issues The European Security and Defence Policy or ESDP is a major element of the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar of the European Union At present there is no military of the European Union, as the European integration has not developed very far in the area of defence The concept of the ‘ Eurosphere ’ or ‘ European Empire the academic at the University of Oxford, Jan Zielonka the strategist and European Union Director-General Since 2002 the European Union has become increasingly active abroad under the European Security and Defence Policy. Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. See also: Third country relationships with the European Union.

Western Europe

Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein are part of the European Economic Area, inside the European Union's single market. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny doubly landlocked Alpine country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Switzerland is outside the EEA but is connected by bilateral agreements and the European Free Trade Association. The European Free Trade Association ( EFTA) is a European Trade bloc which was established on 3 May 1960 as an alternative for European states who were either The other States are micro-states, Andorra, San Marino, Monaco and the Vatican City, they all use the Euro as their currency and with the exception of the latter two have a customs union with the EU and Andorra is the only State to maintain border-controls with it. A microstate or ministate is a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area but usually both Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Euro Enlargement of the A customs union is a Free trade area with a Common external tariff. None of these countries however have any political integration with the Union. Relations with: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Microstates. The relationship between Iceland and the European Union is currently defined through Iceland 's membership of the European Economic Area, which allows the country access History See also Norwegian EC referendum 1972 and Norwegian EU referendum 1994 In 1963 Norway and the United Switzerland took part in negotiating the European Economic Area agreement with the European Union. There are a number of Microstates in Europe; due to their size they are often closely linked with another larger state

Western Balkans and Turkey

The western Balkans and Turkey are all candidates, or potential candidates, for Union membership. Relations with these states are governed by association agreements and their membership negotiations. A European Union Association Agreement (for short Association Agreement or AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU and a non-EU country that creates These countries often participate in larger Union projects such as the Energy Community or Single European Sky. The Treaty establishing the Energy Community (also known as Energy Community South East Europe Treaty or ECSEE) was signed in Athens, Greece The Single European Sky is a European Commission initiative by See: Enlargement of the European Union

Europe failed to intervene in the Yugoslav wars.
Europe failed to intervene in the Yugoslav wars. Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and

The Union has had a long standing commitment to the Western Balkans after the Community failed to develop a policy to intervene in the wars in the former Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and That failure has spurred the development of the CFSP and expansion in the region to create stability there.

Eastern Europe

Although further eastern European countries are able to join, there is little chance in the near future due to the current agenda and the stalling of the European Constitution, therefore these States, along with Mediterranean countries, participate in the European Neighbourhood Policy (with the exception of Russia). The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an unimplemented international Treaty intended The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. Political leaders and politicians in Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine favour eventual EU membership while others such as Belarus have often being scorned by Brussels due to poor democratic and human rights standards. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Relations with: Armenia, Azerbaijan Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. Armenia and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years Azerbaijan and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years Belarus and the European Union refers to relations between the Republic of Belarus and the European Union. Georgia and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years and it is widely considered to be the closest ally and most likely of future Moldova currently aspires to join the European Union and is implementing its first three-year Action Plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy According to the European parliament the EU is seeking an increasingly close relationship with Ukraine going beyond cooperation to gradual economic integration and deepening of political cooperation

Mediterranean

The countries around the Mediterranean have long been of interest in European foreign policy; a desire to create a "ring of friends" around the Union led to the creation of the European Neighbourhood Policy which covers the remainder of Eastern Europe and all other countries bordering the Mediterranean (including the Palestinian Authority and Jordan). The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern There are attempts to develop the relationship with the Barcelona Process and a Euro-Mediterranean free trade area. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (or Barcelona Process) started in 1995 with the Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Conference The Euro-Mediterranean free trade area (EU-MEFTA is based on the Barcelona Process and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP Nicolas Sarkozy has proposed a "Mediterranean Union". Nicolas Sarkozy (pronounced, The Union for the Mediterranean (Union pour la Méditerranée previously known as the Relations with: Israel, Morocco. Relations between Israel and the European Union are generally positive The relationship between Morocco and the European Union was established some decades ago

Relations with other countries

People's Republic of China

European leaders, like others, have been courting the PRC since its economic rise, however due to its authoritarian nature and the Union's concern for Human Rights, relations between Brussels and Beijing are often double edged. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 the Union has imposed an arms embargo on the country, some leads are keen to replace this however with more general rules on arms sales. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two The European Union arms embargo on the People's Republic of China is an Embargo which was imposed by the European Union (EU member states on the People's

There have been other disputes, such as the dispute over textile imports into the EU (Bra wars) with domestic European manufactures losing out to cheaper Chinese imported goods. The Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA also known as the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC governed the world trade in Textiles and garments from 1974 through 2004 imposing The PRC and EU are increasingly seeking cooperation, for example China joined the Galileo project investing €230 million and has been buying Airbus planes in return for a construction plant to be built in China; in 2006 China placed an order for 150 planes during a visit by the French President[1]. Galileo is a Global navigation satellite system currently being built by the European Union (EU and European Space Agency (ESA Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected

There are plans to replace the current 1985 EC-China Trade and Co-operation Agreement with a more comprehensive Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. A European Union Association Agreement (for short Association Agreement or AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU and a non-EU country that creates The Union is China's main largest trading partner, and China is the Union's second largest partner. [2][3]

India

See also: Indian - EU Foreign Relations

India was one of the first countries to develop relations with the Union, signing bilateral agreements in 1973, when the United Kingdom joined. The Republic of India is the world's most-populous Democracy and has one of the fastest economic growth rates in the world ( 8 India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The most recent cooperation agreement was signed in 1994 and an action plan was signed in 2005. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As of April 2007 the Commission is pursuing a free trade agreement with India. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [4]

The Union is India's largest trading partner, accounting for 20% of Indian trade. However India accounts for only 1. 8% of the EU's trade and attracts only 0. 3% of European Foreign Direct Investment, although still provides India's largest source. Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country During 2005 EU-India trade grew by 20. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 3%. [5]

There was controversy in 2006 when the Indian Mittal Steel Company sought to take-over the Luxembourg based steel company, Arcelor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Mittal Steel Company NV () was the world's largest Steel producer by volume and also the largest in turnover The city of Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg Luxemburg also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg Ville de Luxembourg Luxemburg Stadt is a commune with city Arcelor SA ( was the world's largest Steel producer in terms of turnover and the second largest in terms of steel output with a turnover of €30 The approach met with opposition from France and Luxembourg but was passed by the Commission who stated that were judging it on competition grounds only. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by (See: Arcelor-Mittal) [6]

Russia

Main article: Russia and the European Union

Russia is the Union's largest single neighbour and expressed a large degree of influence over eastern European and central Asian States. ArcelorMittal (,,) is the largest steel company in the world with 310000 employees in more than 60 countries Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast has, since 2004, been surrounded on land by EU members. Kaliningrad Oblast (Калинингра́дская о́бласть Kaliningradskaya oblast; informally called Yantarny kray (ru Янта́рный край meaning "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " As a result the Oblast has been isolated from the rest of the federation due to stricter border controls. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division

Moscow chose not to participate in the European Neighbourhood Policy, and instead to cooperate with the Union through "Common Spaces" (see main article). Russia also cooperates in the Northern Dimension. The Northern dimension is an initiative in the European Union regarding the cross-border and external policies covering Nordic countries, Baltic states

EU-Russia relations are highly influenced by the Union's dependence upon Russia as an energy supplier. Clashes with Russia over energy are common, with leaders expressing doubt in Russia's reliance after supplies were partially cut on two occasions by transit countries after a dispute with them (see Ukrainian and Belarusian gas disputes). The Russia-Belarus energy dispute began when Russian State-owned gas supplier Gazprom demanded an increase in gas prices paid by Belarus

The Union has since sought to diversify supplies away from Russia. [7] In April 2007, Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson described trust between Russia and the Union as being at its lowest level since the end of the Cold War as a result of the energy disputes. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Commissioner for External Trade is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union 's external trade policy Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953 called "Mandy" by much of the British News media, is a British Labour Politician who is the serving [8]

Russia has objected to plans to base US Anti-ballistic missile defence systems in Poland and the Czech Republic seeing the move as hostility towards it. An anti-ballistic missile (ABM is a Missile designed to counter Ballistic missiles (a missile for Missile defense) Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, With some former Eastern bloc states joining NATO without signing the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, Russia has suggested it suspend implementation until it is signed and ratified by all NATO countries[9]. During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were The North Atlantic Treaty The original Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe ( CFE) was negotiated and concluded during the last years of the Cold War and established comprehensive limits In addition, Moscow has suggested it may target its weapons towards European countries if US weapons are eventually based there. [10]

Following riots in Tallinn, the Estonian government moved a Soviet era war memorial (the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn) out of the city centre sparking indignation from Russia including "cyber-attacks" on Estonia. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union is covered in the following series of articles A war memorial is a building monument statue or other edifice to celebrate a War or victory or (predominating in modern times to commemorate those who died or were injured The Bronze Soldier (Pronkssõdur Бронзовый Солдат originally "Monument to the Liberators of Tallinn" ("Tallinna vabastajate monument" There followed a period of riots in Tallinn and around the Estonian embassy in Moscow[11]. The Bronze Night (Pronksiöö also known as the April Unrest (Aprillirahutused and April Events (Aprillisündmused refer to the riots and controversy surrounding A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of

Further problems include: a ban by Russia on Polish meat exports (due to allegations of low quality and unsafe meat exported from the country[12]), which caused Poland to veto proposed EU-Russia pacts issues such as energy and migration; an oil blockade on Lithuania; and concerns by Latvia and Poland on the Nord Stream pipeline[13]. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Nord Stream (Северный поток Nordeuropäische Gasleitung Gazociąg Północny former names North Transgas and North European Gas Pipeline; also

There have been agreements on other matters such as withdrawal of taxes on EU flights overflying Siberia. Outside the EU, Russia is a member of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 As a member Russian citizens are able to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, where 363 judgements concerning Russia were brought to the court between 2002 and 2006, with 352 of those going against Russia. The European Court of Human Rights ( ECtHR) (Cour européenne des droits de l’homme in Strasbourg was established under the European Convention on Human Rights It does however largely comply with the court. [14]

United States of America

President Barroso meeting President Bush at the White House in 2003.
President Barroso meeting President Bush at the White House in 2003. The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union. José Manuel Durão Barroso (ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃ũ bɐˈʁozu born 23 March 1956 is the 12th President of the European Commission. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Main article: Euro-American relations

The United States is often seen as Europe's strategic partner, being ideologically and culturally similar as well as tied together through the NATO alliance. Euro-American relations are the bilateral relations between the European Union (EU and the United States of America (USA The North Atlantic Treaty However recently, a number of rifts have emerged, particularly visible since the Iraq war. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign

As the European Union is built on a basis of international cooperation and the pooling of sovereignty for mutual benefit, it naturally seeks a similar approach in the rest of the world. It supports the United Nations and International Criminal Court as well as agreements such as the Kyoto protocol and human rights agreements. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The International Criminal Court ( ICC or ICCt) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for Genocide, crimes against The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases in an effort In contrast the United States has been taking a more unilateralist approach with a greater willingness to use military hard power above the European style soft power techniques. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Iraq and the War on terror are heavily criticised in Europe. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U However there still a relative amount of cooperation, in NATO and outside. For example, they have recently finalised an Open skies agreement. Open skies refers to a bilateral (and sometimes Multilateral) Air Transport Agreement which liberalizes the rules for international In April 2007 President-in-Council Angela Merkel agreed with the US an economic pact on a common market. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The European Council (referred to as a European Summit) is the highest political body of the European Union. (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. [15] Merkel hopes for it to be established by 2015. 2015 ( MMXV) will be a Common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. [16] See also: EU-US Issues of contention. Transatlantic relations refers to the historic cultural political economic and social relations between countries on both side of the Atlantic Ocean.

However there is difference between member-states in relations towards the United States, a number of governments supported the Iraq war for example. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign These states tend to be the more eurosceptic governments, namely the United Kingdom, Poland and the Czech Republic, the latter two have agreed to host elements of the United States' ballistic missile defence shield against public opinion on the matter, as was the case with the Iraq war. Euroscepticism Euro (disambiguation --> has become a general term for opposition to the process The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Union as a whole is against the shield on the grounds that it would do little against real threats and would just antagonise countries such as Russia into another Cold War arms race. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

Pakistan

See also: Pakistani - EU Foreign Relations

Since the start of its cooperation with Pakistan in 1976, the Commission has committed more than €500 million to projects and programmes. The Republic of India is the world's most-populous Democracy and has one of the fastest economic growth rates in the world ( 8 Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During the 1980s the Commission launched a mix of infrastructure and social development projects which focused on development of roads, bridges, a fishing harbour facility, rural electricity infrastructure, livestock, education, vocational training and integrated rural development. In the 1990s the Commission streamlined and consolidated its portfolio and reoriented its activities towards policy-based social sector investment programmes, placing greater emphasis on human development and environmental management in line with shifts in government policy. In addition, the Commission provided support to smaller-scale operations with NGOs in areas such as population welfare, child labour, income generation, drug demand reduction and rural health. Under the previous CSP, the EC cooperation in Pakistan focused on human development, in particular basic education programmes at provincial level.

Since 2001, EU policy is to stay constructively and strongly engaged with Pakistan and to make a significant and visible engagement, both in political and economic terms. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Measures include resumption and upgrading of political dialogue, signature of a 3rd Generation Co-operation Agreement, as well as additional development assistance.

In December 2006, the Council of the EU called on Afghanistan and Pakistan to deepen relations and to cooperate closely to deal with insecurity in border areas, while urging Pakistan to build on current efforts to prevent the use of its territory by the Taliban. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and

In order to enhance Pakistan’s capacity on WTO related issues, a trade-related technical assistance programme was launched in 2004 with a view to streamlining procedures and processes for trade facilitation in compliance with EU norms and standards.

For the period 2002-2006 €75 million were originally allocated for development and economic cooperation. Additional EC support to Pakistan was provided following the events of 2001 in recognition of Pakistan’s role as a partner in the fight against terrorism, including € 50 million for financial service reforms and to support development of micro-finance SMEs.

The 8 October 2005 earthquake had a devastating effect on Northern Areas of Pakistan, in particular Azad Jammu and Kashmir and North West Frontier Province. The Northern Areas ( Urdu:,) is officially referred to by the government of Pakistan as the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free In response to this calamity the Commission proposed an assistance package of € 93. 6 million, consisting of both humanitarian aid (€ 43. 6 million) and reconstruction support (€ 50 million) for commitment in 2005.

Substantial assistance was also provided under other thematic budget lines, including for Afghan refugees in Pakistan.

Under its environment cooperation policy, over the last decade the EC contributed a total of € 32 million to rehabilitation, management and conservation of natural resources, safeguarding and conservation of biodiversity, education and capacity-building through sustainable resource management with the involvement of local communities. Major target areas included upland areas of Punjab and Afghania (NWFP), benefiting more than 2 million people. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP ( Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan.

Iran

The EU, in the form of the "EU three" (France, Germany and the United Kingdom) led by CFSP chief Javier Solana, have conducted negotiations with Iran regarding its Nuclear programme. EU three or EU 3 refers to the United Kingdom, France and Germany, with relation to the status power and influence of these three nations within For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The nuclear program of Iran was launched in the 1950s with the help of the United States as part of the Atoms for Peace program The United States and European nations are concerned that Iran is developing nuclear weapons banned in the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT or NNPT) is a Treaty to limit the spread

Javier Solana and the EU three in 2006.
Javier Solana and the EU three in 2006. Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga, PhD (born 14 July 1942 in Madrid, Spain is the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP EU three or EU 3 refers to the United Kingdom, France and Germany, with relation to the status power and influence of these three nations within Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

The EU has led diplomatic talks to get guarantees there will be development of nuclear power only[17] while the United States, backing negotiations for now, has maintained a threat of military force[18]. These talks have not yet succeeded, with the issue going to the UN where sanctions were placed. In 2007 Solana sought to renew talks[19] and is due to meet Ali Larijani on 25 April 2007 to discuss resuming talks. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ali Ardashir Larijani (علی اردشیر لاریجانی born 1958 is an Iranian philosopher politician and the chairman/speaker of the Iranian parliament. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [20] Meanwhile, EU leaders, in April 2007, have imposed sanctions on Iran that go beyond those laid out in UN Resolution 1737. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. International sanctions are actions taken by Countries against others for political reasons either Unilaterally or Multilaterally. [21]

Iran has also been been seeking to develop an oil bourse which would be the first to be denominated in euro. The Iranian Oil Bourse Iran Petroleum Exchange or Oil Bourse in Kish During 2007, Iran asked its petroleum customers to pay in non-dollar currencies Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Although this has not featured in relations between the EU and Iran thus far, if it starts work it would have a considerable impact outside Iran.

South East Asia

There are annual meetings between the EU and the ASEAN Plus Three however relations have been strained with ASEAN since Myanmar (Burma) joined the group, which is facing EU pressure over human rights abuses by its military regime. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly referred to as ASEAN, ˈɑːsiːɑːn AH-see-ahn in English (the Official language Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The European Union threatened to boycott an EU-ASEAN meeting when Myanmar was due to take over the presidency of ASEAN, Myanmar eventually gave up the presidency. [22]

Democracy and human rights is a consistent dividing line between the two blocs, a delegation of MEPs were refused to allow to speak on democracy during a trip in 2007. A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [23] However there has been some co-operation: in 2003 the EU and ASEAN agreed to share intelligence on anti-terror matters. [24] As of April 2007 the Commission is pursuing a free trade agreement with ASEAN. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [25]

ACP countries

The European Union's member-states retain close links with many of their former colonies and since the Treaty of Rome there has been a relationship between the Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries in the form of ACP-EU Development Cooperation including a joint parliamentary assembly. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. Development cooperation between the European Union and the countries of the African Caribbean and Pacific ( ACP) celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2007 The ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly was created to bring together the elected representatives of the European Community (the Members of the European

In April 2007 the Commission offered ACP countries greater access to the EU market; tariff-free rice exports with duty- and quota-free sugar exports. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. For other uses of this word see Tariff (disambiguation. A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary See also Taxation, Indirect Tax In Economics, a duty is a kind of Tax, often associated with Customs, a payment due to the An import quota is a type of protectionist Trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period [26] However this offer is being fought by France who, along with other countries, wish to dilute the offer. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [27]

Latin America

Diplomatic relations of the European Union      European Union member states and member state territories      European Union embassies and delegations of the European Commission
Diplomatic relations of the European Union[28]      European Union member states and member state territories      European Union embassies and delegations of the European Commission

The Union has been developing ties with other regional bodies such as the Andean Community and Mercosur, with plans for association agreements between the EU and the two other blocs underway to help trade, research, democracy and human rights. As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The Andean Community ( Spanish: Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a Trade bloc comprising the South American countries of Role and potential Some South Americans see Mercosur as giving the capability to combine resources to balance the activities of other global economic powers especially the North [29][30] Chile and Mexico have an Association Agreement with the EU.

A 2. 6-billion euro financial package for Latin America was also put forward[31] with 840-million euro for Central America. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e [32] A major forum for European relations with Latin America is the Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union Summit, a biannual meeting of heads of state and government held since 1999. The Latin America the Caribbean and the European Union Summit (LAC-EU is a biennial meeting of heads of state and government of Latin America, the Caribbean and

Opposition to the current regime in Cuba led to tense relations during the Cocktail Wars, 2003-2006. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Cocktail Wars were a series of diplomatic rows between the European Union and Cuba.

Other countries

The Union is also keen to improve relations with other oil producing countries in order to diversify away from Russia, attempting to court central Asian nations. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending [33][34] However there is concern about building relations with countries that have poor human rights records. [35]

International organisations

The Union as a whole is increasingly representing its members in international organisations. Aside from EU-centric organisations (mentioned above) the EU, or the Community, is represented in a number of organisations: the United Nations, as an observer; the Organization of American States as an observer, the G8, full rights except being able to chair and host a summit[36]; the World Trade Organisation; the ASEAN Regional Forum, dialogue member; the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, dialogue member; the International Development Association; Pacific Islands Forum, as a partner; the Council of the Baltic Sea States; the Australia Group; the European Organization for Nuclear Research; the Food and Agriculture Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the G10, observer; the Non-Aligned Movement, as an observer; Nuclear Suppliers Group, as an observer; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; and the Zangger Committee, as an observer. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Organization of American States ( OAS, or as it is known in the three other official languages OEA) is an International organization, headquartered The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly referred to as ASEAN, ˈɑːsiːɑːn AH-see-ahn in English (the Official language The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia. The International Development Association ( IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries The Pacific Islands Forum is an inter-governmental Organization which aims to enhance cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS is an overall political forum for regional intergovernmental cooperation The Australia Group is an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire known as CERN Founded in 1991 the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD uses the tools of investment to help build market economies and democracies in 27 countries from central Europe The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG is a multinational body concerned with reducing Nuclear proliferation by controlling the export and re-transfer of materials that may be applicable United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East ( UNRWA) is a relief and human development agency providing education health care social services The Zangger Committee, also known as the Nuclear Exporters Committee, sprang from Article III [37] The EU is also one of part of the Quartet on the Middle East, represented by the High Representative. The Quartet on the Middle East, sometimes called the Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet or simply the Quartet, is a foursome of nations and International [38] At the UN, some officials see the EU moving towards a single seat on the UN Security Council. [39]

The European Union is expected to accede to the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention). The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (also called the "European Convention on Human Rights" and "ECHR" was adopted under the In 2005, the leaders of the Council of Europe reiterated their desire for the EU to accede without delay to ensure consistent human rights protection across Europe. There are also concerns about consistency in case law - the European Court of Justice (the EU's supreme court) is already treating the Convention as though it was part of the EU's legal system to prevent conflict between its judgements and those of the European Court of Human Rights (the court interpreting the Convention). This article refers to the European Union court not the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe The Court of Justice The European Court of Human Rights ( ECtHR) (Cour européenne des droits de l’homme in Strasbourg was established under the European Convention on Human Rights Protocol No. 14 of the Convention is designed to allow the EU to accede to the it and the Treaty of Lisbon contains a protocol binding the EU to joining. The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a Treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU with amendments to the The EU would not be subordinate to the Council, but would be subject to its human rights law and external monitoring as its member states are currently. It is further proposed that the EU join as a member of the Council once it has attained its legal personality in the Treaty of Lisbon. [40][41]

See also

Foreign relations of member states

Footnotes

  1. ^ With big order, China gives Airbus a boost iht. Transatlantic relations refers to the historic cultural political economic and social relations between countries on both side of the Atlantic Ocean. The Quartet on the Middle East, sometimes called the Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet or simply the Quartet, is a foursome of nations and International The member states of the European Union speak with the same voice on many issues The 1955 Austrian State Treaty ended the four-power occupation and recognized Austria as an independent and sovereign state Initial neutrality Because of its location at the crossroads of Western Europe, Belgium has historically been the route of invading armies from its larger neighbours Bulgaria has generally good relations with its neighbors and has proved to be a constructive force in the region under socialist and democratic governments alike Cyprus is a member of the United Nations and most of its agencies as well as the Commonwealth of Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Until 1989 the foreign policy of Czechoslovakia had followed that of the Soviet Union. Danish foreign policy is founded upon four cornerstones the United Nations, NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation the EU, and Nordic cooperation Following restoration of independence from the Soviet Union, Russia was one the first nations to recognize Estonia 's independence (the first country to do so was According to the latest constitution of 2000 the President (currently Tarja Halonen) leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government (currently Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen A charter member of the United Nations, France holds one of the permanent seats in the Security Council and is a member of most of its specialized and related agencies The Federal Republic of Germany is a Central European country and member of the European Union, Group of 8 and NATO (among others Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include the enduring Cyprus problem Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Except for the short-lived neutrality declared by the Anti-Soviet leader Imre Nagy in November 1956 Hungary 's foreign policy generally followed the The foreign relations of Ireland are substantially influenced by its membership of the European Union, although bilateral relations with the United States This article describes the foreign relations of Italy. International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Today's Republic of Latvia regards itself as a continuation of the 1918-1940 republic Lithuania became a member of the United Nations on September 18, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of its organizations and other international agreements Luxembourg has long been a prominent supporter of European political and Economic integration. For several years after independence in 1964 Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with the United Kingdom and other NATO countries The Foreign policy of the Netherlands is based on four basic commitments to the atlantic cooperation, to European integration, to International Poland became a full member of NATO in March 1999 and of the European Union in May 2004 Foreign relations of Portugal are linked with its historical role as a major player in the Age of Discovery and the holder of the now defunct Portuguese Empire Since December 1989 Romania has pursued a policy of strengthening relations with the West in general more specifically with the United States and the European Union Slovakia has been a member of European Union since 2004 Slovakia has been an active participant in U Since Slovenia declared independence in 1991 its Governments have underscored their commitment in improving cooperation with neighbouring countries and to actively contribute After the return of Democracy following the death of General Franco in 1975 Spain 's Foreign policy priorities were to break out of the diplomatic isolation The foreign policy of Sweden is based on the premise that national Security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a Neutral The United Kingdom (UK is a key player in international politics with interests throughout the world com
  2. ^ Bilateral trade relations with China ec. europa. eu
  3. ^ EU replaces U.S. as biggest trading partner of China(09/15/06) china-embassy. org
  4. ^ EU sees talks with ASEAN, India, SKorea on free-trade pacts in months eubusiness. com
  5. ^ Bilateral trade relations with India ec. europa. eu
  6. ^ Mandelson and India warn the French over Mittal news. independent. co. uk
  7. ^ EU to beef up diplomatic corps in Central Asia EUobserver. com
  8. ^ EU-Russia relations 'at low ebb' BBC News
  9. ^ Russia in defence warning to US BBC News 26/04/07
  10. ^ Russia threatens Europe over US missile plans euobserver. com 04/06/07
  11. ^ Russia accused of 'attack on EU' BBC News 02/05/07
  12. ^ Почему Россия отказывается от польского мяса? echo. msk. ru (Russian)
  13. ^ EU and Russia tackle thorny issues at Samara summit euobserver. com 19/05/07
  14. ^ Moscow's Respect for Strasbourg A Fistful of Euros (blog)
  15. ^ US and EU foresee 'single market' BBC News
  16. ^ EU and US agree pact on transatlantic market euobserver. com
  17. ^ No nuclear deal at EU-Iran talks BBC News
  18. ^ US 'Iran attack plans' revealedBBC News
  19. ^ EU to seek new Iran nuclear talks BBC News
  20. ^ EU and Iran to hold nuclear talks news. bbc. co. uk
  21. ^ EU ministers agree sanctions against Iran eubusiness. com
  22. ^ Burma will not take Asean chair BBC News
  23. ^ Europe MPs 'gagged' by Singapore BBC News
  24. ^ EU-Asean to boost anti-terror ties BBC News
  25. ^ EU sees talks with ASEAN, India, SKorea on free-trade pacts in months eubusiness. com
  26. ^ ACP countries offered full free access to EU market Euronews. net
  27. ^ French fight EU trade offer to poor countries ft. com
  28. ^ European Commission
  29. ^ EU And Latin America Seek New Ways Of Cooperation playfuls. com
  30. ^ CAN, EU to start trade talks in first quarter of 2007 xinhuanet. com
  31. ^ EU And Latin America Seek New Ways Of Cooperation playfuls. com
  32. ^ EU to announce $1.14 bln aid program for Central America keralanext. com
  33. ^ EU to beef up diplomatic corps in Central Asia EUobserver. com
  34. ^ EU launches new Central Asia policy in Kazakhstan EUobserver. com
  35. ^ EU ministers to shy away from praising Uzbekistan EUobserver. com
  36. ^ EU and the G8. European Commission. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France
  37. ^ European UnionCIA World Factbook
  38. ^ The EU & the Middle East Peace Process europa. eu
  39. ^ EU heading for single UN seat, UN official says euobserver. com
  40. ^ Junker, Jean-Claude (2006). Council of Europe - European Union: "A sole ambition for the European continent" (PDF). Council of Europe. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 Retrieved on 2007-07-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason.
  41. ^ Draft treaty modifying the treaty on the European Union and the treaty establishing the European community (PDF). Open Europe (2007-07-24). Open Europe is a London based Eurosceptic Think-tank which was set up by UK business people to 'campaign for reform' in the European Union Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Retrieved on 2007-07-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason.

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