Zambia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Zambia

President Levy Mwanawasa Vice President Rupiah Banda National Assembly Political parties Elections Parliamentary constituencies President 2001, 2006 Parliament 2001, 2006 Foreign relations Provinces Districts

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After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such as the African National Congress and SWAPO. The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. Politics of Zambia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Zambia is both This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. Presidents of Zambia (1964-Present Latest election See also Lists of incumbents Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( 3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was a Zambian politician This is a list of Vice Presidents of Zambia. Reuben Chitandika Kamanga (1964–1967 Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe Rupiah Bwezani Banda (born February 13, 1937) is a Zambian politician who is currently the acting President of Zambia. The Unicameral National Assembly of Zambia is the country's legislative body Political parties in Zambia lists a number of the more notable political parties in Zambia. Zambia elects on national level a Head of state - the President - and a Legislature. This is a list of Zambia's 150 Constituencies by province Zambians elected members for each electoral district in the 2006 parliamentary election. The Zambian presidential election was held on 27 December 2001. A presidential election in Zambia was held on September 28, 2006. The Zambian parliamentary election was held on 27 December 2001. On September 28 2006 Zambia held elections for its 158-seat National Assembly. Zambia is divided into 9 Provinces There is also a campaign by some for a tenth province to be called " Kafue Province" with Kaoma as it's capital The nine provinces of Zambia are divided into a total of 72 districts. Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising Southern Africa is the Southernmost Region of the African Continent, variably defined by Geography or Geopolitics. The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions The South West Africa People's Organization ( SWAPO) is a Political party and former Liberation movement in Namibia. During the cold war Zambia was a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc

Zambia is a member of 44 international organizations, with the United Nations, World Trade Organization, African Union and Southern African Development Community being among the most notable. International Organization is a peer-reviewed Academic journal that covers the entire field of International affairs. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The African Union (abbreviated AU in English, and UA in its other working languages is a Confederation consisting of 53  African The Southern African Development Community ( SADC) is an Inter-governmental organization.

Zambia is involved in a border dispute concerning the convergence of the boundaries of Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election An additional dispute with the Democratic Republic of Congo concerns the Lunchinda-Pweto Enclave. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to This article deals mainly with a disputed area on the border of Zambia, in Luapula Province.

History

U. S. Secretary of State Colin Powell and President of Zambia Levy Mwanawasa meet in New York during the 59th UN General Assembly. Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Membership For two articles dealing with membership in the General Assembly see General Assembly members

After independence in 1964, Zambia was one of the most vocal opponents to white minority rule and colonialism. Minoritarianism is a Neologism, closely related to the term minority rule, both of which describe a Political philosophy or agenda which asserts that See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism President Kenneth Kaunda, who held office 1964–1991, was a very visible advocate of change in Southern Africa. Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991 He actively supported UNITA during the Angolan liberation and civil war, SWAPO during their fight for Namibian independence from apartheid South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and the ANC in their fight against apartheid in South Africa. The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central The Angolan Civil War began in Angola after the end of the war for independence from Portugal in 1975 The South West Africa People's Organization ( SWAPO) is a Political party and former Liberation movement in Namibia. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Many of these organizations were based in Zambia during the 1970s and 1980s. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. For this reason South Africa as well as Rhodesia carried out military raids on targets inside Zambia. Zambia's support for the various liberation movements also caused problems for the Zambian economy, since it was heavily dependent on electricity supply and transportation through South Africa and Rhodesia. Electric power is defined as the rate at which Electrical energy is transferred by an Electric circuit. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another However these problems was partly solved by the Karbida Dam and the construction of the Chinese supported Tan-Zam railway. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The TAZARA Railway (also called the Uhuru Railway from the Swahili word for Freedom, and the Tanzam Railway) was built between 1970 and 1975 "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation.

For their part in the liberations struggles, Zambia enjoys wide popularity among the countries they supported as well as all over Africa. For instance, former South African president Nelson Mandela often refers to the debt South Africa owes Zambia. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative ^[1]

During his presidency, Kaunda met with John F Kennedy and Jimmy Carter. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 He also clashed with British prime minister Margaret Thatcher on several occasions, disliking her policy towards South Africa. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925

As with most African states, Zambia was a member of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War, and is still today. The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the In practice Zambia was more to the left than to the right during the Cold War. In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities The country had good relations with the Peoples Republic of China and with Yugoslavia. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Kaunda is famous in Yugoslavia for crying openly at president Josip Broz Titos funeral.

Kaundas successor, president Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002), also played an important role in African politics. Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (born April 30, 1943) served as the President of Zambia from 1991 His government played a constructive regional role sponsoring Angola peace talks that led to the 1994 Lusaka Protocols. The Lusaka Protocol, signed in Lusaka, Zambia on October 31, 1994, attempted to end the Angolan Civil War by integrating and disarming Zambia has provided troops to UN peacekeeping initiatives in Mozambique, Rwanda, Angola, and Sierra Leone. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. Zambia was the first African state to cooperate with the International Tribunal investigation of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of Rwanda 's minority Tutsis and the moderates of its Hutu majority

In 1998, Zambia took the lead in efforts to establish a cease-fire in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Zambia was active in the Congolese peace effort after the signing of a cease-fire agreement in Lusaka in July and August 1999, although activity diminished considerably after the Joint Military Commission tasked with implementing the ceasefire relocated to Kinshasa in September 2001. A ceasefire (or truce) is a temporary stoppage of a War or any Armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees Kinshasa (formerly French: Léopoldville, formerly Dutch: Leopoldstad, German: Leopoldstadt) is the Capital

International organizations

Zambia is a member of 44 different international organisations. These are:^[2]

Concerning Zambias membership in the ICC, Zambia has a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military from prosecution. The Lomé Convention is a trade and aid agreement between the European Union (EU and 71 African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP countries, first signed in February The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. The African Development Bank ( ADB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of promoting economic and social development in Africa. The African Union (abbreviated AU in English, and UA in its other working languages is a Confederation consisting of 53  African The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of Developing nations designed to promote its members' collective Economic interests and create The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation The International Criminal Court ( ICC or ICCt) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for Genocide, crimes against International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU The International Development Association ( IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one The International Finance Corporation (IFC promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve people's lives The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated The International Labour Organization The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The International Criminal Police Organization, better known by its telegraphic address Interpol is an organization facilitating international police cooperation The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization The Mission of the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC abbreviated MONUC (a French Acronym for M ission The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW is an international agency located in The Hague, The Netherlands. The Permanent Court of Arbitration ( PCA) is an International organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. The Southern African Development Community ( SADC) is an Inter-governmental organization. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone ( UNAMSIL) was a United Nations Peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone from 1999 to 2005 The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO, French/Spanish acronym ONUDI, is a specialized agency in the United Nations system headquartered The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea ( UNMEE) was established in July 2000 to monitor a Ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is the interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL is a peace-keeping force established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of The Universal Postal Union ( UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an International organization that coordinates postal policies among member The World Customs Organization ( WCO) is an Intergovernmental organization that helps Members (Governments usually represented by Customs administrations from 173 countries The World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO) is one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations. The United Nations World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO) headquartered in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the Common law Adversarial system, or the civil law

United Nations

Zambia joined the United Nations on December 1, 1964^[3], only a month after the nation had become independent. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Zambia has a permanent mission to the UN, with headquarters on 237 East 52nd Street, New York. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in 52nd Street is a 19 mile long one-way Street traveling west to east across Midtown Manhattan. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The head of the mission is Tens Chisola Kapoma.

IMF Managing Director Rodrigo Rato meeting with The Republic of Zambia's President Levy Mwanawasa. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo (born March 18, 1949) was Spain 's Economy Minister and Vice President serving with the Conservative Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( 3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was a Zambian politician

IMF and Worldbank

African cooperation

Zambia is a member of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now known as the African Union, and was its chairman until July 2002. The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. The Organisation of African Unity ( OAU) or Organisation de l'Unité Africaine ( OUA) was established on 25 May 1963. The African Union (abbreviated AU in English, and UA in its other working languages is a Confederation consisting of 53  African Zambia also takes part in the unions economical cooperation, the African Economic Community (AEC). The African Economic Community (abbreviated AEC) is an organization of African Union states establishing grounds for mutual economic development among the majority Among th AEC's different pillars, Zambia takes part in two; Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the preferential trade area Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). The Southern African Development Community ( SADC) is an Inter-governmental organization. A Preferential Trade Area is a Trading bloc which gives preferential access to certain products from the participating countries The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a Preferential trading area with nineteen member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe.

SADC was founded in Zambias capital Lusaka on April 1, 1980, and COMESA has its headquartered there as well. Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau of the country at an elevation Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar)

International disputes

A dormant dispute remains where Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe's boundaries converge; and with the DRC in the Lunchinda-Pweto Enclave in the North of Chienge following concerns on the Zambia-Congo Delimitation Treaty raised with the Late President Laurent Kabila. The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election This article deals mainly with a disputed area on the border of Zambia, in Luapula Province. Chiengi or Chienge was a historic colonial boma of the British Empire in Central Africa and today is a settlement in the Luapula Laurent-Désiré Kabila ( November 27, 1939 – January 16, 2001) was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The lack of demarcation beacons, and the citizenship rights of people in that enclave remain thorny issues, especially in Luapula Province. Luapula Province is one of Zambia 's nine provinces, and is located in the north of the country

See also

• Zambia
• History of Zambia
• Politics of Zambia
• Kenneth Kaunda
• African Union
• Zambian diplomatic missions

References