Flag of Ukraine

Use	National flag and civil and state ensign. The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. A national flag is a Flag that symbolises a country The flag is flown by the government but usually can be flown by Citizens of that country as well A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The civil Ensign (also known as merchant flag or merchant ensign) is the National flag flown by civil ships (merchant ships and others to denote An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	January 28, 1992 (originally in 1918)
Design	A blue and yellow bicolor. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Blue is a Colour, the Perception of which is evoked by Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally
Use	Naval ensign. The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	January 28, 1992. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Dates back to 1918
Design	White with a blue cotized cross that extends to the edges of the flag, and with the national bi-color in the canton.

The Flag of Ukraine (Ukrainian: державний прапор України; translit.: derzhavnyy prapor Ukrayiny; literally ‘state flag of Ukraine’) is the national flag of Ukraine. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The romanization or latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin letters. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The national flag was officially adopted for the first time in 1918 by a short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National At that time the commonly used yellow–blue flag had already turned into blue and yellow and sported a trident (tryzub) in the upper left corner. The Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Tryzub features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue Shield with yellow Trident The insignia remained unchanged by the successive government of Pavlo Skoropadsky, and then by the Directorate of Ukraine. Pavlo Skoropadskyi (or more properly transliterated into Pavlo Skoropads'kyj Павло Скоропадський Pavlo Skoropadsky Павел Петрович Скоропадский The Directorate, or Directory (Директорія Dyrektoriya) was a government of the Ukrainian National Republic formed in 1918 in rebellion against

Under Soviet rule, Bolsheviks had been using red and later red-blue flags as the official Flag of Ukrainian SSR. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The blue and yellow flag was forbidden as a symbol of nationalism. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation It was officially restored in 1992 following Ukrainian independence. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine states “the State Flag of Ukraine is a banner of two equally sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow colour. The Constitution of Ukraine (Конституція України was adopted at the 5th session of the Verkhovna Rada ( parliament) of ”

History

Yellow–blue and red-black Cossack flags at Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks painting by Ilya Repin, 1880-1891. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire (also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto Ilya Yefimovich Repin (Илья́ Ефи́мович Ре́пин Ілля Юхимович Рєпін ( Chuhuiv, Russian Empire (now in Ukraine

Yellow–blue flag at Ukrainian People's Republic Poster, B. The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National Shippikh, Kiev, 1917.

The roots of Ukrainian national symbols come from before Christian times when yellow and blue prevailed in traditional ceremonies, reflecting fire and water. ^[1]

In Kievan Rus' times, yellow and blue continued to be popular. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan These colours were used on the banners of the Halych-Volhynia principality in the 13th–14th centuries. The Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia ( Ruthenian: sla Галицко-Волинскоє Королѣвство Regnum Galiciæ et Lodomeriæ or Galicia-Vladimir, was

Yellow–blue, red-black, crimson-olive and especially raspberry color banners were widely used by Cossacks between 16–18th centuries. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern These were not the only possible combinations, since normally Cossacks would fly their hetman's banners, which were similar to the coats of arms of the nobility. Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the Monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand Also, yellow and blue were the colours common on coats of arms in Galicia. Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, In fact, the coat of arms of Lviv to this day remains a golden lion on a blue field. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western

Some put the starting point of the current national flag of Ukraine in year 1848, when during the Spring of the Nations a yellow and blue banner flew over the Lviv magistrate for the first time. From March 1848 through July 1849 the Habsburg Austrian Empire was threatened by revolutionary movements Although this move didn't have significant consequences, the newly formed Ukrainian divisions in the Austrian army used yellow and blue banners in their insignia.

It has to be noted that although most Ukrainians identify their flag in the verbal language as "yellow and light blue" (Ukrainian: жовто-блакитний, zhovto-blakytnyy), the current flag in reality is blue (the top string) and yellow (the bottom string). Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The issue is quite notable, because the historical rotation of the flag (from yellow–blue to blue–yellow) did not affect the spoken language. Back in 1848 the flag was indeed yellow and blue, and it was later rotated to blue and yellow to be appealing to a common person. The common explanation of "blue sky above yellow field of wheat" was invented around that time, and, although it has nothing to do with the choice of colours and the history of the original yellow and blue banner, it certainly formed the flag as we know it today.

In the late 19th century, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was much more tolerant toward the Ukrainian national movement than the Russian Empire concerning the flag. A lot of literary work was done there, thus spreading the idea to the rest of Ukraine.

Short independence: 1917–1920

Flags of Ukraine across time
Halych-Volhynia
Cossack Hetmanate
Ukrainian People's Republic (naval flag; 1917–1921)
West Ukrainian National Republic (1918–1919)
Ukrainian SSR (1919–1937). The Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia ( Ruthenian: sla Галицко-Волинскоє Королѣвство Regnum Galiciæ et Lodomeriæ or Galicia-Vladimir, was The Hetmanate or officially Viysko Zaporozke (Гетьманщина Het’manshchyna; Військо Запорозьке Viys’ko Zaporoz’ke The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The West Ukrainian National Republic (Західно-Українська Народна Республика Zakhidno-Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublyka or ЗУНР ZUNR Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1937 golden hammer and sickle were added to the inscription.
Ukrainian SSR (1949-1991)

Both, blue–yellow and yellow–blue flags were widely used during the Ukrainain struggle for independence in 1917-1920. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Ukrainian territory was fought over by various factions after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War, which added the collapse of Austria-Hungary

At present, there are no reliable sources that indicate that an official flag was declared by the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917-1918. The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National Some sources mention that the yellow–blue was adopted by Tsentralna Rada on March 22, 1918^[2] Other sources point out that no hard proof of such decision exists. The Tsentralna Rada or Central Rada (Центральна Рада Tsentral’na rada) was a socialist-dominated Rada, traditional representative Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[3] Instead, they refer to the decision on the Fleet Flag, which was set to be light blue–yellow^[4] as an indication that the official flag was light blue–yellow. ^[5]

The official flag of Pavlo Skoropadsky's Hetmanate was blue–yellow and became light blue–yellow under Semen Petlura's Directorate. Pavlo Skoropadskyi (or more properly transliterated into Pavlo Skoropads'kyj Павло Скоропадський Pavlo Skoropadsky Павел Петрович Скоропадский Symon Vasylyovych Petliura (Симон Васильович Петлюра also known as Simon Petlyura; May 10, 1879 – May 25, The Directorate, or Directory (Директорія Dyrektoriya) was a government of the Ukrainian National Republic formed in 1918 in rebellion against The flag of West Ukrainian National Republic was blue and yellow. The West Ukrainian National Republic (Західно-Українська Народна Республика Zakhidno-Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublyka or ЗУНР ZUNR

Among Ukrainian immigrant organizations there were proponents of both blue–yellow and yellow–blue flags. Eventually, it was agreed to use the light blue–yellow flag until the issue is resolved in the independent Ukraine.

Soviet Ukraine: 1922-1991

Main article: Flag of the Ukrainian SSR

The Soviet Ukraine similarly to other Soviet republics, used a red flag with golden abbreviation "УСРР" or "УРСР" (Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, or Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936) in the top left corner. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The Republics of the Soviet Union were according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other In 1937 hammer and sickle symbol in gold was added to the flag. The hammer and sickle is a part of Communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state

World War II

Various Ukrainian nationalist movements that functioned under German occupation used a blue–yellow (more often) or a yellow–blue flag. The OUN (Andriy Melnyk's faction) added its symbol in the upper left part. Andrii Melnyk or Andrij Melnik (Андрій Мéльник ( December 12, 1890 - November 1, 1964) Ukrainian military and Ukrainian municipal and police bodies used the same flag, but its use depended on the favor of local German (military) authorities. The police used armbands with yellow and blue stripes, which could look differently in different regions. ^[6]

The Revolutionary Faction of the OUN (Stepan Bandera's faction) used a different flag, red-black. Stepan Andriyovych Bandera (Степан Андрійович Бандера ( January 1 1909 &ndash October 15 1959) was a Ukrainian

Postwar Ukraine

In 1947 Soviet republics, including Ukraine, adopted new flags instead of previous featureless ones. The new Ukrainian flag consisted of a red (top, 2/3) and a blue (bottom, 1/3) stripes, with golden star, hammer and sickle in the top left corner.

Return of the national flag

Under the influence of Mikhail Gorbachev's Perestroika and Glasnost years, the individual Soviet republics had strengthened their sense of national unity, which led to the Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician (Перестройка) is the Russian term (now used in English for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev (Гла́сность)is literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase but not the bottom of the vase" The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 This concerned the three Baltic states and Western Ukraine, which were the last territories annexed into Soviet Union. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the The West Ukrainian National Republic (Західно-Українська Народна Республика Zakhidno-Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublyka or ЗУНР ZUNR These efforts were accompanied with attempts to restore the respective historical national symbols. In 1988, the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR re-established Lithuania's historic coat of arms as the state symbol. The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania — grand dukes kings and presidents — the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory The Coat of arms of Lithuania, consisting of an armor-clad knight on horseback holding an olden Sword and Shield, is also known as The Parliaments of Latvia and Estonia soon followed. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region

The Ukrainian flag flying on Maidan Nezalezhnosti. Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності literally Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine

The events in the Baltic countries soon led to similar processes in Ukraine. Particularly, West Ukraine and Ukrainian SSR's capital Kiev (Kyiv) constantly held political demonstrations with the national yellow-and-blue flags waving above the heads of demonstrators. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the

• On March 20, 1990, the town council of Ternopil voted upon the usage and re-establishment of the yellow-and-blue flag and the tryzub as well as the national anthem Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Ternopil (Тернопіль translit Ternopil’, Tarnopol Тернополь translit The Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Tryzub features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue Shield with yellow Trident "Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy" (Ще не вмерла України or "Ukraine's has not perished") is the National anthem of On the same day, the yellow-and-blue national flag was flown for the first time in about 80 years on a governmental building in Kiev, replacing the then official red-and-blue flag of the Ukrainian SSR.

• On April 28, 1990, the oblast council (oblasna rada) of Lviv also allowed the use of the national symbols of Ukraine within the Oblast. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Lviv Oblast (Львівська область translit L’vivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as L’vivshchyna - Львівщина

• On April 29, 1990, the yellow-and-blue flag was flown from the Ternopil city theater's flagstaff without the official flag of the Soviet Union hanging above it. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The flag of the Soviet Union consisted of a plain Red flag, with a hammer crossed with a sickle (the Hammer and sickle) and a Red star in

• After July 24, 1990, the yellow-and-blue flag was flown for the first time over an official governmental building of the Kiev City Council on the Maidan Nezalezhnosti square of the Khreschatyk street. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Kiev City Council or Kyivrada (Київрада is the City council of Kiev (Kyiv Municipality, the highest representative Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності literally Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine Khreschatyk (Хрещатик Khreshchatyk; Крещатик Kreshchatik) is the main street of Kiev, Ukraine.

• After the declaration of independence of Ukraine on August 24, 1991, the national yellow-and-blue flag flew for the first time over the Ukrainian Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) building on September 4, 1991. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верховна Рада України English: Supreme Council of Ukraine) is Ukraine 's Parliament Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.

Flag of Ukraine - Presidential standard. The President of Ukraine (Президент України is the head of the state of Ukraine and acts in its name

Formal naval ensign of Ukraine (2005). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The 2:3 ratio of the flag of Ukraine.

Colors

The Law of Ukraine states that the colors of Ukrainian flag are "blue and yellow", being silent on the specifics of the blue and yellow colors. Heraldic communities attempt to fill the gap and specify the "true" colors of the flag. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. In the table below the colors are given according to amateurs site vexilla-mundi. com:

Light blue vs. Pantone Inc is a corporation headquartered in Carlstadt, New Jersey, USA CMYK (short for '''c'''yan, '''m'''agenta, '''y'''ellow, and k ey ( Black) and often referred to as process color dark blue

In Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, light blue (blakytnyy) and dark blue (syniy) colors are main distinguished colors. The difference is coming from ancient times. In English (Latin) culture, there are commonly six colors of rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), while in Ukrainian (Slavic) a rainbow consists of seven colors with blue being split into two. A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a spectrum of Light to appear in the Sky when the Sun The difference creates difficulties in translation of blue between Ukrainian and English. If blue is avoided for clarity, the colors of the official Ukrainian flag is dark blue and yellow, while in spoken language Ukrainians often name their flag as being yellow and light blue (zhovto-blakytnyy prapor).

References

See also

• List of flags of Ukraine
• Coat of arms of Ukraine

External links

• Ukraine at Flags of the World