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| Fitzroya cupressoides I.M.Johnst. |
Fitzroya is a genus in the cypress family Cupressaceae with a single species, Fitzroya cupressoides native to the Andes mountains of southern Chile and adjoining Argentina, where it is an important member of the Valdivian temperate rain forests. I M (Ivan Murray Johnston (1898-1960 was a United States botanist. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The Cupressaceae or Cypress family is a Conifer family with worldwide distribution In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Valdivian temperate rain forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion located on the west coast of southern South America, lying mostly The scientific name of the genus honours Robert FitzRoy; common names include Lahuan (the Mapuche Native American name), Alerce (South American Spanish), and Patagonian Cypress. Vice-Admiral Robert FitzRoy ( 5 July 1805 – 30 April 1865) achieved lasting fame as the captain of HMS ''Beagle'' The Mapuche are the indigenous inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.
It is a very large evergreen tree, the largest tree species in South America, growing to 40-60 m tall and up to 5 m trunk diameter. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The leaves are in decussate whorls of three, 3-6 mm long (to 8 mm long on seedlings) and 2 mm broad, marked with two white stomatal lines. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore found mostly on the underside of a Plant Leaf The cones are globose, 6-8 mm diameter, opening flat to 12 mm across, with nine scales in three whorls of three. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers Only the central whorl of scales is fertile, bearing 2-3 seeds on each scale; the lower and upper whorls are small and sterile. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored The seeds are 2-3 mm long, flat, with a wing along each side. The seeds are mature 6-8 months after pollination.
In 1993 a specimen from Chile was dated as 3622 years old. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) This gives it the third-greatest fully verified age recorded for any living tree, after the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine and the as yet unnamed 9,550 year old spruce tree discovered in Sweden in 2008. The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine ( Pinus longaeva) is one of the Bristlecone pines a group of three species of Pine found in the higher Mountains Much larger specimens existed in the past before the species was heavily logged in the 19th and 20th centuries; Charles Darwin reported finding a specimen 12. Deforestation is the conversion of Forested areas to non-forest land for use such as Arable land, Pasture, urban use logged area or wasteland Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life 6 m in diameter, which, if accurately measured, would have made it the stoutest tree ever measured anywhere in the world.
A team of researchers from the University of Tasmania found fossilized foliage of Fitzroya on the Lea River of northwest Tasmania. The University of Tasmania (also abbreviated as UTAS UTas or Tas Uni is an Australian University, with three campuses in Tasmania. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass The 35 million year-old fossil has been given the species name Fitzroya tasmanensis. The finding demonstrates the ancient floristic affinities between Australasia and southern South America, which botanists identify as the Antarctic flora. The Australasian zone is an ecological region that is coincident but not synonymous (by some definitions with the geographic Region of Australasia Antarctic flora is a distinct community of Vascular plants which evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana, and is now found on several separate
In the colonial Chiloé the Fitzroya wood was very valued and roof shingles of Fitzroya were used as money and were called "Real de Alerce". Chiloé Island ( Spanish: "Isla de Chiloé" also known as' Isla Grande de Chiloé "Greater Island of Chiloé", is the largest island The real was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries
References
- Conifer Specialist Group (2000). Fitzroya cupressoides. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 9 May 2006. Listed as Endangered (EN A1cd+2cd v2. 3)
- Hill, R. S. and Whang, S. S. 1996. A new species of Fitzroya (Cupressaceae) from Oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 9(6): 867-875.
External links
- Fitzroya cupressoides in Encyclopedia of the Chilean Flora
- Gymnosperm Database - Fitzroya cupressoides
- Fitzroya cupressoides in Chilebosque
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