Traditional Music in the Philippines, like the traditional music of other countries, reflects the life of common folk, mainly living in rural areas rather than urban ones. The agung is a set of two wide-rimmed vertically-suspended Gongs used by the Maguindanao, Maranao and Tausug people of the Philippines Traditional music is the term now used in the terminology of Grammy Awards for what used to be called " folk music " Like its counterparts in Asia, a lot of traditional songs from the Philippines have a strong connection with nature. However, much of it employs the diatonic scale rather than the more famous pentatonic scale. In Music theory, a diatonic scale (from the Greek διατονικος, meaning " through tones" also known as the heptatonia prima and A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five pitches per Octave in contrast to an heptatonic (seven note scale such as the Major scale
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A Blending of East and West
Like the culture of the country itself, traditional Philippine music is a melting pot of the country's historic past. Philippine Traditional Music is influenced by all the music that was ever brought there, so it is not surprising that it may sometimes sound as 'Chinese' as it is 'Indian' or even 'European'.
Like the people who use it, Traditional Music in the Philippines is either Western or non-Western. And while having more subdivisions, each form will surely reflect the culture of a specific group. Through its Traditional Music, one can clearly see how Filipinos have a deep reverence to God, close family ties, and pay attention to nature. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines.
Vocal Music
Vocal music to be the most important form of music found in every ethnic group in the country. Vocal music is Music performed by one or more Singers with or without non-vocal instrumental accompaniment Although there is some music intended for dance, the best form of preserved traditional music is those intended for the voice.
According to the book Philippine Literature: Folk Songs by Mauricia Borromeo, folk songs from the country may be divided into Western-Type Folk songs, Narrative Psalm, and Secular Songs from the Indigenous Groups. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous
The Western Inspired
According to Borromeo, Philippine folk songs inspired by Western music are characterised as songs with (1) singable melody, (2) syllabically set stanzaic text, (3) simple structure, (4) major and minor tonalities, (5) duple or triple in meter, and (6) simple harmonies. Western music is the genres of Music originating in the Western world (Europe and its former colonies including Western classical music, American In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or In Poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger Poem. In modern poetry the term is often equivalent with Strophe; in popular vocal music a stanza is In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music.
Melody
Western music came to influence the traditional music of the Philippines through Spain. Western music is the genres of Music originating in the Western world (Europe and its former colonies including Western classical music, American Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. As the country was under Spanish Rule for more than 300 years, it is inevitable that this kind of music will have noticeable resemblance to Western music. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
This kind of music is mainly found in the Christian regions for the reason that they had more contact with the Spaniards than the non-Christian groups. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
The observation made by Dorothy Scarborough is specially true to the Western Inspired Philippine Music:
- A song that starts out as sheet music, duly credited to author and composer, may be so altered as to words or music, or both, by singers who learn and transmit it orally, as to become a folk song. The fact that elsewhere it may be known as published music makes no difference.
- . . . no genuine folk music is ever the exact duplicate of any other version even of the same song. Each version or variant has its own value. (Scarborough 1935: Foreword)
Indeed, songs like the Visayan Matud Nila and Usahay are considered folk songs despite some versions credited to particular composers such as Ben Zubiri, Nitoy Gutierrez and so forth. The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. Ben Zubiri (1911-1969 who was also known as Iyo Karpo was a Cebuano composer actor and media personality in the Philippines
With regard to the range, most songs are relatively easy for an untrained voice as they are between six to eleven tones. Musicologists agree that the normal range of an untrained voice is fourteen tones or an octave and a half. In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems
Filipino folk songs are also sung in a relaxed and easy voice. Though singers of this type of songs may employ falsetto, its use is not actually compulsory. The term falsetto (Italian diminutive of falso, false refers to the Vocal register occupying the frequency range just above the Modal voice register and Modern recordings of these folk songs employ the speaking voice used in popular music. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more
Note: Spaniards did not come from Mexico but they came from Spain.
Syllabically Set and Stanzaic Text
Most Western inspired songs are either fall under the corrido, four lines of eight syllables each, or awit, four lines of 12 syllables each. Corrido is also a type of song in Capoeira music. For the Italian commune see Corrido Italy. The awit is a form of Filipino poetry Its literal translation into English is "song" although in the context of poetry it is closer to the narrative. And although these lines do not generally rhyme, most of them end with an assonance. Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within Phrases or Sentences, and together with Alliteration
However, unlike traditional songs from Spain, Western-inspired Philippine traditional songs do not employ lengthy mellismas. Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with Flamenco, an Andalusian musical genre which contrary to popular belief is not widespread outside that region In Music, mellismatic Songs have more than one Note per syllable as opposed to syllabic (1 and neumatic (2-4 As a general rule, a "mnemonic for each note' style as exemplified in the Rodgers & Hammerstein musical, "The Sound of Music", is identifiable in some Philippine traditional music. A mnemonic device (nəˈmɒnɪk is a Memory aid Commonly met mnemonics are often verbal something such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember Richard Rodgers (1902 &ndash 1979 and Oscar Hammerstein II (1895 &ndash 1960 were a well-known American songwriting duo The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay
It is also characterized as strophic, wherein one melody is repeated for every stanza. In Music, strophic form (or chorus form) is a sectional and/or Additive way of structuring a piece of Music based on the This is specially true to the ballads. A ballad is a Poem usually set to Music; thus it often is a story told in a Song. Though modified strophic, like the case of the Irish song, "Red Is the Rose", hardly exists. In Music, strophic form (or chorus form) is a sectional and/or Additive way of structuring a piece of Music based on the Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Binary form is more common, where a refrain of a fixed verse is repeated after each stanza. This article is about the musical form See Binary numeral system for the mathematical term
Simple Form
According to Borromeo:
- The single-unit song is made up of musical phrases (two or four) with an internal relationship that could be progressive, reverting, repetitive or contrasting. The two-unit song or binary song form is common to haranas and kundimans. Each unit is repeated as in 'Lulay'. A return to the first part changes the form to a ternary or three repeated designs. The version of 'Sarong Banggi' is one example.
- The verse and refrain type has been mentioned; i. e. 'Magtanim ay di Biro'. A rare example of the leader-chorus type is the Ivatan rowing song 'Un As Kayaluhen'.
Major and minor tonalities
As mentioned above, Traditional Philippine Music employs the Diatonic scale rather than the Pentatonic scale, as the common practice of traditional songs from the Orient. In Music theory, a diatonic scale (from the Greek διατονικος, meaning " through tones" also known as the heptatonia prima and A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five pitches per Octave in contrast to an heptatonic (seven note scale such as the Major scale The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world This means songs are either in the Major scale or Minor scale. A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed In Music theory, the major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonic scales It is made up of seven distinct Notes plus an eighth Minor Scale was a test conducted by the United States Defense Nuclear Agency (now part of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency) involving the detonation In some cases also, the Kundiman and other art songs that have been included in the Traditional repertoire begin with the minor mode and then modulate into the relative major in the second half. Kundiman (originally spelled Cundiman) is a genre of traditional Filipino Love songs The Lyrics of the Kundiman are written in Tagalog An art song is a Vocal music composition, usually written for one Singer with Piano or Orchestral accompaniment Minor Scale was a test conducted by the United States Defense Nuclear Agency (now part of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency) involving the detonation Modulate is Bob Mould 's fifth solo album released in 2002 Although a few tracks on his previous release The Last Dog and Pony Show, had featured
As a result, songs are stereotyped as in joyful, peaceful, and exuberant if they are in the Major mode while those in the minor mode are sad, plaintive, mourning of longing. In Music theory, the major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonic scales It is made up of seven distinct Notes plus an eighth
Duple and triple meter
Though there are songs that exist in quadruple meter, those in duple and triple meter are most common in Western-inspired Philippine music. Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music In Music, duple refers to duple meter. Duple is also a duration of 1½ the regular note value duration in compound and or Triple Triple metre (or triple meter, also known as triple time) is a musical metre characterized by a primary division of 3 beats to the bar usually As one could notice when they examine a collection of traditional songs, those with triple meter form the largest part in the repertoire. This form is specially suited for the song-dance type which will be discussed thoroughly below.
Simple harmony
Most common folk in the Philippines have acquired a natural disposition to play the guitar, thus this musical instrument (usually strummed rather than plucked) is the most typical fashion of instrumental accompaniment for Western-inspired "traditional" songs. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles Many folk songs falling under these types were once classified as art songs, one and the importance of an accompaniment cannot be undermined. An art song is a Vocal music composition, usually written for one Singer with Piano or Orchestral accompaniment In Music, accompaniment is the art of playing along with a soloist or ensemble, often known as the Lead, in a Supporting manner
Some songs, like the Habanera inspired 'Ti Ayat Ti Maysa Nga Ubing' from the Ilocos Region, are highly chromatic, one can still easily accompany it using the I-IV-V or Tonic-Subdominant-Dominant chord progression. The tonic is the first note of a musical scale in the tonal method of Musical composition. In Music, the subdominant is the technical name for the fourth tonal degree of the Diatonic scale. A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence) is a series of chords played in order
The Native Psalm Type
The Native Psalm style is less frequently used but nevertheless a very important part in the repertoire of Traditional Philippine Music. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included Unlike the Western tradition, however, Borromeo classified songs with lengthy mellismas under the Psalm category.
The 'Huluna of Bauan', from Batangas, is the paramount example of this form of music. This article is about the province For the city see Batangas City. Indeed the 'Huluna of Bauan' is characterised with highly elaborate fioritures, free in meter, modal in melody, long phrases and narrow range. "Fioritura" is the name given to the flowery embellished vocal line found in many Arias from nineteenth-century Opera. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International In Music, the range of a Musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play
This kind of vocal music is undoubtedly taxing for an average singer. Vocal music is Music performed by one or more Singers with or without non-vocal instrumental accompaniment Though the range of this kind of songs is generally a sixth above, the lengthy mellismas and elaborate fioritures make it very difficult. A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed "Fioritura" is the name given to the flowery embellished vocal line found in many Arias from nineteenth-century Opera. Here, the singer must take a deep breath every time he reaches the end of the cadence in order to sustain the next long phrase.
Secular Songs from Indigenous Groups
Unlike the earlier two songs, this form of song has more resemblance with other traditional music from the Orient as it uses the same scale as that of the Chinese pentatonic scale or closer to home, the Indonesian Slendro scale. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five pitches per Octave in contrast to an heptatonic (seven note scale such as the Major scale The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Slendro (called salendro by the Sundanese) is a Pentatonic scale, one of the two most common scales ( laras) used in Indonesian This form also employs a recurring beat, verse lines set in syllables and a wide melodic range.
Although it is very difficult to establish what meter is used in a certain song, one can easily recognise that it is not as free as the 'Huluna'. There are also cases in which the accent of the words is altered in order to suit the beat of the tune. This is especially true in songs of the Northern Tradition like the 'Salidumay' of the Kalinga. It is also syllabic and the lines do not end in rhyme but in assonace. This article is about the poetic technique For the form of ice see Rime ice.
But even though vocal music falling under this category is regarded to have a wide range, as most of them stretch more than an octave, they are still considered singable even for an average singer. In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems
Mobility
Borromeo also noted that one interesting feature of Western-Inspired traditional music is that a tune is not bound to a particular language or dialect. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of One must remember that the Philippines is an archipelago and the use of Filipino as a national language is just very recent. An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. A national language is a Language (or language variant, ie Dialect) which has some connection - de facto or de jure - with Thus, Filipinos did not have a unifying language during the time of the Spaniards.
Yet, the tune used for the Tagalog 'Magtanim ay Di Biro' is also used for the Kapampangan 'Deting Tanaman Pale' and the Gaddang 'So Payao'. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Kapampangan is one of the major Languages of the Philippines. Just to give the reader a clear difference between these languages, Tagalog is related to Kapampangan in the same way that English is related to German. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. On the other hand, Tagalog is related to Gaddang in the same way English is related to Nordic Languages. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages
Other examples of this tune sharing are the Visayan 'Ako Ining Kailu', the Ibanag 'Melogo Ti Aya' and the Kapampangan 'Ing Manai'. The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. One can also notice the same with the Bicolano 'Mansi Pansi' and the Ilocano 'Pamulinawen'. For the macrolanguage Bikol see Bikol languages. Bikol refers to Central Bicolano (also known as Bikol Central To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page
Language used in traditional vocal music
It is interesting to note that although 90% of the 80 million Filipinos claim varying proficiency in the English language, no song was ever found out to have it as the original text. Only those traditional songs used by the Catholic Church, which probably entered the country through America, used English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States And these body of songs were more associated with the church rather than the country. The largest body of songs are those using the various vernacular languages, especially the eight major languages in the country. Vernacular refers to the Native language of a country or a locality
Most of the collected traditional songs have a translation in Tagalog, the national language, but most scholars tend to ignore its existence. A national language is a Language (or language variant, ie Dialect) which has some connection - de facto or de jure - with
Songs from the various minority languages rank second while those in Spanish ranks third. A minority language is a Language spoken by a Minority of the Population of a country Though the Spanish used in the Philippines is generally called Chavacano, it is intelligible to anyone who can understand Castilian. Chavacano (as a proper noun and a derivative of the Spanish adjective " chabacano " and as it is generally accepted in literature the broadcast media The most famous songs in this classification are perhaps 'No Te Vayas de Zamboanga' and 'Viva! Señor Sto. Nino'.
Dance music
After Vocal music, Dance music is the next most important form of Traditional Philippine Music. Vocal music is Music performed by one or more Singers with or without non-vocal instrumental accompaniment This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music. As mentioned above, the best form of preserved music are those with lyrics, this is also true for those music intended to accompany a dance. Lyrics (in singular form Lyric) are a set of words that accompany music either by speaking or singing Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic According to Francisca Reyes-Aquino, known for her voluminous collection of folk dances, the folks watching the dance sing the songs in the same way that cheerers chant in a game. Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances mostly of European origin that tend to share the following attributes originally danced in about the This is very evident especially in songs where interjections 'Ay!', 'Aruy-Aruy!', 'Uy!' and 'Hmp!' are present.
Music falling under this type may be classified as those belonging to the Christianised Groups, Muslim Groups, and the other Ethnic Groups.
Dance Music from Christianised Groups
As Christianity came to the Philippines through its Western conquerors, Dance Music classified as belonging to the Christianised Groups are somewhat related to Western music as well. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Western music is the genres of Music originating in the Western world (Europe and its former colonies including Western classical music, American Dance Music falling under this category may also be called Habanera, Jota, Fandango, Polka, Curacha, etc. Fandango is a style of Folk and Flamenco Music and Dance. It arose as a dance of courtship in Andalusia in southern Spain The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas and has the same characteristics as each namesakes in the Western Hemisphere. Namesake (sometimes "name's sake" is a term used to characterize a person place thing quality action state or idea that is called after or named out of regard to The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies West
However, there are also indigenous forms like the 'Balitao', 'Tinikling' and 'Cariñosa'. In a study made by the National Artist for Music Dr. Antonio Molina, the Balitao, famous in the Tagalog and the Visayan regions employ a 3/4 time signature that employs a 'crotchet-quaver-quaver-crotchet' beat. The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. A quarter note (American or "German" terminology or crotchet (British or "classical" terminology is a note played for one quarter of the duration A quarter note (American or "German" terminology or crotchet (British or "classical" terminology is a note played for one quarter of the duration Others employ the 'crotchet-minim' scheme, while others use the 'dotted quaver-semiquaver-crotchet-quaver-quaver' scheme. A quarter note (American or "German" terminology or crotchet (British or "classical" terminology is a note played for one quarter of the duration In Music, a sixteenth note (American or "German" terminology or semiquaver (also occasionally demiquaver, British or "classical" A quarter note (American or "German" terminology or crotchet (British or "classical" terminology is a note played for one quarter of the duration
This type of music is generally recreational and, like traditional music from the West, is used for socialising.
Dance Music from Muslim Groups
The court and folk dance music of the Muslim-Filipino groups have somewhat preserved the ancient Southeast Asian musical instruments, modes and repertoires lost to the islands further north which were colonized by Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is important to note here that orthodox Islam does not condone musical entertainment, and thus the musical genres among the Muslim Filipinos cannot be considered "Islamic". For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.
Genres shares characteristics with other Southeast-Asian Court and Folk musics: Indonesian Gamelan, Thai Piphat, Malay Caklempong, Okinawan Minyo and to a lesser extent, through cultural transference through the rest of Southeast Asia, is comparable even to the music of the remote Indian Sub-Continent. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and A piphat (ปี่พาทย์ is a kind of ensemble in the Classical music of Thailand, which features wind and percussion instruments This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia.
Generally, music falling under this category tells a story. An example is the Singkil, which relates a story from the ancient Indian saga, the Ramayana (other examples of narration dance from the Ramayana are seen in other Southeast Asian nations see). Singkil (or Sayao sa Kasingkil) is a famous Philippine dance of the Maguindanao people, but was popularized by the nearby Maranao peoples The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki The Singkil is considered the most famous in the Philippines under this category for its perceived elegance, and is also performed by Filipinos from other ethnic groups throughout the country. The Singkil recounts the story of Sita (known locally as Putri Gandingan) as she was saved by Rama (Rajahmuda Bantugan) from the clashing rocks. SITA is a multinational Information technology company specialising in providing IT and telecommunication services to the Aviation industry Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog: Only, for the purposes of the dance, the rocks are changed into bamboos.
- See Kulintang
Dance Music from Indigenous Groups
Like the secular songs from the same group, this form of music has a 'beat' even though it is hard to put it in a form of time signature. Kulintang is a modern term for an instrumental form of music composed on a row of small horizontally-laid Gongs that function melodically accompanied by larger suspended The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats Percussions are mainly used for these type of music and sometimes, a gong is enough. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. This article is about the Internet Protocol Television channel
As closeness to Nature is a main feature of these ethnic groups, one can expect that dance steps falling under this category are a mimicry of the movements of plants and animals of a certain locality. Some music is simply called the 'Monkey Dance' or the 'Robin Dance' for identification.
Some of the music falling under this category is ritual music: thus there are dances used for marriage, worship, and even for preparation for a war. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** This article refers to the religious act For the album by Michael W War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units
Popularity
Unlike folk music in Ireland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, traditional music in the Philippines never reached national popularity. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Perhaps, it is partly due to the fact every region of the Philippines has its own language.
Though some groups tried to collect songs from the different enthnolinguistic groups, none has so far succeeded in making traditional music a part of the national identity, much more a national symbol. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered A national symbol is a Symbol of any entity considering itself and manifesting itself to the world as a national community – namely sovereign states, but also It is rarely taught in Elementary school, as in Ireland, aside from Children's songs. See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Children's songs may be Nursery rhymes set to music or modern creations intended for entertainment or use in the home or education This results in a mentality that traditional songs are children's songs. Traditional music is the term now used in the terminology of Grammy Awards for what used to be called " folk music "
The decline was accelerated with the entry of television, making popular culture from Europe and the United States easily accessible to a common Filipino. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Though most Europeans would say that Filipinos are music-loving people, traditional music is always at risk of being left in oblivion. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe.
Attempts to Collect
Attempts have been made to collect and preserve Traditional Philippine Music but most of them focus only on the Vocal form. Under the 400 years of Spanish occupation of the Philippines, no collection of the traditional music was ever made. There are however studies made regarding this subject in the late 19th Century, when the Romanticists of Europe began to find the value of folk songs. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the
Even during the American occupation of the Philippines, attempts to collect traditional music came rather late. Perhaps the first collection was done in 1919 by Fr. Morice Vanoverberg, which is focused on the traditional music of the Lepanto Igorots of the North. Unfortunately, only the words and not the tunes are included in the collection.
The collection entitled 'Filipino Folk Songs' by Emilia Cavan is considered to be the earliest collection with tunes, published in 1942. Perhaps, the most important collection of Folk Songs is the 'Philippine Progressive Music Series' by Norberto Romualdez published in the late 1920's.
Unfortunately, the collectors who worked with Romualdez did not present the songs in their original languages but rather translated them into English and Filipino. This collection also included some songs aimed to promote National Identity, like the National Anthem of the Philippines, the Philippines Our Native Land and even Philippines the Beautiful and adaptation of America the Beautiful. " America the Beautiful " is an American Patriotic song. The collection also included some folk songs from other countries. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous
For a period of time, Romualdez' collection became the textbook for teaching music in the Primary School. It also ensured that folk tunes from every part of the country is preserved and will be passed to the next generation of Filipinos. Until now, this collection remains to be the most important collection of traditional music from the Philippines, since a copy of it is still available in major Municipal and Provincial Libraries in the country.
Other collections like the 'Filipino Folk Songs' by Emilia Reysio-Cruz caters to the so- called 'Eight Major Languages' of the country and according to some, the collection is the best representation of the songs from these ethnolinguistic groups.
Dr. Jose Maceda, former chairman of the Department of Asian Music Research of the College of Music of the University of the Philippines, also did some collection which began in 1953 and lasted until 1972. The University of the Philippines (or Unibersidad ng Pilipinas in Filipino and commonly abbreviated as U This was followed by collections from his students as well.
During the last years of the 20th Century until the early 21st Century, Raul Sunico, Dean of the Conservatory of Music of the University of Santo Tomas, published his own collection. Not to be confused with University of St Thomas. The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of the Philippines He began with publishing a collection of lullabies, followed by love songs, then by work songs. Lullabies is an EP by the Scottish rock group Cocteau Twins, released on 4AD records on 1st November 1982. A love song is about falling in love and the happiness it brings Finally, he published a collection of songs about Filipino women, a major topic of traditional songs from all the ethnolinguistic groups. All these collections were arranged for the piano and the words are given in their original languages. A translation is also supplied, not to mention a brief backgrounder about the culture of the specific ethnic groups.
Forms
It has the: *Strophic/ unitary form *Binary Form *Ternary form *Rondo form
With regard to traditional dance music, the seven volume collection of Francisca Reyes-Aquino is still the most important collection. None has yet followed her lead until now.
Commercial use
Some rock icons from the 1970s tried to record folk songs. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Singers like Joey Ayala, Bayang Barrios, Freddie Aguilar and the group Asin tried to propagate the songs as the same phenomenon is happening in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Many of the serious musicians also recorded the songs but none has still made a folk song so successful that it could enter the charts. Art music (or serious music or erudite music) as defined by Jacques Siron is an umbrella term generally used to refer to musical traditions implying advanced structural Nowadays, popular musicians tend to ignore this form. Its propagation is now mainly left to the musicians in the academic sphere.
See also
References
- 1) Philippine Literature: Folk Music by Mauricia Borromeo
- 2) Philippine Progressive Music Series by Norberto Romualdez.
- 3) The Encyclopedia of Philippine Art, Volume 6: Philippine Music by the Cultural Centre of the Philippines
- 4) Himig: A Collection of Traditional Songs from the Philippines by Raul Sunico
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